Global Drivers and Perspectives on Chemical EnergyChemical ... 08 25 Global... · DI Energy storage...

DI Energy storage Conference Copenhagen, 24. August 2017

Global Drivers and Perspectives on Chemical Energy Storageon Chemical Energy StorageMaximilian FleischerCorporate Technology

siemens.com/innovationUnrestricted © Siemens AG 2017

Our milestones –Over 170 years

1866Dynamo

1816-1892Company founder, visionary and inventor

2012Field testing of the world's largest rotor at an offshore wind farm

1983Magnetic resonance tomograph

1959SIMATIC controller

1847 1925 1975 2010 2016

Werner von Siemens Siemens innovations over 170 years

Pointer telegraph Electrificationof Ireland with hydropower

High-voltage direct-current (HVDC) transmission

TIA Portal for automation

MindSphere introduced as the digitalization platform for all industries

Unrestricted © Siemens AG 2017

7Page 2 Corporate Technology

World Finite and Renewable Energy Resources

The planetary energy reserves



Source: http://asrc.albany.edu/people/faculty/perez/Kit/pdf/a-fundamental-look-at%20the-planetary-energy-reserves.pdf

Photovoltaics Used to be Driven by Enthusiasm & SubsidiesNow: Industrial Solar Parks driven by Business Models

The five largest PV plants.E h 500 MW

Desert Sunlight Solar Farm, CA, 550 MW

© Time Magazine March 2016Private Solar Farm in Germany

Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum Solar Park,Dubai, 1000 MW, (planned 5000 MW by 2030)



Each >500 MWpeak All built in last two years Built in China and US, Germany (# 18,25) South Germany 7 Ct/kWh, middle east <3 Ct/kWh

Global Generation Capacity Additions of Wind and PV Power Plants

Note: overall installed global power generation capacity approaching 1TW = 1000 GWpeak



Source: http://www.ren21.net/GSR2015-Renewables-2015-Global-Status-Report-Figures-EN (Abbildungen) und IHS (PV-Zubau in 2015)

g p g p y pp g peak

From system to market integration via decentrally managed grids towards a completely decoupled generation and consumption

Energiewende 2.0

<10% 20+% 40+% 60+% 80+%

– Efficiency – Decreasing spot market prices – Power2Heat CHP increasing – Regional plants cellular grids – Complete integration of

– Fossil (coal, gas, oil)– Nuclear– Renewables (mainly hydro)

– Fossil (coal, gas, oil)– Renewables (wind, PV, hydro)

– Capacity markets etc. – Predictable regional “area generation” (topological plants)

– Interaction of all energy carriers

Traditional mix System integration Market integration Regionalself sustaining systems

Decoupled generation and consumption

Past Today Mid-term Long-term

– Efficiency– LCC reduction– Availability / reliability / security

– Decreasing spot market prices– Subsidized economy– Increasing redispatch1) operation

– Power2Heat, CHP increasing– Demand side management– First storage solutions– HVDC/AC overlay

– Regional plants, cellular grids– HVDC overlay and meshed

AC/DC systems– Power2Chem / CO2toValue– Stability challenge

– Complete integration of decentralized power generation

– Storage systems/Power2X– Return of gas power plants?

• Integration of large scale renewable generation becomes system challenge with regard to grid design and system stability



Integration of large scale renewable generation becomes system challenge with regard to grid design and system stability• Interdependencies of renewable generation, prosumers and storage systems require huge competence in system management• Core Technologies for future energy systems are Power Electronics, Storage Solutions, and IC Technologies

1) Corrective action to avoid bottlenecks in power grid

Increasing Share of Renewables: Germany in Front, Others Started to Follow

Volatile renewables with increasing share on total electrical energy production

Production of electrical energy in Germany, 8. July: Volatile renewables are close to the limit! (Double in 10 years acc. to German government) …

S l ti f i l f l t i l f bl d d



Solutions for economical usage of excess electrical energy from renewables needed

Source: eex-transparency.com, sma.de/unternehmen/pv-leistung-in-deutschland

Example: Increasing Share of Renewables: Germany in Front, Others Started to Follow

Volatile renewables with increasing share on total electrical energy production

Left: Production of electrical energy in Germany, 10. July (Sunday): less demand from industry, trading prices decline

Right: Similar situation during a windy winter night: 22. February (Wednesday)

S l ti f i l f l t i l f bl d d



Sources: eex-transparency.com, sma.de/unternehmen/pv-leistung-in-deutschland

Solutions for economical usage of excess electrical energy from renewables needed

Storage of Volatile Renewables?

