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INDEX – GJRMI - Volume 4, Issue 7, July 2015

INDIGENOUS MEDICINE

Ayurveda – Bhaishajya Kalpana

EVALUATION ON EFFICACY OF DASHANGA LEPA (WITH SANDALWOOD) & DASHANGA

LEPA (WITH RED SANDALWOOD) ON PATIENTS OF MUKHADUSHIKA WITH SPECIAL

REFERENCE TO ACNE VULGARIS

Sawant R S*, Zinjurke B D 135–146

Review Article – Ayurveda – Dravya Guna

ANTIPYRETIC HERBAL FORMULATION WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO KWATHA

KALPANA OF SARNGADHARA SAMHITA

Vidhya Unnikrishnan*, K Nishteswar

147–161

COVER PAGE PHOTOGRAPHY: DR. HARI VENKATESH K R, PLANT ID – UNRIPE FRUITS OF RAAJAPAATHA – CYCLEA PELTATA (LAM.) HOOK.F. & THOMSON*

OF THE FAMILY MENISPERMACEAE

PLACE – KOPPA, CHIKKAMAGALUR DISTRICT, KARNATAKA, INDIA *BOTANICAL NAME VALIDATED FROM www.theplantlist.org AS ON 03/08/2015

Global J Res. Med. Plants & Indigen. Med. | Volume 4, Issue 7 | July 2015 | 135–146

Global Journal of Research on Medicinal Plants & Indigenous Medicine || GJRMI ||

ISSN 2277-4289 | www.gjrmi.com | International, Peer reviewed, Open access, Monthly Online Journal

EVALUATION ON EFFICACY OF DASHANGA LEPA (WITH

SANDALWOOD) & DASHANGA LEPA (WITH RED SANDALWOOD) ON

PATIENTS OF MUKHADUSHIKA WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO

ACNE VULGARIS

Sawant R S

1*, Zinjurke B D

2

1Assistant Professor, Department of RSBK, Smt. KGMP Ayurved College & Hospital, NSB Road, Charni

Road, Mumbai, India 2Assistant Professor, Department of Swasthavritta, Smt. KGMP Ayurved College & Hospital, NSB Road,

Charni Road, Mumbai, India

*Corresponding Author: Email: drranjeet.sawant@gmail.com; Contact no:+91 9270 60 3639

Received: 25/05/2015; Revised: 20/07/2015; Accepted: 23/07/2015

ABSTRACT

Mukhadushika affects in young age, mainly on the face, it is having pain, pustules and destroys

luster of face, in modern Science it is known as Acne vulgaris. Mukhadushika affects almost 90% of

the population in their lifetime and many cases leads to permanent scarring. Change in diet pattern,

i.e., spicy food, junk food, increasing habit of eating bakery products, pollution, mental stress,

excessive sweating & young age are the causes for acne or Mukhadushika. In this single blind trial,

investigator has made groups and divided participants into two as Group A & B. Group A and B

received Dashanga Lepa (with Red Sandalwood) & Dashanga Lepa (With Sandalwood)

respectively to apply daily once on face at home for 2 weeks. At the end of study, it is observed that

Dashanga lepa with sandalwood is more effective than Dashanga lepa with red sandalwood in

reducing surface area of Acne.

KEYWORDS: Mukhadushika, adolescents, acne, Dashanga lepa

Research article

Cite this article:

Sawant R S, Zinjurke B D (2015), EVALUATION ON EFFICACY OF

DASHANGA LEPA (WITH SANDALWOOD) & DASHANGA LEPA (WITH RED SANDALWOOD)

ON PATIENTS OF MUKHADUSHIKA WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO ACNE VULGARIS,

Global J Res. Med. Plants & Indigen. Med., Volume 4(7): 135–146

Global J Res. Med. Plants & Indigen. Med. | Volume 4, Issue 7 | July 2015 | 135–146

Global Journal of Research on Medicinal Plants & Indigenous Medicine || GJRMI ||

INTRODUCTION

According to Ayurveda, an eruption looks

like Shalmali [Salmalia malabarica] spines &

appearing on Vaktra (face). Doshas involved

are Kapha, Vata & Shonita (Ambikadutta

shastri, 2005). These signs particularly

appeared in the youth and generally considered

as Acne Vulgaris. It is also known as

Yuvanpidaka means found in young age. Acne

Vulgaris lesions are more commonly known as

pimples, whiteheads, blackheads or zits. These

lesions occur when there is a change in the skin

cell units known as pilo-sebaceous unit that

contains sebaceous glands, a substance called

sebum and a hair follicle. When dead skin cells

build up and clog these units, a breakout or

lesion is likely to occur (Britton et al., 2010).

In Ayurveda this disease has been described

under Kshudra Roga (Ambikadutta shastri,

2005) as ‘Mukhadushika’ and many

formulations have been advocated to alleviate

this problem. Dashanga lepa is mentioned in

Sharangadhara Samhita Uttar Khanda for

treatment of Kushtha (Skin disorders), Visarpa

(Herpes) & Shotha (Swelling) (Brahmanand

Tripathi, 2006). Acne affects the Twacha (skin)

and Rakta dhatu (blood), so it was decided to

use the said lepa as a trial drug. In Purva

khanda of Sharangadhara Samhita, it is

mentioned that for Kashaya & Lepa

preparation Rakta Chandana i.e. Pterocrpus

santalinus Linn. should be used (Brahmanand

Tripathi, 2006). So a study was planned to

prepare Dashanga lepa (with Red Sandalwood)

& Dashanga Lepa (with Sandalwood) to carry

out trial to evaluate their efficacy in bringing

down the symptoms in the cases of

Mukhadushika.

MATERIALS & METHOD

Procurement of Raw material

Raw Materials were procured by All India

Pharmacy Store, Paydhonie, Mumbai, (M.S),

India. All the drugs were authenticated by

pharmacognosist at Dept. of Dravyaguna, Smt.

KGMP Ayurved College & Hospital, Mumbai,

Maharashtra State, India. Their identification is

summarized in [Table 1 & 2].

