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PROFITABILITY OF PRODUCING OF COCO TODDY ON SELECTED BARANGAY IN PIKIT, NORTH COTABATO
GINA MAE M. MACAGBA
A Thesis Manuscript Submitted to the Colleges of Business, Development Economics and Management, University of Southern
Mindanao, Kabacan, Cotabato in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS
MARCH 2012
i
ii
Republic of the PhilippinesUNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN MINDANAO
Kabacan, Cotabato
COLLEGE OF BUSINESS, DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS AND MANAGEMENT
APPROVAL OF THESIS MANUSCRIPT
Name: GINA MAE M. MACAGBA Degree Sought: BS AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS
Major: Specialization:Thesis Title: “ PROFITABILITY OF PRODUCING OF COCO TODDY ON SELECTED
BARANGAY IN PIKIT, NORTH COTABATO”
APPROVED BY THESIS GUIDANCE COMMITTEE
KATHLEEN IVY Z. BOLOTAOLO KATHLEEN IVY Z. BOLOTAOLOAdviser Statistician
Date Date
DR. NORMA U. GOMEZ KATHLEEN IVY Z. BOLOTAOLODepartment Chairman Department Research Coordinator
Date Date
MAGDALENA A. GUIAMAL DR. GLORIA L. GABRONINOCBDEM Research Coordinator CBDEM Dean
Date Date
Study No.: _______________
Recorded by: ______________RECEIVED:
DR. ARISTON D. CALVODirector for Research and Development
DateIndex # :
Recorded by :
The thesis manuscript attached hereto entitled, “PROFITABILITY OF
PRODUCING OF COCO TODDY ON”, prepared and submitted by GINA
MAE M. MACAGBA, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of
Bachelor of Science in Agricultural Economics, is hereby accepted.
KATHLEEN IVY Z. BOLOTAOLOAdviser
Date
Accepted as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of
Bachelor of Science in Agricultural Economics.
MAGDALENA A. GUIAMAL Research Coordinator, CBDEM
Date
iii
ACCEPTANCE
BIOGRAPHICAL DATA
On the 5th day of March 1988, the couple Mr. & Mrs. Salvador S.
Macagba blessed their 6th child by the name Gina Mae M. Macagba who is the
author of this study. Presently, she was residing at Kolambog, Pikit North
Cotabato. She finished primary education at Silik Central Elementary School.
Then, she pursue and graduated her secondary education at Dilangalen,
National High School at Midsayap Cotabato.
Due to her desire to obtain and have a college diploma, she continued
and enrolled at the University of Southern Mindanao, Kabacan Cotabato,
where she took up Bachelor of Agricultural Economics at the College of
Business Development Economics and Management (CBDEM).
Presently, she is a member of the Philippines Agricultural Economics
Development Association-USM chapter and was hoping to be finished her
tertiary education this coming April 10, 2012.
GINA MAE M. MACAGBA Researcher
iv
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The researcher would like to give her sincere thanks to the Almighty
GOD, who is the greatest provider of wisdom. To all be the glory to His mighty
name, for nothing will be possible without his permission.
Secondly, a heart-warming thanks to the researchers’ beloved adviser,
Ms Kathleen Ivy Z. Bolotaolo, for the advices, constructive red inks and
jokes that always breaks the uncomfortable walls of professionalism. Without
her aid, it will be like sailing without direction in a wide foreign sea.
To the 4-BSAgEcon/A batch 2011, which were there through the ups
and downs, passed or failures, and every beautiful days shared with the
researcher. To her Family: Mamang, Papang, Sunny, Michelle, Inday,
Ondo, Ninit, Jimboy and Jerry. Fulfillment of this research was due to your
hard work and loving support.
Also, for the inspiration given by Adrin, such concerns given to the
researcher was greatly appreciated. To the researcher’s board mates: Cecil,
Lot2x, and Madz, your laughers will definitely ease anybody’s tiredness.
To all of them, this humble piece of works is dedicated.
