GIS TECHNOLOGY AND ITS APPLICATIONS
byMr. Junny A. Manglib
Faculty, ICT Department
ISABELA STATE UNIVERSITYCollege of Development Communication and Arts & SciencesDepartment of Information and Communication Technology
Garita Heights, Cabagan, Isabela
10 March 2011 @1:30-2:30 PMEnvironmental Information Center Hall
Introduction
GIS has already affected most of us in some way without realizing it. If you have ever using an internet mapping software or program like (Google Earth Software) to find directions, you have probably used GIS.
GIS is now one of the powerful tool used to truly integrate the enterprise by leveraging the spatial component of data within the many enterprise databases. Almost all data stored has an address or locational component of each data record to build manage and analyze relationships between the data records.
In fact, an integrated GIS will allow an organization to eliminate duplicate data storage , reduces data maintenance and share data electronically across function easily and also reduce data retrieval time and eliminate the need to store multiple hardcopy documents and maps.
Users’ Application Areas of GIS
1. Agriculture -(Ex. Irrigation and Water management)
2. Management-( ex. Parks and Recreation Management, Water Resource Management )
3. Natural Sciences-(Environmental Science Assessment, Environment Impact Assessment)
4. Physical Sciences-(Hydrology, Epidemiology, Geochemistry)
5. Law-(Real Estate Analysis)
Users’ Application Areas of GIS
6. Engineering-(Environmental Engineering, Geomatics(Surveying) , Transportation Engineering and Planning)
7.Architecture-(Land use and Development Plan, Landscape Architecture)
8. Business-(Economic and Management Research, Decision Support Systems)
9. Education-(Research and Extension Activities, continuing education(as elective course)
10. Library-(Map and Imagery Collections, Government documents Archives and Management)
Users’ Application Areas of GIS
11. Military Science-(Mapping, Tactics and Strategy)12. Social Sciences-(Historic preservation, Area and
Ethnic Studies, Economic Studies, Tax Mapping and Revenue Collection Analysis)
13. Local Government Sector-(Local Governance)a. Public Safety-(monitoring and evaluation , health risk assessment, Crime Analysis, Home Land Security)b. Local Policies-(Strategic Planning)c. Fiscal Management-(Tax Analysis and Mapping, zoning and agribusiness analysis and forecasting)d. Agriculture and Natural Resources-(Community Land use Planning, Biodiversity Mapping, Watershed Management)
e. Public Service-(poverty analysis and mapping, waste management, traffic management, locating buildings and properties)
f. emergency management-GIS has been used to help government and business entities meet the challenges of major emergencies such as fire, police, secure activity, public works, building and safety emergencies.
Emergency Management Applications of GIS includes:
1. managing and allocating resources,2. planning(analysis based plans),3. visual decision support system4. risk assessment and planning)
Benefits of using GIS TechnologyThe benefit of using GIS
technology in Research and Extension Activities are as follows;
1. Fast Response Capabilities2. Saving Time3. Fast Access of Information4. Strong Analytic Capabilities5. Reduce overheads in managing
GIS Projects
Learning GISMaybe you are asking what will be an
individual's qualifications to learn GIS. Basically , for you to qualify;
(1). your Interest (2). you should be computer literate. (2). knowing the basic concepts and
theories behind the technology(4). attend more trainings on GIS(5). put into practice
WHAT IS GIS?many experts offer definition of GIS with differentemphasis placed on various aspect of GIS.
GIS is a Spatial Decision Support System(SDSS) designed for input, storage , analysis and output of geographic data. A system that has the ability to integrate information and to help people in making decisions. According to William Huxhold's book, GIS is an organize collection of computer hardware , software and geographic data, and a trained staff. A system used to efficiently capture, store, update, manipulate and display all forms of geographically referenced information.
Components of a GISThere are four components of GIS. I have ranked these components according to itsimportance.
