CAS-RCN Workshop on Climate for Sino-Norwegian Environmental Research CooperationNovember 30 – December 1, 2009

Gl b l At h W t h (GAW)Gl b l At h W t h (GAW)Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW) Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW) activities in Chinaactivities in China

Xiaobin Xu (xuxb@cams.cma.gov.cn)Xiaobin Xu (xuxb@cams.cma.gov.cn)

activities in Chinaactivities in ChinaXiaobin Xu (xuxb@cams.cma.gov.cn)Xiaobin Xu (xuxb@cams.cma.gov.cn)

Key Laboratory for Atmospheric Chemistry (KLAC)Key Laboratory for Atmospheric Chemistry (KLAC)Centre for Atmosphere Watch and Services (CAWAS)Centre for Atmosphere Watch and Services (CAWAS)Centre for Atmosphere Watch and Services (CAWAS) Centre for Atmosphere Watch and Services (CAWAS) Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences (CAMS) Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences (CAMS) China Meteorological Administration (CMA)China Meteorological Administration (CMA)

Brief introduction to CAMSBrief introduction to CAMS

• Staff: ~300• Established in 1956 (former Central Meteorological Institute )• Affiliated to China Meteorological Administration (CMA)• Supported by both CMA and the Ministry of Science and pp y y

Technology (MOST) of China.

2

Research Institutes/Centers

State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather (LaSW)State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather (LaSW)Institute of Climate SystemInstitute of Eco-environment and Agro-meteorologyg gyInstitute of Atmospheric SoundingCenter for Weather ModificationCentre for Atmosphere Watch and Services (CAWAS)Centre for Atmosphere Watch and Services (CAWAS)Centre for Numerical Prediction Research

The WMO/GAW programmeThe WMO/GAW programme

Global Ozone Observing System (GO OS)

Background Air Pollution Monitoring Network (BAPMoN)System (GO3OS)

1957~Monitoring Network (BAPMoN)late 1960s~

Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW)Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW)1989~

Objective: To monitor the long-term evolution of the atmospheric

4composition on a global and regional scale in order to assess this contribution to climate change and environmental issues.

The GAW NetworkThe GAW Network

http://gaw.empa.ch/gawsis/

24 global baseline stations,24 global baseline stations,400 i l b k d d t ib ti t ti400 i l b k d d t ib ti t ti

5

~ 400 regional background and contributing stations~ 400 regional background and contributing stationsa key network for monitoring the longa key network for monitoring the long--term evolution of the term evolution of the atmospheric compositionatmospheric composition

ParametersParametersG h• Greenhouse gases

• Ozone • Solar radiation• Precipitation chemistryy• Chemical and physical properties of aerosols• Reactive gasesReactive gases• Persistent organic pollutants and heavy metals• Radionuclides• Radionuclides• Meteorological parameters

6

GAW activities in ChinaGAW activities in China

•• Since the early 1980s CMA has been Since the early 1980s CMA has been establishing GAW stations. establishing GAW stations. gg

•• 4 stations including 1 baseline and 3 4 stations including 1 baseline and 3 regional background stations were builtregional background stations were builtregional background stations were built regional background stations were built between the early 1980s and early 1990s.between the early 1980s and early 1990s.

•• 3 more stations are being established. 3 more stations are being established.

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GAW Stations GAW Stations in Chinain China

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Waliguan GAW Global Station

Established in 1994Established in 1994

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Shangdianzi GAW Regional Stationg gEstablished in 1984Established in 1984

10

Lin’An GAW Regional StationEstablished in 1985Established in 1985

11

Longfengshan GAW Regional Stationg g gEstablished in 1985Established in 1985

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Xianggelila GAW Regional StationXianggelila GAW Regional StationPartly in operation since 2007Partly in operation since 2007y py p

13

Akedala GAW Regional StationAkedala GAW Regional StationP l i i i 2009P l i i i 2009Partly in operation since 2009Partly in operation since 2009

14

Function of the Key Lab for Atmospheric Chemistry

• Consultation in site selection• Design of programmes and operation systemsg p g p y• Training for operators• Analyses of samples from stations• Analyses of samples from stations• QA/QC• Traceability• Data analysis and submission• Report writing

