Getting to the Poynt - Poynting Tech

Getting to the PoyntA guide through the antenna specification minefield

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Presenter:Dr. André Fourie Chairman of Poynting Antennas

• Ph.D Electrical Engineering 1991• Professor at Wits until 2001• Founded Poynting Antennas 2001• Listed as inventor in over 30 patents• Published over 50 academic papers and 4 books

This document and its content is confidential and may not be distributed, reproduced, forwarded in anyway whatsoever without written consent from Poynting. This document does not constitute an agreement. All rights reserved

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• Antenna Properties & Problems interpreting specifications

• Application considerations

• How to choose your antenna

• Impact on Data Rate, including MIMO

• Environmental Considerations

• Why pay for reputable, well designed antennas


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Overview of the more common Cellular & Wi-Fi Bands:

Country specific frequency bands not differentiated in the above overview


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Picture (example) Antenna Type Key/Typical Characteristics Application Examples

Yagi–Uda(aka Yagi)

Directional coverageHigh gainNarrow bandwidth

Television

Log-Periodic Dipole Array (LPDA)

Directional CoverageHigh GainWide Bandwidth

Cellular CPE/Repeaters

Omni Wide area coverageLow/Medium Gain

Broadcast of securityWi-Fi to wide areasVehicle communications (e.g. police, emergency services, etc.)

Flat panelDirectionalMedium GainWide Bandwidth

Directional coverage of Wi-Fi, Cellular, etc.

PuckSmall enclosure, Low GainWide area coverageMulti-technology in one

Industrial Wi-FiInternal and external vehicle communications

MIMO 2x, 3x or 4x RF streams (chains)General & Public Wi-FiUtilities and other communication Wi-FiCellular LTE

Helical DirectionalHelical polarisation

MinesTunnels

Parabolic (Dish / Grid)

Very directionalVery high gain

Point to point communicationMicrowave backhaul & access networkSatellite communication


What are the various antennas used for?

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Azimuth (Top view) Elevation (Side view)


7This document and its content is confidential and may not be distributed, reproduced, forwarded in anyway whatsoever without written consent from Poynting. This document does not constitute an agreement. All rights reserved

Azimuth (Top view) Elevation (Side view)

Half Power Beamwidth

(angle in degrees)

Half Power (-3dB points)


Low Gain

~3dBi

Med Gain

~6dBi

High Gain

~9dBi

Wide Vertical

Beamwidth

Medium Vertical

Beamwidth

Narrow Vertical

Beamwidth

Wide Vertical

Beamwidth

Medium Vertical

Beamwidth

Narrow Vertical

Beamwidth

Low Gain

~6dBi

Med Gain

~9dBi

High Gain

~14dBi

Elevation

(Side View)

Azimuth

(Top View)

OMNI ANTENNA DIRECTIONAL ANTENNA

High gain antenna not necessarily better than low gain: it

depends on the

application


Antenna radiation patterns and gain change as the frequency changes.

Example 1: Good 3D Radiation Pattern vs Frequency Example 2: Poor Gain vs. Frequency, for wide band antennas

Manufacturers often quote the highest

gain on their specifications


Idealistic Gain Across the whole Band

Poor Gain Across most of the band

8dBi 8dBi

Both antennas have the same gain according to the spec sheets, so why is the one performing

better that the other?

Antennas with equal spec gain

are not equal !!


HIGH PERFORMANCE ANTENNAS(Real Examples: Power radiated in desired direction)

POOR PERFORMANCE ANTENNA(Hypothetical Examples)

Dire

ctio

nal

Ant

enna

sO

mni

A

nten

nas

Most of the antenna gain is lost, away from the target direction

Centre of the beam is performing poorly at only 1dBi gain

‘Dead spots’on antenna radiation pattern severely impacts performance

Most of the antenna gain is lost, away from the target direction


Horizontal Radiation Pattern(Top View)

Poor Quality,3D Radiation Pattern

What does an ideal performing Omni antenna pattern look like?

VerticalRadiation Pattern(Side View)

What does a poor performing Omni antenna pattern look like?

