1

Giornale – Newspaper – Zeitung N. 06 August 2014

Not only sale, but most of all after sales “assistance always”

Being in touch with our

own partners and customers,

even if we are thousands Km

away, this is one Motto of TC2

during our daily working routine.

Tecnidea Cidue – TC2 –

has reliable and skilled distribu-

tors with whom we created a

sales-network that covers the

most important markets of the

world.

TC2 offers an excellent

customer service and the new

catalogues are real scientific

manuals. Manufacturers should

no longer be worried about cal-

culating and designing their own

machines, as they are supported

step by step by our commercial

and technical departments.

With TC2’s cata-

logues we join hands with you,

we introduce and guide with

precise calculation manuals

and clear assembling instruc-

tions. Where new applications

come out or row conditions

appear, customers can easily

contact one of our distributors

or TC2 directly; our technical

staff is ready and prepared to

suggest and find possible solu-

tions for new projects.

TC2 provides technical

and commercial information in

Italian – English – German –

French _ Chinese and on re-

quest i other languages.

2

Concerning VIB oscillating mountings and

anti-vibrating devices, we provide calculation

formula and application examples that help de-

signers and technicians in their choices. VIB cata-

logue shows not only technical data of the prod-

ucts we manufacture, but also a vibration me-

chanical theory and a system to find the best

way to use, control, ride and take advantage of

vibrations for everyone’s own different needs.

3

Concerning the chain and

belt tighteners, TC2 offers the hugest

range at worldwide level with

unique solutions in its sort, more of

them patented.

Tecnidea Cidue to help the

customers to choose the more suit-

able product shown in its cata-

logues, has conceived an instrument

as useful as easy to read: the kit se-

lection tables. It is necessary to know

the pitch of the chain and for the

other things you have just to follow

the instructions (in the particular

cases we advise always to ask us for

a technical advice).

The new VOLUME 1 of

Tecnidea Cidue is a concentrated

of technical and commercial in-

formation concerning the tension-

ing that no one have before real-

ized. In additional to the new in-

novative products made by TC2,

that we will widely deepen in the

next newspapers, in the catalogue

you can find:

- presentation of the company;

- certification and quality;

- products and technology;

- grid of the products divided

for category, use and working;

- manual of calculation for au-

tomatic axial tensioners and au-

tomatic rotation tensioners;

- specific descriptions;

- product overviews;

- practical assembly instructions

of TC2 products;

- clear and utile kit selection

tables;

- an high number of in-

depth analysis, innova-

tive solutions and many

application technical in-

formation.

- graphics;

- application examples.

Do not hesitate to ask

to Your supplier our updated

catalogues or discharge easi-

ly them by our web site.

Dott. Giorgio Canova

TECNIDEA CIDUE SRL

www.tecnideacidue.com

sales@tecnideacidue.com

4

THE CHAIN. PART III. 3KD MULTDIRECTIONAL CHAIN.

The 3KD chain is one of the patent of TECNIDEA CIDUE S.r.l., but before describ-

ing the characteristics of this article and before giving technical datum is neces-

sary doing a small panorama about chain transmissions and limitations of their

use.

Transmission (Picture 6):

The traditional chains could work exclusively in

one plane.

For this reason, in the case of motorizations with

axes not perpendicular to the work plane of the

chain, is necessary using devices that could al-

low such motorizations, such as orthogonal

transmission units, bevel gear pairs, reduction

gears, and derivative shafts to transmit the mo-

tion to other machine members.

Then the inconvenient of the known chains is ba-

sically constituted by not being able to reach in

the space any other machine members, what-

ever its orientation is.

If there are machine members disposed on dif-

ferent planes, it will be necessary the presence of

one chain for every motion plane, one shaft, one

support and one derivation of movement on the

plane where the chain is.

Transport (Picture 7):

The transport could be realised only with chains

endowed by increased clearance between the

components that constitute them (plaques, pins,

bushes, rolls) in a way that, in the plane where

they are disposed, these chains could assume a

curve trajectory and then connect also machine

members not disposed in the same direction,

even if bound in special guides.

Anyhow the curves that these chains could do,

allow connecting machine members that lie on

different directions, but anyway arranged at

close distances and at the expense of the per-

formance of the transmission and of its duration.

In fact the major relative clearance between the

various elements of the chain arises very high fric-

tions between the internal and external plaques,

both between the chain itself and the sliding

guides.

Naturally, also in that case, in the same way of

the chains used for the transmission, it is possible

to develop the handling only in a single plane.