Contents of the Formulation

Table no. 1. Ingredients of Dashanga Lepa (with Red Sandalwood)

Contents Latin Name Part used Proportion

Shireesha Albizzia lebbeck Benth. Skin 1 part

Yashimadhu Glycyrrhiza glabra Linn. Root 1 part

Tagar Valeriana walichii DC. Bark 1 part

Rakta Chandana Pterocarpus santalinus Linn. f. heartwood 1 part

Ela Elettaria cardamomum Maton. Fruit 1 part

Jatamansi Nardostachys jatamansi DC. Root 1 part

Haridra Curcuma longa Linn. Rhizome 1 part

Daruharidra Berberis aristata DC. Bark 1 part

Kushtha Saussurea lappa C. B. Clarke Rhizome 1 part

Usheera Vetiveria zizanioides Root 1 part

Global J Res. Med. Plants & Indigen. Med. | Volume 4, Issue 7 | July 2015 | 135–146

Global Journal of Research on Medicinal Plants & Indigenous Medicine || GJRMI ||

Table no. 2. Ingredients of Dashanga Lepa (with Sandalwood)

Contents Latin Name Part used Proportion

Shireesha Albizzia lebbeck Benth. Skin 1 part

Yashimadhu Glycyrrhiza glabra Linn. Root 1 part

Tagar Valeriana walichii DC. Bark 1 part

Chandana Santalum album Linn. f. heartwood 1 part

Ela Elettaria cardamomum Maton. Fruit 1 part

Jatamansi Nardostachys jatamansi DC. Root 1 part

Haridra Curcuma longa Linn. Rhizome 1 part

Daruharidra Berberis aristata DC. Bark 1 part

Kushtha Saussurea lappa C. B. Clarke Rhizome 1 part

Usheera Vetiveria zizanioides Root 1 part

Method of preparation of Lepa

The above mentioned drugs were powdered

individually in a mortar – pestle to get fine

powder. Equal quantities of powders of

individual drugs were taken in a vessel and

mixed with normal water to make them into a

Lepa or paste form (Brahmanand Tripathi,

2006). This Lepa is advised to apply over the

face.

STUDY DESIGN

Ethical clearance - Institutional Ethics

Committee Approval and Regulatory

Compliance

Before the initiation of the study, the study

protocol and related documents were reviewed

and approved by Institutional Ethics Committee

at Smt. KGMP Ayurved College & Hospital,

Mumbai, Maharashtra State, India. The study

was conducted in accordance with Schedule Y

of Drugs and Cosmetics act, India, amended in

2005 and ICMR ethical guidelines for

biomedical research on human participants

2006 (IEC Clearance no -

KGMP/NOTICE/1263/2009 Dated-

12.04.2014).

No. of patients- Total 60 participants were

registered in this trial. (30 patients in each

group)

The study was carried out in following steps:-

After diagnosis these 60 patients were

randomly divided into two groups and were

subjected to Lepa Therapy.

Group A

In this group, Dashanga Lepa (With Red

Sandalwood) was given for application.

Group B

In this group, Dashanga Lepa (With

Sandalwood) was given for application.

Inclusion criteria

Ages 14–25 years;

Signed informed consent prior to any

study-mandated procedure.

Willing to comply with daily protocol.

Having sign & symptoms of

Mukhadushika.

Exclusion Criteria

Patient requiring acute medical care.

Active malignancy, autoimmune

condition, or treatment with

immunosuppressive drugs

Patients having psoriasis, Leprosy,

Diabetic & non-healing, infective

wound, or infective skin diseases

Major Burns, wet eczema, etc.

ASSESSMENT CRITERIA

Surface area – measured in cms2

Texture of skin – Dry or Moist

Pain, Discharge, Burning – Absent or Present

Overall effect of Therapy – VAS (Visual

Analogue Scale) – 0 to 10

Global J Res. Med. Plants & Indigen. Med. | Volume 4, Issue 7 | July 2015 | 135–146

Global Journal of Research on Medicinal Plants & Indigenous Medicine || GJRMI ||

Investigational Product

Description

1. Group A - Dashanga Lepa (With Red Sandalwood)

2. Group B - Dashanga Lepa (With Sandalwood)

Dosage form Lepa

Route of administration Local application

Single application 20 gm each.

Daily application Once a day.

Follow up After 7 days

Total Duration 2 weeks

Method of application of Lepa:

It is having three steps:

Poorva Karma:

The patient was asked to wash the face with

lukewarm water prior to application of Lepa.

Pradhana Karma:

Required quantity of powder was taken and

normal water was added in sufficient amount to

convert it in to Lepa form. The patients were

advised to apply Lepa in the opposite direction

to hair roots, all over the face. The Lepa was

applied with a uniform thickness of one fourth

of once own thumb width (about 1/4th

of an

inch). Lepa was applied in morning (between 7

and 10 am) and it should be applied over the

face for at least forty five minutes to one hour

or until Lepa gets dried up) (Brahmanand

Tripathi, 2006).

Paschat Karma:

After the drying up of the Lepa, the patients

were asked to wash the face with normal water

and were advised to take routine diet.

Analysis of Data:

For parametric data, Student’s Paired &

Unpaired ‘t’ test was used, whereas non-

parametric data was evaluated using Fisher’s

exact test using statistical software Graph pad

Instate 3. p<0.05 will be considered as level of

significance.

OBSERVATION & RESULTS

A total number of 60 patients (30 patients

per group) having signs & symptoms of

Mukhadushika were selected for study. All 60

patients completed study. Demographic

observations tabulated are as follows:

Parameter Group A Group B Total

Sex

Male 13 10 23

Female 17 20 37

Age (yrs)

14-20 18 24 42

>20 12 6 18

Diet

Vegetarian 22 21 43

Mixed 8 9 17

Habit

Tea 11 14 25

No Habit 19 16 35

Global J Res. Med. Plants & Indigen. Med. | Volume 4, Issue 7 | July 2015 | 135–146

Global Journal of Research on Medicinal Plants & Indigenous Medicine || GJRMI ||

Distribution of patients according to

Gradation of Mukhadushika

The patients recruited in this trial were

distributed according to gradation of

Mukhadushika are shown in following [Figure

1].

Effect of Trial Drug on Mukhadushika (Area

affected) - Group A

Mean area affected by Mukhadushika in

Group A before treatment was 9.57 + 7.58

which was reduced to 8.76 + 6.57 after

treatment. The two-tailed P value is 0.1487,

considered not significant [Table 3].

Effect of Trial Drug on Mukhadushika (Area

affected) - Group B

Mean area affected by Mukhadushika in

Group B before treatment was 9.49 + 5.0 which

was reduced to 6.90 + 3.98 after treatment. The

two-tailed P value is < 0.0001, considered

extremely significant [Table 4].

Comparison of Effect of Trial Drug on Acne

surface area between Group A & B

When both groups are compared

statistically with unpaired t test for their

outcome reveals that trial drug in group B show

Significant changes over Group A. The two-

tailed P value is 0.1900, considered not

significant [Figure 2 &Table 5].

