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GIS Software, Applications GIS Software, Applications and the Internetand the Internet
Class 2 Class 2 GISG 110 GISG 110
ObjectivesObjectives
GIS Software, Applications and the InternetGIS Software, Applications and the Internet
Why GIS?Why GIS?
Software vendorsSoftware vendors
Types of GIS softwareTypes of GIS software
Application fieldsApplication fields
Application areasApplication areas
Why GIS?Why GIS?
Wider availability through Internet and Wider availability through Internet and networksnetworks
Lower cost of GIS hardware and software Lower cost of GIS hardware and software
Greater awareness that decision making Greater awareness that decision making affects geographic neighborsaffects geographic neighbors
More user-friendlyMore user-friendly
Increased availability of GIS dataIncreased availability of GIS data
Better technologyBetter technology
Availability of “out of box” applications and Availability of “out of box” applications and softwaresoftware
Software EvolutionSoftware Evolution
1970 and 80s: Command line1970 and 80s: Command line
Late 1980s: Late 1980s: – Graphical user interfaces (GUIs)Graphical user interfaces (GUIs)– Customization capabilitiesCustomization capabilities
Current Day: Software linked to WebCurrent Day: Software linked to Web
Software VendorsSoftware Vendors
Main playersMain players
ESRI ESRI
Intergraph Intergraph
Autodesk Autodesk
GE EnergyGE Energy
Secondary playersSecondary players
Leica GeosystemsLeica Geosystems
IBMIBM
MapInfoMapInfo
ESRI Inc.ESRI Inc.
Private company founded in 1969, headquartered in Private company founded in 1969, headquartered in Redlands, CARedlands, CAEmploys over 4000 worldwideEmploys over 4000 worldwideAnnual revenues over $500 millionAnnual revenues over $500 millionServes over 130,000 organizations, 1 million usersServes over 130,000 organizations, 1 million usersFocus solely on GIS marketFocus solely on GIS market– Primarily softwarePrimarily software– ¼ revenue from project work advising clients how to ¼ revenue from project work advising clients how to
implement GISimplement GISProduct suite called ArcGIS (hand-held, desktop, Product suite called ArcGIS (hand-held, desktop, servers)servers)www.esri.com
Intergraph Inc.Intergraph Inc.
Founded 1969, went public 1981Founded 1969, went public 1981Focus is CAD and mapping software, consulting Focus is CAD and mapping software, consulting services and hardwareservices and hardwareFour main operating units Four main operating units – Process, Power, and MarineProcess, Power, and Marine– Public SafetyPublic Safety– SolutionsSolutions– Mapping and Geospatial SolutionsMapping and Geospatial Solutions
Accounts for over $200 million in revenueAccounts for over $200 million in revenue
Total revenue over $500 millionTotal revenue over $500 millionGIS product line is GeoMediaGIS product line is GeoMediaStrongest GIS company in military, infrastructure and Strongest GIS company in military, infrastructure and utilityutilitywww.intergraph.com
AutoDeskAutoDesk
Publicly traded company, headquartered in San Publicly traded company, headquartered in San Rafael, CARafael, CALeading digital design and content company in Leading digital design and content company in building, manufacturing, infrastructure, and digital building, manufacturing, infrastructure, and digital media, and location servicesmedia, and location servicesProduct family is called AutoCADProduct family is called AutoCADUsed worldwide by over 4 million customersUsed worldwide by over 4 million customersPublicly traded $1 billion entity, employing 3,700Publicly traded $1 billion entity, employing 3,700Successful computer-aided design (CAD) company Successful computer-aided design (CAD) company that extended into GISthat extended into GISwww.autodesk.com
GE EnergyGE Energy
GIS software is referred to as Geospatial GIS software is referred to as Geospatial Asset Management SolutionAsset Management Solution– Based on Smallworld GISBased on Smallworld GIS
GE acquired Smallworld codebase in 2000GE acquired Smallworld codebase in 2000
Smallworld established in 1980 in UKSmallworld established in 1980 in UK
Onset focused on complex utility network Onset focused on complex utility network solutions, gas and electricsolutions, gas and electric
One of top 3 GIS utility software providersOne of top 3 GIS utility software providers
www.gepower.com
Types of software systemsTypes of software systems
DesktopDesktop
Server GISServer GIS
Developer GISDeveloper GIS
Hand-held GISHand-held GIS
Others Others – Imagery products, CAD, DBMSImagery products, CAD, DBMS
DesktopDesktop
Took off after development Microsoft Took off after development Microsoft Windows Operating SystemWindows Operating System
Most widely used GIS softwareMost widely used GIS software
Developed for PC platformDeveloped for PC platform
Focuses on data use (maps, charts, reports) Focuses on data use (maps, charts, reports) verses data creationverses data creation
Prices range from $1,000-2,000Prices range from $1,000-2,000
Professional GIS prices: $7,000-20,000 Professional GIS prices: $7,000-20,000
