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GNU, Linux and Open Source
GNUGNU
KernelKernel
GNU/ LinuxGNU/ LinuxOpenSourceOpenSource
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GNUGNU - GGNUsNNot UUnix
GNUGNU (pronounced g'noo) is a free operatingsystem
GNUGNU was invented by Richard Stallman in1983 at MIT
Stallman quit his job at MIT so that theycould not claim ownership and interfere withdistributing GNUGNU as free software
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GNUGNU GNU/ LinuxGNU/ Linux
The members of the GNUGNU project tried to build their ownkernel (HURDHURD) to get a fully functional free operating system
In 1992, GNUGNU was combined with a free Unix-compatible
kernel called LINUXLINUX
It is distributed as GNU/LinuxGNU/Linux Suse, Debian/Linux, Red Hat
In 2005, the distributer Debian released the first GNUGNU with itsown kernel HURDHURD Debian HURD
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GNU/ Linux -GNU/ Linux - develpoersdevelpoers
Richard Stallman
Linus Torvalds
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KERNELKERNEL the core
a kernelkernel is the core of an operatingsystem
its responsible for providing secureaccess to the machine's hardware and
to various computer processes
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KERNELKERNEL the core
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KERNELKERNEL types
monolith kernel (UNIX, Linux, MS/DR- DOS) more powerful Drivers and modules are embedded in to the kernel which improves the
speed of a OS
microkernel (WinNT 4, Mac OS X ) less powerful provides a small set of simple hardware drivers and uses
external applications to provide more functionality
hybrid kernels (Windows 2000, Windows XP, etc)
others
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LINUX-KERNELLINUX-KERNEL
In 1991, Linus Torvalds (Finland)wrote a Unix-compatible kernel (v0.01)
LINUXLINUX (LINULINUs uniXX)
It was available for free, butcopyrighted on the Internet
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LINUX-KERNELLINUX-KERNEL
1993 it became a part ofGPLGPL(GGeneral PPublic LLicense)
Single person and group developersstarted distributing GNU/LinuxGNU/Linux
systems as standalone OSOS
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LINUX-KERNELLINUX-KERNEL
1993 it became a part ofGPLGPL(GGeneral PPublic LLicense)
Single person and group developersstarted distributing GNU/LinuxGNU/Linux
systems as standalone OSOS
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GPLGPL General Public License
GPLGPL was released in January 1989
The latest version of the license, v2,was released in 1991
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GPLGPL grants
the freedom to run the program for any purpose
the freedom to study how the program works and
modify it(Access to the source code is a precondition for this)
the freedom to redistribute copies
the freedom to improve the program, and releasethe improvements to the public (Access to thesource code is a precondition for this)
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Win vs. Linux startupWin vs. Linux startup
startup Windows XP startup Linux
You see what you get !
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Win vs. Linux promptWin vs. Linux prompt
MS-DOS prompt GNU/ Linux prompt
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Win vs. KDE environmentWin vs. KDE environment
Windows XP GNU/Linux KDE 3.3
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OpenSourceOpenSource free as in free speech
Its source code is published and madeavailable to the public, enabling anyone to
copy, modify and redistribute the sourcecode without paying royalties or fees
Since the early 1960s most software wasdeveloped in an open source manner
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OpenSourceOpenSource examples
General:General: Linux (kernel) KDE/ GNOME (desktop environment)
Apache (webserver) MySQL (database) OpenOffice.org (office) Mozilla (browser)
GIS Software:GIS Software: UMN MapServer (mapserver) Grass (GIS)
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OpenSourceOpenSource costs
MICROSOFT/ ESRI:MICROSOFT/ ESRI: OpenSource:OpenSource:
$480ArcGISDocumentation
Set
$1,500ArcView
~$500Office2k3
~$250WindowsXP
$0Documentation
$0UMN Mapserver
$0GRASS
$0OpenOffice.org
$0GNU/Linux
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LINKSLINKS
http://www.wikipedia.com
http://www.gnu.org
http://www.kernel.org
http://www.linux.org
http://www.suse.com http://www.debian.org
http://www.debian.org/ports/hurd
http://www.wikipedia.com/http://www.gnu.org/http://www.kernel.org/http://www.linux.org/http://www.suse.com/http://www.debian.org/http://www.debian.org/ports/hurdhttp://www.debian.org/ports/hurdhttp://www.debian.org/http://www.suse.com/http://www.linux.org/http://www.linux.org/http://www.kernel.org/http://www.kernel.org/http://www.gnu.org/http://www.wikipedia.com/http://www.wikipedia.com/