Giorgio Vasari. The Art of Painting. 1542.fresco.

Canali Photobank, Milan, Italy. [Fig. 11-1]

Artemisia Gentileschi. Self-Portrait as the Allegory of Painting. 1630.Oil on canvas. 35-1/4 × 29 in.

© 2012 Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II. Photo by A. C. Cooper Ltd. [Fig. 11-2]

Mummy Portrait of a Man. Faiyum, Egypt, c. 160–170 CE.Encaustic on wood. 14 × 18 in.

Charles Clifton Fund, 1938. [Fig. 11-3]

Still Life with Eggs and Thrushes. Villa of Julia Felix, Pompeii, before 79 CE.

Fresco. 35 × 48 in.Scala / Art Resource, NY. [Fig. 11-4]

Bodhisattva, detail of a fresco wall painting in Cave I, Ajanta, Maharashtra, India.

c. 475 CE.Fresco.

Dinodia Photo LLP. [Fig. 11-5]

Giotto. Lamentation. c. 1305.Fresco. approximately 70 × 78 in.

Canali Photobank, Milan, Italy. [Fig. 11-6]

Fra Andrea Pozzo. The Glorification of Saint Ignatius. 1691–94.Ceiling fresco. approximately 56 × 115 ft.

Scala / Art Resource, NY. [Fig. 11-7]

Giotto. Madonna and Child Enthroned. c. 1310.Tempera on panel. 10 ft. 8 in. × 6 ft. 8-1/4 in.

Alinari/Art Resource. [Fig. 11-8]

Michelangelo Buonarroti. Studies for the Libyan Sibyl. c. 1510.Red chalk on paper. 11-3/8 × 8- 7/16 in.

Image copyright © The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Image source: Art Resource, NY. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY, U.S.A., Purchase, Joseph Pulitzer Bequest, 1924. (24.197.2). [Fig. 11-9]

Michelangelo Buonarroti. The Libyan Sibyl. 1511–12.Fresco.

A. Bracchetti/P. Zigrossi/IKONA. [Fig. 11-10]

Sandro Botticelli. Primavera. c. 1482.Tempera on a gesso ground on poplar panel. 80 × 123-1/4 in.

Alfredo Dagli Orti / The Art Archive at Art Resource, NY. [Fig. 11-11]

Julie Green. Don’t Name Fish after Friends. 1999–2009.Egg tempera on panel. 24 × 18 in.

Courtesty of the artist. [Fig. 11-12]

Diagram of a section of a fifteenth-century oil painting demonstrating the luminosity of the medium.

Line art.[Fig. 11-13]

Workshop of the Master of Flémalle (probably Robert Campin). The Annunciation (The Mérode Altarpiece). c. 1425–30.

Oil on wood, triptych. central panel: 25-1/4 × 24-7/8 in.; each wing: 25-3/8 × 10-3/4 in.

The Cloisters Collection, 1956 (56.70). The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY, U.S.A. Image copyright © The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Image

source: Art Resource, NY YES. [Fig. 11-14]

The Master of Flémalle (probably Robert Campin). The Annunciation (The Mérode Altarpiece), detail. c. 1425–30.

Oil on wood, triptych. central panel: 25-1/4 × 24-7/8 in.; each wing: 25-3/8 × 10-3/4 in.

Image copyright © The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Image source: Art Resource, NY. The Cloisters Collection, 1956 (56.70). The Metropolitan

Museum of Art, New York, NY, U.S.A. [Fig. 11-15]

Jan de Heem. Still Life with Lobster. late 1640s.Oil on canvas. 25-1/8 × 33-1/4 in.

The Toledo Museum of Art (Toledo, Ohio.) Purchased with funds from the Libbey Endowment, Gift of Edward Drummond Libbey, 1952.25. [Fig. 11-16]

Antonio López García. New Refrigerator. 1991–94.Oil on canvas. 94-1/2 × 74-13/16 in.

Collection of the Artist. Photograph © Unidad Movil U & M Fotografia Especializada. [Fig. 11-17]

Pat Passlof. Dancing Shoes. 1998.Oil on linen. 80 × 132 in.

Courtesy of the artist and Elizabeth Harris Gallery. [Fig. 11-18]

Milton Resnick’s U + Me in progress (left view). Left: July 25, 1995; right: July 26, 1995.

Henry M. Sayre. [Fig. 11-19a]

Milton Resnick’s U + Me in progress (right view). Left: July 25, 1995; right: July 26, 1995.

Henry M. Sayre. [Fig. 11-19b]

Milton Resnick. U + Me. 1995.Oil on canvas. 93-1/4 × 104-1/2 in.

© Milton Resnick. Courtesy ofCheim and Reid. [Fig. 11-20]

Xu Wei. Grapes. Ming dynasty, c. 1580–93.Hanging scroll, ink on paper. 65-1/4 × 25-3/8 in.

Palace Museum, Beijing. Collection of The Palace Museum, Beijing. [Fig. 11-21]

Winslow Homer. A Wall, Nassau. 1898.Watercolor and pencil on paper. 14-3/4 × 21-1/2 in.

Image copyright © The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Image source: Art Resource, NY. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY, U.S.A., Amelia

B. Lazarus Fund, 1910 (10.228.90). [Fig. 11-22]

Per Kirkeby. Untitled (The Blue Sea). 2006.Watercolor and charcoal on paper. 11-1/4 × 8-1/4 in.

