Gingelly

Scientific classification

Kingdom:

Plantae

(unranked):

Angiosperms

(unranked):

Eudicots

(unranked):

Asterids

Order: Lamiales

Family: Pedaliaceae

Genus: Sesamum

Species:

S. indicum

Gingelly(Sesamum indicum)

Group No: 02Export Agriculture Degree Programme

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_classification


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plantae

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angiosperms


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eudicots


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asterids

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lamiales


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedaliaceae


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sesamum



Kingdom:

Plantae

(unranked):

Angiosperms

(unranked):

Eudicots

(unranked):

Asterids

Order: Lamiales

Family: Pedaliaceae

Genus: Sesamum

Species:

S. indicum

Content• Introduction• Scientific classification• Major growing areas• Ecological requirement• Morphology• Varieties• Management practices• Pest and diseases• Uses• Advantages of growing sesame• Constraints
















Kingdom:

Plantae

(unranked):

Angiosperms

(unranked):

Eudicots

(unranked):

Asterids

Order: Lamiales

Family: Pedaliaceae

Genus: Sesamum

Species:

S. indicum

Introduction• Queen of oil seeds• Contain approximately 50% oil and 25% protein.• One of the oldest cultivated plants in the world.• Sesame oil contains about 47% oleic and 39% linoleic acid.
















Kingdom:

Plantae

(unranked):

Angiosperms

(unranked):

Eudicots

(unranked):

Asterids

Order: Lamiales

Family: Pedaliaceae

Genus: Sesamum

Species:

S. indicum

• Most of wild species of the genus Sesamum are native to Africa south of the Saharan• Sesame is grown in many parts of the world on over 5 million acres (20,000 km2)• The largest producers of the crop in 2007 were India, China, Myanmar, Sudan, Ethiopia, Uganda and Nigeria • 70% -Grown in Asia• 26% -Grown in Africa
















Kingdom:

Plantae

(unranked):

Angiosperms

(unranked):

Eudicots

(unranked):

Asterids

Order: Lamiales

Family: Pedaliaceae

Genus: Sesamum

Species:

S. indicum

Scientific Classification

Kingdom : Plantae

Order : Lamiales

Family : Pedaliaceae

Genus : Sesamum

Species : S.indicum
















Kingdom:

Plantae

(unranked):

Angiosperms

(unranked):

Eudicots

(unranked):

Asterids

Order: Lamiales

Family: Pedaliaceae

Genus: Sesamum

Species:

S. indicum

In the world;• China• India • Pakistan

In Sri Lanka;• Jaffna• Anuradhapura• Pollonnaruwa• Wavniya

Major Growing Areas
















Kingdom:

Plantae

(unranked):

Angiosperms

(unranked):

Eudicots

(unranked):

Asterids

Order: Lamiales

Family: Pedaliaceae

Genus: Sesamum

Species:

S. indicum

Ecological Requirement

• Rainfall – A early stage 500mm-600mm Can cultivate in both;

YalaMaha

• Soil condition – Well drain; Sandy loam soil• T range of 25 - 27 0 C encourages rapid germination initial growth and flower formation
















Kingdom:

Plantae

(unranked):

Angiosperms

(unranked):

Eudicots

(unranked):

Asterids

Order: Lamiales

Family: Pedaliaceae

Genus: Sesamum

Species:

S. indicum

Morphology• Broadleaf plant • An annual plant growing to 50 to 100 cm tallFlowers

White to purple, tubular, 3 to 5 cm long, with a four-lobed mouth

Fruit Deeply grooved capsule that contains 50 to 50 to 100 or more seeds
















Kingdom:

Plantae

(unranked):

Angiosperms

(unranked):

Eudicots

(unranked):

Asterids

Order: Lamiales

Family: Pedaliaceae

Genus: Sesamum

Species:

S. indicum

Root Tap root systemLeavesVaried shapes, either oval or lanciolate and fluffy on both sidesSeed • Capsules are 1 to 1 1/2 inches long, with 8 rows of seeds in each capsule• Seeds are small and vary in color.• Lighter colored seeds are considered higher higher quality
















Kingdom:

Plantae

(unranked):

Angiosperms

(unranked):

Eudicots

(unranked):