Figure 1: Graphical presentation showing Distribution of patients’ according to gradation of

Mukhadushika

Table 3: Effect of Trial Drug on Acne surface area in Group A

Parameter Before

Treatment

After

Treatment

Difference

Mean 9.567 8.758 0.8083

Std deviation 7.558 6.565 2.984

Std error 1.380 1.199 0.5448

0

5

10

15

20

25

Grade I Grade II Grade III

13

17

0

5

25

0

No

. of

Pat

ien

ts

Grade of Acne

Distribution of patients according to gradation of Mukhadushika

Group A

Group B

Global J Res. Med. Plants & Indigen. Med. | Volume 4, Issue 7 | July 2015 | 135–146

Global Journal of Research on Medicinal Plants & Indigenous Medicine || GJRMI ||

Table 4: Effect of Trial Drug on Mukhadushika surface area in Group A

Parameter Before

Treatment

After

Treatment Difference

Mean 9.492 6.900 2.592

Std deviation 5.004 3.975 3.128

Std error 0.9136 0.7257 0.5710

Figure 2: Graphical presentation showing Comparison of Effect of Trial Drug on

Mukhadushika surface area (Group A & B)

Table 5: Comparison of Effect of Trial Drug on Acne surface area

Parameter Group A Group B

Mean 8.758 6.900

Std deviation 6.565 3.975

Std error 1.199 0.7257

Effect of Trial drug on Texture of Skin in

Group A

The texture of skin was recorded as dry &

moist. At the beginning texture of skin was

moist in 28 patients & dry in two patients. At

end of study texture of skin was moist in 29

patients & dry in one patient. Fisher's Exact

Test applied & it was observed that the two-

sided P value is 1.0000, considered not

significant [Table 6].

Effect of Trial drug on Texture of Skin in

Group B

The texture of skin was recorded as dry &

moist. At the beginning texture of skin was

moist in 28 patients & dry in 2 patients. At end

of study texture of skin was moist in 26

patients & dry in 4 patients. Fisher's Exact Test

applied & it was observed that The two-sided P

value is 0.6707, considered not significant

[Table 7].

0

2

4

6

8

10

Group A Group B

9.57 9.498.76

6.9

Surf

ace

are

a (C

m2 )

Comparison of Effect of Trial Drug on Mukhadushika surface area (Group A & B)

BT

AT

Global J Res. Med. Plants & Indigen. Med. | Volume 4, Issue 7 | July 2015 | 135–146

Global Journal of Research on Medicinal Plants & Indigenous Medicine || GJRMI ||

Effect of Trial drug on Pain at site of

Mukhadushika in Group A

The pain at the site of Mukhadushika was

recorded as present & absent. At the beginning

pain was absent in 25 patients & present in 5

patients. At end of study pain was absent in 26

patients & dry in 4 patients. Fisher's Exact Test

applied & it was observed that two-sided P

value is 1.0000, considered not significant

[Table 8].

Effect of Trial drug on Pain at site of

Mukhadushika in Group B

The pain at the site of Mukhadushika was

recorded as present & absent. At the beginning

pain was absent in 27 patients & present in 3

patients. At end of study no change was found.

Fisher's Exact Test applied & it was observed

that the two-sided P value is 1.0000, considered

not significant [Table 9].

Table 6: Effect of Trial drug on Texture of Skin in Group A

Moist Dry Total

BT 28 29 57

(47%) (48%) (95%)

AT 2 1 3

(3%) (2%) (5%)

Total 30 30 60

(50%) (50%) (100%)

Table 7: Effect of Trial drug on Texture of Skin in Group B

BT AT Total

Moist 28 26 54

(47%) (43%) (90%)

Dry 2 4 6

(3%) (7%) (10%)

Total 30 30 60

(50%) (50%) (100%)

Table 8: Effect of Trial drug on Pain at site of Mukhadushika in Group A

BT AT Total

Absent 25 26 51

(42%) (43%) (85%)

Present 5 4 9

(8%) (7%) (15%)

Total 30 30 60

(50%) (50%) (100%)

Global J Res. Med. Plants & Indigen. Med. | Volume 4, Issue 7 | July 2015 | 135–146

Global Journal of Research on Medicinal Plants & Indigenous Medicine || GJRMI ||

Table 9: Effect of Trial drug on Pain at site of Mukhadushika in Group B

BT AT Total

Absent 27 27 54

(45%) (45%) (90%)

Present 3 3 6

(5%) (5%) (10%)

Total 30 30 60

(50%) (50%) (100%)

Effect of Trial drug on Discharge in

Mukhadushika in Group A

The discharge at the site of acne was

recorded as present & absent. At the beginning

discharge was absent in 25 patients & present

in 5 patients. At end of study it was absent in

27 patients & present in 3 patients. Fisher's

Exact Test applied & it was observed that the

two-sided P value is 0.7065, considered not

significant [Table 10].

Effect of Trial drug on Discharge in Acne in

Group B

The discharge at the site of acne was

recorded as present & absent. At the beginning

discharge was absent in 25 patients & present

in 5 patients. At end of study it was absent in

27 patients & present in 3 patients. Fisher's

Exact Test applied & it was observed that the

two-sided P value is 0.7065, considered not

significant [Table 11].

Effect of Trial drug on Burning in

Mukhadushika in Group A

Burning was recorded as present and

absent. At the beginning of trial burning was

present in 05 patients whereas it was absent in

25. At the end of study i.e. at day 15th

no

change was found. The two-sided P value is

1.0000, considered not significant [Table 12].

Effect of Trial drug on Burning in

Mukhadushika in Group B

Burning was recorded as present and

absent. At the beginning of trial burning was

present in 05 patients whereas it was absent in

25. At the end of study i.e. at day 15th

burning

present in 03 patients & absent in 27 patients.

The two-sided P value is 0.7065, considered

not significant [Table 13].