GINA MAE M. MACAGBA Researcher
v
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
INTRODUCTION 1
Significance of the Study 1
Objectives of the Study 2
Outputs of the Study 3
Scope and Limitations of the Study 3
Place and Time of the Study 4
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 5
METHODOLOGY 10
Research Design 10
Respondents of the Study 10
Sampling Procedure 10
Research Instrument 11
Data Gathering Procedure 11
Statistical Analysis 11
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 13
Socio-Demographic Profile of Coco Toddy Collectors 13
Investments of Coco Toddy Collectors 15
Average Volume Collected of Coco Toddy 16
vi
Cost and Return of Coco Toddy Collectors 17Problem and Coping Mechanisms of Coco Toddy 20
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION 21
LITERATURE CITED 24
APPENDICES
vii
LIST OF TABLES
Table No. Title Page
1 Socio-demographic characteristics of the respondents in selected barangay in Pikit, North Cotabato. August 2011.
14
2 Average investment of coco toddy collectors per day in Pikit, North Cotabato. August 2011.
15
3 Average volume of Coco Toddy collected in selected barangays in Pikit, North Cotabato. August 2011.
17
4 Cost and return of coco toddy collectors per month in selected Barangays in Pikit, North Cotabato. August 2011.
19
5 Problems encountered and their coping mechanisms of coco toddy collectors in Pikit, North Cotabato. August 2011.
20
viii
LIST OF APPENDICES
Appendix Title
A. Application for Thesis Manuscript Defense
B. Certification of English Critic
ix
ABSTRACT
MACAGBA, GINA MAE M. 2012. PROFITABILITY OF PRODUCING COCO TODDY ON SELECTED BARANGAY IN PIKIT, NORTH COTABATO. Bachelor of Science in Agricultural Economics Thesis. College of business, Development, Economics and Management, University of Southern Mindanao, Kabacan, Cotabato. 33 p.
Adviser: KATHLEEN IVY Z. BOLOTAOLO
The study was conducted to determine the profitability of producing
coco toddy on selected barangays in Pikit, North Cotabato. Specifically, the
study aim to determine the socio-demographic profile of coco toddy collectors;
determine the volume extracted and volume sold; determine the investment in
coco toddy production; determine the profitability of coco toddy production;
and determine the problems encountered by the coco toddy collectors.
It was found that the average age of the respondents was 50 years old.
All of the collectors are male and most are married. They were all Roman
Catholic believers. Furthermore, some of the respondents reached elementary
level and has an average years in collecting coco toddy of 10 years.
The material investment involved in coco toddy collection were
“sanggot”, gallons, “tungog”, and “bairan”. The overall average amount of
investments per unit and per tree is P 301.22 and P 60.51, respectively.
The respondents has an average of four liters extracted of coco toddy
sap per day. Among the four liters, 3.9 were sold and the remaining was
x
consummated. Coco toddy collection was found to be profitable with a net
income of P 1,252.38 per tree on monthly basis. Government supports and
programs were recommended to help the them to be more productive and
improve their efficiency in their endeavor.
xi
1
INTRODUCTION
Significance of the Study
Coconut Toddy (Tuba) is drawn from the flower of coconut tree. It acts
as a laxative and has a stimulant effect. It reduces the stress and increase
enthusiasm. It can be used as general tonic for pregnant women before
fermentation, (Rajalakshmi, 2011).
Some coconut farmers in the Philippines not only used coconut for
making Copra (dried coconut) but also for making Coconut Wine. This is also
called Tuba. The process is easy. The one thing that is difficult is climbing of
coconut tree. In Visayas Islands, Coconut Wine is called Tuba, Bahal or
Bahalina. In Luzon, it is mostly called Lambanog. The main difference is the
mixture and color. Tuba or Lambanog in Luzon is the pure sap (no barok mix)
almost calories or milky white in color sometimes referred as Coconut Vodka.
In Visayas, particularly in Leyte, Tuba is the product of mixing Barok (a redish
color of mangrove tree) with the coconut sap, which in turn make Tuba red
color and sometimes called the Coconut red Wine, (Ipeony, 2007).