Asterids

Order: Lamiales

Family: Pedaliaceae

Genus: Sesamum

Species:

S. indicum

VarietiesVariety Colour of seed Oil content Maturation

period

MI 1 Black 45% 85 days

MI 2 Black 45% 85 days

MI 3 White 48-49% 80-85 days
















Kingdom:

Plantae

(unranked):

Angiosperms

(unranked):

Eudicots

(unranked):

Asterids

Order: Lamiales

Family: Pedaliaceae

Genus: Sesamum

Species:

S. indicum

Variety of Colour of seed

Maturation period

Harvest

Uma White 70-75 days 700kg/ha

Malee Brown 80-85 days 650kg/ha

Other Varieties
















Kingdom:

Plantae

(unranked):

Angiosperms

(unranked):

Eudicots

(unranked):

Asterids

Order: Lamiales

Family: Pedaliaceae

Genus: Sesamum

Species:

S. indicum

Land preparation• Sesame seeds are very small and sensitive to tilth of the soil • Should be weed free and well leveled for sowing
















Kingdom:

Plantae

(unranked):

Angiosperms

(unranked):

Eudicots

(unranked):

Asterids

Order: Lamiales

Family: Pedaliaceae

Genus: Sesamum

Species:

S. indicum

Thinned outWhen plants having 3-4 leaves

Fertilizing

Management Practices

Kg/ha Urea TSP MOP

Basal dressing

50 120 60

Top dressing

60 - -
















Kingdom:

Plantae

(unranked):

Angiosperms

(unranked):

Eudicots

(unranked):

Asterids

Order: Lamiales

Family: Pedaliaceae

Genus: Sesamum

Species:

S. indicum

Weed Control

• Within 1st month of planting• Weeding-after 2weeks of planting• Remove/thin out excess plants• After 4weeks again can do weeding

Mulching in sesame cultivation
















Kingdom:

Plantae

(unranked):

Angiosperms

(unranked):

Eudicots

(unranked):

Asterids

Order: Lamiales

Family: Pedaliaceae

Genus: Sesamum

Species:

S. indicum

• Mature between 3-4 months• Bottom seeds ripening first• Capsules shattering to shed their seeds is a problem in harvesting• Plants are cut to a height of 10-15 cm or uprooted before capsules are fully ripened

Harvesting
















Kingdom:

Plantae

(unranked):

Angiosperms

(unranked):

Eudicots

(unranked):

Asterids

Order: Lamiales

Family: Pedaliaceae

Genus: Sesamum

Species:

S. indicum

The optimum time for harvesting is when:

• The first, lowest capsules turn brown and begin to pop open• The stem turns yellow• The leaves begin to fall off• Blossoming has finished• The leaves have turned yellow
















Kingdom:

Plantae

(unranked):

Angiosperms

(unranked):

Eudicots

(unranked):

Asterids

Order: Lamiales

Family: Pedaliaceae

Genus: Sesamum

Species:

S. indicum

Processing• To prevent sand been mixed spread the seeds on magal or polythene• Remove the separated seeds and clean them and store them
















Kingdom:

Plantae

(unranked):

Angiosperms

(unranked):

Eudicots

(unranked):

Asterids

Order: Lamiales

Family: Pedaliaceae

Genus: Sesamum

Species:

S. indicum

Major Problem• About 99% of the Gingelly grown in the world is harvested manually • Because the capsules shatter when they dry down• Gingelly pods that open and the seed fall down
















Kingdom:

Plantae

(unranked):

Angiosperms

(unranked):

Eudicots

(unranked):

Asterids

Order: Lamiales

Family: Pedaliaceae

Genus: Sesamum

Species:

S. indicum

Further more……Crop duration80-85 days

Seed rateBroadcasting – 7kg/haRow seeding – 5kg/ha

Time of plantingYala season – Mid March- Early AprilMaha season – At early October

Seeding and spacingSpace between two rows – 30cmSpace between two plants – 15 cm
















Kingdom:

Plantae

(unranked):

Angiosperms

(unranked):

Eudicots

(unranked):

Asterids

Order: Lamiales

Family: Pedaliaceae

Genus: Sesamum

Species:

S. indicum

Major Pests in Gingelly

• Sesame gall midge (Asphondylia sesami)

• Spider mites (Tetranychus spp.)

