Gia Lam Folder

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GIA LÂM MASTERPLAN WR4485



G I A L Â M M A S T E R P L A N

W R 4 4 8 5



ARCHITECTURAL PLANNING IDEAS FOR A NEW URBAN AREAGIA LAMHANOI, VIETNAM

Concept

The master plan or the Gia Lam area is based on a desire to retain the qualitiesand caracter o the area, but at the same time set out the strategies or a naturaland sustainable urban growth. The plan recognises the importance o securinga continuity or the local community in the turbulent process o developing andmodernizing the area.

The strategy or guiding the urban growth consist o three main elements:

1. Robust topology created by large-scale landscape eatures

2. Flexible and adaptable urban structure

3. Integrated sustainable strategies



I N F R A

S T R U C T U R E

T O P O G R A P H Y

T Y P O L O G Y

C I T Y

L I F E

U N I V E R S I T Y


W R 4 4 8 5



CONTEXT

HANOI

HOAN KIEM LAKE

FORMER GIA LAM

MILITARY AIRPORTNOW DOMESTIC PUBLIC AIRPORT

RED RIVER

Ga - Câu Bây - Railroad station Hanoi and gia lam district



G I A L Â M M A S T E R P L

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TOPOLOGICAL CONCEPTS

A robust and distinct urban topology is essential or the successul creation o a commu-nity, to which the inhabitants can relate, eel at home and eel pride in belonging to. Theurban structure is the blueprint or creating secure and inviting, but interconnected neigh-bourhoods. The guiding boundaries between interrelated structures is what gives the city itsidentity and uniqueness.

This master plan or Gia Lam is based on a set o robust guidelines, called topological

guides.

WIND AND WATERNorthern Vietnam experiences tropical monsoon conditions with winds changing directionaccording to the seasons. The prevailing winds in Hanoi emanate rom the South-East withan element o North-Easterly winds in winter. Intelligent planning o urban spaces and build-ings will have a signicant impact, not only on the general comort o the inhabitants, butalso on the total energy consumption. The proposed master plan is derived rom a climaticanalysis as well as the urge to create a distinct and recognizable urban typology.

As the primary topological guide, the existing canal on the site is redirected and used as aguiding topographic eature, creating a ocus and a recreational core element. The alteredcanal now runs in the NW-SE direction, orientating the urban structure in the same directionand opening the plan towards NW and SE. Towards NE, the development is topologicallymore closed, protected by a hilly recreational landscape. With this main lay-out, the urban

abric is relatively protected rom the prevailing winter winds, but opening to the coolingsummer breezes rom SE. This orientation is seen on a smaller scale within the housingstructure itsel.

EXISTING STRUCTURESThe secondary topological guide is derived rom the existing village structure, where theagricultural university together with the village main street creates a distinct local centre,which is retained but modernized.

The village area is subjected to a quality assessment process, in which the best and mostcharacteristic houses are retained and reurbished and supplemented with new inll’s. Thisold centre is made into a low-density central shopping and recreational area, thus securinghistorical continuity and recognisability.

TOPOGRAPHYThe tertiary topological guide is created rom natural topographic boundaries, consisting o two dierent large-scale landscape structures. Towards the NE the hills, created rom theexcess earth rom the development and canal excavation, orm a natural boundary or thecity and invites to the construction o landscape-integrated structures like sports-acilitiesand leisure parks.

Towards the SW an irrigated lowland orms a natural apron against the high-rise structures.This area is a key element in preserving a natural habitat or the native species and gives the dwellers o the development direct access to a large reserve o traditional Vietnameselandscape.

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Landscaping provides protection from strong, humid,moderate/cool, North-East, spring winds.