Coconut toddy or Bahal/tuba is endemic in the Philippines, especially in
the provincial rural areas where coconut is abound. It was used as main food
source in World War II and was one of the earliest food supplement used by
elders in the Philippines. Considered as a local alcoholic drink from natural
source, tuba has also been widely used for its nutritional and medical benefits.
2
Vitamins and minerals like potassium, Beta-carotene, Calcium, Iron,
Magnesium, Phosphorus, and Sodium. It also contains anti-oxidant which is
good for moving toxins from the body. It is also used as antibiotic for wounds,
inflammation and infections, (Dimabuyu, 2011).
The study was conceptualized to provide information on how profitable
or promising coco toddy endeavour is. It is useful to the future researchers
and others who would like to venture into the some activity.
Objectives of the Study
The study mainly aimed to determine the profitability of producing coco
toddy on selected Barangays in Pikit, North Cotabato.
Specifically, it aimed to:
1. determine the socio-demographic profile of coco toddy collectors,
2. determine the investment of coco toddy collectors;
3. determine the volume extracted and volume sold;
4. determine the profitability of coco toddy; and
5. determine the problems encountered and the coping mechanisms
adopted by coco toddy collectors.
3
Outputs of the Study
1. socio-demographic profile of coco toddy collectors,
2. determine the investment of coco toddy collectors;
3. volume extracted and volume sold;
4. profitability of coco toddy; and
5. problems encountered and the coping mechanisms adopted by coco
toddy collectors.
Scope and Limitation of the Study
This study focused only on the profitability of producing coco toddy.
Only the coco toddy collectors from Barangay Kolambog, Silik, and Katilacan
in Pikit, Noth Cotabato were taken as respondents.
Place and Time of Study
The study was conducted from August 2011 to January 2012 on
Barangay Kolambog, Silik, and Katilacan in Pikit, North Cotabato.
4
Operational Definition of Terms
Coco Toddy – juice extracted from the bud of coconut
inflorescence.
Gross Income – the revenue of the coco toddy collectors from
each liter of coco toddy collected multiplied by
price/L of coco toddy.
Gross Profit Margin – is the actual sales of coco toddy.
Investment – inputs or raw materials used in the production of
coco toddy collectors.
Net Profit Margin – is the sales less the cost of sales on coco toddy
production.
Profitability – income of the coconut collectors.
Toddy collectors – a person who prepared the collection of coconut
sap and climb the coconut tree to collect the sap.
5
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
Toddy is the sap of coconut palm extracted from the flower buds by
toddy topper. Toddy taping or “raaverikan” goes a long way into the Maldivian
history and it used to be remarkable occupation passed from father to son.
Toddy tappers cut the end of the inflorescence when it is ready to ripen and
hang a collecting pot specially made from coconut shells called “Gudi” and is
left to fill overnight. The toddy is then collected the following day and
transferred into container called “raabadhi”. Sweetness differs according to the
time of the collection with the evening toddy being the sweetest. The collected
toddy is then sold by the glass in the fresh form, a tasty sweet drink despite its
pungent odor.
Maldivians use toddy in different ways, it is heated to make
‘dhiyaaHakuru’ a golden honey-like-liquid similar to Maple Syrup which
Maldivians enjoy eating with rice, coconut crepes and also acts as a main
ingredients in sweet cakes, desserts and snack. This syrup is further cooked
under low-heat with a pinch of sugar and a particular from of coral for an
extended period which then turns into a creamy-white paste called
‘KaruHakuru”. This is used as a breadfruit chips dip or spread on thin coconut
bread. In the olden days, these syrups were a staple in the household and
were also relished by sailor and fishermen as their diet onboard for distant
journeys as these toddy product lasted several months without refrigeration or
preservatives. Toddy is also fermented and tyrned to toddy vinegar which has
6
strong acidic flavour with a hint of coconut taste. This vinegar is used in
flavouring other food product and as a preservative to make local pickles or
‘assara’. Toddy and toddy products are very rare but is still available
infrequently throughout the Maldivian Islands. With modernization, the art of
toddy tapping is almost lost. The government has recently stepped in and has
introduced ‘toddy tapping’ courses in the atolls in order to revive this fading
Maldivian tradition (Mohamed, 2010).