9 pumped Hydro Power Plants in Germany can store 40 GWh

40 GWh

16 m: Diesel16 m: Diesel20 m: Methanol18 m: Ethanol166 m: (Methane, 1 bar)230 m: (Hydrogen, 1 bar)40 m: (Hydrogen, 200 bar)

50 m: Lithium ion batt.96 m: Lead acid batt.

19 m: Lithium19 m: Calcium0 ( yd oge , 00 ba )

23 m: (Ammonia, liquid)19 m: Calcium16.3m: Magnesium

4.500 and 40.000 GWh excess renewable energy expected in Germany in 2020 * • Europe‘s largest Li Battery plant BMZ Batterie-Montage-Zentrum GmbH, Karlstein: 5 GWh planned in 2020• 0.4 GWh = 400 MWh storage by Southern California Edison in Long Beach / LA Los Angeles (1.000.000 Li-Ion cells)• Limberg II (Austrian large pumped hydro storage) annual balancing is 207 GWh



Only chemical storage for seasonal / transportable energy storage

• Limberg II (Austrian large pumped hydro storage) annual balancing is 207 GWh

* Source EM TI

Storage- & Power-to-X-Technologies are required to balance consumption vs. renewable generation and support sector coupling

Segmentation(use cases) Chemicals/Hydrogen/MethaneW

eeks

Flow-Batteries Pumped

Hydro

Thermo-mechanicalstorage

Hou

rsD

ays

T h l

ETES1)CAES2) ACAES3)

Flywheel storage(< 1MW Flywheel, up to 100 MW Turbines)

Super

Min

utes

H

Li-Ion

NaS, Lead AcidNaNiCl

Batteries Technology

MechanicalElectrical

Electrochemical

ChemicalThermal

Super capacitor

Seco

nds



1) Electro-Thermal Energy Storage 2) Compressed Air Energy Storage

1 kW Power 100 kW 1 MW 10 MW 100 MW 1,000 MW

3) Adiabatic Compressed Air Energy Storage

System & Markets Competence is essential to reduce the uncertainty regarding the development of future energy systems

Fossiland renewablegeneration

Infrastructuredevelopment

Storage systemsand prosumers

– What is the technical need for thermal l t iti i f t

– What is the need for transmission and di t ib ti id i f f t

– What is the system impact of a large t ti f l t i l t i thpower plant capacities in future energy

system scenarios? What is the impact of international power exchange?

– How are thermal power plants operated in future energy system scenarios? Are

distribution grid expansions for future energy system scenarios?

– How does a “cell approach” impact the need for transmission grid expansion?

Wh t id i /i t lli t id

penetration of electrical storage in the future energy system?

– What is the need and the system impact of different power-to-heat and thermal storage options in future energy

they profitable?

– Can a substitution of lignite power plants by CCGT1) plants enable a more competitive “Energiewende”?

– What grid expansion/intelligent grid management are needed in the distribution grids to integrate distributed energy resources?

g gysystems?

– Will industrial-size power-to-chemical plants significantly influence the need for infrastructure expansion?