Finality:

The main purpose of the multidirectional chain 3KD is that of overcome the limitations in the applica-

tion of traditional chains, making available to the customers a transmission device or interlocking flex-

ible transportation device that can bend in any direction in space.

Fig. 6

Fig. 7

5

Structure.

3KD can achieve the finality thanks to its structure; it consists of a series of concatenated elements

aligned to each other, each one connected to adjoining elements by hinges and it is therefore able

to turn around the axes of these hinges (each axes is crooked with regards to its two nearest axes).

The components used for the assembly of 3KD are:

- Grid - Bushings - Rollers - Pivots - Washers

As it can be seen, the features of the product in question are not very different from those used and

previously seen for the traditional chains; what is different is their shape and degree of freedom in

remaining unrestrained after their assembly.

The resulting structure is an interlocking device formed by a series of aligned concatenation parts,

each of which is connected to nearby parts by hinges and can rotate around the axes of these

hinges.

Grid.

The 3KD grids are all identical to each other, they are made of C65 steel and they are built with pre-

cision casting process. The use of the C65 steel gives to the element a high resistance to the break-

ing, both static and to fatigue.

Each grid (Picture 8) is made up by a body with almost a first through hole “a” and al-

most a projecting part with two second coaxial though holes “b” with crooked axe with

regards to the axe of the first hole, these holes have the purpose to hold the articulation

pins of the hinges.

Fig. 8

As said, the grid are made with a precision casting process, that is an investment casting process.

Many are the advantages of the investment casting. Particularly we remind You:

HUGE CHOISE OF MATERIALS: it is possible to obtain castings in all the type of steels, carbon

steel, alloy steel, structural steel, tool steel, stainless steel, etc.. Moreover it is possible to casted

special alloys, nickel or cobalt base.

GOOD LEVEL OF DETAIL: The investment casting process allow to obtain particularly tight di-

mensional tolerances. Generally the best tolerance field that can be obtained in the micro

object is contained in the class of +/- 0,5% of the nominal dimension, with a minimum of +/- 0,1

mm for the lower quotas to 15 mm.

HIGH QUALITY OF THE LIQUEFIED META: because of its regular homogeneity.

Bushings, Rollers, Pivots and Washers.

The bushings, the rollers and the pivots are made of an alloy of Ni, Cr and Mo and their forming is

the same to the methods used for the standard chains.

The bushings (Picture 9) are made by cold extrusion and in some cases (see 3KD-A2)

they are turned in order to have the right interference between the diameter of the

same bushing and the one of the holes of the link.

Fig. 9

6

Rollers.

The rollers (Picture 10) can be made in different manners:

by cold extrusion;

by drawing;

by winding;

by turn or parting by tube.

Picture 10

They are made in order to have the adequate features to have a good resistance to the wear and

to the breaking for fatigue.

Pivots.

The pivots used in the multidirectional chain have the same diameter to the ones used in the

standard chains.

They have such mechanical features that grant a high traction resistance.

The washers are elements apt to allow the closure of the chain permitting the relative movements

of the elements (rollers) of mesh.

Moreover, they have the function to keep inside the chain the lubricant, that, at the moment of

the change of direction, for the centrifuge force, it would be inclined to go out by the same.

Herewith we report an overview of the in question transmission device and of its constituent ele-

ments:

Picture 11

3KD (picture 11) is a device for transmission and interlocking flexible transportation.

It can be used, for example, to transmit motion between components of mechanical devices; in

the simplest of cases it can enable the transmission between the gear shrunk-on the motor shaft

and the corresponding gear fitted on the driven shaft.

7

Breaking load.

As the following table shows, the multidirectional chain can support, of course equal to the diameters

of the pivots, greater loads than a standard chain with the same pivot diameter.

Transmission:

Standard chain Breaking load Pivot diameter 3KD Breaking load

05-B1 4600 [N] 2,31 [mm] 3KD-A1 5560 [N]

06-B1 9100 [N] 3,28 [mm] 3KD-A2 11000 [N]

081 8200 [N] 3,66 [mm] 3KD-A3 9915 [N]

08-B1 18200 [N] 4,45 [mm] 3KD-A4 22000 [N]

12-B1 29500 [N] 5,72 [mm] 3KD-A5 35660 [N]

Transportation:

Standard chain Breaking load Pivot diameter 3KD Breaking load

06-B1 9100 [N] 3,28 [mm] 3KD-B1 11000 [N]

08-B1 18200 [N] 4,45 [mm] 3KD-B2 22000 [N]

10-B1 22700 [N] 5,08 [mm] 3KD-B3 27440 [N]

12-B1 29500 [N] 5,72 [mm] 3KD-B4 35660 [N]

16-B1 58000 [N] 8,28 [mm] 3KD-B5 70000 [N]

This greater resistance to traction is closely linked to the structure of the 3KD chain; while standard chains

basically have two points on which the whole load can be placed, with a multidirectional chain the

load is distributed over three points, thereby allowing greater shear strength and consequently enabling

the chain to work with decidedly greater loads than traditional chains.