Manohar (2004) said that, in Misamis Oriental and North Cotabato,
coconut trees were found to yield an average of 3 liters of sap per day. Using
the technology, an average of four kilos of sugar can be recovered from 24
liters of the coconut toddy/sap depending on the sugar content of the freshly
dripped and collected sap.
An added advantage of the technology is its simplicity and
uncomplicatedness considering that this involves only concentrating fresh sap
into sugar granules-a change in physical form from liquid to solid state. It does
not require skilled labor or sophisticated equipment and is best adapted to a
farm level or medium scale enterprise. However, the process is very
dependent on critical factors such as pH, temperature and the extent of
microbial activity of the natural yeasts in the sap. Each step in the process
requires specific condition such as neutral pH of the sap, clean materials
during sap collection and cooking, and controlled temperature during the peak
7
form. This ensures quality and proper ormation of the product (Kindipan and
Sancha, 2007).
A number of coconut producing countries which includes Indonesia,
Thailand, Philippines and etc. harvest the inflorescence sap and convert it to
either coconut syrup or brown sugar. Basically, the procedure followed is
similar, but the furnace and the stirrer used during the process of heating and
crystallization of sugar differ (Ticzon et al., 1996).
According to Garin (2008), “tuba” or coconut toddy will soon have a
high quality wine production that meets international standards as the
Philippine Coconut Authority (PCA) and private contract producer signed a
P5.5 million product development tie-up.
The Memorandum of Agreement (MOA) for the Production of High
Quality Coconut Wine from Sap/Nectar of Coconut Inflorescence was signed
recently by Administrator of PCA.
However, some countries in Southeast Asia, fresh palm sap as an
animal feed is being promoted as an alternative to processing the sap into
sugar, as had been done previously. Since the processing into sugar requires
fuel, which is often prohibitively costly for many small farmers, toddy tapping
had been on the decline. Recent FAO experiments in Cambodia have
confirmed the historical evidence of the value of fresh palm sap as a basis
feed in intensive pig-rearing. Several trials showed that, from the economic
8
point of view, the profit from using palm juice for pig feeding was much higher
than for sugar production (FAO, 1997).
Toddy is produced by binding and cutting a newly formed coconut bud.
Paper- thin shavings are sliced off twice a day so that the dripping sap
continues to flow. The sap (about half a liter per day) is then collected in either
a specially prepared coconut shell or bottle, which must be kept very clean.
The fluid may be duck fresh, cold or heated. If concentrate by boiling it down,
it becomes a syrup called toddy. It can also be fermented to make an alcohol
drink or vinegar. Fresh toddy is an excellent drink for both infants and older
children. For infants, it can be used to complement breast milk after six month
of age (Secretariat of the Pacific Community, 2006).
Profitability rests in obtaining high enough price for a product so that
the producer may draw a salary, cover all his input costs, repay barrowing and
invest in infrastructure and research to ensure future sustainability. In retailers
perspective, the basic costs that a family-run small shop pay include costs of
goods in sales, shop space (if rented), and lighting (Piano, 20030.
In addition, profitability is also justified as inducement for efficiency in
the conduct of business. The successful conduct of business is generally
acknowledging as one of the principal source of profits.
On the other hand, there is considerable value addition taking place in
the market chains as indicated by the increasing prices of the coconut
products as they move from the lower to higher stages of the chain. However,
9
the farmer’s participation in the marketing activities is quite limited as they
remain in the lowest stage of the chain, the farm market level. Commonly, they
sell only the raw materials (husked nuts or copra) and therefore receive the
lowest price among the various market participants. Although it appears that
the farmer’s share is quite high especially in the case of coconut oil and coco
wine, this does not necessarily translate into high farm income. The shares are
based on per unit product value and since farmers have small farm sizes, low
farm productivity and therefore have low marketable surplus, their incomes are
generally low (Pabaayon, 2008).