Table 10: Effect of Trial drug on Discharge in Mukhadushika in Group A

BT AT Total

Absent 25 27 52

(42%) (45%) (87%)

Present 5 3 8

(8%) (5%) (13%)

Total 30 30 60

(50%) (50%) (100%)

Global J Res. Med. Plants & Indigen. Med. | Volume 4, Issue 7 | July 2015 | 135–146

Global Journal of Research on Medicinal Plants & Indigenous Medicine || GJRMI ||

Table 11: Effect of Trial drug on Discharge in Mukhadushika in Group B

BT AT Total

Absent 25 27 52

(42%) (45%) (87%)

Present 5 3 8

(8%) (5%) (13%)

Total 30 30 60

(50%) (50%) (100%)

Table 12: Effect of Trial drug on Burning in Mukhadushika in Group A

BT AT Total

Absent 25 25 50

(42%) (42%) (83%)

Present 5 5 10

(8%) (8%) (17%)

Total 30 30 60

(50%) (50%) (100%)

Table 13: Effect of Trial drug on Burning in Mukhadushika in Group B

BT AT Total

Absent 25 27 52

(42%) (45%) (87%)

Present 5 3 8

(8%) (5%) (13%)

Total 30 30 60

(50%) (50%) (100%)

Overall Effect of trial drug on

Mukhadushika by visual analogue scale

(Group A)

Visual Analogue Scale was recorded at

initial stage & end of study. The mean score of

VAS at initial stage was 7.333 + 12.01 which

was increased to 38.667 + 15.02. It shows

encouraging results within individuals / patient

after using trial drug. The two-tailed P value is

< 0.0001, considered extremely significant

[Table 14].

Overall Effect of trial drug on

Mukhadushika by visual analogue scale

(Group B)

Visual Analogue Scale was recorded at

initial stage & end of study. The mean score of

VAS at initial stage was 1.667 + 6.47 which

was increased to 47.167 + 12.01. It shows

highly encouraging results within individuals /

patient after using trial drug. The two-tailed P

value is < 0.0001, considered extremely

significant [Table 15].

Comparison of Effect of trial drug on

Mukhadushika by visual analogue scale

(Group A & B)

When both groups are compared

statistically with unpaired t test for their

outcome reveals that trial drug in group B show

highly encouraging results over Group A. The

two-tailed P value is 0.0187, considered

significant [Figure 3 &Table 16].

Global J Res. Med. Plants & Indigen. Med. | Volume 4, Issue 7 | July 2015 | 135–146

Global Journal of Research on Medicinal Plants & Indigenous Medicine || GJRMI ||

Table 14: Overall Effect of trial drug on Mukhadushika by VAS (Group A)

Parameter Before

Treatment

After

Treatment Difference

Mean 7.333 38.667 31.333

Std deviation 12.015 15.025 16.132

Std error 2.194 2.743 2.945

Table 15: Overall Effect of trial drug on Mukhadushika by VAS (Group B)

Parameter Column A Column B Difference

Mean 1.667 47.167 45.500

Std deviation 6.477 12.012 14.524

Std error 1.183 2.193 2.652

Figure 3: Graphical presentation showing Comparison of Effect of Trial Drug on Acne by

visual analogue scale (Group A & B)

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Group A Group B

Me

an V

AS

Sco

re

Comparison of Effect of trial drug on Acne vulgaris by visual analogue scale (Group A & B)

BT

AT

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Global Journal of Research on Medicinal Plants & Indigenous Medicine || GJRMI ||

Table 16: Summary of Data

Parameter Column A Column B

Mean 38.667 47.167

Std deviation 15.025 12.012

Std error 2.743 2.193

DISCUSSION

In Sharangadhara Samhita, it was

mentioned that Rakta Chandana should be used

for preparation of Kashaya (decoction) & Lepa

(External Application). Dashanga Lepa also

contains Raktachandana as one of the

ingredient. At the same time, Bhavaprakasha

indicates no direct role of Chandana & Rakta

chandana in skin disorders or Mukhadushika

but both are mean to be blood purifier & pitta

shamaka (Vishwanath Dwivedi, 1974). The

studies available also indicated role of

sandalwood in more in curing skin lesions

(Sharma, Navin Kumar, 2013). Sandalwood

powder is used widely in preparations of Face

packs than Red Sandalwood (Grace, X &

Fatima, 2014). So, the present study was

conducted to evaluate efficacy of Dashanga

Lepa (with Red sandalwood) & Dashanga

Lepa (with sandalwood) on patients of

Mukhdushika with special reference to Acne

vulgaris. The study was divided in two groups.

Mean area affected by Mukhadushika in

Group A before treatment was reduced but not

considered to be significant. The texture of skin

was recorded as dry & moist. Moisture of skin

was maintained in this group indicates that

Dashanga Lepa with Red sandalwood doesn’t

cause any dryness if used frequently. The pain

at the site of acne was unchanged at end of

study showing no role of lepa in reducing pain.

Dashanga Lepa with Red sandalwood doesn’t

cause any augment in discharge but in some

cases it showed reduction in discharge. Burning

was present in 05 patients which was

unchanged at the end of study. The mean score

of VAS at initial stage was increased showing

encouraging results within individuals / patient

after using trial drug.

Mean area affected by Acne vulgaris in

Group B before treatment was reduced

significantly. The presence of Sandal wood

Dashanga Lepa has augmented the results to

reduce the affected area in Acne. The texture of

skin was changed from moist to dry in some

patients. No change was found in pain at the

site of acne. Dashanga Lepa with sandalwood

doesn’t cause any augment in discharge but in

some cases it showed reduction in discharge.

Burning was present in 05 patients which was

unchanged at the end of study. Visual

Analogue Scale Score was increased at the end

of study. It shows highly encouraging results

within individuals / patient after using trial

drug.

When both groups are compared

statistically for effect on surface area of Acne

with unpaired t test for their outcome reveals

that trial drug in group B show Significant

changes over Group A. These changes might be

due to presence of Sandalwood in Dashanga

Lepa which along with turmeric showed

excellent results in reducing affected area of

Acne.

Both the trial drugs showed minimal effects

on symptoms like texture of skin (dry/moist),

pain & discharge in Acne. But when both

groups are compared statistically for effect on

VAS (Visual Analogue Scale) with unpaired t

test for their outcome reveals that trial drug in

group B show highly encouraging results over

Group A.

CONCLUSION

The study concludes both drugs Dashanga

Lepa (with Red sandalwood) & Dashanga lepa

(with sandalwood) are effective and safe to use

in patients with Acne Vulgaris. Dashanga lepa

(with sandalwood) is more effective than

Dashanga Lepa (with Red sandalwood) in

reducing surface area of Acne according to the

present study.

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REFERENCES

Ambikadutta Shastri (2005). Sushruta sahmita,

hindi translation. Reprint; Chaukambha

Sanskrit Sansthana; Varanasi, India.

2005. p. 4, 281, 287.