Server GISServer GIS
GIS runs on server, handles concurrent GIS runs on server, handles concurrent processing requests from range of processing requests from range of networked clientsnetworked clients
Functions: editing, mapping, data Functions: editing, mapping, data management, spatial analysismanagement, spatial analysis
Potential for largest user base and lowest Potential for largest user base and lowest cost per usercost per user
Cost varies $5,000-25,000 for small to Cost varies $5,000-25,000 for small to medium systemsmedium systems
Developer GISDeveloper GIS
Oriented toward needs of developersOriented toward needs of developers
Toolkits of GIS functions that programmers Toolkits of GIS functions that programmers use to build GIS applicationsuse to build GIS applications
Create highly customized applications that Create highly customized applications that stand alone or are embedded in other stand alone or are embedded in other applicationsapplications
Cost is $1,000-5,000 for developers kitCost is $1,000-5,000 for developers kit
Hand-held GISHand-held GIS
GIS for mobile systems and field useGIS for mobile systems and field use
Palm and pocket devices support display, query, Palm and pocket devices support display, query, analytical applications – similar to desktopanalytical applications – similar to desktop
Programs and data held in memory, due to (size and) Programs and data held in memory, due to (size and) lack of hard disklack of hard disk– Provides fast access, but memory more Provides fast access, but memory more
expensive than hard disk spaceexpensive than hard disk space
Smartphones hold 1 GB data and sophisticated Smartphones hold 1 GB data and sophisticated softwaresoftware– Cost for smartphone is $400-600Cost for smartphone is $400-600
Software Usage SummarySoftware Usage Summary
GIS Software SectorGIS Software Sector Number of Users*Number of Users*
ServerServer 2 million2 million
DesktopDesktop 1.25 million1.25 million
DeveloperDeveloper 450,000450,000
OtherOther 400,000400,000
Hand-heldHand-held 200,000200,000
Total size of GIS market = 4 million usersTotal size of GIS market = 4 million users
If consider Internet GIS users = 10 millionIf consider Internet GIS users = 10 million
*Estimated*Estimated
Traditional application fieldsTraditional application fields
MilitaryMilitary– Know Thy Enemy approach (tracking movements Know Thy Enemy approach (tracking movements
and strategies)and strategies)
GovernmentGovernment– Natural resource management, tax assessmentNatural resource management, tax assessment
EducationEducation– Academic research in a variety of area, trainingAcademic research in a variety of area, training
UtilitiesUtilities– Infrastructure, gas, electricInfrastructure, gas, electric
Growing fields and usesGrowing fields and uses
Mid-1990’s: Increased business usesMid-1990’s: Increased business usesBanking and financial servicesBanking and financial servicesTransportation logisticsTransportation logisticsReal estateReal estateMarket analysisMarket analysis
2121stst century centurySOHO and personal/consumer applicationsSOHO and personal/consumer applicationsSecurity, Intelligence, and counter-terrorismSecurity, Intelligence, and counter-terrorism
Application areas Application areas and examplesand examples
Representative application areasRepresentative application areas
Government and Public ServiceGovernment and Public Service
Business and Service PlanningBusiness and Service Planning
Logistics and TransportationLogistics and Transportation
EnvironmentEnvironment
Government and Government and Public ServicePublic Service
Government and Public ServiceGovernment and Public Service
First to discover value of GISFirst to discover value of GIS– CGIS: national system for natural resource CGIS: national system for natural resource
inventory and managementinventory and management
Now used at all levels of government: national to Now used at all levels of government: national to neighborhoodneighborhood
Government users are biggest single group of GIS Government users are biggest single group of GIS professionalsprofessionals
‘‘Top down’ decision making supplemented with Top down’ decision making supplemented with ‘bottom up’ representation of real communities‘bottom up’ representation of real communities
70-80% local government work should involve GIS70-80% local government work should involve GIS
Local governmentsLocal governments
Common ways GIS is usedCommon ways GIS is usedInventory resources and infrastructureInventory resources and infrastructureImprove public service deliveryImprove public service deliveryManage land developmentManage land developmentGenerate revenue by increasing economic activityGenerate revenue by increasing economic activity
Typical GIS applicationsTypical GIS applicationsMonitoring health risksMonitoring health risksManaging public housing stockManaging public housing stockAllocating welfare assistance fundsAllocating welfare assistance fundsTracking crimesTracking crimes
Applications in local governmentApplications in local government
Inventory applicationsInventory applications
