2004 Global Integrity Index I I-1 I-2 I-3 II II-1 C O U N T R Y S C O R E F r e e d o m o f t h e M e d i a N a t i o n a l E l e c t i o n s ARG ARGENTINA 0.78 0.76 0.81 0.62 0.87 0.78 0.97 AUS AUSTRALIA 0.83 0.91 1.00 0.81 0.93 0.80 0.92 BRA BRAZIL 0.75 0.74 0.89 0.67 0.67 0.83 0.93 DEU GERMANY 0.83 0.85 1.00 0.61 0.93 0.91 1.00 GHA GHANA 0.71 0.79 0.99 0.47 0.91 0.70 0.92 GTM GUATEMALA 0.57 0.65 0.83 0.38 0.73 0.59 0.84 IND INDIA 0.66 0.66 0.73 0.43 0.81 0.68 0.92 IDN INDONESIA 0.66 0.71 0.88 0.42 0.82 0.73 0.90 ITA ITALY 0.83 0.93 0.95 0.90 0.95 0.82 0.90 JPN JAPAN 0.71 0.87 0.88 0.92 0.82 0.78 0.91 KEN KENYA 0.61 0.62 0.89 0.13 0.83 0.62 0.82 MEX MEXICO 0.75 0.77 0.85 0.82 0.65 0.96 0.89 NAM NAMIBIA 0.66 0.70 1.00 0.22 0.88 0.58 0.85 NIC NICARAGUA 0.68 0.76 0.84 0.49 0.95 0.50 0.78 NGA NIGERIA 0.69 0.61 0.89 0.24 0.71 0.74 0.85 PAN PANAMA 0.68 0.67 0.82 0.71 0.48 0.71 0.87 PHL PHILIPPINES 0.80 0.82 0.98 0.66 0.83 0.64 0.89 PRT PORTUGAL 0.86 0.93 0.95 0.98 0.85 0.84 0.93 RUS RUSSIA 0.62 0.63 0.85 0.41 0.63 0.63 0.67 ZAF SOUTH AFRICA 0.81 0.89 1.00 0.77 0.92 0.65 0.93 TUR TURKEY 0.64 0.75 0.77 0.71 0.78 0.68 0.77 UKR UKRAINE 0.68 0.77 0.89 0.74 0.68 0.70 0.82 USA UNITED STATES 0.88 0.97 0.95 0.98 0.96 0.88 0.93 VEN VENEZUELA 0.71 0.73 0.90 0.53 0.77 0.81 0.93 C i v i l S o c i e t y , P u b l i c I n f o r m a t i o n a n d M e d i a C i v i l S o c i e t y O r g a n i z a t i o n s A c c e s s t o I n f o r m a t i o n L a w E l e c t o r a l a n d P o l i t i c a l P r o c e s s e s c o u n t r y s c o r e c a t e go r y s u b - c a t e go r y s u b - c a t e go r y s u b - c a t e go r y c a t e go r y s u b - c a t e go r y
Notes: These scores are produced by in-country social scientists conmid-2003 through December 31, 2003, the results of which were asscoordinating committee based at The Center for Public Integrity (of wproject). They are intended primarily as a guide to the in-depth comm
the Global Integrity report. Each data point has a score, an explanatosheet range from 0 to 1. For ease of use when writing about the indescores are multiplied by 100, creating a range of 0 to 100. Version: 2
Global Integrity Index: 2004 (all data)strQuestion
COUNTRY SCORECivil Society, Public Information and Media
Civil Society Organizations
In law, do citizens have a right to form civil society organizations (CSOs)?Can citizens organize into trade unions?
In law, citizens have a right to organize into trade unions.
In practice, citizens are able to organize into trade unions.
In practice, do CSOs actively engage in public advocacy campaigns?
Are citizens able to form CSOs?
In practice, the government does not create barriers to the organization of new CSOs.
In practice, citizens can obtain any necessary license to form a CSO within a reasonable time period.
In practice, citizens can obtain any necessary license to form a CSO at a reasonable cost.
In practice, in the past year, no existing CSO has been banned by the government for non-violent advoca
Are civil society activists safe when working on corruption issues?
In practice, in the past year, no civil society activists working on corruption issues have been imprisoned.
In practice, in the past year, no civil society activists working on corruption issues have been physically hIn practice, in the past year, no civil society activists working on corruption issues have been killed.
