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A REVOLUTIONARY STRUCTURALSYSTEM FORMID AND HIGH-RISE RESIDENTIAL CONSTRUCTION.
DesignGuidev1.2
www.girder-slab.com
A revolutionary steel-basedframing system that offers low floor-to-floor height and unobstructed ceilings.
Developed by Girder-Slab Technologies LLC, theGirder-Slab System is a steel and precasthybrid, the first to use precast slabs with an integral steel girder to form a monolithic structural slab assembly.
This innovative technology uses proven materialslong available within the construction industry. TheGirder-Slab System is slated for use in mid to high-rise residential construction.
The lightweight assembly develops composite actionenabling it to support residential live loads.
A special steel beam is used as an interior girdersupporting the precast slab on its bottom flange. Theweb and top flange are concealed within the plane of theslab. The flat structural slab permits minimum and variable floor-to-floor heights.
The Girder-Slab System is rated for use in high-risebuildings when constructed in accordance withUnderwriters Laboratories Inc. Floor-Ceiling Design K912.
COMPOSITE STEEL AND PRECAST SYSTEM
The Girder-Slab System in combination with a structural steel frame offers a complete steel and concrete superstructure. Unlike cast-in-place concrete structures, the Girder-Slab System isAssembled-In-Place.
The Girder-Slab System consists of an interior girder (known as an open-web dissymmetric beam or D-Beam), and prestressed hollow-core slabs, connect-ed by cementitious grout.
Applications include floor and roof slabs, which aresupported by a steel frame that resists all gravity and lateral loads. WF beams are typically used at spandrel,shaft and other conditions.
Grouting is easily achieved after slabs are set inplace. Grout flows through the web openings and into theslab cores and after curing develops composite action.
D-BEAMGIRDER
COLUMN
PRECAST SLAB
GROUT
The Girder-Slab System and the open web D-Beamtechnology are the result of more than ten years ofresearch and development. In order to develop arational analysis that would maximize the use of thistechnology, extensive laboratory testing and analysiswas undertaken.
This included both small-scale specimens and full-scale assemblies in order to simulate actual bays.Each assembly was load tested in excess of 100 psf,well above required residential design loads. The D-Beam Girder performed without failure.
There are two basic D-Beam Girder sectionsavailable for use with 8 precast slabs. The DB-8 isused for typical assemblies while the DB-9 is used for2 concrete topped assemblies.
As a result of extensive testing it was determinedthat the transformed section is equivalent to thesteel section illustrated below.
Refer to the D-Beam Girder Properties table on the following pages along with Girder-Slab System example calculations. Following is a specification guide along with suggested structural and architectural details.
3
Design Example - Untopped
sample system calculations
DB 8 x 35DB 8 x 37DB 8 x 40DB 8 x 42
DB 9 x 46 W14 x 61W14 x 61W12 x 53
39.8 11.741.8 12.3 8
8
W10 x 49W12 x 53W10 x 49
36.7 10.8 834.7 10.2 8
In. 2 In. In.
Parent Beam
dAVG AREAThickness
twDesignation
Web Included Depth Web
lb./ft.
Weight
3 x 13 x 1.5
3 x 13 x 1
3 x 1.5
w x tTop Bar
3 x 1.5
Size aSize b
In. In.4231
3.3752.375
35
3.55.55.255.75
DB 9 x 41 40.745.8
11.913.4
.340
9.6459.645
.345
.340
.345
.375
.375
In. x In.
D-BEAMDIMENSIONS Table
4
Live load reduction is not incorporated in these examples due tocode differences. The Design Engineer should incorporate theappropriate live load reduction for the most economical design.
Plank DL = 60 psf, partition load = 20 psf, live load = 40 psf DB 8 x 37 Properties: Plank fc = 5 ksi, Grout fc = 4 ksi Steel Section Transformed Section 8 Hollow Core Plank Span = 28 ft Is = 103 in4 It = 282 in4 DB Span = 15-0 St =19.7 in3 St = 63.8 in3
Sb = 37.3 in3 Sb = 67.7 in3
Allowable LL = L/360 = (15 ft)(12 in/ft)/360 = 0.50 in Mscap = 49.0kft b = 5 intw = 0.345 in
Initial Load - Precomposite
MDL = (28 ft) (.06 ksf) (15 ft)2/8 = 47.3 kft < 49 kft OK
DL = (5) (28 ft) (.06 ksf ) (15 ft)4 (1728 in3 /ft3)
= 0.64 in.(384) (103 in4 ) (29,000 k/in2)
Total Load - CompositeThe transformed section carries the superimposed loads and is used to calculate deflection.