Policy AnalysisPolicy Analysis
Management/Policy-Making applicationsManagement/Policy-Making applications
Applications in local governmentApplications in local government
Inventory applicationsInventory applications– Locating property information Locating property information
e.g., ownership and tax assessmentse.g., ownership and tax assessments
County of San DiegoCounty of San Diego– Required to identify all landfills, hazardous Required to identify all landfills, hazardous
waste facilities and recycling siteswaste facilities and recycling sites
Applications in local governmentApplications in local government
Policy Analysis applicationsPolicy Analysis applications– e.g., proximity to land use or featuree.g., proximity to land use or feature
Caltrans Caltrans – Environmental Impact Report (EIR) Environmental Impact Report (EIR)
required to assess proximity of required to assess proximity of endangered species to planned freewayendangered species to planned freeway
Applications in local governmentApplications in local government
Management/Policy-Making applicationsManagement/Policy-Making applications– e.g., forecasting future housing needse.g., forecasting future housing needs
California CitiesCalifornia Cities– Housing Element is required to determine Housing Element is required to determine
number of new low-income homes needednumber of new low-income homes needed
Example of Local GovernmentExample of Local GovernmentGIS applicationGIS application
GIS in tax assessmentGIS in tax assessment
Tax Assessor’s Office is often first home of Tax Assessor’s Office is often first home of GIS in local governmentGIS in local government
Assessors responsible for judging the value Assessors responsible for judging the value of all taxable properties in jurisdictionof all taxable properties in jurisdiction
Details about properties include ownership, Details about properties include ownership, address, land and building value, and tax address, land and building value, and tax exemptionsexemptions
GIS in tax assessmentGIS in tax assessment
MethodMethodGIS used to collect and mange geographic parcel GIS used to collect and mange geographic parcel boundaries and associated property informationboundaries and associated property informationBasic tax assessment task involves database query Basic tax assessment task involves database query to locate all sales of similar properties within a given to locate all sales of similar properties within a given distance distance 1.1. Property to be valued is identified in property Property to be valued is identified in property
databasedatabase2.2. Geographic query performed to pull values of all Geographic query performed to pull values of all
comparable properties within 1 mile radius of comparable properties within 1 mile radius of propertyproperty
3.3. Properties displayed on assessor’s screenProperties displayed on assessor’s screen
GIS in tax assessmentGIS in tax assessment
ResultResult
Assessor can compare the characteristics of Assessor can compare the characteristics of properties (lot size, sales price, and date of properties (lot size, sales price, and date of sale, neighborhood status, property sale, neighborhood status, property improvements, etc) and value the propertyimprovements, etc) and value the property
Local government agenciesLocal government agenciesworking with GISworking with GIS
The CountyThe County
The eighteen citiesThe eighteen cities
SANDAGSANDAG
CaltransCaltrans
San Diego County Water AuthoritySan Diego County Water Authority
Metropolitan Transit System and North Metropolitan Transit System and North County Transit DistrictCounty Transit District
Port AuthorityPort Authority
Business and Business and Service PlanningService Planning
Business and Service PlanningBusiness and Service Planning
Retailing applications perform the following functionsRetailing applications perform the following functions
OperationalOperational– Day-to-day processing of routine transactions and Day-to-day processing of routine transactions and
inventory analysis (e.g., stock management)inventory analysis (e.g., stock management)
TacticalTactical– Allocation of resources to address specific Allocation of resources to address specific
problems (e.g., store sales promotions)problems (e.g., store sales promotions)
StrategicStrategic– Contribute to longer-term goals and mission, Contribute to longer-term goals and mission,
(e.g., entail problems such as opening new store)(e.g., entail problems such as opening new store)
GeodemographicsGeodemographics
Indicators of consumer behavior available at Indicators of consumer behavior available at small-level geography (e.g., CT or ZIP)small-level geography (e.g., CT or ZIP)
Identify variations in the incidences of Identify variations in the incidences of customer typescustomer types
Often supplemented by Often supplemented by lifestylelifestyle data, such data, such as shopping habits or consumption choicesas shopping habits or consumption choices
Market area analysisMarket area analysis