Hard wind from thenortheast/winter

Cooling wind from SE, summer

Creating a tunnel effect, transporting the attractive

southern wind thourg the site

WIND EXPOSURE

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Preserving important existing typol-ogy and making it part of the new

masterplan

existing village of Trau quytown

PRESERVING TYPOLOGY

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Level heights

TYPOLOGY /DENSITY LEVELS

LOWRISE

MEDIUMRISE

HIGHRISE

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Centralising the water in one movement fromNW to SE

Draining the area and preparing it for buildingskeeping the agricultural uni, free on an island.

surface water is directed into the riverbedCreating a recreative wetland to

handlesurplusflood water

BLUE STRUCTURE

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A N

W R 4 4 8 5



STRUCTURAL CONCEPTS

The combination o two distinctly dierent urban structures are used on the site.

To the NE, between the river and the hills, a low-dense urban structure wraps around theoriginal village and creates an urban mesh with an overweight o housing and social unctions. The low-dense area is rather rigid in its general structure, but variation and interestingand unexpected spatial experiences are created by a fexible set o planning rules or thearea.

To the SW, between the river and the lowlands, a dierent kind o urban landscape is createdby a high variation o high-rise and low-rise. This part o the city has a dierent distributiono unctions with an overweight o commercial and oce use. The dialogue between theurban structures over the river creates a spatial entity catering or the needs and moods oall individuals.



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LOW-DENSE

The Buildings in this area are typically smaller units, creating a non-uniorm mix o mediumand low building heights. There is no prescriptive volumetric template, but a limited set oplanning rules, within which a varied urban landscape can evolve. A mesh o wider greenstreets (eco-corridors) and small-size pocket parks and piazzas s ecures access or all inhab-itants to local recreational spaces.

Social unctions like kindergartens, libraries and medical acilities should be located in relation to the public spaces in order to enhance a network o Social “hotspots”.

The planning rules are highly related to the sustainability concept and incorporate maximumheights, site to building area ratio and a rule or the orientation o window areas. The detailedrules will be customized to ensure:

1. Eective natural ventilation2. Minimizing solar gain by avoiding large glazed areas towards East and West.3. Green roos or insulation and water harvesting.o Narrow street spaces running N-S to prevent solar exposure to acadeso A variety o heights to create visual variation and cooling air turbulences.



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HIGHRISEThe buildings to the south o the river are higher and planned with an even greater variety than to the north. The types o rules and the distribution o public spaces are the same, but the parameters are dierent. The maximum height and the ratio will be higher, and the ruleswill ensure:

o Pleasant public spaces on several levels by fuid dynamics investigations o windsand sun.

o High-level public spaces by the creation o sky gardens.o Green rooso Building orientations to ensure wind defection and shade at street level in summer.o A strict policy on glazing orientation and shading eciency to avoid solar gaino Incentives to install energy-saving and /or producing technologies like wind turbines

and PV panels in the buildings

For both the low-dense and the high-rise areas a rating system like BREEAM or LEAD shouldbe used or the general assessment o sustainable construction.



A N

W R 4 4 8 5

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URBAN SUSTAINABILITY CONCEPTS

TRAFFIC/SECURE ENVIRONMENTEcient public transport and the reduction o car trac is the single most important actor increating a sustainable community.

The Gia Lam master plan is created around a public transport system, where a local tramlineis connected to the existing train station with connections to Hanoi. The Master plan as-sumes the existing station North o the site to be the uture trac hub, but the tram line canbe redirected to connect to other uture stations.

A tram system is chosen, as the visibility in the urban space encourages use and the econo-my is more avourable than a metro.

ECO-CORRIDORS AND WATER MANAGEMENTThe recreational areas on either side o the developments are connected to the river area by

a series o elongated parks or eco-corridors.

These corridors secures the un-interrupted migration o species and fow o water between the natural areas and thus supports a continuous eco-system. The corridors are also part o the general water management strategy.

A sustainable urban drainage system is created in order to manage storm water runo bymeans o slow release and storage systems such as green roos and ponds in park areas.This enables water to remain “in nature” and not place loads on treatment works and to mini-mise sediment/contamination load to streams. Reed bed treatment ensures purication.

Grey water recycling is encouraged to save potable water as well as water minimisationeatures such as monitoring o use.