Brahmanand Tripathi (2006). Sharangashara,

Hindi commentary, Reprint,

Chaukhamba Surabharati Publication,

Varanasi, India. 2006. p. 18, 391

Britton (2010) the editors Nicki R. Colledge,

Brian R. Walker, Stuart H. Ralston;

illustrated by Robert (2010). Davidsons

principles and practice of

medicine. 21sted. Edinburgh: Churchill

Livingstone/Elsevier. pp. 1267–1268.

Collier CN, Harper JC, Cafardi JA, Cantrell

WC, Wang W, Foster KW, Elewski BE.

(2007) The prevalence of acne in adults

20 years and older. J Am Acad

Dermatol. 2008 Jan;58(1):56–9.

Grace, X. Fatima, (2014). "Preparation and

evaluation of herbal face pack." Adv J

Pharm Life sci Res, 2014 2;3:1–6

Sharma, Navin Kumar, (2013). "Evaluation of

Antimicrobial, Safety and Efficacy of

Medimix bathing bar with Sandal and

Eladi oil." Egyptian Dermatology

Online Journal 9.2 (2013): 1.

Vishwanath Dwivedi (1974). Bhavaprakasha

Nighantu, hindi commentary, 8th

ed.

Motilal Banarasidas Publications, New

Delhi, India. 1974. p. 98–102.

Source of Support: NIL Conflict of Interest: None Declared

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ISSN 2277-4289 | www.gjrmi.com | International, Peer reviewed, Open access, Monthly Online Journal

ANTIPYRETIC HERBAL FORMULATION WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE

TO KWATHA KALPANA OF SARNGADHARA SAMHITA

Vidhya Unnikrishnan1*, K Nishteswar

2

1Ph.D Scholar, Department of Dravyaguna, IPGT & RA, Jamnagar, Gujarat, India

2Professor and HOD, Department of Dravyaguna, IPGT & RA, Jamnagar, Gujarat, India

*Corresponding Author: E mail: drvidya.unni@gmail.com

Received: 24/05/2015; Revised: 10/07/2015; Accepted: 25/07/2015

ABSTRACT

Jwara (fever) was extensively dealt in ayurvedic classics. Various types of fevers like

sannipatajwara, vishamajwara, jeernajwara, punaravartakajwara refer to typhoid, malaria, chronic

fever, relapsing fever of bacterial viral and parasitic in origin. Sarngadhara samhita (13th

century) a

medieval treatise mainly dealt pharmaceutics of Ayurveda and mentioned single, simple and

polyherbal formulations in different dosage forms like swarasa (juice), kalka (paste), kwatha

(decoction), phanta (hot infusion) and hima (cold infusion). Out of all the dosage forms kwatha

chapter contains highest number of antipyretic formulations. In the present review an attempt has

been made to re-identify the herbs included in these formulations by taking into consideration the

interpretations given by Adhamalla (14th

AD) who has written a very lucid commentary on

Sarngadhara samhita. This exercise may help to develop safe and effective herbal antipyretics which

are not yet developed for rendering symptomatic relief in pyrexia

KEYWORDS: Jwara, Herbal Antipyretics, Sarngadhara samhita

Review Article

Cite this article:

Vidhya Unnikrishnan, K Nishteswar (2015), ANTIPYRETIC HERBAL FORMULATION

WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO KWATHA KALPANA OF SARNGADHARA SAMHITA,

Global J Res. Med. Plants & Indigen. Med., Volume 4(7): 147–161

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INTRODUCTION

Charaka samhita (1000BC), for the first

time attempted to introduce one group

consisting of 10 drugs under the name

Jwarahara dasaimani. The group consists of

medicinal plants namely, Sariva (Hemidesmus

indicus R.Br.), Sarkara (Themeda arundinacea

(Roxb.) A.Camus), Pata (Cissampelos pareira

Linn.), Manjishta (Rubia cordifolia Linn.),

Draksha (Vitis vinifera Linn), Peelu (Salvadora

persica Linn), Parooshaka (Grewia asiatica

Linn), Abhaya (Terminalia chebula Retz.),

Amalaka (Emblica officinalis Gaertn.) and

Vibheetaka (Terminalia bellirica

(Gaertn.) Roxb.) (Charaka samhita sutrasthana

4/39) (Trikamji Yadavji, 2011). The drugs of

this group can be prescribed for symptomatic

relief from fever and also employed in the

management of various infectious fevers.

Charaka observes that jwara (fever)

accompanies every individual at the time of

birth and death (Charaka samhita chikitsa

3/25) (Trikamji Yadavji, 2011). Sarngadhara

has enumerated 25 types of fever basing on

Tridosha (three biohumors), onset of fever and

psychic factors like fever, anger, toxic

substances, pungent smells and subtle

organisms(Sarngadhara samhita

pradhamakhanda 7/2–6) (P. Sastri, 2005). All

these varieties can be categorized under

Susrutha’s Ashtavidhajwara (8 varieties of

fever). The psychological factors like kama

(desire or lust), Krodha (anger), bhaya (fear),

vidwesha (hatredness) etc also initially vitiate

Tridoshas (vayu, pitta and kapha) which are the

prime factors in most of the diseases including

jwara. It is also observed that jwara is the

prime condition which proceeds before the

manifestation of most of the diseases. Improper

diet and behavior leads to hypofunction of agni

(Digestive and metabolic factors), is considered

as sole cause of jwara which results in

imbalance of functions of deha (body), indriya

(sensory organs), and bala (immunity) in the

form of irritation and burning sensation of

whole body.

Fever is rise in body temperature which

occurs following infection and inflammation,

and may be produced by a wide variety of

organisms including bacteria, viruses, fungi,

yeast and protozoa and by many inflammatory

and related reactions such as tissue damage and

necrosis, malignancy, antigen-antibody

reactions and tissue graft rejection. Fever is

classified on the pattern of temperature changes

(A.S Milton, 1976). Although fever benefits the

nonspecific immune response to invading

microorganisms, it is also viewed as a source of

discomfort and is commonly suppressed with

antipyretic medication. An antipyretic is a type

of medication that will prevent or reduce fever

by lowering body temperature from a raised

state. They will not affect normal body

temperature if the patient does not have a fever.

In the present review an attempt has been

made to re-identify the herbs included in the

antipyretic kwatha formulations of

Sarngadhara samhita by taking into

consideration the interpretations given by

Adhamalla (14th

AD). In the light of these

information and modern scientific validations a

new herbal antipyretic formulation is suggested

for rendering symptomatic relief in pyrexia.

