Global WarmingGlobal Warming

What is Global Warming?

An increase in the earth’s atmospheric and oceanic temperatures widely predicted to occur due to an increase in the greenhouse

effect resulting especially from Pollution.

Global temperature trendNote that these are surface temperatures and mostly overland. The temperature

in upper levels may be different, even reversed.

“ Satellites Pictures of Earth”

How is Global Warming Forming?

• According to scientist, human activities is the major contribution to Global Warming. With our excessive use of Non-Renewable Energy we have caused Greenhouse Gases to produce Global Warming.

What cause the temperature of the atmosphere to go up?

• There are many possible mechanisms that can cause the warming of the atmosphere, for example:– Natural variation – the climate becomes warmer by internal chaotic

dynamics of the earth-atmosphere system (that is, no external influence).

– Solar activity – either direct increase of solar energy output or indirect “trigger” mechanisms due to solar activity (though nobody knows how) may cause the surface temperature to go up.

– Greenhouse effect – increasing “greenhouse” gases such as CO2, CH4, NO, CFC,…etc. (actually H2O is very efficient, too, but at present it is assumed to be in steady state).

• The last one is presently thought to be the most likely cause of the global warming and hence we will examine it here in this chapter..

The Real Greenhouse

The (Atmospheric) Greenhouse Effect

• Examples of greenhouse gases: H2O, CO2, CH4, CFC.• Currently, CO2 is the main suspect of causing the global warming since the 20th

century because combustion of fossil fuel naturally injects CO2 into the atmosphere and it has increased dramatically since last century.

WHO IS MORE RESPONSIBLE ?

No DOUBT

INDUSTRIALIZED COUNTRIES

TEN POINTS

Number Ten

• There is a scientific consensus that human activities are very likely to affect global climate

Number Nine

• There is some chance that, due to the uncertainties of complex models and the assumptions used to drive them, the consensus is wrong.

Number Eight

• Ignoring the potential implications of climate change is taking a big risk with a valuable asset.– The Intergovernmental Panel

on Climate Change (IPCC) recommends that we avoid “dangerous human interference” with global climate systems.

Number Seven

• In order to avoid dangerous interference, IPCC estimates that we need to hold global emissions about steady.

Number Six

• Since the developing world would still like to develop, the developed world must make substantial emissions reductions.– IPCC says 70-80

percent of current levels must be reduced by 2040-2050.

Important Data

0.00E+00

1.00E+09

2.00E+09

3.00E+09

4.00E+09

5.00E+09

6.00E+09

7.00E+09

8.00E+09

World USA OECD Asia

Population Total Carbon Emissions

More Important Data

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

World USA OECD Asia

Per Capita Carbon Emissions

Number Five

• The Kyoto Protocol will result in only modest emission reductions– The US has not yet

ratified this treaty

Number Four

• We have 30-40 years to transform industrialized society– Reducing emissions

by 70-80 percent is a substantial challenge

US Greenhouse Emissions

CO283%

CH49%

N2O6%

HFCs, PFCs, SF62%

US CO2 Emissions

Fossil Fuel97%

Everything Else3%

US Fossil Fuel CO2 Emissions

Electricity Generation40%

Transportation32%

Industrial17%

Residential7%

Commercial4%

Number Three

• We already have technologies that can help us on the way– Efficiency– Renewable Energy– Coal-gasification with

carbon sequestration

Number Two

• The behavioral challenges are much more daunting than the technological ones.

Number One

• Climate change isn’t likely to affect our generation.

• We need to make changes for subsequent generations.

Conclusion