Access to Information Law
In law do citizens have a right of access to information?
In law, do citizens have a right of access information and basic government records?
In law, do citizens have a right of appeal if access to a basic government record is denied?
In practice, is the right of access to information effective?
Freedom of the Media
In law, is freedom of the media guaranteed?
In law, is freedom of speech guaranteed?
Are citizens able to form media entities?
In practice, the government does not create barriers to forming a media entity.
In law, where a license is necessary, there is an appeal mechanism if a license is denied or revoked.
In practice, where necessary, citizens can obtain a media license within a reasonable time period.
In practice, where necessary, citizens can obtain a media license at a reasonable cost.
Is the media able to report on corruption?
In law, it is legal to report accurate news even if it damages the reputation of a public figure?
In practice, the government does not encourage self-censorship of corruption-related stories.
In practice, there is no prior restraint on publishing corruption-related stories.
Are journalists safe when investigating corruption?
In practice, in the past year, no journalists investigating corruption have been imprisoned.
In practice, in the past year, no journalists investigating corruption have been physically harmed.
In practice, in the past year, no journalists investigating corruption have been killed.
Electoral and Political Processes
National Elections
In law, is universal and equal adult suffrage guaranteed to all citizens?
Can all citizens exercise their right to vote freely and fairly?
In practice, all adult citizens can vote.
In practice, ballots are secret or equivalently protected.
In practice, elections are held according to a regular schedule.
Do citizens participate in the political process?
In practice, all citizens have a right to form political parties.
In practice, all citizens have a right to run for public office.
In practice, at least 30 percent of national legislators are women.
In practice, the ruling political party controls less than 2/3 of seats in the legislature.
In practice, during the most recent election, political parties received media coverage roughly proportional
Election Monitoring Agency
In law, is there an election monitoring agency?
Is the election monitoring agency effective?
In law, the agency is protected from political interference.In practice, agency appointments are made that support the independence of the agency.
In practice, the agency has a professional, full-time staff.
In practice, the agency makes reports to the legislature following an election cycle.
In practice, when necessary, the agency imposes penalties on offenders.
Political Party Finances
Are there regulations governing political party finances?
In law, there are regulations governing private contributions to political parties.
In law, there are limits on individual donations to candidates and political parties.
In law, there are limits on corporate donations to candidates and political parties.
In law, there are limits on total party expenditure.
Are the regulations governing political party finances effective?
In practice, when necessary, an agency monitoring political party finances independently initiates investigIn practice, when necessary, an agency monitoring political party finances imposes penalties on offender
In practice, contributions to political parties are audited.
Can citizens access the financial records of political parties?
In law, citizens can access the financial records of political parties.
In practice, citizens can access the financial records of political parties within a reasonable time period.
In practice, citizens can access the financial records of political parties at a reasonable cost.
Branches of Government
Executive
In law, can citizens sue the government for infringement of their civil rights?
Can members of the executive be held accountable for their actions?
In practice, members of the executive give reasons for their policy decisions.
In law, the judiciary can review the actions of the executive.In practice, when necessary, the judiciary reviews the actions of the executive.
Is the executive leadership subject to prosecution?
In law, the head of state is not immune from prosecution.
In law, ministerial-level officials are not immune from prosecution.
Are there regulations governing conflicts of interest by the executive branch?
In law, the head of state is required to file an asset disclosure form.
In law, ministerial-level officials are required to file an asset disclosure form.
In law, there are regulations concerning gifts and hospitality for the executive.
Can citizens access the asset disclosure records of the head of state?
In law, citizens can access the asset disclosure records of the head of state.
In practice, citizens can access the asset disclosure records of the head of state within a reasonable time
In practice, citizens can access the asset disclosure records of the head of state at a reasonable cost.In practice, is the ruling party distinct from the state?
Legislature
Can members of the legislature be held accountable for their actions?
In law, the judiciary can review the actions of the legislature.
In practice, when necessary, the judiciary reviews the actions of the legislature.
In law, are members of the legislature subject to prosecution?
Are there regulations governing conflict of interest by members of the legislature?
In law, members of the legislature are required to file an asset disclosure form.
In law, there are regulations concerning gifts and hospitality for members of the legislature.