MSUP = (28 ft) (.02 + .04 ksf) (15ft)2/8 = 47.3kft
MTL = 47.3 kft + 47.3 kft = 94.6 kft
SREQ = (94.6 kft ) (12 in/ft) / (0.60) (50 k/in2) = 37.8 in3 < 63.8 in3 OK
SUP = (5) (28 ft) (.02 + .04 ksf) (15 ft)4 (1728 in3/ft3)
= 0.23 in < 0.50 in OK(384) (282 in4) (29,000 k/in2)
Check Superimposed Compressive Stress on ConcreteTransformed steel section must be converted to concrete section.
N value =E steel
=29,000 ksi
=29,000 ksi
= 8.04 ... Stc =8.04 (63.8 in3) = 513 in3
E concrete 57,000 (4,000 psi)1/2 3,605 ksi
fc = (47.3 kft ) (12 in/ft) / (513 in3) = 1.11 ksi Fc = (0.45) (4 ksi) = 1.80 ksi > 1.11 ksi OK
Check Bottom Flange Tension Stress (Total Load)
fb =(47.3 kft) (12 in/ft)
+(47.3 kft) (12 in/ft)
= 15.2 ksi + 8.4 ksi = 23.6 ksi37.3 in3 67.7 in3
Fb = 0.9 (50 ksi) = 45 ksi > 23.6 ksi OK
Check ShearTotal load = (60+20+40 psf)) = 120 psf fv = (25.2k)/(0.345 in)(5 in) = 14.6 ksiw = (0.12 ksf) (28 ft) = 3.36 k/ft Fv = 0.4 (50 ksi) = 20 ksi > 14.6 ksi OKR = (3.36 k/ft) (15 ft) /2 = 25.2 k
d-beam reference calculator is available onwebsite, technical bulletin
Design Example - 2 Concrete Topping
D-BEAMProperties Table
102 2.80 5.20 36.5 19.7 49 279 4.16 4.40 67.1 63.5103 2.76 5.24 37.3 19.7 49 282 4.16 4.42 67.7 63.8122 3.39 4.61 36.1 26.5 66 289 4.26 4.30 67.9 67.2123 3.35 4.65 36.9 26.5 66 291 4.26 4.32 68.4 67.5159 3.12 6.51 51.0 24.4 61 332 4.27 5.35 77.7 62.1
4.43
In. 4 In. In. In. 3 In. 3 In. 4 In. In. In. 3 In. 3
DB 8 x 35DB 8 x 37DB 8 x 40DB 8 x 42
Designation S top C topIx IxC bot C top S bot
Web IgnoredSteel Only
AllowableMoment C bot
Transformed SectionWeb Ignored
S bot S top
= 0.6Fyfb
Fy=50 KSI
356195 8433.75.793.84 5.2050.8
kft
80.6 68.6DB 9 x 41DB 9 x 46
5
Plank DL = 60 psf, partition load = 20 psf, live load = 40 psf DB 9 x 41 Properties: Topping = 25 psf, installed after grout has cured Steel Section Transformed Section Plank fc = 5 ksi, Grout fc = 4 ksi Is = 159 in4 It = 332 in4 8 Hollow Core Plank Span = 28 ft St = 24.4 in3 St = 62.1 in3 DB span = 15-0 Sb = 51.0 Sb = 77.7 in3
Mscap = 61.0 kft b = 5.25 inAllowable LL = L/360 = (15 ft)(12 in/ft)/360 = 0.50 in tw = 0.375 in
Initial Load - Precomposite
MDL = (28 ft) (.06 ksf) (15 ft)2/8 = 47.3 kft < 61 kft OK
DL =(5) (28 ft) (.06 ksf) (15 ft)4 (1728 in3/ft3 )
= 0.42 in(384) (159 in4) (29,000 k/in2)
Total Load - CompositeThe transformed section carries the superimposed loads and is used to calculate deflection.
MSUP = (28 ft) (.02 + .04 + 0.025 ksf) (15 ft)2/8 = 66.9 kft
MTL = 47.3 kft + 66.9 kft = 114.2 kft
SREQ = (114.2 kft) (12 in/ft) / (0.60) (50 k/in2) = 45.7 in3 < 62.1 in3 OK
SUP =(5) (28 ft) (.02 + .04 + 0.025 ksf) (15 ft)4 (1728 in3/ft3)
= 0.28 in < 0.50 in OK(384) (332 in4) (29,000 k/in2)
Check Compressive Stress on ConcreteTransformed steel section must be converted to concrete section.