• Whiteflies (Bemisia tabaci)

• Cut worm (Agrotia spp.)

• Aphids
















Kingdom:

Plantae

(unranked):

Angiosperms

(unranked):

Eudicots

(unranked):

Asterids

Order: Lamiales

Family: Pedaliaceae

Genus: Sesamum

Species:

S. indicum

Other Pests• Devil grasshopper (Diabolocatantops axillaries)

• Army worm (Helicoverpa fletcheri)

• Green stink bug (Nezara viridula)

• Bean weevil (Callosobruchus analis)

• Sesame webworm (Antigastra catalaunalis)

• Sesame flea beetle (Alocypha bimaculata)
















Kingdom:

Plantae

(unranked):

Angiosperms

(unranked):

Eudicots

(unranked):

Asterids

Order: Lamiales

Family: Pedaliaceae

Genus: Sesamum

Species:

S. indicum

Major Diseases in Gingelly

• Leaf spot (Pseudomonas syringe)

•Fusarium wilt (Fusarium oxysporum)
















Kingdom:

Plantae

(unranked):

Angiosperms

(unranked):

Eudicots

(unranked):

Asterids

Order: Lamiales

Family: Pedaliaceae

Genus: Sesamum

Species:

S. indicum

• Charcoal rot (Macrophomina phaseolina)

• Powdery mildew (Oidium crysiphoides & Sphaerotheca fuluginea)

• Blight or Black shank (Phytopthora nicolianae)
















Kingdom:

Plantae

(unranked):

Angiosperms

(unranked):

Eudicots

(unranked):

Asterids

Order: Lamiales

Family: Pedaliaceae

Genus: Sesamum

Species:

S. indicum

Advantages Of Growing Sesame• An adaptable crop grown in arid/semi-arid regions

• Offers more potential return for less cost than other crops

• Can be more profitable with limited resources than other crops using the same level of resources

• Excellent drought and heat tolerance
















Kingdom:

Plantae

(unranked):

Angiosperms

(unranked):

Eudicots

(unranked):

Asterids

Order: Lamiales

Family: Pedaliaceae

Genus: Sesamum

Species:

S. indicum

• Has shown excellent disease and insect tolerance

• Grows well in no-till and results in mellow soil with residue that allows uniform planting
















Kingdom:

Plantae

(unranked):

Angiosperms

(unranked):

Eudicots

(unranked):

Asterids

Order: Lamiales

Family: Pedaliaceae

Genus: Sesamum

Species:

S. indicum

Uses Confectioneries and other food items
















Kingdom:

Plantae

(unranked):

Angiosperms

(unranked):

Eudicots

(unranked):

Asterids

Order: Lamiales

Family: Pedaliaceae

Genus: Sesamum

Species:

S. indicum

• Vegetable oil

• Body massage

• Hair treatment

• Drug manufacturing

• Agrochemical manufacturing

• Soap manufacturing

• Worship
















Kingdom:

Plantae

(unranked):

Angiosperms

(unranked):

Eudicots

(unranked):

Asterids

Order: Lamiales

Family: Pedaliaceae

Genus: Sesamum

Species:

S. indicum

Constraints in Gingelly Cultivation

• Cultivation of low yielding dehiscent varieties with low harvest index values• Significant yield loss during threshing• Lack of agricultural inputs, improved varieties• Lack of appropriate storage facilities
















Kingdom:

Plantae

(unranked):

Angiosperms

(unranked):

Eudicots

(unranked):

Asterids

Order: Lamiales

Family: Pedaliaceae

Genus: Sesamum

Species:

S. indicum

Group Members

• M.J.Infaz UWU/EAG/11/0020• R.A.D.S Rupasinghe UWU/EAG/11/0024• Y.S.M.M.P Yallarawa UWU/EAG/11/0029
















Kingdom:

Plantae

(unranked):

Angiosperms

(unranked):

Eudicots

(unranked):

Asterids

Order: Lamiales

Family: Pedaliaceae

Genus: Sesamum

Species:

S. indicum

THANK YOU!















Date post:	23-Jun-2015
Category:	Food
Upload:	dulminie-nanayakkara
View:	115 times
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Gingelly

Food