According to MASICAP, (2010) Coconut sap, the sweet exudates from
the tapped unopened spath are a versatile food product because of its many
uses. It could be marketed as an alcoholic drink (4-5% alcohol) locally known
as “tuba” or coconut wine; as vinegar (under further natural fermentation) or as
“Lambanog” or distilled wine (24-45% alcohol).
Moreover, in coconut farming they are new innovative farm level
production schemes capable of producing other Coconut-based Farm
Products (CBFP). Many believe that when coconut palms are tapped or
coconut sap (toddy) production the opportunity to produce nuts as young
tender nuts “buko” (8 month-old), mature 12 month old nut and copra (dried
coconut meat) as raw materials for various uses or application is lost.
However, research conduct in the Philippines at the Davao ResearchCenter
in 1988-1991 (Maravilla and Magat, 1993).
10
METHODOLOGY
Research Design
The study used the descriptive research design to determine and
describe the socio-demographic profile of coco toddy collectors, their
investment, volume produced and sold, and the problems and coping
mechanisms. The profitability of coco toddy production was analyzed through
cost and return analysis and aided with profitability ratio especially rate on
return on sales.
Respondents of the Study
The respondents of the study were coco toddy collectors from barangay
Colambog, Silik and Katilacan in Pikit, North Cotabato.
Sampling Procedure and Sampling Size
An initial survey was done to determine the population of coco toddy
collectors in the selected barangays in Pikit, North Cotabato. A complete
enumeration was used as sampling procedure which considers all coco toddy
farmers in the study area as respondents for the study. This was due to the
small population size of the targeted respondents. A total of thirty-two (32)
respondents was derived from the three study areas in Municipality of Pikit.
11
There were fifteen (15) respondents from Barangay Colambog, ten (10) in
Barangay Silik, and seven (7) in barangay Katilakan. All of which were taken
as samples.
Research Instrument
An interview guide was used as an instrument for data gathering. It was
divided into four parts; the socio-demographic profile, investment, volume
extracted and sold, costs and return of the coco toddy collectors, and the
problems encountered and coping mechanisms of the coco toddy collectors.
Data Gathering Procedure
An initial survey was done to determine the number of coco toddy
collectors in the area. The barangays that served as area of the study was
Barangay Colambog, Silik, and Katilakan. These were the barangays which
has identified coco toddy collectors.
The data was gathered through a personal interview with the
respondents. The coco toddy collectors was interviewed in their respective
homes.
12
Statistical Analysis
The prime data was analyzed using descriptive statistics such as
frequently counts, percentages and averages. The data that were descriptively
analyzed were the socio-demographic profile, investment, volume
produce/extracted and sold, and problems encountered and their coping
mechanisms.
Costs and return analysis was used to measure the profitability of coco
toddy collectors in Pikit, aided with profitability ratio which was computed to
estimate the rate of return in toddy collection.
13
RESULT AND DISCUSSION
Socio-demographic Characteristics of Coco Toddy Collectors
Table 1 shows the socio-demographic characteristics of the coco toddy
collectors in Pikit, North Cotabato. Results revealed that most of the collectors
aged almost 50 years old, all of them were male married (97%), with a
household size of 5 members, Cebuano and Roman Catholics. Most of them
reached elementary (53%), some of them reached high school (28%) while
only few of them, 6% and 13% graduated from high school and elementary,
respectively. On the average, they have been collecting toddy for almost 10
years.
14
Table 1.Socio-demographic characteristics of the respondents in selected barangay in Pikit, North Cotabato.August 2011.