N value =E steel
=29,000 ksi
=29,000 ksi
= 8.04 ... Stc = 8.04 (62.1 in3) = 499 in3
E concrete 57,000 (4,000 psi)1/2 3,605 ksi
fc = (66.9 kft ) (12 in/ft) / (499 in3) = 1.61 ksi Fc= (0.45) (4 ksi) = 1.80 ksi > 1.61 ksi OK
Check Bottom Flange Tension Stress (Total Load)
fb =(47.3 kft) (12 in/ft)
+(66.9 kft) (12 in/ft)
= 11.1 ksi + 10.3 ksi = 21.4 ksi51.0 in3 77.7 in3
Fb = 0.9 (50 ksi) = 45 ksi > 21.4 ksi OK
Check ShearTotal load = (60 + 20 + 40 + 25 psf) = 145 psf fv = (30.50k)/(0.375 in)(5.25 in) = 15.5 ksiw = (0.145 ksf) (28 ft) = 4.06 k/ft Fv = 0.4 (50 ksi) = 20 ksi > 15.5 ksi OKR = (4.06 k/ft) (15 ft)/2 = 30.5 k
Girder-Slab SYSTEM APPLICATION
The Girder-Slab System in combination with a structural steelframe offers a complete steel and concrete superstructure. It is slated for use in mid to high-rise residential structures suchas hotels, apartments and condominiums. There are two basicD-Beam Girder sections available for use with an 8 thick precast slab. The DB-8 provides an 8 thick slab assembly, while the DB-9 is designed for use with 2 concrete topping resulting in a 10 thick slab. Precast slabs generally span as long as 28-0. The Girder-Slab System israted for use in high-rise buildings when constructed in accordance with Underwriters Laboratories Inc. Floor-CeilingDesign K912. The Girder-Slab System greatly improves construction operations and the ability to meet critical deadlines.
Girder-Slab SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY
This Assembled-In-Place technology is the first ever to useprecast slabs with an integral steel girder to form a mono-lithic structural slab assembly. The Girder-Slab System con-sists of an interior girder (known as an open-web dissym-metric beam or D-Beam) supporting precast prestressed hollow core slabs on its bottom flange. Upongrouting, the Girder-Slab System develops composite actionenabling it to support residential live loads. Grouting is easily achieved after slabs are set in place. The Girder-SlabSystem affords users advantages never before availablewith cast-in-place concrete superstructures. It is lightweightand offers rapid construction and assembly.
The underside of slab is free of supportbeams providing a flat surface for ducts andpiping systems. Minimum ceiling heights of8-0 are easily attained.
Allows faster access for the work ofother trades. Coring of slabs for utilitiesis easier and permits final adjustment.
The innovative D-Beam Girder was designed to allow theprecast slab to set on its bottom flange concealing its topflange and web. No formwork or shoring is needed.
For the first time ever, a newsteel and PRECAST concreteFRAMING system that gives youlow floor-to-floor height.
The grouting process is easily performed with a fewtradesmen. The cement grout is liquefied and pumpedthrough a hose. Workers puddle the grout in order tofill in the voids and slab cores.
Unlike cast-in-placeconcrete structures, theGirder-Slab System isAssembled-In-Place.
The underside of slab isready made for ceiling finish.
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A sample D-Beam Girder used for testing is fullyencapsulated by hardened grout.
Precast slabs readily drop in place. The D-Beam Girderself centers each slab.
The Girder-Slab System was used in this seven story studenthousing project for a prestigious Philadelphia university.
D-BEAMGIRDER
COLUMN
PRECAST SLAB
GROUT
GIRDER-SLAB SYSTEM AVAILABILITY
The application and use of the Girder-Slab System technologyrequires design by a registered professional engineer or architect. This Design-Guide provides all required engineeringinformation and is available for use by industry professionals.
The Girder-Slab System and D-Beam Girder are distributed and assembled solely by steel contractors authorized by Girder-Slab Technologies LLC of NJ, the exclusive Distributor Representative in North America.Contact your preferred steel contractors for budgeting, proposals and system availability.
Girder-Slab SYSTEM BENEFITS
Low floor-to-floor heights, minimize building height Super-fast structure and building completion Reduced building structure weight Floor plan design flexibility Limited weather impact (including cold climates) Structure assembly is one process, one source Integrates well with mixed use spaces below Meets AISC tolerance standards Meets fire code ratings using UL K912 Meets required sound (STC) ratings Limited on-site labor Reduced on-site overhead costs Eliminates/reduces soffits Factory made quality components
Precast slabs can be set in placein nearly any climate conditionincluding freezing temperatures.