MATERIALS & METHODS

Sarngadhra samhita with Adhamalla

commentary, other Ayurvedic classics, journals

and websites were consulted to compile the

specific information about antipyretic drugs.

Sarngadhara samhita denoted in total 38

decoctions for the management of fever (Table-

1).

After a systematic analysis, 65 drugs were

botanically identified from these 38

Jwaraharakwathayogas. Guduchi (Tinospora

cordifolia (Thunb.) Miers) and Sunti (Zingiber

officinale Roscoe) are included in most of these

Kwathayogas. Adhamalla, the versatile

commentator has furnished some information

with regard to identification of these herbs and

their part to be used (Table 2).

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Table 1- Decoctions mentioned in Sarngadhara samhita with number of herbs (Sarngadhara

samhita Madhyamakhanda Chapter.2) (P. Sastri, 2005)

No. Name of the formulation Indication No.of herbs

1 Guduchyadikwatha Sarvajwarahara 5

2 Guduchyadikwatha Vatajwarahara 3

3 Saliparnyadikwatha Vatajwarahara 5

4 Kasmaryadikwatha Vatajwarahara 5

5 Katphaladikwatha Pittajwarahara 5

6 Parpatadikwatha Pittajwarahara 6

7 Drakshadikwatha Pittajwarahara 6

8 Parpatakwatha Pittajwarahara 1

9 Parpatachandanadikwatha Pittajwarahara 4

10 Beejapooradikwatha Sleshmajwarahara 4

11 Bhoonimbadikwatha Sleshmajwarahara 8

12 Patoladikwatha Sleshmajwarahara 8

13 Panchabhadrakwatha Vatapittajwarahara 5

14 Laghukshudradikwatha Kaphavatajwarahara 4

15 Aragvadadikwatha Vatakaphajwarahara 5

16 Amritashtakakwatha Pittasleshmajwarahara 8

17 Patoladikwatha Pittasleshmajwarahara 6

18 Kantakarikwatha Sarvajwarahara 5

19 Dasamoolakwatha Vatakaphajwara 10

20 Abhayadikwatha Tridoshajwarahara 14

21 Ashtavimsatiganakwatha Sarvajwarahara 28

22 Ashtadasangakwatha Sannipatajwarahara 18

23 Katphaladikwatha Tridoshajwarahara 11

24 Nidigdhikadikwatha Jeernajwara 3

25 Devadarvyadikwatha Jeernajwara 20

26 Brihatkshudradi Seethajwarahara 16

27 Mustadikwatha Vishamajwarahara 5

28 Patoladikwatha Ekahikajwarahara 8

29 Guduchyadikwatha Tritiyakajwara 6

30 Devadarvyadikwatha Chaturthikajwarahara 6

31 Brihatguduchyadikwatha Jwaraatisaranasana 14

32 Nagaradikwatha Jwaraatisaranasana 5

33 Hreeberadikwatha Jwaraghna 12

34 Vasadikwatha Sleshmapittajwarahara 3

35 Vasadikwatha Jwarakasahara 3

36 Shadangapana Pipasa, Jwaranasana 6

37 Panchamoolipaya Jwaranasana 5

38 Trikantakapaya Kaphajwarahara 5

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Table 2- Interpretation of herbs given by Adhamalla (Sarngadhara samhita Madhyamakhanda

Chapter.2) (P. Sastri, 2005)

No Name of the drug Interpretation

1. Arishta Nimba

2. Padmaka Padmakam Kashtam

3. Padmam Padmakesaram

4. Sariva Anantamoolam

5. Vasaka Atarooshaka

6. Vrisha Vasaka

7. Tikta Katurohini

8. Kairata Bhoonimba

9. Dhanvayasha Duralabha

10. Priyangu Latapriyanguphala

11. Kritamalaka Rajavriksha

12. Beejapoora Sipha Matulanga Jata

13. Mahoushadham Sunthi

14. Nagaram Sunthi

15. Granthikam Pippalimoolam

16. Sati Karchoorabheda

17. Abda Mustha

18. Chandana Raktachandana

19. Indrayava Kutajabeejam

20. Brhatidvayam Kantakaridvayam

21. Agnimantha Arani

22. Kasmari Gambhari(moolam)

23. Ambuda Musta

24. Rohisha Gandhatrina

25. Sringi Karkatakasringi

26. Nidigdhika Laghukandakarika

27. Kshudra Laghukantakarika

28. Bharngi Brahmanayashtika

29. Poushkaram Pushkaramoolam

30. Dhatri Amalaki

31. Samyaka Kritamalaka

32. Siva Haritaki

33. Pathya Haritaki

34. Vatsaka Kutajatvak

35. Kutajatvak(Abhavadravya) Sakrabheejam Dvigunam

36. Parpata Katupatra

37. Mahadaru Devadaru

38. Gajapippalika Chavikaphalam

39. Kritamalaka Aragvadhaphalam

40. Chinna Guduchi

41. Amrita Guduchi

42. Hreeberam Valakam

43. Udeechya Valakam

44. Renuka Kounti

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The same drugs are used under various names in different kwathayogas. Table 2 helps in the identification of these herbs. The synonym Tikta is used for Katurohini. Kairata is identified as Bhunimba. Whenever Chandana is mentioned in Kwathayogas, Adhamalla advocates the use of Raktachandana. He mentions the use of Latapriyanguphala for Priyangu and

Gambharimoola for Gambhari. Gajapippali is identified as Chavikaphala. Adhamalla mentions the use of Sakrabeeja as a substitute for Kutajatvak. The quantity of sakrabeeja to be used should be twice that mentioned for kutajatvak. The botanical identification of the herbs used and their modern scientific validations supporting antipyretic activities are furnished in Table 3.

Table 3: Botanical identification of drugs in Jwarahara Kwatha Yogas.