Assess the distribution of retail outlets Assess the distribution of retail outlets relative to the greatest concentrations of relative to the greatest concentrations of potential customerspotential customers
Increasing field/service in many types of Increasing field/service in many types of agencies, public and privateagencies, public and private
Improves public service planning in health, Improves public service planning in health, education and law enforcementeducation and law enforcement
Geodemographics used as basis for analysisGeodemographics used as basis for analysis
Examples of Business Examples of Business and Service Planningand Service Planning
GIS applicationsGIS applications
Market area analysis # 1Market area analysis # 1
City of Escondido abandoned Kmart siteCity of Escondido abandoned Kmart site
City contacted SANDAG to assist with the City contacted SANDAG to assist with the sale and redevelopment of abandoned sitesale and redevelopment of abandoned site
19 acre site, located on Mission Avenue next 19 acre site, located on Mission Avenue next to State Route 78, vacant since March 2003 to State Route 78, vacant since March 2003
Land planned for redevelopment: Mixed-use Land planned for redevelopment: Mixed-use commercial and residentialcommercial and residential
Escondido abandoned Kmart siteEscondido abandoned Kmart site
MethodMethodDemographic data gathered to “profile” areaDemographic data gathered to “profile” area– Current and forecasted demographic and Current and forecasted demographic and
economic data (population, median economic data (population, median income) aggregated for a 10 mile radius of income) aggregated for a 10 mile radius of sitesite
Maps produced to display neighboring land Maps produced to display neighboring land uses, future plans, and area characteristicsuses, future plans, and area characteristics– Existing land use, general plan, and Existing land use, general plan, and
population and housing densitypopulation and housing density
Escondido abandoned Kmart siteEscondido abandoned Kmart site
ResultResult
Data used to predict the success of Data used to predict the success of – New commercial development in local New commercial development in local
market area, market area, – Sale of new housing units (based on Sale of new housing units (based on
similar house values) similar house values) – As marketing toolAs marketing tool
Market area analysis # 2Market area analysis # 2Tesco Grocery retailer in UKTesco Grocery retailer in UK
Success through:Success through:
1.1. Strategic diversification Strategic diversification
2.2. Store loyalty card program (e.g, Ralph’s club card)Store loyalty card program (e.g, Ralph’s club card)– Rewards members with coupons Rewards members with coupons – Generates Generates lifestyleslifestyles data (identify consumption data (identify consumption
profiles)profiles)– Identify whether customers are “value” or Identify whether customers are “value” or
“quality” driven“quality” driven– Powerful marketing toolPowerful marketing tool
3.3. Acquisition of smaller neighborhood storesAcquisition of smaller neighborhood stores
Market analysis suburban Tesco storeMarket analysis suburban Tesco store
MethodMethod
Traditionally, leaflet drops or enclosure with free Traditionally, leaflet drops or enclosure with free local newspaperslocal newspapers
With GIS, identify all households within a 1 km With GIS, identify all households within a 1 km radius of storeradius of store
Two optionsTwo options
1.1. Each address sent a flyer with coupons Each address sent a flyer with coupons oror
2.2. Refine by overlaying geodemographic and Refine by overlaying geodemographic and lifestyleslifestyles data onto target area data onto target area
Tailor coupon offerings to consumption patterns: Tailor coupon offerings to consumption patterns: Beer or champagne couponsBeer or champagne coupons
Market analysis suburban Tesco storeMarket analysis suburban Tesco store
ResultResult
Money saved on number of flyers (not) Money saved on number of flyers (not) distributed distributed
Saved printing costsSaved printing costs
Saved treesSaved trees
Local private and nonprofit firms Local private and nonprofit firms using GISusing GIS
Workforce PartnershipWorkforce Partnership
BMJ MarketingBMJ Marketing
American Cancer SocietyAmerican Cancer Society
Gemnological Institute of AmericaGemnological Institute of America
YMCAYMCA
North County Health ServicesNorth County Health Services
Economic Planning SystemsEconomic Planning Systems
Logistics and TransportationLogistics and Transportation
Logistics and TransportationLogistics and Transportation
Deal with movement of goods and people Deal with movement of goods and people from one place to another and infrastructure from one place to another and infrastructure (highways, railroads, canals) that moves (highways, railroads, canals) that moves themthem
Logistics and TransportationLogistics and Transportation
Logistics Companies (e.g., parcel delivery Logistics Companies (e.g., parcel delivery and shipping)and shipping)– Addresses the shipping and transportation Addresses the shipping and transportation
of goodsof goods– Organize operations, parcel routing, Organize operations, parcel routing,