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After grouting, the slab is completeand ready for use. Finish floorpreparation work can take placebefore or after interior walls.
After slabs are set, grout is easily placedflowing around the D-Beam and through itstrapezoidal shape web openings and intothe slab cores.
FIRE RESISTANCE INFORMATIONFire Resistance Ratings ANSI/UL 263Design No. K912April 19, 2001
Restrained Assembly Ratings 3 HrUnrestrained Assembly Ratings 2 HrUnrestrained Beam Ratings 2 Hr
Includes gypsum board and spray-applied methods.
GIRDER-SLAB SYSTEMSPECIFICATION GUIDE
8
The D-Beam fabricationprocess begins with a WF section, uniquely cut to produce two D-Beam Girderswithout waste.
The Girder-Slab System Design-Guide and the
patented technology is available for use by
industry professionals. Application and use of
this information requires design by a registered
professional engineer or architect.
The Girder-Slab System and D-Beam
Girder are available competitively from your
preferred steel contractors.
Fabrication, construction and assembly
shall be in conformance with the Design-Guide
specifications & details, and distribution
requirements of Girder-Slab Technologies LLC
of New Jersey.
1. The open web Dissymmetric Beam shall be fabricated from (ASTMA992/A572 Grade 50) standard steel wide flange sections with flat barat top-flange and shall meet AISC standards (except for depth, toler-ance 1/8), unpainted unless specified. The open web DissymmetricBeam can be specified to include camber. Cambering can be built induring assembly of the girder.
2. If the structural engineer of record determines that shoring of thepre-composite assembly is needed, leave in place until groutattains required strength.
3. Precast prestressed concrete hollow core slab units (min. 5000 PSI)shall be in 4 or 8 foot widths and shall meet PCI standards and tolerances, 2 min. bearing unless specified otherwise. Open the top ofeach slab core for proper grout placement and inspection.
4. Reinforcing steel (ASTM A615 Grade 60) shall be placed throughthe Dissymmetric Beam web openings and into slab cores.
5. Cementitious grout (min. 4,000 PSI) shall be placed monolithicallyaround and through the Dissymmetric Beam web openings and intoslab cores filled solid for a minimum of 8, level to the slab surface with9/16 min. average thickness over the top-flange (exceptions mayapply if using concrete topping). When concrete topping is used, attainspecified strength of grout prior to placement.
6. The Girder-Slab System shall be constructed in accordance withUnderwriters Laboratories Inc., Floor-Ceiling Assembly Design No.K912 in order to meet fire classification standards and ratings set forthby BOCA and ICC codes.
7. The Girder-Slab System and D-Beam Girders shall be distributedand assembled by steel contractors authorized by Girder-SlabTechnologies LLC of NJ in conformance with its Design-Guide &Distribution requirements. Steel Contractor/ Distributor contact information: 1-888-478-1100 or www.girder-slab.com.
8. The Distributor of the Girder-Slab System shall provide to theProject Owner (or its representative) a Girder-Slab ComplianceCertificate for each project upon completion of system assembly andconstruction.
9. Comply with all applicable provisions of the following standards and codes:
Girder-Slab Technologies LLC Design-Guide
American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC)
American Welding Society (AWS)
Precast Concrete Institute (PCI)
American Concrete Institute (ACI)
American Society of Testing and Materials (ASTM)
Underwriters Laboratories Inc. (UL) Fire Resistance Directory
Building Officials and Code Administrators International Inc.
(BOCA) National Building Code
International Code Council Inc. (ICC) International Building Code
Other applicable codes and standards
TYPICAL SYSTEM STRUCTURAL DETAILS
S2 S3
S1
9
Check website for Technical Bulletins and CAQ.
CAD Details are Available.
CHECK PCIBLOCKOUTTOLLERANCE
S4 S5
S710
S6Check website for Project Solutions
NOTE:DB9 TOP FLANGE WILLBE ABOVE THE SLAB.
S8 S9
S10 S1111
TYPICAL SECTION: 8 PRECAST SLABAT ELEVATOR DOOR SILL
Check website for Technical Bulletins
S13 S14
S12
12
ENG. NOTE:CHECK WEBSITE TECHNICALBULLETINS CAQ ON CONNECTION DESIGN
ALTERNATIVE D-BEAM CONNECTION TO WF COLUMN
TYPICAL SYSTEM ARCHITECTURAL DETAILS
A1
A3
A2
A413
The partition and rated protection details are provided for illustration purposes only and not intended for actual use. Girder-Slab Technologies, LLCis not responsible for design, means, or methods associated with this detail.
