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GLOBAL LESSONS: DESIGNING CDD OPERATIONS
Samantha de SilvaHDNSP
April 2005
OVERVIEW Direct Financing of Community Sub-Projects
FUNDING AGENCY
(Central Government Agency, Social Fund, NGO, Local
Government, etc)
COMMUNITY GROUP
(Project Management Committee)
Materials
Contractors
Skilled Labor
Technical Assistance
Financing Agreement (Contract)
Disbursement Procurement
Materials Services
Other Characteristics:
Community Contribution (Labor, Materials, Cash)
Community Participation (throughout project cycle)
Subproject Cycle PreparationFunding Agency:–Informs stakeholders–Facilitates communities–Assesses capacity of communities–Develops simple technical designs–Appraises subproject (Desk/Field)
Community:–Elects Project Management Committee–Prepares/submits subproject application and budget
Approval and LaunchFunding Agency: –Trains community–Prepares financing agreement–Hands over first check at launch
Community:–Mobilizes community contribution–Plans launch ceremony–Signs Financial Agreement
CompletionFunding Agency:–Conducts completion assessment–Provides completion certificate
Community:–Takes over operation and maintenance of asset
Monitoring and EvaluationFunding Agency:–Releases funds–Conducts participatory technical/financial audits–Beneficiary assessments
Community:–Develops own indicators/M&E plan–Provides day-to-day oversight–Conducts audits
ImplementationFunding Agency: –Provides technical support–Oversees implementation/financial management
Community:–Procures materials and services–Supervises construction–Manages labor contribution–Prepares progress reports–Manages funds
Key Design Elements
Base arrangements on past community experience Info campaign to inform all stakeholders of “rules of
the game” Develop targeting strategy consistent with PDO Develop simple, standard designs with input from
communities/sectoral agencies Design simple training packages for communities
DCA
PAD
OM
Key Documents
• Development Credit Agreement (DCA)• Project Appraisal Document (PAD)• Operational Manual (OM)• Community Manual• Financing Agreement (FA and Community)
Ensure consistency across documents.
Community Contributions
Community must establish who should contribute, when, how and where the contribution will be given.
FA must help community value contributions accurately.
Community must track contributions.
Disbursement Arrangements
How should Funding Agency disburse to communities?• Output or Lump-sum method for financing based on
physical progress• Ensure that adequate funds flow smoothly to
communities• Disburse to communities in tranches• Cost savings accrue to community• Facilitate community’s access to formal banking
system
Procurement Arrangements
Develop/update Unit Cost Database Encourage communities to use Local Shopping (3
Quotations) but use Direct Purchase as long as items are within rates in Unit Cost Database
Use Local Competitive Bidding or Direct Contracting for hiring of contractors.
Establish wage rates for hiring skilled labor
Provide active support to communities on prices and quality
Build incentives for efficiency of procure-ment
Monitoring and Evaluation
Conduct systematic post review Set up MIS early in the project (track
process, input, output and outcome indicators)
Conduct financial audits together with technical and social audits.
Keep in mind the PAD as well as the ICR!
Operation and Maintenance
Address issues to do with maintenance and recurrent costs early on, verify during appraisal
Include plan to cover maintenance and recurrent costs
Provide training on technical aspects as well as fundraising techniques
Conduct post completion visits/training
Completion
Emphasize completion of subprojects on a timely basis
Account for all subproject related funds Submit final completion report Issue Completion Certificate