origins and destinationsorigins and destinations– Where to put sorting warehouses and Where to put sorting warehouses and
transfer facilitiestransfer facilities
Logistics and TransportationLogistics and Transportation
Transportation AuthoritiesTransportation Authorities– New routesNew routes– Where to buildWhere to build– Highway conditionsHighway conditions
Logistics and TransportationLogistics and Transportation
Transit AuthoritiesTransit Authorities– Plan routes and schedulesPlan routes and schedules– keep track of vehicles and incidents that keep track of vehicles and incidents that
delay themdelay them– Provide information to travelersProvide information to travelers
All fields employ GIS applications to handle All fields employ GIS applications to handle day-to-day operationsday-to-day operations
Applications overviewApplications overview
Each has two partsEach has two parts
StaticStatic– Deals with fixed infrastructureDeals with fixed infrastructure
DynamicDynamic– Deals with vehicles, goods, and people Deals with vehicles, goods, and people
that move on static partthat move on static part
TransportationTransportation
Historically, GIS easier to apply to static partHistorically, GIS easier to apply to static part
Today, use of GPS Today, use of GPS – Track vehicles as they moveTrack vehicles as they move– Transit authorities use to inform users of Transit authorities use to inform users of
buses and trainsbuses and trains– Deal with emergency incidents occuring Deal with emergency incidents occuring
on transportation networks (OnStar)on transportation networks (OnStar)
LogisticsLogistics
GIS helped many service and delivery companies to GIS helped many service and delivery companies to reduce operating costs in fieldreduce operating costs in fieldOptimizationOptimization– Design of solutions to meet specified objectivesDesign of solutions to meet specified objectives– E.g., A delivery company needs to deliver parcels E.g., A delivery company needs to deliver parcels
to 200 locations in one shift, dividing work to 200 locations in one shift, dividing work between 10 trucksbetween 10 trucks
– Different ways of dividing the work, and routing Different ways of dividing the work, and routing vehicles, can result in differences in time & costvehicles, can result in differences in time & cost
GIS logistics applications determine optimal routes GIS logistics applications determine optimal routes based on shortest distances, time of day, traffic based on shortest distances, time of day, traffic volumevolume
Example of Transportation Example of Transportation GIS applicationGIS application
Planning for emergency evacuationPlanning for emergency evacuation
Overview Overview
Tool allows neighborhoods to rate potential Tool allows neighborhoods to rate potential for problems associated with evaluationfor problems associated with evaluation
Develop plans accordinglyDevelop plans accordingly– Uses GIS database on distribution of Uses GIS database on distribution of
population in neighborhoodspopulation in neighborhoods– Street patternsStreet patterns
Result: Evacuation vulnerability mapResult: Evacuation vulnerability map– Assumes worst-case scenario for locationAssumes worst-case scenario for location
Planning for emergency evacuationPlanning for emergency evacuation
How it worksHow it worksAssumes one vehicle to evacuate each Assumes one vehicle to evacuate each householdhouseholdLooks further than household location (cul-Looks further than household location (cul-de-sac? Street have only one exit?) to locate de-sac? Street have only one exit?) to locate bottlenecksbottlenecks– E.g., Densely packed neighborhood, single E.g., Densely packed neighborhood, single
exit = massive evacuation problemexit = massive evacuation problemResulting maps draw attention to areas of Resulting maps draw attention to areas of potential problemspotential problems
Evacuation vulnerability mapEvacuation vulnerability map
MethodMethod
Two types data for analysisTwo types data for analysis– Population and household counts, number Population and household counts, number
of vehicles (Census)of vehicles (Census)– Street centerline files (Census TIGER and Street centerline files (Census TIGER and
USGS)USGS)– Both freeBoth free
Evacuation vulnerability mapEvacuation vulnerability map
AnalysisAnalysis
Begins at every street intersection, works Begins at every street intersection, works outwards following street connections to outwards following street connections to reach new intersectionsreach new intersections
Every connection tested for bottleneck (total Every connection tested for bottleneck (total number of vehicles/number of exit lanes)number of vehicles/number of exit lanes)
After all streets tested, worst-case value After all streets tested, worst-case value (vehicles per lane) assigned, resulting in (vehicles per lane) assigned, resulting in network of valuesnetwork of values
Local agencies working with Local agencies working with transportation GIStransportation GIS
CaltransCaltrans
RBF ConsultingRBF Consulting
Katz Okitsu & Assoc. Katz Okitsu & Assoc.
