GLOBAL THREAT REDUCTION INITIATIVEDOMESTIC VOLUNTARY SECURITY ENHANCEMENTS FOR NON-POWER NUCLEAR REACTORS AND RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL FACILITIES

ORGANIZATION OF AGREEMENT STATES ANNUAL MEETINGAUGUST 2011

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GTRI Mission

Mission: Reduce and protect vulnerable nuclear and radiological material located at civilian sites worldwide

Goals:Convert research reactors and isotope production facilities from

HEU to LEU (permanent threat reduction)

Remove and dispose of excess nuclear and radiological materials (permanent threat reduction)

Protect high priority nuclear and radiological materials from theft and sabotage

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Global Partners

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Primary Materials of Concern in the United States

Cs-137:Self-shielded irradiators (research and sterilization), brachytherapy (cancer treatment), and calibrators (dosimeter and detector calibration)

Co-60:Teletherapy and Gamma Knife units (cancer treatment), self-shielded and panoramic irradiators (research and sterilization)

Ir-192:Brachytherapy (cancer treatment) and radiography (industrial imaging)

Am-241:Oil well logging (industrial imaging)

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Radiological MaterialNRC-led US interagency task force endorsed definitions, radioactive sources, and thresholds for RDDs and REDs of national significance. The analysis identified 16 radionuclides that met the criteria. An additional seven materials could be considered, but only at production facilities where they may be found in large quantities. Spent nuclear fuel also meets the criteria and is included in GTRI’s list.

Spent Nuclear Fuel:Non-Power Reactors (research and isotope production)

GTRI’s Domestic Mission

GTRI provides voluntary security assistance which includes: Removal of disused or unwanted

radioactive sources; Voluntary security enhancements; Specialized training for local law

enforcement; No-fault table top exercises; Transportation Security

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Relationship to Regulatory Orders and Requirements

The NRC and State regulatory agencies working together have created a strong and effective regulatory framework that includes licensing, inspection, and enforcement. This partnership ensures the security of 32 civilian nuclear research and test reactors and over 60,000 high-risk radioactive sources without adversely impacting their beneficial uses. This framework provides a common baseline level of security to ensure adequate protection of public health and safety and the common defense and security.

NNSA works with the NRC, the materials licensees and state, local and tribal governments to build on the existing regulatory requirements by providing voluntary security enhancements.

These voluntary security enhancements are complementary to and do not replace the licensees requirements to meet NRC and Agreement State regulations.

The voluntary security enhancements are sound, cost-effective, and prudent best practices which further improve security above regulatory requirements.

NRC published information summaries about GTRI programs

RIS 2010-02 The Global Threat Reduction Initiative (GTRI) Federally Funded Voluntary Security Enhancements For High-Risk Radiological Material, 1/21/2010, NRC ADAMS ML100150421

Partnership for Securing Nuclear and Radioactive Materials, 3/31/2010, NRC ADAMS ML100890349

GTRI notifies the appropriate regulatory agency before GTRI initiates work at a site

GTRI sends out credential letters for its staff and contractors who visit a site

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GTRI Site Prioritization

Prioritization Factors: Site Requests / Volunteers Material Attractiveness* UASI Region Proximity IDD Candidates Co-Location Strategic Partnerships

Constraining Factors: Budget Regional Approach

* Consistent with IAEA Category 1 and 2 definitions

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GTRI Security Enhancement Process

Voluntary and Site Specific Proposed enhancements designed specifically for, and negotiated with, each site and local law enforcement

agency

Federally Funded Assessments, equipment, installation, procedures, and training

Minimum 3 years of equipment warranty and maintenance provided

In return for enhancements sites are expected to use, maintain, exercise and sustain equipment and procedures (documented in a “Sustainability Statement” which indicates the site’s good faith commitment to operate and maintain federally funded security enhancements)

Volunteer(Licensee)

Assess(NNSA)

Design(NNSA/Licensee)

Agree(Licensee)

Install(NNSA)

Test/Train(NNSA)

Operate/ Maintain (Licensee)

Contract(NNSA/Licensee)

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Principles of GTRI Security Enhancements

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Prompt Detection and

Reliable Notification

Extended Adversary Task

Time

Timely, Aware, Equipped, and

Trained Response

GTRI CONTAINMENT STRATEGY

DETECT DELAY RESPOND

Sample Security Enhancements

Tamper Indication:Broken seal will result in transmission of images

and alarms wirelessly

Remote Monitoring System (RMS):Critical alarms trigger notification and assessment at

multiple on-site and off-site monitoring stations

Area Radiation Detector:Release of radiation triggers alarm and data

transmission

Dual Technology Motion Sensors:Motion or heat triggers alarm

Balanced Magnetic Switch (BMS): Unauthorized entry triggers alarm

Multi-Factor Access Control:Requires combination of card, pin, or

biometric scan for entry

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Prompt Detection and Reliable Notification

DETECT

Sample Security Enhancements

In-Device Delay (IDD) Kit:Increases time needed to access sources in

certain radiation devices

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Extended Adversary Task

Time

DELAY

Device Tie-Downs and security Cages:Increases time needed to remove entire

device

Facility Hardening:Security doors, bulletproof glass, and egress

security grating increases time needed to enter or exit a room

Sample Security Enhancements

On-Site and Off-Site Alarm Monitoring:Enhanced on-site alarm integration

systems and remote monitoring system review stations for instantaneous off-site

critical alarm notification

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Timely, Aware, Equipped, and

Trained Response

RESPOND

Local Law Enforcement Outreach and Awareness:

LLEA and FBI Information sharing, outreach meetings, and inclusion in all

GTRI security assessment visits

Personal Radiation Detector:Assists responders in protecting

themselves when responding to a potential radiological theft incident

Alarm Response Training and Table Top Exercises:

No-fault training and exercises for on-site and off-site responders to nuclear and radiological facilities

GTRI Remote Monitoring System

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In-Device Delay (IDD)

Passive barrier attached directly to the shielding, underneath the irradiator covers, over likely point(s) of source removal

Provides significant additional access delay over unhardened unit

IDD benefits are maximized if used in conjunction with detection and response elements of a security system

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Y-12 National Security Complex in Oak Ridge, TN• Realistic scenarios

using radioactive sources, irradiators and security equipment

• Classroom instruction and hands-on exercises

GTRI Alarm Response Training

Three-day course for first responders that teaches site security and local law enforcement how to protect themselves and their communities when responding to alarms indicating the possible theft/sabotage of civilian nuclear and radioactive materials.

DHS certified and included in the DHS training course catalog

Personal Radiation Device (PRD) “Train the Trainer” Course

Research and Test Reactor Course

Trained to current GTRI standard security upgrades, RFID Tamper indicating devices, Remote Monitoring System, etc.

GTRI pays for all attendee costs

except for salary (e.g. travel, lodging, car

rental, and per diem)

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GTRI Table Top Exercises

Players and participants usually include:• Federal (FBI, DHS, DOE)• State (Emergency Management, Regulator, etc.)• Local /Private (Site Personnel, RSO, Site Security, LLEA, Fire Department, County/City Personnel, etc.)

Promote cross-sector communications, cooperation, and team building among Federal, State, local, and private sector first responders

Prepare site-specific integrated response plan with Federal, State, local and private sector partners

Examine newly developed tactics, techniques, and procedures resulting from GTRI voluntary security enhancements

• One day (~6 hours) near-real time game play customized to your specific site

• Realistic events based on actual FBI threat information• Video injections with mock-media involvement for fast paced action• Challenges first responders to:

• Stop theft• Recover missing material• Execute post-dispersal consequence management

FBI and NNSA sponsor no-fault, site-specific scenarios where Federal, State, Local, and Private sector officials can exercise their response to terrorist acts involving nuclear and radioactive materials.

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GTRI Progress

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Security Enhancements Identified an estimated 2,795 buildings that meet GTRI criteria for assistance 271 buildings completed 264 buildings assessed and in progress 122 additional buildings have volunteered and are awaiting assessments

In-Device Delay Completed 245 installations out of 843 known candidate devices Industry partners (irradiator manufacturers) have begun to incorporate hardening

into production of new devices

Alarm Response Training and Table Top Exercises Conducted 36 ART courses and trained 1,268 students from 23 states and

Washington, D.C. 16 ART courses planned in FY2012 Conducted 16 TTXs in 14 states with one additional TTX planned in FY2011 (NY) Tentatively planning 7 TTXs in FY2012 in MA, HI, CA, VA, WA, OH, and NC

Security Enhancement Progress by State

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State Total (Est.) Completed In-Progress VolunteeredAK 17 0 0 0AL 60 0 1 1AR 24 1 6 0AZ 10 1 0 0CA 238 25 20 33CO 38 6 6 1CT 30 2 3 1DC 12 3 4 0DE 4 0 0 1FL 123 12 11 3GA 39 10 6 1GU 1 0 0 0HI 13 7 0 0IA 21 0 1 0ID 6 0 0 1IL 80 9 9 2IN 77 0 8 0KS 23 1 0 0KY 18 0 1 4LA 83 0 0 2MA 88 22 10 6MD 81 18 25 0ME 10 0 0 0MI 58 0 5 17MN 41 0 5 0MO 35 4 0 0MS 24 2 0 0

State Total (Est.) Completed In-Progress VolunteeredMT 11 0 3 0NC 66 15 10 5ND 14 0 0 0NE 27 0 1 0NH 7 0 0 1NJ 68 6 16 1NM 26 1 0 0NV 8 0 0 0NY 137 27 49 1OH 91 0 10 1OK 72 0 3 0OR 22 1 1 0PA 140 39 5 0PR 10 0 0 2RI 15 0 4 0SC 43 0 1 3SD 4 0 0 0TN 62 5 8 2TX 490 45 13 28UT 28 4 3 0VA 78 0 5 3VI 1 0 0 0VT 3 0 0 0WA 58 5 9 0WI 41 0 0 1WV 12 0 2 1WY 7 0 0 0Grand Total

2,795 271 264 122

Regional and Industry Outreach

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Regional Outreach and Coordination GTRI has partnered with state regulators, local law enforcement and the FBI to

conduct regional outreach meetings and workshops to increase awareness and kick off regional security enhancement projects

Currently conducting coordinated regional efforts in Philadelphia, State of New York, New York City, Chicago, State of New Jersey, Washington, D.C., East Tennessee, Commonwealth of Kentucky, Los Angeles and Orange County (CA)

Large-scale regional alarm monitoring agreements with several major metropolitan, county or state police departments

Industry Outreach GTRI, in coordination with other state and federal partners, conducts industry

outreach meetings and workshops to increase awareness and explore areas for GTRI security enhancement assistance

Current efforts included: Radioactive material shippers and carriers Well-Logging Security Initiative Radiography industry (NDTMA) Panoramic irradiation companies

Questions and GTRI Contacts

Questions?

Ioanna IliopulosOffice Director

North and South American Threat ReductionIoanna.Iliopulos@nnsa.doe.gov

202-586-1881

Pete TensmeyerDeputy Directory

North and South American Threat ReductionPeter.Tensmeyer@nnsa.doe.gov

202-586-2445

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