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GHG Emission and R&D Singapore Mar 2011. OUTLINE National Circumstances National Circumstances GHG...

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GHG Emission and R&D GHG Emission and R&D Singapore Singapore Mar 2011
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Page 1: GHG Emission and R&D Singapore Mar 2011. OUTLINE National Circumstances National Circumstances GHG Emissions GHG Emissions Policy Coordination Policy.

GHG Emission and R&DGHG Emission and R&DSingaporeSingapore

Mar 2011

Page 2: GHG Emission and R&D Singapore Mar 2011. OUTLINE National Circumstances National Circumstances GHG Emissions GHG Emissions Policy Coordination Policy.

OUTLINEOUTLINE

• National CircumstancesNational Circumstances

• GHG EmissionsGHG Emissions

• Policy CoordinationPolicy Coordination

• R&D and InnovationR&D and Innovation

Page 3: GHG Emission and R&D Singapore Mar 2011. OUTLINE National Circumstances National Circumstances GHG Emissions GHG Emissions Policy Coordination Policy.

Singapore’s Second National Singapore’s Second National CommunicationCommunication

• Inter-agency working group (IAWG) set up to draft Second NC

• Submitted to UNFCCC on 12 Nov 2010

• Reported 2000* Greenhouse gas inventory figures (both sectoral and reference)

• Used revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines for GHG Inventory

Singapore Second NC

* COP decision 17/CP.8, non-Annex I Parties shall estimate national GHG inventories for the year 2000 for the Second NC

Page 4: GHG Emission and R&D Singapore Mar 2011. OUTLINE National Circumstances National Circumstances GHG Emissions GHG Emissions Policy Coordination Policy.

National CircumstancesNational Circumstances

Page 5: GHG Emission and R&D Singapore Mar 2011. OUTLINE National Circumstances National Circumstances GHG Emissions GHG Emissions Policy Coordination Policy.

• Small, densely populated urban city-state, with land area of about 700 km2

• Population of ~ 5 million

• Alternative-energy disadvantagedo Limited scope for renewables

o Dependence on imported fossil fuels

National CircumstancesNational Circumstances

Page 6: GHG Emission and R&D Singapore Mar 2011. OUTLINE National Circumstances National Circumstances GHG Emissions GHG Emissions Policy Coordination Policy.

• Singapore’s economic success and high per capita GDP tend to obscure the limitations faced as a small country.

• Singapore emits < 0.2% of the global total emission of carbon dioxide.

• Even if it were possible to stop all carbon emissions here, it would not make a difference if others do nothing.

National Circumstances

Page 7: GHG Emission and R&D Singapore Mar 2011. OUTLINE National Circumstances National Circumstances GHG Emissions GHG Emissions Policy Coordination Policy.

• Singapore’s small population and physical size make comparisons of Singapore and its emissions on a per capita basis with other countries potentially unfair.

• Singapore is what the UNFCCC recognises as an alternative energy disadvantaged country, dependent on fossil fuels.

• Very few options in pursuing renewable energy sources.

National CircumstancesNational Circumstances

Page 8: GHG Emission and R&D Singapore Mar 2011. OUTLINE National Circumstances National Circumstances GHG Emissions GHG Emissions Policy Coordination Policy.

• Despite the unique circumstances, Singapore has pledged to reduce emissions by 16% below BAU by 2020, contingent on a legally binding agreement in which all countries implement their commitments in good faith.

• Tough target - there will be economic and social costs to pay.

National CircumstancesNational Circumstances

Page 9: GHG Emission and R&D Singapore Mar 2011. OUTLINE National Circumstances National Circumstances GHG Emissions GHG Emissions Policy Coordination Policy.

Policy CoordinationPolicy Coordination

• Inter-Ministerial Committee on Climate Change headed by Senior Minister• Mitigation: To formulate and implement domestic mitigation

measures (MTI & MOF)• Negotiations: To formulate international negotiation strategies

(MFA)• Resilience: To formulate adaptation responses (MEWR & MND)

• National Climate Change Secretariat under the PM Office• Overall climate change policy coordination under the Prime

Minister’s Office

Page 10: GHG Emission and R&D Singapore Mar 2011. OUTLINE National Circumstances National Circumstances GHG Emissions GHG Emissions Policy Coordination Policy.