1) Combined Cycle Gas Turbine

Storage solutions –Selected Siemens activities

High temperature heat pump Hydrogen CO2toValueSiestorage

‒ Heat as the largest part of‒ World‘s largest PEM ‒ Siemens demonstrator‒ High-capacity lithium-ion Heat as the largest part of final energy consumption (47%)

‒ 10kW demonstrator operating at >140°C available

World s largest PEM electrolysis systemin Mainz, Germany

‒ Goal: convert electricity to hydrogen (>6MW)

‒ Highly dynamic PEM high-

Siemens demonstrator using to convert carbon dioxide into carbon compounds for industry

‒ 1. step: chemical feedstock (Ethylene ~1000 €/t,

High capacity lithium ion storage system

‒ Modular concept with four standard components

‒ Siestorage system with an output of 1 MW at a

‒ Pilot application in MW range in production

g y y gpressure electrolysis

‒ Next generation with higher performance

( y ,carbon monoxide ~600 €/t)

‒ 2. step: energy carrier (Methane)

O St t D i i li ti f b tt t t i d t i l h t l PEM

output of 1 MW at a capacity of more than 1.4 megawatt-hours in Schwäbisch Hall, Germany



Our Strategy: Drive commercialization of battery storage systems, industrial heat pumps, scale PEM electrolyzer business, push frontier research in CO2toValue

To meet the decarbonization targets, all industry sectors will become more electr(on)ic – Siemens key applications in mobility

Taxibot: Innovative aircraft towing truck

eHighway: Electric road freight transport

eAir: Hybrid electric airliner

eBus: Sustainable public transportation

eFerry: CO2-free shipping

– Pilot-controlled taxiing without aircraft engines running

– Major fuel savings, emission & noise

– Hybrid trucks supplied with electricity from overhead contact lines at up to 90km/h

– Increased system

– Fuel consumption ~51% of aircraft operating costs

– Electric propulsion: >25% fuel, emission

– DC charging post, off-board and on-board pantographs

– Flexible, fast-charging system mounted on

– World’s 1st all-electric car ferry developed with Fjellstrandshipyard (Norway)

– Powered by three reduction, foreign object damage

– Certification granted, three Taxibotsoperating in Frankfurt

yefficiency and energy savings

– Cooperation with Scania, demonstration projects in Sweden and

and noise reduction

– Development of hybrid electric airliner in research cooperation with Airbus

ymast or roof of a bus stop

– Implemented by the Hamburger HochbahnAG

ybattery packs

– 1st ferry (360 passen-gers, 120 vehicles) in operation since 2015



operating in Frankfurt projects in Sweden and California

with Airbus AG

Option already available: Water to HydrogenTechnical Principle of a Proton Exchange Membran (PEM) Electrolysis System

-+

-+

Stacking of > 100 cells to get to high power



Energiepark MainzElektrolyzer SystemElektrolyzer System

3 SILYZER 200 PEM-electrolyzer skids

3.75 MW rated power / 6.0 MW peak3.75 MW rated power / 6.0 MW peak power (limited in time)

High dynamic: load changes in seconds, capable for partial load in a wide range

35 bar outlet pressure35 bar outlet pressure World largest PEM electrolyser

installation

15

„Energiepark Mainz“ –PEM-Electrolyzer in the MW range

ElectricityProject scope‒ Three high performance PEM electrolyzer

Wind power

cityHydrogen

Electricity

with max. performance of 6 MW‒ Connected to wind farm (10 MW)‒ 1.000 kg storage (33 MWh)‒ Goal: annual production of 200 t

(filling station and feed in to public gas

Research Elec

tric

Hydrogen

„Energiepark Mainz“Production and storage

of hydrogen

Hydrogen (filling station and feed-in to public gas grid)

First results

Gas orcombinedheat and

power plant

H

Public gas gridHouseholds

Filling station

‒ Operating from Sept. 2015 – April 2016‒ Peak power exceeded: 6.7 MW‒ Achieved efficiency of 60 %‒ 1.200 MWh absorbed

Industry



p pFilling station ‒ 20 t of produced hydrogen

How much Fuel can be Made with the Energy of a Windpark?

