ghazis• Warriors for Islam.

• Under the leadership of an emir, chief commander.

• Followed strict Islamic code of conduct.

• Raided those who did not believe in Islam.

• OSMAN: MOST SUCCESSFUL GHAZI.

• AKA OTHMAN.

• FOLLOWERS BECAME KNOWN AS “OTTOMANS”.

• Started on Anatolia Peninsula.

• Military success was based on gunpowder. First people to use canons as offensive weapons.

• Orkan I: Osman’s son.

• Declared himself “SULTAN”, MEANING “OVERLORD” OR “ONE WITH POWER”.

• Captured Adrianople.

• Injured by an arrow in the leg.

• Burned Baghdad to the ground.

• Crushed Ottoman forces halting the expansion of the Ottoman Empire.

• Moved on to China. . . . .

• Civil war broke out among the 4 sons of the Ottoman Emperor. . . .

Started the expansion

of the Ottoman Empire.

• AT THE AGE OF 21, HE DECIDED HE WANTED CONTROL OF THE BOSPORUS STRAIT. . . . .

• “GIVE ME CONSTANTINOPLE!!”

• Used Cannons:

• 26-feet long, 1,200 lb boulders

• Huge Chain caused a HUGE PROBLEM. . .

• SOLUTION:

• Drag 70 ships over a hill on greased runners. . . .

• Constantinople was now being attacked by two sides. . .they lasted 7 weeks.

• This opened Constantinople to new citizens. . . .

• Mehmed’s Grandson

• Effective ruler & general.

• Defeated the Safavid’s at the Battle of Chaldrian. . . .

• Then captured Mecca, Medina & Cairo.

• Ruled for 46 Years.

• Superb military leader.

• Conquered. . . . .

• Belgrade, Rhodes, Tripoli, North Africa, Hungary & Austria.

• MOST POWERFUL MONARCH ON EARTH!!!!!

• Created a law code to handle both criminal & civil actions.

• Simplified taxation & reduced government bureaucracy.

• 20,000 slaves were part of devshirme system.

• Sultan’s army drafted boys from the peoples of conquered Christian territories, educated them, converted them to Islam & trained them as soldiers.

• Janissaries: elite force of 30,000 soldiers trained to be loyal to the sultan ONLY.

•Suleyman the Lawgiver:• Law code outlined penalties for various criminal acts.• He tried to reduce bribes.• He did not allow imprisonment without a trial.• He rejected promotions that were not based on merit.