Creatingparking spacesand accessroadsbetween thegreenspaces, ensuring

residentshave an excellentaccestotheirprivate transportation, while makingsu re the

new citydosen’tbecome to crowdedwithmotorized trafficEstablishing underground parking where the

building structure inclinesthatspecial

foundation hasto happen, because of an

increased building heightsetc.

Biking/pedestrian networkisetsablished so

thatitconnectsthe differentpartsofthe siteaseffortlesaspossible

makinga scenic route aroundthe cityfor

driving, connecting thewhole site whilekeeping theurbanpartmainlyforsofttraffic

Establishingacentral boulevardtoconnect

thedifferentareasofthesite and createaleisurearea

Establishingpublictransportationwhich

services thewhol e site. centrally, making itattractive to use.

Firstestablished asbussesandlateron as a

elevated unirail

INFRASTRUCTURE

NGUYEN DUC THUAN

MAIN ACCES ROADS

HAIPHONG HIGHWAY

PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION -TRAM/BUS

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TYPOLO

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recreational elevated landscape.

rainwatercollectionforrestproduction

GREEN STRUCTURE

wetland production landscape

greencitybelt

production landscape

university production landscape

urbanparks.

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RAINWATER COLLECTION

GREEN ROOFS

RAINWATER

POOL

RAINWATERDRAINING

W A S T E W A T E R

T R E A T E D

W A S T E W A T E R

SLUDGE

WATER

TREATMENT

PLANT

FRESH WATER

ZYMOSIS

PLANT

ROOF GARDENS

BIOMASS

SOIL CLEANING

GEOOXIDATION

BIOGAS

BIOMASS + GAS

PLANT (CCHP)

COMPOST

ZYMOSIS

PLANT

PRODUCTION

ZYMOSIS

PLANT

WASTE LOCAL

RECYCLING

OFF SITE

INCINERATION

+ RECYCLING

ORGANIC WASTE

waste treatment

SOLAR ENERGY

WIND ENERGY

WINDENERGY

ABSORPTION COOLERS

ENERGY

EL - COOLING - HEAT - GAS

ENERGY

ENERGY TO/FROM HANOIENERGY TO GIA LAM CITY


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W R 4 4 8 5



URBAN SUSTAINABILITY CONCEPTS

ENERGY AND WASTE MANAGEMENTThe primary strategy in terms o energy lies in energy savings.

Only ater using all measures to ensure a low energy consumption by reducing the need or transport, cooling and lighting is it viable to invest in local energy production. A couple oenergy producing measures is at hand though.

High buildings in the southern area can use building-integrated wind turbines, and solar

shading o the acades can be combined with PV-panels.

Asorption coolers combined with water-based solar collectors can provide cooling or ocebuildings. In the low northern part o the development, local solar collectors can be used orhot water production or the individual buildings.

On a regional scale, the waste water treatment can power itsel rom the biogas it is generat-ing.



South acing buildingPrevailing winds

South-East acing buildingPrevailing winds

Streets: Long building blocks organised in parallel rows

Pavilions: Isolated buildings surrounded by open space

Courts: Open spaces surrounded by buildings on all sides


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W R 4 4 8 5



CLIMATE ANALYSIS

WIND AND BUILDINGSThe most avourable layouts to minimise solar gains are streets and the courtyard layouts.

Street axes should be orientated as close to East-West as possible in order to minimise thebuilding surace area exposed to solar gain rom low angle sun in the mornings and ater-noons.

The width o East-West streets are unimportant in terms o solar gain however North-Southstreets should be as narrow aspossible to maximise sel shading during mornings andaternoons.

Courtyards can be orientated in any direction however a large number o blocks with smallercourtyards is preerable to ewer blocks with large courtyards. Height to width ratios o >0.3are recommended. Unless special measures are adopted to shade horizontal (roo) suraces,

buildings should not be less than our foors high as a high building volume to roo suracearea ratio results in high solar gains.

In a hot, humid climate like Hanoi, air movement is an essential element or removing heatbuild up during the day rom buildings. When considering orientation or both sun and wind, the sun should be the prime actor, with long elevations acing as close to South as possi-ble.