VARIABLES FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE AVERAGE
(N=32) %
Age 49.6
Household size 4.78
Gender
Male 32 100
Civil Status
Married 31 97
Single 1 3
Religion
Roman Catholic 32 100
Tribe
Cebuano 32 100
Educational attainment
Elementary level 17 53
Elementary graduates 4 13
High School level 9 28
High School graduates 2 6
Years in collecting coco toddy 9.59
Other source of income 32 100
15
Investments of Coco Toddy Collectors
Table 2 summed up the material inputs used by coco toddy collectors
directly in producing coco toddy. These materials were considered fixed
inputs, setting aside “tungog”, which entails fixed costs in the production
process. On the average, the coco toddy collectors used 1 “sangot” with a per
unit cost of P 136.25, 6 gallons with a per unit cost of P 16.50, and 1 “bairan”
with a per unit cost of P 124.53. Although these costs do not necessary rise up
with production, it is still important to derive its costs per tree. On the other
hand, the only variable cost noted here is “tungog” which on the average, they
used 1 pack per day.
Table 2.Average investment of coco toddy collectors per day in Pikit, North Cotabato. August 2011.
VARIABLES AVERAGEAVERAGE COST AVERAGE COSTS QUANTITY PER UNIT PER TREE (P)
“Sanggot” 1 136.25 26.98
“gallons” 6 16.5 3.35
“tungog” 1 23.94 4.84
“bairan” 1 124.53 25.34
Total Average cost 301.22 60.51
16
Average Volume Collected of Coco Toddy
The table 3 shows the average of coco toddy in selected
barangays in Pikit, North Cotabato. the average number of trees collected was
5and the average volume per tree (L) of coco toddy extracted per day is four
(4) liters. The average extracted liters of coco toddy are found to be higher
than the estimated 3 liters per tree, as assumed by by Manohar (2010).
Furthermore, the average amount of extracted coco toddy per
tree per day was P40.00 of which P39.00 was the actual sales while only
about P 1.00 was unsold. The unsold coco toddy was consummated or
processed into vinegar.
17
Table 3. Average volume of Coco Toddy collected in selected barangays in Pikit, North Cotabato. August 2011.
VARIABLES AVERAGE VOLUME AVERAGE AMOUNT (LITER) PER TREE (P)
Average no. of tress collected (5)
Coco toddy extracted per day (liter) 4 40
Coco toddy sold (liter) 3.9 39
Unsold coco toddy per day (liter) 0.1 1
Total Averag 8.9 80
Cost and Return of Coco Toddy Collectors
Table 4 shows the monthly net income of coco toddy collectors. The
volume was sold P1,170 and unsold P198 from the total gross income which is
1,368. On the hand, total cost of collecting coco toddy was derived by adding
the variable cost and fixed cost. Total variable cost is computed by identifying
the total cost of tungog in a month, which is P145.20. The fixed cost, which is
the combined cost of sanggot P26.98, gallon P20.10, and bairan P25.34, is
P72.42. Overall, the average total cost is P217.42/ month.
Lastly, to derive the total net income of collecting coco toddy, the total
gross income was subtracted by the total cost. The total monthly net income of
collecting coco toddy is P1,252.38/month.
18
In relation to the above results, a study of Manohar (2010) shows that a
one hectare (100 tress) coco toddy farm has an investment cost of P330,00.
Thus it costs P3,300 per tree. Compared to the literature, the small-scale coco
toddy collectors seems to have little expenses and also a lesser profiy than
the estimated farm.
The study also considered the profitability ratios which measures the
rate of return on sales or profit margin of coco toddy production in selected
barangays in Pikit, North Cotabato. Results revealed that the net profit margin
shows how much each sales per peso shows up as net income after all
expenses are paid. The net profit margin is 85% which means that 85 cents
for every peso is profit. Thus it would be occurred based on the rate of return
the coco toddy collections, even small scaled is profitable. The solution and
derivation of the rate of return on sales was shown below.
Rate of return on sales =Net income Net sales
=1,252.38 1,470
=0.85 or 85%
19
Table 4. Cost and return of coco toddy collectors per month in selected Barangays in Pikit, North Cotabato. August 2011.