GHG EmissionsGHG Emissions

Page 11: GHG Emission and R&D Singapore Mar 2011. OUTLINE National Circumstances National Circumstances GHG Emissions GHG Emissions Policy Coordination Policy.

Singapore’s GHG Inventory

• The most significant GHG emitted in Singapore is CO2

– Primarily produced by burning of fossil fuels to generate electricity used by the industry, building, household and transport sectors

– IPCC Guidelines and default emission factors are used to compute GHG emissions

– GHG emissions from agriculture, land-use change and forestry sectors are negligible– Small agricultural sector focuses mainly on produce, e.g. eggs, fish and

vegetables for local consumption to supplement imports– Some orchids, ornamental fish grown and reared for export

– Land use change is insignificant as much of the country has been developed, except for the central forest area which is a protected water catchment

Page 12: GHG Emission and R&D Singapore Mar 2011. OUTLINE National Circumstances National Circumstances GHG Emissions GHG Emissions Policy Coordination Policy.

GHG EmissionsGHG Emissions

• Singapore’s Total Emissions For the Year 2000Type of GHG Emissions

in CO2-equivalent(kilo tonnes)

Emissionsin CO2-equivalent(million tonnes)

Percentage

CO2 (combustion of fuels)

37,755.81 37.76 97.33%

CH4 111.72 0.11 0.29%N2O 334.87 0.33 0.86%HFCs 7.47 0.01 0.02%PFCs 496.06 0.50 1.28%SF6 84.04 0.08 0.22%Total 38,789.97 38.79 100%

Methodology Used : Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines for National GHG Inventories

Page 13: GHG Emission and R&D Singapore Mar 2011. OUTLINE National Circumstances National Circumstances GHG Emissions GHG Emissions Policy Coordination Policy.

GHG EmissionsGHG Emissions• Energy Sector Emissions For the Year 2000

• Switch to Cleaner FuelsSwitch to Cleaner Fuels

Page 14: GHG Emission and R&D Singapore Mar 2011. OUTLINE National Circumstances National Circumstances GHG Emissions GHG Emissions Policy Coordination Policy.

R&D and InnovationR&D and Innovation

Page 15: GHG Emission and R&D Singapore Mar 2011. OUTLINE National Circumstances National Circumstances GHG Emissions GHG Emissions Policy Coordination Policy.

R&D and InnovationR&D and Innovation

CLEAN ENERGYclean alternative energy sources have been the focus.

Clean Energy Programme Office (CEPO) The Clean Energy Programme Office focus on cluster development, technology development and internationalisation, with an emphasis on solar energy. S$50 million Clean Energy Research Programme (CERP) aims to kick start R&D.

Solar Energy Research Institute of Singapore (SERIS)

With an investment of S$130 million over five years, this institute will conduct world-class industry-oriented research and development and train specialist manpower for the solar energy sector.

Page 16: GHG Emission and R&D Singapore Mar 2011. OUTLINE National Circumstances National Circumstances GHG Emissions GHG Emissions Policy Coordination Policy.

R&D and InnovationR&D and InnovationGREEN BUILDINGSS$50 million set aside over 5-year period for a new Research Fund for the Built Environment

TEST BEDDING

S$20 million Innovation for Environmental Sustainability (IES) Fund provides financial grants for companies to test-bed innovative technologies which contribute to environmental sustainability.

Energy Audit of Common Services in Public Housing

CNG Buses and Taxis

Conversion of Diesel Commercial Vehicles to Run on CNG

Energy Projects under IES Fund

Page 17: GHG Emission and R&D Singapore Mar 2011. OUTLINE National Circumstances National Circumstances GHG Emissions GHG Emissions Policy Coordination Policy.

R&D and InnovationR&D and Innovation

S$20 million Solar Capability Scheme (SCS) was launched in 2008 to enhance capabilities among system integrators and developers of solar energy systems.

S$17 million Clean Energy Research & Testbedding (CERT) programme allows facilities and buildings to be used as “field laboratory” for clean energy technologies, prior commercialisation

TEST BEDDING

SINERGY Centre@ Jurong Island•Distributed Energy Systems and Microgrid Test Facilities•Research & Development Facilities

Page 18: GHG Emission and R&D Singapore Mar 2011. OUTLINE National Circumstances National Circumstances GHG Emissions GHG Emissions Policy Coordination Policy.

Thank YouThank You


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