Global Global WarmingWarming

an average increase an average increase in the temperature of in the temperature of the atmosphere near the atmosphere near the Earththe Earth’’s surface s surface and in the and in the troposphere, which troposphere, which can contribute to can contribute to changes in global changes in global climate patternsclimate patterns

DefinitionDefinition

> Burning of fossil fuels (Coal/Crude oil)Power plants generate electricity

> Transportationfuels for transports e.g. LPG, kerosene, fuel oil

> Industrial processese.g. manufacture of cement, steel, aluminum)

CausesCauses

Besides carbon dioxide, other gases such as methane, chlorofluorocarbons, nitrogen oxides and ozone also contribute to the greenhouse effect.

The United Nation of America is alone responsible for about 20% of the total carbon emission!

Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere

↓

Traps Heat Radiation

↓

Greenhouse effect

Serious greenhouse effect

Global WarmingGlobal Warming

How serious is the How serious is the problem ?...problem ?...

Increase in greenhouse gases

Concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere is highly increasing by human activities

→ Leads to the increasing seriousness of global warming

ppmv = Parts Per Million Volume

Global surface temperatures

– increased about 0.6°C/century since the late19th century

– increased to 2°C/century over the past 25 years

Increase in Global temperatures

a·nom·a·lyəˈnäməlē/nounplural noun: anomalies1.something that deviates from what is standard, normal, or expected.

Temperature difference between different parts of atmosphereTroposphere temperatures (the lowest 8 kilometers of the Earth's atmosphere) collected since 1979 also indicate warming.

Cooling effect in higher parts of the atmosphere: stratospheric temperatures have been decreasing.

NOT globally uniform warming

Warming parts:– North America – Eurasia

Cooling parts:– parts of the southeastern U.S.

Increasing temperature

extremesRegions that have temperatures (1-3°C) warmer than the average:

– United States – Most of the Europe

Regions that have temperatures (1-3°C) cooler than the average:

– Australia

Regional Temperatures

Sea level rising

Rising at an average rate of 1 - 2

mm/year over the past 100 years

Environmental Environmental and Human and Human

EffectsEffects

Direct Temperature Effects

Increase in average temperature

More extreme heat waves during the summer; Less extreme cold spells during

the winter

Harmful to those with heart problems, asthma, the elderly, the very young and

the homeless

Extreme EventsEvents include:Heat waves, Cold waves, Storms, Floods and Droughts

Global Warming

An increase in the frequency of extreme events

More event-related deaths, injury, infectious diseases, and stress-related disorders

Climate-sensitive diseases

Increase the risk of some infectious diseases– [particularly that appear in warm areas;

are spread by mosquitoes and other insects]

e.g. Malaria, dengue fever, yellow fever, encephalitis

•Algal blooms occur more frequently as temperatures warm (particularly in areas with polluted waters)

Diseases (e.g. cholera) accompanying algal blooms become more frequent

UV Exposure

• Skin Cancer  – an abnormal growth of skin tissues.

• Premature aging– make the skin thick, wrinkled, and leathery  

• Cataracts – No longer have transparent lenses in their

eyes

*Owing to Ozone layer depletion

UV Exposure

• Other Eye Damages– Skin cancer around the eyes– Degeneration of the yellow spot

• Suppression of Immunity  – Overexposure to UV radiation suppress

proper functioning of the body's immune system and natural defenses of skin

– UV-B radiation weakens the immune system increases the chance of infection and disease

Air QualityAn increase in the concentration

of ground-level ozone

Damage lung tissue

Harmful for those with asthma and other chronic lung

diseases

Food supply

Rising temperatures and variable precipitation

Decrease the production of staple foods in many of the poorest

regions

Increasing risks of malnutrition

Population displacement

Rising sea levels

Increase the risk of coastal flooding

Necessitate population displacement

• More than half of the world's population now lives within 60km of the sea.

• Most vulnerable regions: The Ganges-Brahmaputra delta in Bangladesh, Nile delta in Egypt, many small islands, such as the Maldives, the Marshall Islands and Tuvalu.

Measures on controlling Measures on controlling the problemthe problem

What the Government can do-

* set some laws to limit the amount of pollutants produced by factories

* develop the skills of using renewable fuels, e.g. solar energy, wind energy

* encourage the factories to replace fossil fuels by renewable fuels, which would not cause environmental pollution

* carry out energy saving scheme → reduce the pollution produced by burning fossil fuels

* build more plants → reduce the pollutants e.g. CO2

What Citizens can do-

* reduce the use of plastic bags → as burning plastic emit CH4 * recycle the resources, e.g. plastic

* reduce the use of sprays → as CFCs would be emitted out * reduce the use of air-conditioner, which will emit CFCs * use public transportation instead of private cars → reduce the pollutants emitted by cars

Help Me!

Help Me!

Thank You All!

This concludes our presentation.

Presented byGroup 1

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