15

Facilities for greenhouse gases Facilities for greenhouse gases measurementsmeasurements

LiLi--Cor system for COCor system for CO22 analysisanalysis Analysis system for CHAnalysis system for CH44/CO/N/CO/N22O/SFO/SF66

16Isotope analysis systemIsotope analysis systemInternational Standard gasesInternational Standard gases

Instruments for aerosol measurementsInstruments for aerosol measurementsInstruments for aerosol measurementsInstruments for aerosol measurementsAMSAMS

XRFXRFXRFXRF

ICIC

EC/OCEC/OC17

EC/OCEC/OC

Facilities for reactive gases gmeasurements

Sampler

TDTD——GCxGCGCxGC——FID/MS systemFID/MS system

18Canister cleaningOO33/NO/NOxx/SO/SO22/CO/CO VOCsVOCs

Part of thePart of thePart of the Part of the Observational results fromObservational results from

China’s GAW stationsChina’s GAW stations

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Atmospheric COAtmospheric CO22 and CHand CH44 at Waliguanat Waliguanpp 22 44 gg

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Globalview

CH4本底变化（瓦里关）

大气CO2本底变化（红色为瓦里关）

21CO本底变化（瓦里关）

δ13C本底变化（红色为瓦里关）

Contribution to WMO GHGsWMO GHGs

Bulletin

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CO and CH data from different sitesCO2 and CH4 data from different sites

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Total column O at WaliguanTotal column O3 at Waliguan

400

360

Wa Ligu

an

280

320

ne (D

U) a

t Mt. W

240

280

Total O

zone

91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07200

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91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07Year

Surface O3 at WaliguanSurface O3 at Waliguan

90

80

70

60pb)

50

40

O3 (pp

40

30

2020

200620042002200019981996

25

Precipitation Chemistry at Waliguan( j i )

25201510S

O4

=

(a)

(major ions)

20

20

15

10

50

NO3

-

50

S

(b)

( )

Major anionsMajor anions

10864N

H4

+

15

10

5

0

Cl-

(c)

(d)

20

1999-1 -1 2000- 1-1 2001-1-1 2002-1-1 20 03-1-1

Date

Major cationsMajor cations

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System for Observation of Halogenated Greenhouse Gases in Europe and Asia

The SOGE-A ProjectThe SOGE A Project

SOGE-A Partners:An example for Sino-Norwegian Environmental Research Cooperation

SOGE A Partners:Norwegian Institute for Air ResearchChinese Academy of Meteor. SciencesSwiss Materials Science & TechnologySwiss Materials Science & TechnologyUniversity of Bristol, UKUniversity of Urbino, Italy

Prof Frode Stordal

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Prof. Frode StordalNILU

Halogenated GHGs at Shangdianzig g80 250

TCE

PCE

40 125

CF

0

0-21 12:12

0-22 20:12

10-24 4:33

0-25 14:35

0-26 22:36

10-28 6:37

0-29 14:37

0-31 16:30

-11-2 1:50

-11-3 9:51

11-4 17:51

11-7 11:45

11-8 22:46

11-10 6:47

1-11 14:47

11-13 0:08

1-14 10:31

1-15 19:50

0

2006-10

2006-10

2006-1

2006-10

2006-10

2006-1

2006-10

2006-10

2006-

2006-

2006-1

2006-1

2006-1

2006-1

2006-11

2006-1

2006-11

2006-11

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CollaborationsCollaborations

• NOAA/USA• MSC/CanadaMSC/Canada• DWD/Germany• EMPA/Swiss• NILU/Norway• NILU/Norway• ……

More collaborations are necessary and welcomeMore collaborations are necessary and welcome29

More collaborations are necessary and welcomeMore collaborations are necessary and welcome

Thank you!Thank you!Thank you!Thank you!

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Atmospheric Composition Stations, CMACMA

VisibilityTazhong, Xinjiang, China

PM10 (PM30\PM2.5\PM1)Erjinaqi, Inner Mongolia, China

BCErjinaqi , Inner Mongolia, China

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Acid Rain Stations88 sites 88 sites →150 sites (2006)150 sites (2006)

32pH, Conductivity, Chemical components