No Drug Botanical name Activities Reported

1. Ativisha Aconitum heterophyllum Wall. ex

Royle

Antimicrobial (Nidhi srivastava et

al., 2011)

2. Prativisha Aconitum palmatum D.Don --

3. Vacha Acorus calamus Linn. Antipyretic (Arul Daniel J et al.,

2014), Antiviral, Antibacterial (Devi

and Ganjewala 2009),

Antiplasmodial, Antifungal

4. Vasa,

Vasaka,Vrisha

Adhatoda vasica Nees. Antibacterial (Patel VK et al., 1984),

Antifungal, Antiviral, Antimalarial

5. Bilwa Aegle marmelos Corr. Antipyretic (Arul V et al., 2005),

Antifungal, Antibacterial, Antiviral

(coxsackieviruses) (Badam L et al.,

2002),

6. Duralabha,

Dusparsa

Alhagi camelorum Fisch. Antipyretic, Antibacterial (Sulaiman

GM 2014)

7. Bhunimba, Kairata Andrographis paniculata

(Burm.f.) Wall. ex Nees

Anti-malarial (Najib Nik A et al.,

1999), filaricidal, Antiviral (Wiart C

et al., 2005)

8. Ajamoda,

Deepyaka

Apium graveolens Linn Antibacterial (Baananou S et al.,

2013)

9. Satavari Asparagus racemosus Willd. Antipyretic (Vasundra et al., 2013),

Antibacterial

10. Nimba, Arishta Azadirachta indica A.Juss. Antipyretic (Okpanyi SN et al.,

1981), Antibacterial (Kunjal S.

Mistry et al., 2014), Antifungal

11. Sarshapa Brassica campestris Linn Antibacterial (Yasmin et al., 2009)

12. Priyangu Callicarpa macrophylla Vahl Antipyretic, Antibacterial (Yadav V

et al., 2012)

13. Arka Calotropis procera

(Aiton) W.T.Aiton

Antipyretic (Chitme HR et al.,

2005), Antibacterial (Abdulmoniem

MA et al., 2012)

14. Krishna jeeraka Carum carvi Linn Antibacterial (Nicola S et al.,

2005), Antifungal

15. Aragvadha,

Samyaka,

Kritamalaka

Cassia fistula Linn Antibacterial, antifungal (Bhalodia

NR et al., 2012) antipyretic (Patel N

et al., 2010), antiviral (RC Agarwal

et al., 2012)

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16. Devadaru Cedrus deodara (Roxb.) G.Don Antibacterial (chopra AK et al.,

2004); Antiviral, Antimalarial

(Makhaik M et al., 2005)

17. Pata Cissampelos pareira. Linn Antipyretic (Reza HM et al., 2014),

Antibacterial,

Antimalarial, Antifungal, Antiyeast

(Arora Manu et al., 2012)

18. Beejapoora Citrus medica Linn Antimicrobial (Kabra AO et al.,

2012)

19. Bharngi Clerodendrum serratum Linn Antipyretic (Narayanan N et

al.,1999), Antibacterial (Poornima

BS et al., 2015)

20. Dhanyaka Coriandrum sativum Linn Antibacterial, Antifungal (Xin-Zhi

Cao et al., 2012)

21. Ajaji Cuminum cyminum Linn Antibacterial (Nicola S et al.,

2005), Antifungal

22. Rohisha Cymbopogon martinii

(Roxb.) Wats.

Antibacterial, Antifungal (Prashar A

et al., 2003)

23. Ambuda, Musta Cyperus rotundus Linn Antipyretic (Gupta mradu et al.,

2013), Antibacterial, Antiviral

24. Salaparni Desmodium gangeticum (L.) DC Antibacterial, Antiviral (Ganjhu R.K

et al., 2014)

25. Vidanga Embelia ribes Burm.f. Antipyretic, Antibacterial

(Mohammad Alam Khan et al.,

2010)

26. Amalaki, Dhatri Emblica officinalis Gaertn. Antipyretic (Gupta mradu et al.,

2013), Antimicrobial, Antifungal

27. Hingu Ferula foetida Linn Antibacterial (Mohammad Mehdi

Fani et al., 2015)

28. Parpata Fumaria indica (Hausskn.)

Pugsley

Antibacterial, Antifungal,

Antipyretic (Gupta PC et al., 2012)

29. Trayamana Gentiana kurroo Royle. Antibacterial (Baba SA et al., 2014)

30. Madhuka Glycyrrhyza glabra Linn Antiviral: (encephalitis),

Antimicrobial, Antipyretic (Asha

roshan et al., 2012)

31. Kasmari Gmelina arborea Roxb. Antibacterial (El Mahmood AM et

al., 2010), Antipyretic (Pravat KP et

al., 2011)

32. Sati Hedychium spicatum Sm. in

A.Rees

Antibacterial, Antifungal, (Sravani T

et al., 2011)

33. Sariva Hemidesmus indicus R.Br Antipyretic (Lakshman K et al.,

2006)

34. Kutaja, Indrayava Holarrhena antidysenterica (Linn.) Wall.

Antiplasmodial, Antibacterial

(Snehadri sinha et al., 2013)

35. Pushkara,

Poushkara

Inula racemosa Hook.f. Antibacterial, Antifungal (PD

Lokhande et al., 2007)

36. Murva Marsdenia tenacissima Wight &

Arn

--

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37. Katphala Myrica nagi Thunb. Antipyretic, Antifungal,

Antibacterial (Chandra S et al.,

2012)

38. Syonaka,

Sookanasa

Oroxylum indicum

(L.) Benth. ex Kurz

Antimicrobial (LG Radhika et al.,

2011)

39. Hreeberam,

Valakam, Udichya

Pavonia odorata Willd. Antibacterial, Antifungal (Seems

Nakhare et al., 1992)

40. Katuki, Tikta Picrorrhiza kurrooa Royle ex

Benth

Antipyretic (A Rajani et al., 2014),

Antibacterial

41. Renuka Piper aurantiacum Wall. ex C. DC

--

42. Chavya Piper chaba Trel. & Yunck. Antipyretic (Seewaboon et al., 2012)

43. Pippali,

Pippalimoolam

Piper longum Linn Antibacterial, Antifungal (Maitreyi

Zaveri et al., 2010), Antipyretic

(Evan Prince Sabina et al., 2013)

44. Maricham Piper nigrum Linn Antipyretic (A.Nagateja Pavan et

al.,2013), Antimicrobial (S.K Shiva

rani et al., 2013)

45. Karkatasringi Pistacia integerrima

J.L.Stewart ex Brandis

Antimicrobial (Ghias Uddin and

Abdur Rauf 2012), Antipyretic

(Rauf A et al.,2014)

46. Sreyasi Pluchea lanceolata (DC.) Oliv. &

Hiern

Antimalarial (Mohanty S et al.,

2013)

47. Chitraka Plumbago zeylanica Linn Antiplasmodial (Paiva SR et al.,

2003), Antibacterial (Jeyachandran

R et al., 2009)

48. Agnimantah Premna integrifolia Linn Antibacterial (Karmakar et al.,

2011)

49. Padmakam Prunus cerasoides D.Don Antibacterial (B C Sharma 2013)

50. Chandana,

Raktachandana

Pterocarpus santalinus Linn.f. Antimicrobial (BK Manjunatha et

al., 2006)

51. Kushta Saussurea lappa C.B Clarke Antibacterial, Antiviral (Chen HC et

al., 1995)

52. Bala Sida cordifolia Linn Antimicrobial (Mahesh et al., 2008)

53. Brihati Solanum indicum Linn Antipyretic (Prasanta kumar et al.,

2014), Antibacterial

54. Kshudra,

Kantakari

Solanum xanthocarpum Schrad. &

H. Wendl.

Antipyretic, Antibacterial (Patil and

Wadhava 2013)

55. Patala Stereospermum suvaveolens DC

(S. colais)

Antipyretic (M pharm TB et al.,

2010), Antibacterial

56. Kiratatikta Swertia chirayita (Roxb. ex

Fleming) H. Karst.