Ventilation strategies can be designed to take advantage o the prevailing winds and i s moreeective i openings are set at an angle to the prevailing winds rather than at right angles toit. As the prevailing wind in Hanoi is rom the South-East a South acing building will benetrom lower solar gains while also taking advantage o ventilation rom prevailing winds.

CLIMATE ANALYSIS – WINDAs described in the climate analysis presentation,

the prevailing winds in Hanoi emanate rom theSouth-East with an element o North-East wind in winter.



CLIMATE ANALYSIS – WATER

Surace water management via sustainable urban drainage systems (SUDS)Rainwater HarvestingGreen roos/wallsReed bed treatmentSupply and discharge management and maintenanceLow water usage systems

WATER MANAGEMENT FLOW CHART

SUDS

WWTW

surace water collection green roo rainwater harvesting

overfow

overfow

harvesting collection swales ponds

slow discharge to ground

overfow to riverdirect discharge to river

oul sewer

gray water in toilets

potable water supply

plants

building


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W R 4 4 8 5



CLIMATE ANALYSIS

VENTILATIONVegetation between and on buildings can provide signicant energy benets including:Local temperature reduction – studies show temperatures on sites with and without vegeta- tion can dier by 5-12°C.Shading – studies show cooling energy savings o between 12-57% can be achieved.

Reduction in pollutant concentration levels. Improved indoor air quality.Reduced sound pollution levels.

Wind breaks aiding pedestrian comort.Positive impact on occupant moods and property value.

CLIMATE ANALYSIS – WATER

Surace water management via sustainable urban drainage sy stems (SUDS)Rainwater HarvestingGreen roos/wallsReed bed treatmentSupply and discharge management and maintenanceLow water usage systemsDischarge to rivers and ground





MASTERPLAN




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The existing village structure will serve as thelow-density green backbone o the city.

It is in this, that people meet or caés and orshopping and it serves as a historical core, con-necting to the past and securing recognisabilityand continuity.

The old city gate is retained and renewed andwill be seen at the city identier coming rom thestation and rom the north.

The village corridor connects the new develop-ment with the river and the university and will be

a source o both orientation and recreation.

CITY GATE & VILLAGE CORRIDOR




W R 4 4 8 5



All housing in the development is based on sustainableprinciples, but environmentally and socially.

A hierarchy o spaces going rom large parks over smallpiazzas and ending in the private and semi-privategardens and roo terraces creates a secure environmentand a sense o belonging. All dwelling will be withinwalking distance o public transport, kindergartens andschools.

Sustainable technology with regards to construction,energy consumption and recycling secures low runningand maintenance costs

HABITAT




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SCIENCE PARK

A highly creative innovative area is createdwith connection to both the university and theold city.

The relation to the original urban abric and the river will be seen as an asset and will at- tract and inspire the best minds into develop-ing visionary products and services.

The science park will create daytime activityin this part o the city and thus be a benet to the community.




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UNIVERSITY ISLANDThe high-quality landscape o theagricultural university is emphasisedby the topographical changes made by the river diversion.

The university is made into a ocuspoint o the development and thereby the sustainable and ecological aspecto the institution is identied with theoverall green vision or the entire site.

The university will be accessible to thepublic and serve as a natural picnicdestination in evenings and weekends.




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VIEW POINT & RECREATION

The landscape to the north displays a topography, that borders the developmentand creates a natural backdrop or thecityscape and an ever-present naturalsetting.

The hilly landscape is created rom the ex-cess earth rom the site excavations, thepotential pollutants being cleansed over time by natural processes.

The hills controls the wind pattern andmicroclimate on the site, but primarilyprovides the inhabitants easy access tosports acilities like mountain-biking and

sot hiking and a possibility or a calmgetaway rom the busy city.




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PROMENADE

The river bank gives the possibility o orming apromenade, binding together all the parts o thedevelopment.