Firstly, DATA- The core of GIS. Data alone is not enough, veracity of data and currentness' should be an important.
Secondly, PEOPLE- Refers to a well-trained people and knowledgeable in spatial analysis and skilled in using GIS software.
(ex. Technical expert, GIS specialist)
Components of a GISThirdly, HARDWARE- This refers to the
equipment needed to support the activities of GIS from data collection to data analysis. (ex. digitizer, image scanner, printer, GPS)
Fourthly, SOFTWARE- This refers to GIS application package used for creating , editing, and analyzing spatial and attribute data. (ex. GIS xtools, ArcView Software, IDRISI, NRDBpro, ARCInfo, ATLAS, WEB-GIS software)
SOURCES OF GIS DATA
Hardcopy mapsAerial photographsRemotely sensed imageryPoint data samples(from surveys
using GPS device)Existing digital data files.
DATA INPUT TECHNIQUES IN GISManual digitizingAutomatic ScanningEntry of coordinates using
Coordinate Geometry(COGO)Conversion of existing digital
data
NEEDED IN ESTABLISHING GIS CENTER
Resources required to develop a GIS Hardware Needed
1. Computer Equipment- Industry –standard personal computer with at least a Pentium or higher Intel- based microprocessor and a hard disk of not below 40 GB with CD-ROM drive
Memory (RAM)- at least 128 MB(512 or higher is recommended)
Operating System- Windows XP or Windows 7
RDBMS Software package installed= MS Office Access 2007, Oracle or SQL
Resources required to develop a GIS
2. GPS device – for gathering geographic data location
3. Large Inkjet Printer- for printing maps and hardcopy outputs, etc.
4. Image Scanner- for scanning images
5. UPS – power back-up in case of power outage
6. Digitizer- for digitizing paper maps
Software Needed
Software Specification2. Arcview 3.2 package3. AutoCAD4. ArcInfo5. IDRISI6. NRDB Pro7. Relational Database
Management System-(Oracle, Access, SQL)
Other ConsiderationsGIS Team (Technical Expert, GIS specialist,
Database programmer- training for GIS team is very important for them to be abreast in the new innovation.
Allocation of Budget- Annual Budget must be allocated
Internet Connectivity (Internet Access)- for capturing web-based GIS data and for easy sharing of geographic data with the colleagues .
GIS DEVELOPMENT CYCLE
Needs assessmentConceptual design of the GIS
systemLife cycle of a GIS databaseSurvey of available dataSurvey of available dataDetailed database design and
planningPilot study and benchmark tests
GIS Database ConstructionGIS System IntegrationGIS Application DevelopmentGIS System use and Maintenance
GIS DEVELOPMENT CYCLE
Need Assessment
Conceptual Design
Survey of Available Data
Hardware and Software Survey
Database Planning and Designing
Pilot Testing or Bench mark
Construction of GIS Database
Acquisition of GIS HW and SW
GIS System Integration
Application Development
GIS Use and Database Maintenance
GIS Development Cycle1. Evaluating the content accuracy and
availability of existing data sets or maps2. Preparation of data models of the GIS database3. Survey of available data Identification of the
basic GIS architecture (ex. Hardware and GIS software)
4. Survey of available data can commence once needed data have been identified in the needs assessment. The inventory of tabular and digital data .
5. Survey of available GIS hardware and software thorough internet for updates on the specs and prices
GIS Development Cycle6. Developing a logical or physical database design
based on the data model prepared7. Benchmark tests are intended to demonstrate the
functionality of the GIS software8. Building the digital database from the source
data(maps and tabular files)9. The database must be created in a careful and
organized manner and it must be integrated and tested for reality and functionality
10. Development of GIS application with all the functions needed to create , edit , build and maintain the database usually by GIS personnel or trained staff.
11. Use and maintain the GIS system
STAFFING REQUIREMENTS FOR A GIS
GIS project managerSkilled Database ProgrammerGIS Software Analyst
THANK YOU!
