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Sustaining Difference during
Gentrification: NYC & Berlin Since 2008
Dr. Jack Gieseking Digital & Computational Studies
Bowdoin College, Brunswick, ME, USABUKA 2010-2011, HU im Berlin
jgieseking.org || @jgieseking
• 1979 “ghettos” --> 1983 “neighborhoods”
• “Gays” and artists linked to patterns of gentrification
• Intersection of culture, politics, and economy in a territory
• Lesbians and queer women disappeared as “invisible” • Women drink less, possess less capital and power, and are associated
with a narrative of fear in the cityCastells (1983)
@jgieseking
• 1979 “ghettos” --> 1983 “neighborhoods”
• “Gays” and artists linked to patterns of gentrification
• Intersection of culture, politics, and economy in a territory
Lesb
ianH
erst
oryA
rchi
ves.
org.
201
2.
Urban Geographies of Sexualities: NYC & Berlin
60000
65000
70000
75000
80000
85000
90000
95000
100000
105000
1983
1985
1987
1989
1991
1993
1995
1997
1999
2001
2003
2005
2007
Couple'Male*Male'
Couple'Female*Male'
Couple'Female*Female'
Lesbian-Queer History by the Numbers
F(3) = 433; p > .001, R2 = .946
US $13,392 +/- per couple type
@jgieseking
US Median Annual Earnings by Type of Couple
US $13,392 +/- per couple type
Source: Hegewisch, et al. (2011), Institute for Research on Women
The Gay City Today
@jgieseking
Jun, 2009 “Join the Rainbow Pilgrimage” NYC.gov
• Financialization: private equity investors increasing owning rental housing portfolios
• 1990s locally owned housing > global portfolios in 2000s
Mother Jones (2014)
@jgieseking
Housing Financialization
Fields & Uffer, Urban Studies (2014):
• Deep parallels in globalization of housing market in NYC and Berlin
• Split between housing ($) and home (experience) in both cities
• Financialization heightened inequality and often worsened housing conditions and well-being of rental populations in both cities
Uberberlin 2011, Vancouver Sun 2011, Shark Properties 2010
@jgieseking
NYC/Berlin Gentrification
How did the creative class thesis make way for financialization?
And what is the future of the creative class under financialization?
@jgieseking
Research Project
Images: © Levine Roberts, Keith Haring, n/a, GO, gonyc.gov
@jgieseking
• 47 NYC & 24 Berlin self-identified lesbians & queer women with mental mapping components
Alison Bechdel 1987
NYC/Berlin Research Project Methods
• Archival research 25 years of publications in both cities, & 381 organizational records in NYC
• Participatory online focus group in NYC, future for both together
Staten Island
Manhattan
The Bronx
Queens
Brooklyn
@jgieseking
Mapping Lesbian-Queer New York
Desi’s Map Sally’s Map
@jgieseking
Color = Participant Year of Coming OutRed = Cassie ’83 (Latina, middle class, from NYC)Blue = Susan ’92 (white, middle class)Green = Sally ’96 (white, upper-middle class)Brown = Shawn ’98 (black, middle class, from NYC)Purple = Holly ’03 (white, working-middle class)Orange = Beth ’06 (white, working-middle class)
MANHATTAN
QUEENS
BROOKLYN
West Village
East Village
Park Slope
Bed-Stuy
Flatbush
Central Park
Williamsburg
Chelsea
Composite Mental Map
@jgieseking
NYC
• Fragmented & fleeting spaces
• Gentrify and are gentrified for over 3 decades
• Little ability to retain long-term, mass property ownership (ex. Park Slope)
[aus: NYC GO Magazine, 2009] [aus: http://www.morgenpost.de/, 2009]
Berlin Meets NYC
Berlin
• Fragmented but not fleeting spaces
• Recently taken on large role in gentrifying and being gentrified
• Losing ability to retain long-term, mass property ownership (Kreuzkölln)
Insights to Date
• Creative class gentrification fed today’s financialization
• Financialization is newest moment wave of gentrification
• Creative class becomes redefined through financialization, esp. women
• Disembodiment of home from housing “stock” is site of embodied intervention for LGBTQ activism and research [aus: NYC GO Magazine, 2009]
Financialized Creative Class of NYC/Berlin
Next Project: Queer Public
Archives
Questions & comments:
@jgieseking jgieseking.org
peopleplacespace.org
All papers available on jgieseking.org/publications or via email.
Vielen Dank.
Special thanks to the Alexander Humboldt Foundation,
Tatjana Nikitina, and my Humboldt Fellow colleagues.