Can citizens access the asset disclosure records of members of the legislature?
In law, citizens can access the asset disclosure records of members of the legislature.
In practice, citizens can access these records within a reasonable time period.
In practice, citizens can access these records at a reasonable cost.
Can citizens access legislative processes and documents?
In law, citizens can access records of legislative processes and documents.In practice, citizens can access these records within a reasonable time period.
In practice, citizens can access these records at a reasonable cost.
Does the legislature have control of the budget?
In law, the legislature can amend the budget.
In practice, significant public expenditures require legislative approval.
Can citizens access the national budgetary process?
In practice, the national budgetary process is conducted in a transparent manner in the debating stage.
In practice, citizens provide input at budget hearings.
In practice, citizens can access itemized budget allocations.
In law, is there a separate legislative committee which provides oversight of public funds?
Is the legislative committee overseeing the expenditure of public funds effective?
In practice, department heads regularly submit reports to this committee.In practice, a member of an opposition party presides over this committee.
In practice, this committee is protected from political interference.
In practice, when necessary, this committee initiates independent investigations into financial irregularitie
Judiciary
In law, is the independence of the judiciary guaranteed?
Is the appointment process for high court judges effective?
In practice, there is a transparent procedure for selecting high court judges.
In practice, there are certain professional criteria required for the selection of high court judges.
In law, there is a confirmation process for high court judges (i.e. conducted by the legislature or an indepe
In law, high court judges are protected from removal without relevant justification.
In practice, high court judges are protected from political interference.
Can members of the judiciary be held accountable for their actions?In law, members of the judiciary are obliged to give reasons for their decisions.
In practice, members of the judiciary give reasons for their decisions.
In law, there is an ombudsman (or equivalent agency) for the judicial system.
In law, the judicial ombudsman (or equivalent agency) is protected from political interference.
In practice, when necessary, the judicial ombudsman (or equivalent agency) initiates investigations.
In practice, when necessary, the judicial ombudsman (or equivalent agency) imposes penalties on offend
Can citizens access the judicial system?
In practice, citizens earning the median yearly income can afford to bring a legal suit.
In practice, a typical small retail business can afford to bring a legal suit.
In practice, the state provides legal counsel for defendants in criminal cases who cannot afford it.
In practice, all citizens have access to a court of law, regardless of geographic location.
In law, is there a program to protect witnesses in corruption cases?Are judges safe when adjudicating corruption cases?
In practice, in the last year, no high court judges have been physically harmed because of adjudicating co
In practice, in the last year, no high court judges have been killed because of adjudicating corruption case
Administration and Civil Service
Civil Service Regulations
Are there national regulations for the civil service?
In law, there are regulations requiring an impartial and independent civil service.
In law, there are regulations to prevent nepotism within the civil service.
In law, there are regulations to prevent cronyism/patronage within the civil service.
In law, civil servants convicted of corruption are prohibited from future government employment.
In law, there are restrictions for senior public servants entering positions in the private sector.
In law, there are regulations and registers concerning gifts and hospitality for senior civil servants?
Is the law governing the administration and civil service effective?
In practice, civil servants are protected from political interference.
In practice, civil servants are appointed according to professional criteria.In practice, civil servants are not employed based on nepotism.
In practice, civil servants are not employed based on cronyism/patronage.
In practice, civil servants have clear job descriptions.
In practice, in the past year, the government has paid civil servants on time.
In practice, civil servants convicted of corruption are prohibited from future government employment.
In practice, restrictions on private sector employment for senior public officials are enforced.
In law, are there conflict of interest regulations for senior civil servants?
Can citizens access the asset disclosure records of senior civil servants?
In law, citizens can access the asset disclosure records of senior civil servants.
In practice, citizens can access the asset disclosure records of senior civil servants within a reasonable ti
In practice, citizens can access the asset disclosure records of senior civil servants at a reasonable cost.
Whistle-blowing MeasuresAre employees protected from recrimination or other negative consequences when reporting corruption (i.e.
In law, civil servants who report corruption are protected from recrimination or other negative consequenc
In practice, civil servants who report corruption are protected from recrimination or other negative conseq
In law, private sector employees who report corruption are protected from recrimination or other negative
In practice, private sector employees who report corruption are protected from recrimination or other neg
Is there an effective internal mechanism (i.e. phone hotline, e-mail address, local office) where civil servants
In practice, the internal reporting mechanism for public sector corruption has a professional, full-time staff.