Smithsonian American Art Museum, Washington, DC / Art Resource, NY. © 2012 The Estate of John Marin / Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York. [Fig.

11-23]

Jacob Lawrence. You can buy bootleg whiskey for twenty-five cents a quart, from the Harlem Series. 1942-43.

Gouache on paper. 15-1/2 × 22-1/2 in.© 2012 The Jacob and Gwendolyn Lawrence Foundation, Seattle/Artists Rights

Society (ARS), New York. Portland Art Museum, Portland, Oregon, Helen Thurston Ayer Fund. [Fig. 11-24]

Helen Frankenthaler. The Bay. 1963.Acrylic on canvas. 6 ft. 8-3/4 in × 6 ft. 9-1/2 in.

Detroit Institute of Arts, USA / Founders Society Purchase, Dr & Mrs Hilbert H. DeLawter Fund / The Bridgeman Art Library. © 2012 Helen Frankenthaler / Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York. [Fig. 11-25]

Judith F. Baca. The Great Wall of Los Angeles, detail, Division of the Barrios and Chavez Ravine. 1976–continuing.

Mural. height 13 ft. (whole mural more than 1 mile long).Courtesy of the artist. Photo © SPARC, Venice, CA. [Fig. 11-26]

Kenny Scharf. Mural on Houston Street, Soho, Manhattan, New York. 5/31/2011.Mural.

© Michel Setboun/Corbis. [Fig. 11-27]

Juan Gris. The Table. 1914.Colored papers, printed matter, charcoal on paper mounted on canvas.

23-1/2 × 17-1/2 in.The Philadelphia Museum of Art / Art Resource, NY. [Fig. 11-28]

Romare Bearden. The Dove. 1964.Cut-and-pasted paper, gouache, pencil, and colored pencil on cardboard.

13-3/8 × 18-3/4 in.Digital Image © The Museum of Modern Art/Licensed by SCALA / Art Resource, NY. Art © Romare Bearden Foundation/Licensed by VAGA, NY. Art © Romare

Bearden Foundation/Licensed by VAGA, New York, NY. [Fig. 11-29]

Hannah Höch. Study for Collage “Cut with the Kitchen Knife Dada through the Last Weimar Beer Belly Cultural Epoch of Germany”. 1919.Ballpoint pen sketch on white board. 10-5/8 × 8-5/8 in.

bpk, Berlin/Staatliche Museen zu Berlin, Preussischer Kulturbesitz Nationalgalerie/Jorg R. Anders/Art Resource, NY. © 2012 Artists Rights

Society (ARS), New York/VG Bild-Kunst, Bonn. [Fig. 11-30]

Hannah Höch. Cut with the Kitchen Knife Dada through the Last Weimar Beer Belly Cultural Epoch of Germany. 1919.

Collage. 44-7/8 × 35-7/16 in.bpk, Berlin/Kulturbesitz, Nationalgalerie/Jorg R. Anders/Art Resource, NY. © 2012 Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York/VG Bild-Kunst, Bonn. [Fig.

11-31]

Patricia Patterson. The Kitchen. 1985.Table, chairs, mantel, objects, floor tiles, and casein on canvas painting.

painting: 60 × 107 in; overall dimensions vary with each installation(as illustrated: 80 × 144 × 180 in.).

Museum of Contemporary Art, San Diego. Museum Purchase, 90:11.1–43. © 1985 Patricia Patterson. [Fig. 11-32]

Kara Walker. Insurrection! (Our Tools Were Rudimentary, Yet We Pressed On), (installation view 1 of 2). 2000.

Cut paper silhouettes and light projections, site-specific dimensions.Dimensions vary with installation. One of many views. Purchased with funds contributed by the International Director's Council and Executive Committee Members, 2000. Photo by Ellen Labenski ©Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, New

York. Courtesy of the artist and Sikkema Jenkins & Co. [Fig. 11-33]

Kara Walker. Insurrection! (Our Tools Were Rudimentary, Yet We Pressed On), (installation view 2 of 2). 2000.

Cut paper silhouettes and light projections, site-specific dimensions.Dimensions vary with installation. One of many views. Purchased with funds contributed by the International Director's Council and Executive Committee

Members, 2000. Photo: Ellen Labenski © The Solomon R. Guggenheim Foundation, New York 2000.68. Courtesy of the artist and Sikkema Jenkins &

Co. [Fig. 11-34]

Robert Rauschenberg. Monogram. 1955–59.Freestanding combine: oil, fabric, wood, on canvas and wood, rubber heel, tennis ball, metal plaque, hardware, stuffed Angora goat, rubber tire,

mounted on four wheels.42 × 63-1/4 × 64-1/2 in.

Art © Estate of Robert Rauschenberg/Licensed by VAGA, New York, NY. [Fig. 11-35]

Robert Rauschenberg. Monogram, First State. Photo: Harry Shunk. Art © Estate of Robert Rauschenberg/Licensed by VAGA,

New York, NY. [Fig. 11-36]

Franz Ackermann. Coming Home and (Meet Me) At the Waterfall. 2009.Acrylic on wall. dimensions variable.

© Erich Schlegel/Corbis. Courtesy of the artist and White Cube. [Fig. 11-37]

Fred Tomaselli. Airborne Event. 2003.Mixed media, acrylic, and resin on wood. 84 × 60 × 1-1/2 in.Image Courtesy of James Cohan Gallery, New York. [Fig. 11-38]