The promenade is the perect setting or stroll-ing and exercising like running or skateboard-ing, but also more quiet activities like boule orchess.

The promenade is bordered towards the rest o the city by restaurants, clubs, boat hire stations,shops and sh markets.

At night, the promenade will come alive withlights and be the meeting place or the entirecity.




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GREEN PRODUCTION WETLAND

The traditional Vietnamese agriculturalproduction landscape is kept in strategicareas o the development.

First o all it is part o a general water man-agement scheme. Where the wetlands workas a buer in case o severe rains.

It is also important as a educational andrecreational resource, securing naturalhabitat and a constant reminder o thedelicate balance o natural processes.




W R 4 4 8 5



VISITORS CENTER

& ENTERTAINMENT PARK

The centre is placed in the South-Western part o the site, near the Ceramic Village.

This location will keep trac pressure rom visitors to the park to a minimum, will create the possibilityo using the centre or exhibitions related to ce-ramic crats and will also allow synergies between the park and the Ceramic Village.




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GREEN HIGHRISE & HABOUR PARKThe river city o Gia Lam, easily accessible by public transport, will be a benchmark inhigh-density green construction. All structures will be certied according to either inter-national green development rating systems or to a new rating system developed to localconditions.

Building technologies should incorporate natural/hybrid ventilation systems, building com-ponent activation, water harvesting and recycling and adsorption cooling by solar collectors. Socially the harbour city will also set new standards by the use o high-level meetingpoints in public sky gardens and piazzas.

All ground level lobbies will be accessible and create a coherent mesh o public spaces.




W R 4 4 8 5

TYPLOGIES



TYPLOGIES

TYOLOGY CONCEPT

Rice is the most important vietnamese arming product, being grown on more that 4/5 o thecultivated land. In Gia Lam the site consist oremost o these riceelds and the irrigationchanels between them.

While considering the transormation rom armland to residential area, it is interesting tolook closer upon the elds, both because they are the origions o the area, but also becauseo their structure and design. An average riceeld is app. 2 ha (20.000 m2) and is placed between irrigation channels.

This plot size is equilant to a city block in a air sized city. When transorming its structure intobuildings it can divided into dierent block sizes:

S, M, L and XL

Accomendating a variety o spatial planning, leaving some blocks open or green areas andurther devlopment, thereby increasing the variation and recreational lie between the build-ings.

i

Existingfield structure has an ideal sizeforbuilding plots, butdue to the climate

theyhave the wrong orientation. ifwe use the grid, butturn it450 the plotswill have

the ideal orientation forthe climate.

45 0

BUILDING GRID

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Large Solar exposure on

east/west facades

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MASSIVE BLOCK

CITY BLOCK

TERRASED BLOCK

HIGH DENSE BLOCK


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TYPLOGIES EXAMPLES



GREEN BLOCK

COMMERICIAL BLOCK

COURTYARD BLOCK

CITY PARK BLOCK

TYPLOGIES EXAMPLES




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SUSTAINABLE SECTION / CONTEXT



Ponds collect water from

runoff due to typography.

Reedbeds at outfall to

clean water

Terrain and green belt protects again hard

winter wind from NE“sky gardens” Low / dense

Non uniform mix of taller

and smaller buildings and

scatter streets are likely

to enhance airflow

Rainwater ponds collects

and distributes rainwater

to reuse in buildings

RANWATER POND

WATER TREATMENT

WATER STORAGE

Elevated recreational

landscape for sport, leisure

and production

Cooling summerbreeze

from SE

High-rise area:

Orientations and shapesoptimizes balance

between cooling breezes

and undesired gusts

Green roofs protects

agains heat, and can be

used for production

Lake drains excess water

in area, and provides

water sports facillities, aheat buffer and secures

biological diversity.

Low recreational area

protects natural habitat

and preserves traditional

landscape

Excess rain water runs

through cleaning

‘ecological corridors’ to

lake and river

solar energy on roofs

/



G I A L Â M M A S T E R P

L A N

W R 4 4 8 5

GIA LÂM MASTERPLAN



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