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Glaciation: The Lake District Environmental Interactions: Rural Land Resources
Glaciation: The Lake District
Environmental Interactions: Rural Land Resources
Topic Outline
1. Glacial Landforms 20 marker.
2. Social, economic and environmental opportunities in the Lake District.
3. Land use conflicts in the Lake District.
4. Management of the Lake District.
Aims of the lesson
• To practice answering 20 mark questions on upland glacial landforms.
Glacial Landforms
Describe and explain, with the aid of annotated diagrams, the formation of the main features of glacial erosion in the Lake District or any other glaciated upland area which you have studied.
20 Marks
Tips:• Landforms:
– Corrie– Arete & Pyramidal Peak– U-Shaped Valley– Hanging Valley– Scree Slopes– Terminal moraine
• 4 Marks awarded for named examples.
• Detailed explanation of processes required.
• 16 marks only if no diagrams included.
Processes of Glacial ErosionFreeze Thaw (Frost Shattering)Water in cracks in the rock freezes and expands.After many cycles of freezing and thawing lumps of rock arebroken off.
PluckingGlacier ice freezes into cracks in rocks and when the glacier moves it pulls out chunks to leave a jagged surface.
AbrasionRocks stuck in the ice grind away the bedrock under theglacier.
Scree Slopes e.g. Wastwater Screes
Glacial Landforms
Describe and explain, with the aid of annotated diagrams, the formation of the main features of glacial erosion in the Lake District or any other glaciated upland area which you have studied.
20 Marks
Tips:• Landforms:
– Corrie– Arete & Pyramidal Peak– U-Shaped Valley– Hanging Valley– Scree Slopes– Terminal moraine
• 4 Marks awarded for named examples.
• Detailed explanation of processes required.
• 16 marks only if no diagrams included.
Peer Marking
Pass your finished 20 mark answer to another member of the class.
Using a highlighter you will mark on the areas where you would give marks.
Use the marking scheme provided and textbooks to help you.
As bullet points, add in any information you feel they have missed out.
Homework
Using the comments from other members of the class, repeat your glacial landforms 20 mark answer.
Use the sample answer provided also.
Summary
So far we have…• practiced answering 20 mark questions on
upland glacial landforms.
Aims of the lesson
• To learn about the location of the Lake District.
• To learn about water supply in the Lake District.
Location of the Lake DistrictUsing the “Modern School Atlas” you are going to writer a brief description of the location of the Lake DistrictIt should include:• When it opened: 1951• The name of a settlement
within it: K_________• The names of three cities
nearby.• The names of the main roads
connecting those cities to the Dales.
Location of the Lake DistrictThe Lake District National Park is situated in the North West of England. It is an area of spectacular glaciated scenery which is easily accessible via the M6 motorway from many large urban areas including the Manchester conurbation; Merseyside and Yorkshire. Major settlements in the Lake District are Keswick and Kendal.
Land Use in the Lake District
The major land uses in the Lake District are:1. Water Supply
2. Hill Sheep Farming
3. Tourism
Water Supply in the Lake District
Lake Windermere
Suitability
Why do you think water supply is a suitable land use in the Laker District?Think about:• Location• Number of lakes• Cost
Suitability
Lakes have been providing water to Manchester for 100 years.Granite rock is impermeable.The lakes are cheaper than constructing reservoirs.There is plenty of water available (supplies 30% of regions water needs).
Conflict
Review Questions
Read p11 & 12 of the Intermediate textbook.
Answer Qs 1,3,4,5.
Summary
So far we have…• learnt about the location of the Lake District.
• learnt about water supply in the Lake District.– Suitability– Conlfict
Aims of the lesson
• To learn about the social and economic opportunities in the Lake District.
Social & Economic Opportunities in Upland Areas
Activity
Dotted around the room are various fact cards on opportunities in the Lake District.
Move around the room, taking at least 4 bullet points of notes at each station.
Be ready to discuss why each social and economic opportunity is suitable in the Lake District.
FarmingIn upland areas many slopes are too steep for the use of large machinery and temperatures very low with a short growing season. Soils are thinner and rainfall heavy. It would be difficult to grow crops so Hill Sheep Farming is predominant with some beef cattle on lower and better land. The wool industry was very important in the past and sheep wool is still used for carpet making.Small farms used to be the principal employment in the Lake District but the umbers of farms has fallen significantly with land being sold for housing and tourism.Farmers now rely on EU subsidies and diversification for 80% of their income.