ITEMS AVERAGE AMOUNT PER TREE (Php)
Income
Volume sold 1,170
Volume unsold 300
Total income 1,470
CostVariable cost
“Tungog” (1pack x P4.84) 145.20
Total Variable Cost 145.20
Fixed cost “Sanggot” 1pc.x P 26.98 26.98“gallon’s” 6pc.x P 3.35 20.10“bairan” 1pc.x P 25.34 25.34
Total fixed cost 72.42Net Income P 1,252.38
Legend :
Volume sold : 3.9LxP10 X 30 daysVolume unsold: 0.1LxP10 X 30 days
20
Problem and Coping Mechanisms of Coco Toddy
Table 5 summed up all the problems that coco toddy collectors
encountered and how they coped with that problems. They said that they find
it hard collecting coco toddy during rainy Days due to wet trunks of the
coconut trees. They resolved this problem by providing ladders for them to
climb the tree easily. When illness also strikes them, they resolve by taking
rest and taking medicines.
Table 5. Problems encountered and their coping mechanisms of coco toddy collectors in Pikit, North Cotabato. August 2011.
PROBLEMS FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE COPING (N=32) % MECHANISMS
Wet trunk 32 100 Provide ladder in order to climb
illness 32 100 Rest and take medicines
21
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
The study evaluated the profitability of producing coco toddy in selected
Barangay in Pikit, North Cotabato. Thirty-two coco toddy collectors were
considered as respondents using complete enumeration.
The results of the study may be summarized as follows:
1. Majority of the respondents were married males with an average of
almost 50 years old. Roman Catholic was the dominant religion of the
respondents. Furthermore, the respondents, as a whole, were found to reach
elementary education but were not able to graduate. Average coco toddy
collecting experience of the respondents is almost 10 years.
2. Investment in coco toddy collection includes: “sanggot” with an
average unit and cost of one and P136.25, respectively; gallons which has an
average unit of 6 and P16.5 cost, “tungog” with an average of 1 unit and P
23.94 cost, and “bairan” which has an average unit of 1 at 124.22 cost.
3. The respondents can extract a total of four liters per day and sold
3.9 liters. Average amount of sold coco toddy is P 39.00.
4. Coco toddy collectors were found to be efficient in coco toddy
collection. They have a net income of P 1,252.30 and a rate of return on sales
of 85% cents per peso sale.
5. The most common problems of the respondents were wet trunk,
wherein they used ladders as copping mechanism, and illness. Coco toddy
22
collectors collects toddy every morning, rain or shine. Due to this practice,
many of the respondents suffer from cold and cough but have to deal with it
using medicines for they can’t stop doing their source of living.
The following conclusions were drawn based on the results of the
study:
1. Coco toddy collection was a profitable enterprise and the coco toddy
farmers were found to be efficient in coco toddy collection. They received 85
cents in every one peso investment they have in coco toddy collection.
2. However, the respondents were observed as members in the poverty
threshold level, as seen in their low educational attainment and as observed
during the survey. The researcher could conclude that, though it was shown
that they were efficient in coco toddy collection, based on the rate of return on
sales, they only own small number of trees, such livelihood has a small
contribution in their economic condition.
Based on the findings and conclusions of the study, the following are
recommended:
1. A further study on the economic condition of the collectors will
determine what factors are responsible on the stagnant economic
development of the collectors even with the fact that they are efficient in coco
toddy production.
2. Government support will be a great help to the coco toddy collectors.
Programs such as seminar on improvement of production practices; giving
23
permanent and profitable marketing channels; and seminars on proper health,
will enable the collectors to improve their production levels due to the
technology introduced and dissemination of information will help them ward-off
or minimize the risk of illness.
24
LITERATURE CITED
Aquino, M.U.PhD. 2009. Rural Cooperative Partnership Exploits Comparatives Advantages of Coconut Sap Sugar Production. Coconut Sap.Bureau of Agricultural Research. From:http//www.bar.gov.ph/bardigest/2009/aprjJun09_coconutsap.asp.Retrive March 17, 2011.