Lubrication.

An especially interesting feature of this chain is the method used to lubricate its

constituent elements so that it always has the right characteristics for ade-

quate motion transmission. First of all it should be underlined that each seg-

ment of chain are placed in an oil bath immediately after being assembled

(Picture 12), that allows to lubricate to be directly in touch with all the compo-

nents. As a result of the structure, while the chain is moving the lubricant only

acts in one direction and only lubricates the pivots, bushings and rollers work-

ing on the toothed wheels; when the direction is subsequently changed, the

lubricant re-enters the grid and lubricates the pivots, bushings and rollers that

start working on the new gear pair positioned in the direction of chain move-

ment.

A fundamental role is played by the recess inside the grid “c” (picture 13)

which is used to collect lubricant liquid, and the positioning of the washers,

which close the chain and stop the lubricant from seeping out, grant a suita-

ble lubrication and together they guarantee both the achievement

of top speed and a long life for the transmission. 3KD offers an

interesting advantage here compared to standard chains, as

the lubrication of the multidirectional chain is guaranteed for a

long time without requiring any special outside intervention,

while periodical intervention is needed with traditional chains

to maintain an acceptable level of lubrication and make the

transmission work properly.

Fig.13

8

Mechanical features.

In the way that it is designed, the chain has the big value of rais-

ing the concept of mechanical transmission from the two-

dimensional to the three-dimensional. Indeed, designers can

use this chain to indulge their imagination by planning machines

of any shape and size; it will no longer be necessary to use de-

vices to move the transmission to another level (for example

with angle transmissions).

The 3KD structure includes interlocking on the toothed wheel of

the rollers outside the grid, meaning that only two sets of rollers

work at a time while the other two sets, which are positioned

perpendicular to them, are activated when there is a change in

direction. Another important feature is that this type of chain

does not require special toothed wheels; it was designed to use

standard triple pinions without central teeth or a simple pinion

with a welded crown ring to the expected quota.

Used materials.

Steel 18 Ni Cr Mo 5:

It is a casehardening steel, according the rule UNI its name is Steel 18 Ni Cr Mo 5, it belongs to the

second group and it is weakly alloyed.

It is used for the building of rules, bushings, pivots and washers.

It is a steel with good mechanical properties and it is suitable for casehardening heat-treatments,

that is, diffusion heat-treatments of a casehardened element inside the structure of the steel, that to

increase the surface hardness. Normally the more used casehardening means is the Carbon (C).

Casehardenings that use Azote are called nitriding.

This steel has, inside, a percentage of carbon of about 0,18%.

The mechanical features are:

E = elasticity modulus = 23000 [N/(mm2)];

s = breaking load = 980 [N/(mm2)].

Other interesting information referred to this steel are the following:

Deformation to high temperatures: 900°C 1100°C;

Casehardening treatment: 870°C 900°C;

Internal quenching: 840°C 870°C;

Surface quenching: 800°C 830°C;

Heat reduction: in oil thermal bath.

The casehardening is a heat-treatment to which are subjected some metals in order to create a pro-

tective surface coat on the product that must be treated.

This treatment implies a notable increase of the hardness of the material.

9

Hardened and tempered steel C65:

Steel with 0,6% of carbon, high mechanical features, yield and breaking load:

It is used for the construction of the links.

σsn= 580 [MPa];

σr= 900 [MPa].

It is applied a hardening and tempering treatment to increase the mechanical resistance features of

the material. The hardening and tempering is a heat-treatment to which are subjected the alloy

metals and, particularly, the steels.

It consist of subjected the pieces to a quenching followed by a tempering.

The purpose is that the metal acquires a fine grain crystalline structure, matched with good features

of hardness and toughness.

The quenching consists of a heating followed by a quickly heat reduction.

The tempering is, instead, a partial heating to improve the fragility given to the piece by the quench-

ing treatment.

Available sizes.

For our customers, TECNIDEA CIDUE provides various sizes of chains characterized by the pitches of a

standard chain, that is the distance between the axes of two consecutive rollers placed on the same

plane.