In practice, the internal reporting mechanism for public sector corruption receives regular funding.
In practice, the internal reporting mechanism for public sector corruption acts on complaints within a reas
In practice, when necessary, the internal reporting mechanism for public sector corruption initiates investi
Procurement
Is the public procurement process effective?In law, there are conflict of interest regulations for public procurement officials.
In practice, the conflict of interest regulations for public procurement officials are enforced.
In law, there is a mechanism that monitors the assets, incomes and spending habits of public procureme
In law, all major procurements require competitive bidding.
In law, strict formal requirements limit the extent of sole sourcing.
In law, unsuccessful bidders can instigate an official review of procurement decisions.
In law, unsuccessful bidders can challenge procurement decisions in a court of law.
In law, companies guilty of major violations of procurement regulations (i.e. bribery) are prohibited from p
In practice, companies guilty of major violations of procurement regulations (i.e. bribery) are prohibited fro
Can citizens access the public procurement process?
In law, citizens can access public procurement regulations.
In practice, citizens can access public procurement regulations within a reasonable time period.In practice, citizens can access public procurement regulations at a reasonable cost.
In practice, major public procurements are widely advertised.
In practice, citizens can access the results of major public procurement bids.
Privatization
Is the privatization process effective?
In law, all businesses are eligible to compete for privatized state assets.
In law, there are conflict of interest regulations for government officials involved in privatization.
In practice, conflict of interest regulations for government officials involved in privatization are enforced.
In law, is there a financial regulatory agency overseeing publicly listed companies?
Is the financial regulatory agency effective?
In law, the financial regulatory agency is protected from political interference.
In practice, the agency has a professional, full-time staff.
In practice, the agency receives regular funding.
In practice, when necessary, the financial regulatory agency independently initiates investigations.
In practice, when necessary, the financial regulatory agency imposes penalties on offenders.Can citizens access the financial records of publicly listed companies?
In law, citizens can access the financial records of publicly listed companies.
In practice, the financial records of publicly listed companies are regularly updated.
In practice, the financial records of publicly listed companies are audited according to international accou
In practice, citizens can access the records of disciplinary decisions involving publicly-listed companies.
In practice, citizens can access the financial records of publicly listed companies within a reasonable time
In practice, citizens can access the financial records of publicly listed companies at a reasonable cost.
Are business licenses available to all citizens?
In law, business licenses are not restricted to domestically-owned enterprises.
In law, a complaint mechanism exists if a business license request is denied.
In practice, citizens can obtain any necessary business license (i.e. for a small import business) within a r
In practice, citizens can obtain any necessary business license (i.e. for a small import business) at a reasAnti-Corruption Mechanisms and Rule of Law
Anti-Corruption Law
In law, is there legislation criminalizing corruption?
In law, attempted corruption is illegal.
In law, extortion is illegal.
In law, offering a bribe (i.e. active corruption) is illegal.
In law, receiving a bribe (i.e. passive corruption) is illegal.
In law, bribing a foreign official while in domestic territory is illegal.
In law, using public resources for private gain is illegal.
In law, using confidential state information for private gain is illegal.
In law, money laundering is illegal.
In law, conspiracy to commit a crime (i.e. organized crime) is illegal.In practice, are anti-corruption laws enforced?
Anti-Corruption Agency
In law, is there an agency (or group of agencies) with a legal mandate to address corruption?
Is the main anti-corruption agency effective?
In law, the agency is protected from political interference.
In practice, the agency is protected from political interference.
In practice, the head of the agency is protected from removal without relevant justification.
In practice, appointments to the agency are based on professional criteria.
In practice, the agency has a professional, full-time staff.
In practice, the agency receives regular funding.
In practice, the agency makes regular reports to the legislature.
In practice, the agency has sufficient powers to carry out its mandate.In practice, when necessary, the agency independently initiates investigations.
Can citizens access the main anti-corruption agency?
In practice, the main anti-corruption agency acts on complaints within a reasonable time period.
In practice, citizens complain to the agency without fear of recrimination.
Rule of Law and Access to Justice
In practice, does the criminal justice process function according to the rule of law?
In law, is there a general right of appeal?
Are citizens protected from detention without trial?
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