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 1997.Sharing Traditional Skills in ToddyTapping.FAO Focus. From:http//www.fao.org/focus/e/tcdc/toddy-e.htm. Retrieve March 17, 2011
Garin, O.G., 2008. Agriculture Business Week. P5.5 Million for Coconut WineProduction. From http:www.agribusenesswek.com/p55-million-for-coconut –wine production//.Retrieve March 17,2011.
Mohamad, I. 2010. Nuts for coconut: Today the local Brew .Eco Green Maldives. From hhtp://ecogreenmaldives.blogspot.com/2010/04/nuts-for- coconut-toddy – local – brew. Html. Retrieve March 17, 2011.
Piana,V.2003. Costs : A key concept in Economics. Economics Web Institute.From http://www.economicsurebinstitute.org/glossary/costs.htm.Retieve December 20, 2010
Pabuayon, I.M.and C.M.Medina.2007.Policy Imperatives for Coconut- Based Communities in the Philippines: The Market, Poverty and Environment Nexus. Up Los Banos and Up Center for Integrative and Development Studies.Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines.54 p. FromRetrieve March 23 ,2011.
Secreted of the Pacific Community.2006. Coconut Healthy Pacific LifestyleSection. From http://www.spc.in/lifestyle/.Retrieve 17,2011.
Medium and Small Scale Industries Coordinated Action (MASICAP). 2010.Coco-sap Sugar and Honey Production: fromhhtp//www.investinr12.net/index.php/component/banners/clicks/index.php?option =com_content&id=89:coco-sapsugar-and-honey-
Maravilla, J. N. and Magat, S. S (1993). Sequential Coconut Toddy (Sap) and Nut Poduction in Laguna Tall Variety and Hybrid Coconut.Philippines.J.Coconut Studies 18(2):7-15
25
APPENDICES
26
Republic of the PhilippinesUNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN MINDANAO
Kabacan, Cotabato
COLLEGE OF BUSINESS, DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS AND MANAGEMENT
Application for Thesis Manuscript Defense
Name GINA MAE M. MACAGBADegree Sought
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS
Thesis Title “COST OF CHEMICALS USED AND HEALTH EFFECTS OF VEGETABLE GROWERS IN KAPATAGAN, DIGOS, DAVAO
Date of Exam:
FEBRUARY 29, 2012 Time: 10:00 AM Place: CBDEM
GINA MAE M. MACAGBAStudent’s signature over printed name Date
RECOMMENDING APPROVAL:
KATHLEEN IVY Z. BOLOTAOLO KATHLEEN IVY Z. BOLOTAOLOAdviser’s signature over printed name Department Research Coordinator
NORMA U. GOMEZ, Ph. DDepartment Chairman
EXAMINING COMMITTEEName Signature Date
Chairman KATHLEEN IVY Z. BOLOTAOLOMember HELEN A. ABIDONGMember ROMIEL JOHN P. BASAN
REPORT ON THE RESULT OF EXAMINATION(Remarks of the examining committee should indicate whether passed or failed)
Name Signature RemarksChairman KATHLEEN IVY Z. BOLOTAOLOMember HELEN A. ABIDONGMember ROMIEL JOHN P. BASANAPPROVED:
MAGDALENA A. GUIAMALCBDEM Research Coordinator
Important: All applications for examination must be done two (2) working days prior to the scheduled date of examination.
27
Republic of the PhilippinesUNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN MINDANAO
Kabacan, Cotabato
COLLEGE OF BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS AND MANAGEMENT
Certification of English Critic
Name NOVA LILET M. ALVARADODegree Sought
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS
This is to certify that the thesis entitled, “COST OF CHEMICALS USED AND HEALTH EFFECTS OF VEGETABLE GROWERS IN KAPATAGAN, DIGOS, DAVAO
conducted by
NOVA LILET M. ALVARADO
was edited by the undersigned.
RHENALIE T. NEYRASignature over printed name Date
I confirm that this study has been checked by the English Critic.
RHENALIE T. NEYRAAdviser’s signature over printed
nameDate