The distance covered by the production of multi-chain

concerning the transmission are:

3/8” → 9,525 [mm];

1/2” → 12,7 [mm];

5/8” → 15,875 [mm];

3/4” → 19,05 [mm];

1” → 25,4 [mm].

concerning the transport chains:

3/4” → 19,05 [mm];

1” → 25,4 [mm];

1 1/4” → 31,75 [mm];

1 1/2” → 38,1 [mm];

2” → 50,8 [mm].

Another very important aspect of this chain is relative to the features of the pinions required for a cor-

rect transmission of motion.

These are of standard dimensions, in fact or using triple sprockets with the inner crown or lathed using

a simple pinion welded to a crown, in this last case, the distance between the two sets of teeth will

vary according to the size of the chain.

This aspect is very important as it enables the final user of the chain to have elements already present

on the market, then will enjoy a multidirectional chain using standard elements limiting the best costs.

10

Choice of the chain, diagrams of power.

As for the standard chains, also for 3KD chain is possible to obtein by graphics the application fields

(Picture 14 and picture 15) of the multidirectional chain:

DIAGRAMMA DI POTENZA (3KD-A)

3,15

0,16

0,125

0,11

,6

1,2

5

2,0

2,5

5,0

3,1

5

4,0

6,3

8,0

0,63

1,25

0,315

0,25

0,8

0,2

0,5

0,4

1,6

1,0

2,0

2,5

50,0

12,5

6,3

4,0

5,0

8,0

10,0

25,0

16,0

20,0

31,5

40,0

P [kW]

100,0

63,0

80,0

125,0

10

0,0

31

,5

16

,0

12

,5

10

,0

25

,0

20

,0

50

,0

40

,0

80

,0

63

,0

31

5,0

16

0,0

12

5,0

25

0,0

20

0,0

63

0,0

50

0,0

40

0,0

1000,0

80

0,0

3KD-A

43KD-A

5

3KD-A

3

3KD-A

2

3KD-A

1

n

[giri/min]

2000,0

1600,0

1250,0

3150,0

2500,0

6300,0

5000,0

4000,0

8000,0

Fig. 14

Example:

To active a conveyor belt is necessary to practice a torque equal to:

140Mt [Nm]

The connection must be realized by a transmission chain with:

28z1 [denti]

57z2 [denti]

Procedure:

Decrease ratio: i = 2

Number of rotation used:

45i

nN 1 [giri/min]

con n1 = 90 [giri/min]

Necessary power:

66,09550

45140

9550

NMP t

[kW]

Power by diagram:

67,0f

fPP

i

1D [kW]

It must be used a multidirectional 3KD-A4 chain.

Fig. 15

11

3KD-B

5

3KD-B

3

3KD-B

2

10

0,0

0,125

0,1

0,16

2,0

1,6

1,2

5

2,5

3,1

5

6,3

4,0

5,0

10

,0

8,0

31

,5

20

,0

16

,0

12

,5

25

,0

63

,0

50

,0

40

,0

80

,0

0,25

0,2

0,315

0,5

0,4

0,63

1,0

0,8

1,25

2,0

1,6

2,5

3KD-B

4

n

[giri/min]

1000,0

31

5,0

20

0,0

12

5,0

16

0,0

25

0,0

80

0,0

50

0,0

40

0,0

63

0,0

3150,0

2500,0

2000,0

1600,0

1250,0

6300,0

8000,0

4000,0

5000,0

3KD-B

1

DIAGRAMMA DI POTENZA (3KD-B)

50,0

4,0

3,15

5,0

8,0

6,3

10,0

25,0

16,0

12,5

20,0

31,5

40,0

P [kW]

100,0

63,0

80,0

125,0

12

Dimensions and technical data.

TRANSMISSION:

Code Description Pitch

[“]

Pitch

[mm]

P/2

[mm]

A

[mm]

B

[mm]

C

[mm]

D

[mm]

P

[mm]

R

[mm]

Breaking

load [N]

KD01010 3KD-A1 3/8 9.525 4.7625 6.6 11 22.6 27.5 2.31 6.35 5560

KD01020 3KD-A2 1/2 12.700 8.3500 10.0 15 30.5 37.0 3.28 8.51 11000

KD01030 3KD-A3 5/8 15.875 7.9375 12.5 18 37.0 44.0 3.66 10.16 9915

KD01040 3KD-A4 3/4 19.050 9.5250 14.0 20 42.6 50.5 4.45 12.07 22000

KD01050 3KD-A5 1 25.400 12.700 16.0 23 57.4 69.0 5.72 15.88 35660

TRANSPORT:

Code Description Pitch

[“]

Pitch

[mm]

P/2

[mm]

A

[mm]