CH2MHILLCH2MHILL
Parsons and Wilbur Smith. Parsons and Wilbur Smith.
EnvironmentEnvironment
EnvironmentEnvironment
Drove some of earliest GIS applicationsDrove some of earliest GIS applications
CGIS driven by need for policies over land CGIS driven by need for policies over land useuse
EnvironmentEnvironment
Applications used to Applications used to
Measure land area for effective strategiesMeasure land area for effective strategies
Monitor land use change through remote Monitor land use change through remote sensing (loss of forest in Amazon basin)sensing (loss of forest in Amazon basin)
Compare environmental conditions Compare environmental conditions prevailing in different nationsprevailing in different nations
Common applicationCommon application
How urban sprawl occursHow urban sprawl occurs
To understand environmental consequences and To understand environmental consequences and predict future onespredict future ones
Based on historic patterns of growthBased on historic patterns of growth– Location of roadsLocation of roads– Steep slopes and other undevelopable landsSteep slopes and other undevelopable lands– Other factors that encourage/restrict developmentOther factors that encourage/restrict development
Each presented on map as GIS layerEach presented on map as GIS layer
Software simulates the processes that drive growthSoftware simulates the processes that drive growth
Simulation modelsSimulation models
Dynamic simulation modelsDynamic simulation models– Computer programs design to simulate the Computer programs design to simulate the
operation of some part of human or operation of some part of human or environmental system over timeenvironmental system over time
– Soil erosionSoil erosion– Forest growthForest growth– Groundwater movementGroundwater movement– RunoffRunoff
Example of an Environmental Example of an Environmental GIS applicationGIS application
Deforestation on Sibuyan IslandDeforestation on Sibuyan Island
Sibuyan Island, Philippines OverviewSibuyan Island, Philippines Overview
Problem: Deforestation poses major threat to Problem: Deforestation poses major threat to biodiversitybiodiversity
Objective: Identify development scenarios to Objective: Identify development scenarios to anticipate future land use and habitant change, and anticipate future land use and habitant change, and as a result anticipate changes in biodiversityas a result anticipate changes in biodiversity– Sibuyan small island (area 283 sq mi), steep Sibuyan small island (area 283 sq mi), steep
forested mountain slopes, coastal land used for forested mountain slopes, coastal land used for agriculture, mining and human settlementagriculture, mining and human settlement
– Biodiversity: 700 plant species (54 only occur in Biodiversity: 700 plant species (54 only occur in Sibuyan)Sibuyan)
Deforestation on Sibuyan IslandDeforestation on Sibuyan Island
MethodMethod
QualitativeQualitative– List of factors influencing to land use patternsList of factors influencing to land use patterns
– E.g., suitability of soil for agriculture (ideal or E.g., suitability of soil for agriculture (ideal or not) can increase likelihood that area will be not) can increase likelihood that area will be stripped of forest and used for agriculturestripped of forest and used for agriculture
Quantitative GIS-based analysisQuantitative GIS-based analysis
– Calculates the probabilities of land use Calculates the probabilities of land use transition under three scenarios of land use transition under three scenarios of land use changechange
Deforestation on Sibuyan IslandDeforestation on Sibuyan Island
Quantitative GIS-based analysisQuantitative GIS-based analysis
Scenario 1: Assumes no effective protection of Scenario 1: Assumes no effective protection of forests on islandforests on island
Scenario 2: Protection of the designated natural Scenario 2: Protection of the designated natural park alonepark alone
Scenario 3: Assumes protection not only of Scenario 3: Assumes protection not only of natural park but a GIS-defined buffer zonenatural park but a GIS-defined buffer zone
Deforestation on Sibuyan IslandDeforestation on Sibuyan Island
TechniquesTechniques
Digitizing of land features and classification Digitizing of land features and classification of imagery to obtain a land use mapof imagery to obtain a land use map