The partition and rated protection details are provided for illustration purposes only and not intended for actual use. Girder-Slab Technologies, LLCis not responsible for design, means, or methods associated with this detail.
The partition and rated protection details are provided for illustration purposes only and not intended for actual use. Girder-Slab Technologies, LLCis not responsible for design, means, or methods associated with this detail.
The partition and rated protection details are provided for illustration purposes only and not intended for actual use. Girder-Slab Technologies, LLCis not responsible for design, means, or methods associated with this detail.
1. Steel Beam Composite dissymmetric steel beamfabricated from structural steel members in accordancewith the Specification for the Design, Fabrication andErection of Structural Steel for Buildings, published bythe American Institute of Steel Construction. The steelbeam, with an open web, has a 34.7 lb/ft min weight.The beam consists of the bottom flange and partial webof a min. W10(x)49 with a bar welded to the web thatserves as the top flange. Top bar min dimensions of 1x3in., a min overall beam depth of 8 in. and a min avgcross-section are of 10.2 in2.
2. Concrete Topping (Optional for unrestrainedrating) 3000 psi compressive strength, 150 (+or-) 3pcf unit weight. Normal weight concrete. Min 1-1/8 in.thickness required for 3 hr Restrained Assembly Rating.
3. Precast Concrete Units* Carbonate, siliceousor lightweight aggregate. Min 8 in. thick by 4 or 8 ft wideunits with cross section similar to that shown for DesignNo. J952. Openings may be provided through the unitsfor piping, ducts or similar services and should be suit-ably enclosed with constructions having at least equalresistance, acceptable to authorities having jurisdiction.Units have a min 1-1/2 in. bearing on the bottom flangeof Item 1.
4. Grout Sand-cement grout (3500 psi min com-pressive strength). Min avg thickness of 9/16 in. abovetop bar. Hollow cores in precast concrete units grouted6 in. min from beam web.
5. Runner Channel Fabricated from 25 MSG galvsteel, min 1/2 in. deep, with 1 in. legs, fastened to steelbeam with XZF powder actuated pins spaced 12 in. OC.
6. Gypsum Board* 1/2 or 5/8 in. thick gypsumboard fastened to runner channels with 1 in. long, 0.150in. diam steel screws spaced 16 in. OC.
7. Corner Bead Fabricated from min 28 MSG galvsteel to form an angle with 1-1/4 in. legs. Legs perfo-rated with 1/4 in. diam holes approximately 1 in. OC.Attached to runner channel through gypsum board with1 in. long, 0.150 in. diam steel screws spaced 16 in. OC.
8. Joint Compound (Not shown) 1/32 in. thick onbottom and sides of wallboard from corner beads andfeathered out. Paper tape embedded in joint compoundover joints with edges of compound feathered out.
9. Spray-Applied Fire Resistive Material* As analternate to Items 5 through 8, the bottom flange of thesteel beam may be protected with a spray applied fireresistive material. Applied in one coat to a finaluntamped thickness of 3/8 in. to steel surfaces whichare free of dirt, oil or scale. Min avg untamped density of13 pcf with min ind untamped density of 11 pcf for TypesII and D-C/F. Min avg and min ind untamped densities of22 and 19 pcf, respectively, for Type HP. For Type I, minavg density of 15 pcf with min ind value of 12 pcf.
UL assembly listing as shown is provided for convenience only, refer to appropriate UL publication for Design No. K19.
BXUV.K912Fire Resistance Ratings - ANSI/UL 263
Design No. K912April 15, 2003
Restrained Assembly Ratings-3 Hr (See Item 2)Unrestrained Assembly Ratings-2 Hr
Unrestrained Beam Ratings-2 Hr
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Girder-Slab and D-Beam are trademarks of Girder-Slab Technologies LLC. The Girder-Slab Systemand D-Beam Girder are protected under United States Patents with International Patents pending.
COPYRIGHT 2005 GIRDER-SLAB TECHNOLOGIES, LLC
Drexel University student housing, Philadelphia, PA.
Marriott Fairfield Inn & Suites, Newark, NJ.
For more examples of completed and under-constructionprojects, consult the web site at www.girder-slab.com.
COMPOSITE STEEL AND PRECAST SYSTEM
856 424 7880 Tel888 478 1100 Toll Free856 424 6880 Faxwww.girder-slab.com
GIRDER-SLABTECHNOLOGIES,LLC
West Chester University
Lawrenceville Appartments at Princeton University