B

[mm]

C

[mm]

D

[mm]

P

[mm]

R

[mm]

Breaking

load [N]

KD01110 3KD-B1 3/4 19,05 9,525 9,0 14,5 26,3 31,4 3,28 6,35 11000

KD01120 3KD-B2 1 25,40 12,700 14,0 20,0 35,5 43,0 4,45 8,51 22000

KD01130 3KD-B3 1 1/4 31,75 15,875 16,0 23,0 42,0 51,0 5,08 10,16 27440

KD01140 3KD-B4 1 1/2 38,10 19,050 18,5 26,5 49,1 59,0 5,72 12,07 35660

KD01150 3KD-B5 2 50,80 25,400 31,0 46,0 80,4 95,0 8,28 15,88 43960

13

Special articles, 3KD.

3KD CHAIN WITH PROTUNDING PIVOT:

With this kind of application it is possible to hook to the chain various separate accessories of many pitches as

the ones requested by the different applications.

Code Description Pitch P

[mm]

1/2 Pitch

P/2 [mm]

ruller (r)

[mm]

Pivot

[mm]

protunding

roller (R)

[mm]

Breaking

load [N]

KDS01000 3KD-B1 19,05 9,525 6,35 3,28 7,46 11000

KDS01001 3KD-B2 25,40 12,700 8,51 4,45 10,00 22000

KDS01002 3KD-B3 31,75 15,875 10,16 5,08 11,94 27440

KDS01003 3KD-B4 38,10 19,050 12,07 5,72 14,18 35660

KDS01004 3KD-B5 50,80 25,400 15,88 8,28 18,66 43960

Since it is a special product, the dimensions are indicative. Each application that will be subjected by the cus-

tomer to our technical office will be studied individually.

14

3KD CHAIN WITH PLATES (MINI-CONVEYER):

Code Description Pitch

[“]

Pitch

[mm]

P/2

[mm]

A

[mm]

B

[mm]

C

[mm]

D

[mm]

S

[mm]

Breaking

load [N]

KDS01010

3KD-A2

con plac-

chette

1/2 12.700 8.3500 10.0 15 9 5 1 11000

GUIDE FOR MULTIDIRECTION 3KD CHAIN:

15

Innovative mechanical engineering.

As one might expect, this mechanical innovation makes it possible to implement numerous solutions that were

previously unimaginable.

Designers can indulge their imagination with this multidirectional chain by constructing machines of any shape

or size (picture 17) and also design machines that are built vertically and systems with a suitable shape and size

to make the most of the available space in the plant, all without using any transfer units.

It is as if a technician could imagine himself inside the machine and design it around him.

The transmission created using 3KD can be used to work on several levels using only one piece of chain. The

following drawing and picture (drawing 11 and picture 16) highlight this feature by simulating a transmission on

two different surfaces:

Drawing 11 Picture 16

As it can be seen, motion occurs on the two different levels using 4 toothed wheels and without any transfer

device.

Picture 17

16

3KD is also a logistics solution.

In addition to the advantages listed thus far as the three-dimensional of the transmission, high qualitative level

and interesting economical ratio, the original solutions for innovative applications allow to 3KD (picture 18) to

solve also problems of a logistical nature.

These include all problems that can arise because of space restrictions inside a plant.

For example, imagine that a company with a production plant moves from an industrial building with X/Y

shape and size (picture 19); the owner will naturally need to find a solution that can provide enough space to

set up and accommodate his equipment and systems. This will restrict his choice and lead to the rejection of

certain solutions that would otherwise be advantageous (in terms of position or costs for example). Let’s con-

sider the following situation as an example:

Picture 19 Picture 18

The picture shows the confines of an industrial building that contains a straight plant using a standard chain

transmission (picture 19).

Imagine that one of the options for the new building is identical to the old one in terms of dimensions, but with

supporting columns inside (picture 20). Let’s see what would happen with a machine using a transmission with

3KD and with a standard chain:

standard

3KD

Fig. 20

Ing. Marco Canova

Dott. Giorgio Canova

TECNIDEA CIDUE SRL

Via Apollo XI, 12

37057 San Giovanni Lupatoto (Verona) - ITALY

TEL: +0039 045 8750250 FAX: +0039 0458750288

E-MAIL: sales@tecnideacidue.com

WEB SITE: www.tecnideacidue.com

It is possible to see immediately that with a 3KD

transmission the system could be moved into the

new industrial building easily without any problems.

On the other hand, with a standard chain the pres-

ence of the columns would present an obstacle and

the whole construction of the machine would need

to be modified with significantly higher costs