Correlation and regression analysis between Correlation and regression analysis between location factors and land uselocation factors and land use
GIS simulates scenarios of future land use GIS simulates scenarios of future land use change based on different spatial policieschange based on different spatial policies
Measures connectivity and fragmentation of Measures connectivity and fragmentation of forest, affecting ability of species to mix and forest, affecting ability of species to mix and breed without disturbancebreed without disturbance
Deforestation on Sibuyan IslandDeforestation on Sibuyan Island
Results Results
3 land use change scenarios (maps) 3 land use change scenarios (maps)
Show decreasing deforestation (increasing Show decreasing deforestation (increasing connectivity, decreasing fragmentation), connectivity, decreasing fragmentation), respectively, from Scenario 1 to 3respectively, from Scenario 1 to 3
Local environmental agencies Local environmental agencies working with GISworking with GIS
AMEC EnvironmentalAMEC Environmental
KEA EnvironmentalKEA Environmental
DUDEKDUDEK
EnviroMINE, Inc EnviroMINE, Inc
PBS&J PBS&J
TAICTAIC
HDRHDR
GIS and the InternetGIS and the InternetThrough Internet map server technology, Through Internet map server technology, spatial data can be accessed and analyzedspatial data can be accessed and analyzed
Current wildfire perimeters are displayed with a standard web Current wildfire perimeters are displayed with a standard web browser, allowing fire managers to better respond to fires while in browser, allowing fire managers to better respond to fires while in the field and helping homeowners to take precautionary measuresthe field and helping homeowners to take precautionary measures
GIS and the InternetGIS and the Internet
Google Earth allows you to view or “fly to” Google Earth allows you to view or “fly to” areas, find businesses and get directionsareas, find businesses and get directions
ReviewReview1.1. List the four main GIS software vendors.List the four main GIS software vendors.2.2. AutoDesk is the strongest GIS company in military, infrastructure and utility. AutoDesk is the strongest GIS company in military, infrastructure and utility.
(T/F)(T/F)3.3. Intergraph’s GIS product line is GeoMedia. (T/F)Intergraph’s GIS product line is GeoMedia. (T/F)4.4. Smallworld is alive and going strong. (T/F)Smallworld is alive and going strong. (T/F)5.5. Desktop GIS software focuses on data creation. (T/F)Desktop GIS software focuses on data creation. (T/F)6.6. Smartphone is a ______ GIS software system.Smartphone is a ______ GIS software system.7.7. Server GIS software has the highest number of users. (T/F)Server GIS software has the highest number of users. (T/F)8.8. What are the four traditional fields of GIS applications?What are the four traditional fields of GIS applications?9.9. List three reasons more organizations are using GIS applications.List three reasons more organizations are using GIS applications.10.10. A A Management/Policy-MakingManagement/Policy-Making application is an example of Business and application is an example of Business and
Public Service applications. (T/F)Public Service applications. (T/F)11.11. Indicators of consumer behavior available at small-level geography is the Indicators of consumer behavior available at small-level geography is the
definition of _____.definition of _____.12.12. ______ and _____ deal with movement of goods and people from one place to ______ and _____ deal with movement of goods and people from one place to
another and infrastructure that moves them.another and infrastructure that moves them.13.13. Urban sprawl is a common application in this area of GIS.Urban sprawl is a common application in this area of GIS.14.14. Sibuyan is a desert in northern Africa. (T/F)Sibuyan is a desert in northern Africa. (T/F)15.15. What traditional fields helped define GIS?What traditional fields helped define GIS?
Remainder of ClassRemainder of Class
BreakBreak
LabLab– ESRI Products pageESRI Products page– Google Earth Google Earth – ESRI Chapter 3ESRI Chapter 3
ESRI Products OverviewESRI Products Overview
1.1. Briefly describe the difference in Briefly describe the difference in functionalities between ArcExplorer, functionalities between ArcExplorer, ArcReader, and ArcView.ArcReader, and ArcView.
2.2. List the software names that can be List the software names that can be downloaded for free.downloaded for free.