Antipyretic, Antifungal,

Antibacterial, Antimalarial (P Joshi

et al., 2005) Antiviral (H Verma et

al., 2008)

57. Vibhitaka Terminalia bellirica Roxb. Antimicrobial (K.M. Elizabeth,

2005)

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58. Abhaya, Siva,

Harithaki

Terminalia chebula Retz Antibacterial, Antifungal (Mary

grace et al., 2013) Antiviral (Kim et

al., 2001)

59. Amrita, Guduchi,

Chinna

Tinospora cordifolia (Thunb.)

Miers

Antipyretic (Gupta mradu et al.,

2013), Antimicrobial, antiviral

(Jitendra et al.,2014)

60. Gokshura,

Trikantaka

Tribulus terrestris Linn Antibacterial, Antiviral, Antipyretic

(Baikuntha Prusty et al., 2013)

61. Patola Trichosanthes dioica Roxb. Antipyretic (M Badrul Alam et al.,

2011), Antimicrobial

62. Prisniparni Uraria picta (Jacq.) DC. Antimicrobial (Rahman MM et al.,

2007)

63. Usira Vetiveria zizanioides (Linn).Nash Antipyretic (Narkhede M. B et al.,

2012), Antibacterial

64. Draksha, Gostana Vitis vinifera Linn Antimicrobial (Oliveira DA et al.,

2013), Antiviral

65. Shunti, Nagara,

Viswa,

Viswabheshajam,

Mahoushadha

Zingiber officinale Roscoe Antipyretic (Christian D et al.,

2014) Antibacterial, Antiviral

(Chang JS et al., 2013)

DISCUSSION

Fever occurs as a result of changes in the

central control of deep body temperature

produced by pyrogenic substances released

following infection and inflammation. An

antipyretic is a type of medication that will

prevent or reduce fever by lowering body

temperature from a raised state. They will not

affect normal body temperature if the patient

does not have a fever. Fever has been described

under Jwara in Ayurvedic texts. Jwara may

occur as an independent disease or as symptom

or complication of some other diseases. In

Jwararoga the aggrevated doshas get

accumulated in amashaya due to the

dysfunction of agni (energy responsible for

digestive and metabolic processes), leading to

formation of ama (improperly metabolized

toxic component) due to vitiation of rasa dhatu,

which circulates in whole body along with rasa

and obstructs the swedavaha strotas. Thus a

drug to pacify Jwara must have the capacity to

remove ama as well as obstruction of

swedavaha strotas. In Jwara, Agni (Pitta) is

thrown out from the koshta to the sakhas

resulting in an increase in body temperature.

Among the shadrasa’s tikta rasa possess

jwarahara property. It is deepana, pachana and

lekhana. Most of the drugs mentioned in the

jwrarahara kwathas of sarngadhara samhita

possess tikta rasa. Among the 38 jwarahara

kwathayogas maximum numbers of drugs are

included in Ashtavimsathigana kwatha, which

contains 28 drugs. Certain drugs namely

Guduchi, Sunthi, Kantakaridvaya, Musta,

Parpata, Katuki, Pippalimoola, Pata,

Bhunimba and Vasa are repeatedly included in

most of the formulations. Guduchi and Sunthi

are included in 18 jwarahara kwathayogas.

Considering the wide range utility of Guduchi

as an antipyretic drug it was given the name

jwaravinasini by nighantukaras (Madhava

nidana 1/38) (H.H Tripadi, 2009). Sunthi with

its excellent amapachana property helps in the

samprapti vighatana of jwara. Indrayava the

seed of Kutaja is included in 7 formulations

where as kutajatvak is included only in 2

formulations. From a thorough review of the

drugs enlisted above, it is explicit that all the

jwarahara kwathas of Sarngadhara samhita

are an excellent combination of drugs having

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antipyretic, antibacterial, antiviral and

antimalarial activities.

Basing on the critical review and analysis

carried out with regard to herbs mentioned in

kwathakalpana of Sarngadhara samhita and

scientific validation produced on these herbs

the following formulation is designed for the

symptomatic management of fever (Table 4).

Dosage form: Powder

Dose 2–3g

Table 4: Formulation designed for fever based on Critical review of Kwatha Kalpana of

Sarngadhara

No Drug Botanical name

1 Guduchi Tinospora cordifolia (Thunb.) Miers

2 Sunthi Zingiber officinale Roscoe

3 Musta Cyperus rotundus Linn

4 Bhunimba Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Wall ex Nees

5 Pata Cissampelos pariera Linn

6 Vasa Adhatoda vasica Nees

The drugs should be triturated with

Amalakyadiganakwatha containing Amalaki,

Haritaki, Pippali and Chitraka.

Amalakyadigana showed significant antipyretic

effect in experimental animals (Manoj

Timbadiya, 2013). Charaka samhita recorded

certain magico religious prescriptions in the

management of Vishamajwara (malaria is

included under this category) viz tying

sahadevi root, chanting Vishnusahasranama

etc. The treatise also noted that fever which is

not relieved by any therapeutic measures will

be relieved by sadhudarshana (seeing the

holymen). These observations recorded, require

proper scientific scrutiny to find out the

influence of psychic factors against pyrogens.

CONCLUSION

A proper analysis of the evidence based

activity of the herbs mentioned in kwatha

kalpana of Sarngadhrasamhita shows that

these herbs can act as effective antipyretic

agents. This knowledge may be helpful to

formulate a safe and dependable therapeutic

regimen for fever, which is still not available in

the herbal drug market. The Antipyretic herbal

formulation is suggested consisting of Guduchi,

Sunthi, Musta, Bhunimba and Pata

(Amalakyadiganakwatha bhavita churna) for

the management of febrile conditions.

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