Key:Poor Gain/Performance Good Gain/Performance

VerticalRadiation Pattern(Side View)Good Qualiy,

3D Radiation Pattern

Horizontal Radiation Pattern(Top View)

HIGH GAIN towards the sky Not beneficial

LOW GAIN towards the horizon This is where

you rather want the antenna to perform

IRREGULAR horizontal beamwidthmany reception variationsaround the vehicle

GAIN where it matters

GOOD horizontal beamwidth

reception consistentaround the vehicle

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Vertical Polarisation Horizontal PolarisationCircular Polarisation


Transmitting and receive antennas should have the same polarisation to ensure maximum reception

Used for mines & tunnels (e.g. Wi-Fi)

Combination of linear polarisation for 0⁰ / 90⁰ or +45⁰/-45⁰

(example X-Polarised & MIMO antennas)Suitable for RFID

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Small housing, low gain omni-directional antennas

Medium gain omni-directional antennas

OMNI-296

2.4 - 2.5 & 5 - 6 GHz3.3 - 3.8 GHz

Dualband Wi-Fi, Wimax

OMNI-69

790 – 960 MHz1710 – 2700 MHz

Cellular, Wi-FiOMNI-275

452 - 468, 790 - 960 MHz790 – 960 MHz

Cellular, Wi-Fi

OMNI-121

690 - 960 MHz1.7-2.1 & 2.5-2.7 GHz

Cellular

MIMO-1

698 – 960 MHz1.7 - 2.7, 5.0 - 6.0 GHz

Cellular & Wi-FiOMNI-85

690 – 2700 MHz

Cellular & Wi-FiOMNI-39

790 – 960 MHz1710 – 2700 MHz

CellularOMNI-232

Cellular795 – 960 MHz

1710 – 2700 MHz

OMNI-291

450 – 2700 MHz

Cellular & Wi-Fi

OMNI-50

2.4 - 2.5 GHz

Wi-Fi


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Medium & high gain directional antennas

Helical directional antennas

LPDA-0092

693 – 3000 MHz

Cellular & Wi-Fi

XPOL-13

3400 – 3800 MHz

LTE/WiMaxXPOL-1

790 – 960 MHz1710 – 2700 MHz

Cellular & Wi-FiXPOL-2

698 – 2700 MHz

Cellular & Wi-FiXPOL-16

450 - 470, 790 - 860 MHz1710-2170 MHz

Cellular

HELI-8

2.4 - 2.5 GHz

Circular Wi-FiHELI-3

2.4 - 2.5 GHz

Circular Wi-FiHELI-4

2.4 - 2.5 GHz

Circular Wi-Fi

PATCH-25

860 – 960 MHz

Circular RFID

PATCH-26

820 – 970 MHz

Linear RFID


RFID Patch Antennas

2.4 - 2.5, 5.0 - 6.0 GHz

Dualband Wi-FiWLAN-61WLAN-60

2.4 - 2.5, 5.0 - 6.0 GHz3.4 - 3.8 GHz

Dualband Wi-Fi WiMax


Indoor Device (No External Antenna)

Poynting Med Gain Antenna

Poynting High Gain Antenna

0

5

10

15

20

25

5 10 20

Da

ta T

hrou

ghp

ut (M

bp

s)

Distance from Base Station (Km)

Approx. Data Throughput vs. Distance

25

20

15

10

5

0


Ideal 2x2 MIMO can double the data throughput and more for 3x3 or 4x4 MIMO

Data stream reception is enhanced with MIMO in Multipath propagation

environments


Example:+ Pol or X-Pol 2x2 MIMO can almost guarantee double

throughput

3x3 and 4x4 MIMO provides even higher throughput


WindDesigned to withstand160Km

wind speeds and MORE

SunUV protection so enclosure

does not become brittle

Rain, Ice & SnowUV protection so enclosure

does not become brittle

QualityHigh quality design, materials

and manufacturing

Rust & CorrosionDesigned for salt water spray

(OMNI-291 is salt-water protected)

EnvironmentalProperties invisible to customers but cause failures much later. Need to use reputable manufacturer!


Environmental aspects considered and tested

Antennas are designed addressing functional imperatives which users are often unaware of

Long track record and history

Reliable and comprehensive specs which informs rather than misleads users

Reseller reputation

Internationally respected for performance & build Quality

Testing complexity means customer have to to rely

on manufacturer’s design& specifications

Provides access to product experts

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• Antenna performance is critical for any wireless connection, hence on your bottom-line.

• Consequential costs of communications failure is much larger than the cost of the antenna.

• Cost of installation alone, often exceeds antenna price (due to recalls & reinstalls).


Thank you!Any questions?


[email protected]

www.poynting.tech

mailto:[email protected]

http://www.poynting.tech/

Date post:	10-Feb-2022
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