ForestryLarge plantations are often seen – mainly because the land is poor and difficult to build on and forestry provides a profitable activity (which also provides leisure activities).The Forestry Commission has planted coniferous trees in many upland areas with over 75,000 tonnes of timber produced each year.The wood is mainly used as firewood and timber for housing. The forestry also creates new wildlife habitats, protecting the local environment. There are 53 full time jobs working for the Forestry Commission in the Lake District National Park.
Industry
This ranges from mining and quarrying local stone to the main industry of tourism and recreation. Upland areas rarely attract factories and modern industries so extractive industries are more common.Slate is quarried in the Lake District from 10 quarries e.g. Kirkstone Slate near Ambleside.
TourismThis is one of the major employers in the Lake District and provides both social and economic opportunities. Increased car ownership and the opening of the M6 motorway means that 10 million people are within a 3 hour drive of the Lake District.Tourism has become important with the decline of traditional industries. It has helped keep some services like schools and shops in the local area and has brought leisure centres.Estimates suggest that in some areas e.g. Windermere more than 50% of the active population are employed in the tourist industry.Many other jobs are also supported indirectly through visitor spending e.g. bakers, builders and estate agents.
“With reference to Loch Lomond and the Trossachs or any other named upland area that you have studied, explain the social and economic opportunities create by the landscape.” 10 Marks
Tips:• Name you case study area.• Explain the suitability of
each land use:– Farming– Forestry– Industry– Water Supply– Tourism
• Quote figures and give named examples.
Summary
So far we have…• learnt about the social and economic
opportunities in the Lake District:– Farming– Forestry– Industry– Water Supply– Tourism
Match Up
Land Use Social & Economic Opportunity
Farming
Forestry
Industry
Water Supply
Tourism
Large quantities of slate, good road links for transport (M6).
Large ribbon lakes. 30% of regions supply provided this way.
Land is too poor to grow crops. This is profitable.
22 million visitors a year. 10 million within 3 hours.
Thin soil, heavy rain, cold & steep slopes.
Aims of the lesson
• To learn about conflict between land uses in the Lake District.
• To learn about specific solutions to these conflicts in the Lake District.
Conflict TrianglesIn your groups, create a conflict triangle for each of the following land use conflicts:
Farming V Tourism
Forestry V Tourism
Industry V Tourism
Tourism V Tourism
Use the handouts provided to help you.
Cause
Effect
Solution
“Describe and explain the environmental conflicts that may occur in a named upland area you have studied (You should refer to named locations within your chosen landscape).” 10 Marks
Tips:• Name your case study.• Identify a conflict e.g.
tourists v farming.• Explain reasons why
each of these land uses is in conflict.
• Make reference to named examples.
Lake District National Park Authority
Problem: Footpath ErosionSolutions:1. Routes signposted.2. Stones laid on footpaths.3. Footpaths fenced off
from fields.4. New routes planned
away from affected areas.
Lake District National Park Authority
Problem: Litter & VandalismSolutions:1. Designated picnic
areas with litter bins.2. Park Wardens
supervise and educate.
Lake District National Park Authority
Problem: Cars parked on verges of narrow lanes.Solutions:1. More car parks on ritter
paving in Ambleside.2. School premises used during
summer holidays.3. Yellow lines to prevent
parking.4. Park & Ride schemes.5. One way systems.
“Describe specific solutions to environmental conflicts in a named upland area you have studied.” 10 Marks
Tips:• Name your case study.• Identify a conflict e.g.
tourists v farming.• Describe solutions to
this specific conflict with reference to examples.
Summary
So far we have…
• learnt about conflict between land uses in the Lake District.
• learnt about specific solutions to these conflicts in the Lake District.
Each year the National Park has more than 22 million visitors either on day trips or holidays. The area attracts a wide variety of visitors including those who want to visit the passive attractions like the picturesque villages to National Trust properties such as Hill Top the home of Beatrix Potter or Grasmere with its connections to Wordsworth. Others will prefer the active attractions on offer from sailing on the many lakes to walking the Lakeland Fells.