Air traffic

Energy balance for Power-to-Liquid scenarios

Renewables (on-grid / off-grid)

Power-to-Gas/Liquids Plant Liquid fuelinfrastructure

Airbus A3208.7 mil. km air mileage fleet

with 6 planesOR

trafficgrid) infrastructure

Road transport

Scania G410

85 mil. km road mileagefleet with 2000 trucks

OR

Private transport

520 mil km road mileage fleet200 MW i df 560 380 GWh H2

Electrolysis Chemical synthesis



520 mil. km road mileage fleetwith 50,000 cars

200 MW windfarm 560GWhel

380 GWh H2

280 GWh fuel 280 GWh fuel

Courtesy Dr. Alex Tremel, Siemens Corporate Technology

Several potential markets exist for Green Ammonia: it is a carbon-free flexible asset

Generation

Hydrogen Storage Transport Fuel for

Synthesis Use

Solar Power

Storage Transport Fuel for Fuel Cell Vehicles

Electrolysis

Air Separation Unit

Ammonia Cracking

Feedstock (Fertiliser or other Industry)

Agile Ammonia Synthesis

Wind Power

Gas Turbine

N2

Ammonia Shipment

or other Industry)



Ammonia Storage

Gas Turbine Power Generation

Grid IncreasingDSR / Grid

balancing services

product valueCT

Confidential © Siemens AG 2017

Seite 5 April 2017

Siemens is building a Green Ammonia energy storage demonstrationsystem in the UK - at Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, near Oxford, UK.

• Proof-of-principle for Agile H-B, and ammonia energy storage.



• Development platform for future demonstration: cracker,refuelling station; electrochemical ammonia synthesis; plant optimisation etc.

Direct electrochemical CO2 reduction –A novel process for feedstocks

Carbon Dioxide (CO2)– 10 giga tons carbon dioxide (CO2)

Market penetration in 3 stagesElectro-catalyticalreduction V 1. Advanced Biogas Process –2

emitted by power plants in 2013

– Example: Germany's biggest power station Niederaussem emitted 30 million tons in 20131)

CO2

COC2H4

MeOH, CH4,

O2

1. Advanced Biogas Process demonstrator market

2. Chemical feedstocks – market entry

Liquid petroleum gas LPG

Renewable Electricity– Climate targets only achievable

via flexible use and mass storage systems Technical req irements

Ethylene (C2H4)

Carbon monoxide (CO)

Formic acid (HCOOH)

Ethanol (C2H5OH)

Butanol(C H OH)systems

– Due to power system congestions,excess energy of 4-40 TWh p.a. to be expected

Technical requirements– High faradic efficiencies: Current efficiency >90%– Low power consumption: System efficiency >50%– High turnover rates: Current densities >0.3A/cm²– Long lifetime: >4,000h (service business!)

3. Fuels as mass market

Methanol (CH3OH)

(C4H9OH)



Source: 1) http://www.wwf.de/fileadmin/fm-wwf/Publikationen-PDF/Studie-Dirty-Thirty-2014.pdf

Upscaling for CO / Syngas generation out of CO2 into kW and x000h range

Tasks of “CO2toV lab demonstrator building” – Characterization of catalyst materials – Definition of optimized process parameters for CO– Evaluation of scale-up and long-term tests– Support transfer to pilot-scale

Liquid Handling in 300 cm2 cell

Lab-scale demonstrator



Also Liquid Products can be made out of CO2Using a Cu-catalysed Electrochemical Reduction (research stage)

• Ethylene formation is accompanied by C1 to C3 liquid components

• Quantitative liquid phase analytics established

Main

Ethanol

Formate

• Faraday efficiency gaps are fully closed on absolute scale

• Products were observed time resolved

no doubt, that they come from CO2 electrolysis

Minor Acetate

Mono-Ethylene-Glycol

n Propanoln-PropanolAllylic Alcohol

Trace Methanol

A



Acetone

Quantitative NMR spectrum with water suppression

The decarbonization will transform the entire energy value chain –with strong growth rates and a complete electr(on)ification

Massive trendStrong demand Digitalization as Energy storage Electrification ofMassive trend towards distributed generation and

Strong demand for highly efficient power plants, flexibility

Digitalization as new driver for technology progress and

Energy storage innovation shaping the future power

Electrification of applications, especially in the transport sector

renewables and lower emissions

new business models

industry landscape



Siemens Corporate Technology –Contact and further information

Prof. Dr. Maximilian FleischerChief Expert Energy Technologies

Siemens AGCorporate Technology, Research in Energy and Electronics Otto-Hahn-Ring 681739 MunichGermany

[email protected]

Internetsiemens.com/corporate-technology



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