Global energy security

By the end of the lesson you will;

1)Recap the locations that are energy rich and those locations that have an energy surplus

2)Have explained the different threats to the security of fuel around the world

3)Have explained the impact of Russia on the rest of Europe

4)Have applied your new knowledge

Direct access to fossil fuel reserves is a coincidence of geological history and international boundaries.

Some countries find themselves with more fossil fuel sources than their needs

Reserves run down over time, as is the gas with the UK’s once abundant North Sea oil and gas

Remaining oil and gas will increasingly concentrate in the Middle East over the next 30 years.

Top 15 countries by oil, gas and coal reserves in

2008

Where are resources?

Task1.Study the following maps 2.What are the trends in where fossil fuels are found around the world? 3.Why do these trends exist?

Global energy security

By the end of the lesson you will;

1)Recap the locations that are energy rich and those locations that have an energy surplus

2)Have explained the different threats to the security of fuel around the world

3)Have explained the impact of Russia on the rest of Europe

4)Have applied your new knowledge

TaskCome up with as many factors that will impact on the access to resources by a countryThink of recent events that may lead to risk in energy production

Physical; 1.Energy resources are being rapidly depleted in the north sea2.Events such as hurricanes and earthquakes will also have a major impact on production and supply of resources

Environmentalism Nimbyism and Greenpeace

EconomicThe physical cost of energy

Political There is large scale unrest in oil rich countries (nigeria, Lybia, Iraq)

Piracy off the coast of Somalia

Price and payment disputes

Issues between the supplier and consumer

Terrorism at Choke points

Supply simply runs out!

Energy security depends on a number of factors Countries with a diverse energy ‘mix’ are less at risk than those relying on 1 or 2 sources

Renewable potential could be used to offset declining fossil fuel reserves or supply interruptions

Reliance on long distance international trade in fossil fuels may be risky

Demand and dependency are important too, as it is difficult to replace a large amount of oil with another energy source for instance

Domestic fossil fuel reserves

Countries like Italy and Japan have few of their own resources

Domestic renewable potential

Small, crowded nations like

Singapore and South Korea lack renewable

potential

Domestic energy mix

France relies heavily on nuclear power, and the UK

on gas.

Import pathway risk

The UK imports gas from Russia and Qatar, both long distance pathways.

What impacts on security?

Gas pipeline disruption has already occurred, as disputes between Russia and Ukraine disrupted European gas supplies in 2006 and 2009

Russia holds 25% of world gas reserves, the Middle East 40% (and 56% of oil)

Disruption to narrow ocean choke points (see map) could seriously affect the flow of oil

Countries close to some choke points are unstable (Iran, Somalia, Yemen)

TaskWhat are the main issues that occur in the diagram below showing key movements of fuel around the world?

What are the impacts of disruptions?

“Major disruption to Gas and Oil supplies from the middle east”

Q; What are the knock on impacts of this action?

1.Soaring energy costs and rising energy poverty 2.Pressure on politicians to act; possibly rationing energy3.Civil disruption 4.Rising costs for industry, job losses and recession5.Unsound decisions (economically and environmentally) to rapidly develop alternative sources 6.Diplomatic conflict

UK energy disruption

Oct 1973 Oil crisis; petrol rationing

Sept 2000 UK wide fuel protests over price and tax

Aug 2005 Further UK protests; Hurricane Katrina pushes oil prices higher

Aug 2008 Oil at $147 a barrel

Jan 2010 National Grid ‘gas balancing alerts’ are headline news ; gas supply from Norway drops on technical problems

Scenario Explanation Consequences

Oil hits $100

•Sustained oil price of over $100 per barrel, for several years.

•Prolonged economic recession and rising fuel poverty in OECD countries

Middle East meltdown

•Tensions in the Gulf escalate into war between Muslim factions; possibly involving Iran, Iraq, Israel, Syria, Turkey and others.

•Interruption of oil and gas flows; rising prices; tension between China and USA to secure oil supply

The nuclear option

•Wholesale shifting towards nuclear to replace fossil fuels, leads to global spread of nuclear power and technology

•Power stations become ‘soft targets’ for terrorism; enriched uranium and depleted plutonium get into the wrong hands….

Energy superpowers

•The Gulf States hold 60%+ of oil reserves and Russia/Qatar/ Iran 60%+ of gas; the world has not shifted to renewables.

•Energy superpowers begin to ‘name their price’ and take care of their friends; major geopolitical shifts

Arctic attack

•Canada, Russia, USA and EU begin to exploit the Arctic for oil and gas, but without clear delineation of territorial areas.

•A war or words over who has the right to exploit what, quickly becomes a new cold war – possibly a hot one……

Risks to energy supply

Global energy security

By the end of the lesson you will;

1)Recap the locations that are energy rich and those locations that have an energy surplus

2)Have explained the different threats to the security of fuel around the world

3)Have explained the impact of Russia on the rest of Europe

4)Have applied your new knowledge

Task; Read through the following information sheetAnswer the following questions; 1.What are the main issues surrounding gas and oil supply from Russia? 2.How have these affected other countries in Europe and worldwide? 3.What are the different solutions that are available for the countries affected?

Videos Videos

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GVIIr0wpzZE

Impacts of the dispute

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PaQYqojrhz8&feature=related

Why is there the dispute?

Global energy security

By the end of the lesson you will;

1)Recap the locations that are energy rich and those locations that have an energy surplus

2)Have explained the different threats to the security of fuel around the world

3)Have explained the impact of Russia on the rest of Europe

4)Have applied your new knowledge

Applying your new knowledge

Study the following picture of a proposed gas pipe line from China, through Central Asia and into Europe.

Why do you think this new route is strategically important for Europe and central Europe?

Global energy security

By the end of the lesson you will;

1)Recap the locations that are energy rich and those locations that have an energy surplus

2)Have explained the different threats to the security of fuel around the world

3)Have explained the impact of Russia on the rest of Europe

4)Have applied your new knowledge

What have you learnt?