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By Miss. Gharge Varsha Gajanan

(B. Pharm.)Under the Guidance of

Dr. Pawar P.KHead of Department of Pharmaceutics

Gourishakar Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research Limb, Satara.

(2015-16)

Chitosan Based Nanoparticles In Ocular Drug Delivery System

A Seminar

on

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Chitosan Based Nanoparticles In Occular Drug Delivery System

●Chitosan is of increasing interest in ocular drug delivery. ●It is known, for example ,to transport of hydrophilic drug by preparing chitosan Based nanoparticles .

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OBJECTIVE-

Chitosan-based Nanoparticles systems to improve the surface ocular retention time and to enhance the transport of drugs across the cornea.

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Contents:

¤ Introduction

• ocular system

•Chitin

•Chitosan

•Nanoparticles

•Chitosan based nanoparticles

•Chitosan based nanoparticles in ocular system

•Conclusion

¤References

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Introduction

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Human eye consist of :- 3 main Layers

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Stroma Endothelium

Cornea

Inner PartMiddle Part

Outer Part

Sclera

Choroid layer

Ciliary body

Iris

Retina

Epithelium

Anatomy of Eye-

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Anatomy of Eye-

Figure No. 1 Structure of the eye.

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1. Cornea which acts like a camera lens.2.Iris of the eye functions like the diaphragm of a camera3.The light then travels through the vitreous humor.4.Retina converting optical images into electronic signals. 5.The optic nerve transmits signals to the visual cortex in the brain

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Chitin-1.poly (b-(1-4)-N-acetyl-Dglucosamine).2.It is a natural polysaccharide. 3.Identified in 1884. 4.This biopolymer is synthesized by living organisms. 5.It is also produced by plant and animal.6.It is derived from crustacean shells such as crabs, shrimps and lobsters.

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Chitosan-1.It is a modified natural carbohydrate polymer.2. It is prepared by the partial N-deacetylation of chitin. 3.Chitosan is also found in some microorganisms, yeast and fungi. 4.chitosan is soluble in most organic acidic solutions at pH less than 6.5.

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Biological Properties Chitosan -1.Chitosan is in this category of mucoadhesive polymers. The mucoadhesive character of chitosan relates to the attraction. 2.Its positively charged amino groups and the negatively charged in the mucus along with other forces such as hydrogen bonds. 3.In addition to this special property, chitosan exhibits other attractive features. 4.As antibacterial agents, gene delivery vectors and carriers for protein release and drugs

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Chitosan Applications -

chitosan

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Nanoparticles-

1.Nanoparticles are solid colloidal particles with diameters ranging from 1-1000 nm. 2.In This the active ingredient is dissolved, entrapped, encapsulated, adsorbed or chemically attached. 3.Polymers used to form nanoparticles can be both synthetic and natural polymers. 4.These properties render chitosan a very attractive material as a drug delivery carrier.

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Preparation Method-

Stirrer

Nanoparticles

Chitosan + drug solution

1) Ionic gelation method -

TPP Solution

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Preparation Method-

Nanoparticles

Stirrer

Aqueous phase

Organic Phase(Drug + Polymers)

2)Solvent Displacement Method-

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Preparation method-

3)Sieving method-

Cross linked gelSeive(2-50nm)

Cnanoparicle loaded with drug Chitosan gel with drug

4)Cross Linking Method-Cross linking polymer(TPP,CD)

Chitosan solution nanoparticles

Chemical cross linking

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Chitosan based nanoparticles-

1.Chitosan, a cationic polysaccharide, is one of such biodegradable polymers.2. which has been extensively exploited for the preparation of nanoparticles for controlled delivery of several therapeutic agents. 3.chitosan derivatized polymers for the preparation of nanoparticles due to its vastly improved properties, such as better drug retention capability, improved permeation, enhanced mucoadhesion and sustained release of therapeutic agents.

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Mechanism of action of chitosan-based systemsupon contact with the eye surface-

Two types-1.Radioactivity and further evaluation by gamma-scintigraphy

2.Fluorescent markers and further evaluation by fluorimetry

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1.Radioactivity- Gamma emitter

s as marker

It gives prolonged retention at ocular surface

BUT

This mechanism not provide interactions

between the polymers and biological membrane

Mechanism of action of chitosan-based systemsupon contact with the eye surface-

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2.Fluorimetry

Mechanism of action of chitosan-based systemsupon contact with the eye surface-

Chitosan

nanoparticles

Add to

Rabbit eye

It forms corneal & conjunctiv

a interactio

n

1.It forms the greater corneal retention time than chitosan

solution

2.It gives retention of

nanoparticles was important in the

conjunctive tissue than cornea

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APPLICATIONS :Chitasan based nanoparticles in ocular drug delivery system -

1.Improving the delivery of drugs to ocular mucosa.

2.The in vitro release studies performed increase the surface retention Time

3.It also increase the hydrophilic drug transport across cornea.

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Future Prospects-

1.Development of new method of preparation.

2.Development of controlled release dosage form.

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References-1) Megha Agarwal, DP Nagar1, Nalini Srivastava2 and MK Agarwal1 Division of Biotechnology, Defence Research and Development Establishment, Jhansi Road, Gwalior, India- 474002,2School of study in Biochemistry, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, India- 474002,1-13.

2)S.Selvaraj,J.Karthikeyan.,N.Saravanakumar.DepartmentofPharmaceutics,Cherraan’s College of Pharmacy, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India. 641039.

3) A Krishna Sailaja, P Amareshwar, P Chakravarty, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India.474-484.

4) Joana Ribeiro Costa, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia da Universidade Católica Portuguesa Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do Porto, Instituto Superior de Ciências da Saúde – Norte,1-62.

5)Waree Tiyaboonchai,Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand.51-66.

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References-6) Santhi Kumaraswamy, Sokalingam Arumugam Dhanaraj, Sridevi Chigurupati, and Selvadurai Muralidharan. Unit of Pharmaceutical technology, Faculty of pharmacy, AIMST University, Semeling, 08100, Kedah state, Malaysia.

7) Ashaben Patel, Kishore Cholkar, Vibhuti Agrahari, Ashim K Mitra, Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri-64108, United States,47-64.

8) Meetali Mudgil, Nidhi Gupta, Manju Nagpal, Pravin Pawar, Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Chandigarh-Patiala National Highway, Rajpura 140401, Patiala, Punjab, India.

9) Inmaculada Aranaz, Marian Mengíbar, Ruth Harris, Inés Paños, Beatriz Miralles, Niuris Acosta,Gemma Galed and Ángeles Heras Department of Physical Chemistry II, Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Biofunctional Studies, Complutense University, Paseo Juan XXIII, nº 1. Madrid 28040, Spain,203-230.

10) Krishna Sailaja A, Amareshwar ,University college of technology,Osmania University, Hyderabad, India.72-74.

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THANK YOU…