Global Water Partnership: Sustainable Development and Management of Water – using Earth Observation in SDG’s

CSIRO EARTH OBSERVATION & INFORMATICS ARNOLD DEKKER

Earth Observation Informatics FSP | Dr Arnold Dekker2 |

EARTH OBSERVATION FOR WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENTCURRENT USE AND FUTURE OPPORTUNITIES FOR THE WATER SECTORLuis E. García Diego RodríguezMarcus WijnenEditors

© 2015 The World Bank

[UArizonalogo

• Purpose– Part of the initiative of the WB Water Partnership Program (WPP) dedicated

to inform the use of remote sensing technology in the water resources decision-making processes when advantageous and/or facing in-situ data constraints.

• Audience – World Bank staff– Biophysical science and social scientists related to water management

• Goals:– Review the current use of EO for water related issues– Describe the current state of the art of water related EO– Suggest the likely near-future (10 y) developments – Provide recommendations to the WPP

The WB EO of Water Resources Scoping Report

Earth Observation Informatics FSP | Dr Arnold Dekker

Earth Observation Informatics FSP | Dr Arnold Dekker4 |

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GUIDELINES FOR OPERATIONAL APPLICATION

Guerschman Juan P., Donohue, Randall J., Van Niel Tom G., Renzullo Luigi J., Dekker Arnold G., Malthus Tim J., McVicar Tim R., and Van Dijk, Albert I. J. M.

Luis E. García Diego Rodríguez

Marcus Wijnen

Editors

Earth Observation Informatics FSP | Dr Arnold Dekker5 |

WRM problem to be solved;Institutions; Relevant stakeholders

Conditions of data network, data sharing possibility, existing monitoring and models, etc.

Adequacy of field observations

EO potential use

EO product suitability:

Spatial resolution

Temporal resolution (revisit frequency)

Record length

In situ data requirements

Reliability

Accuracy

Maturity

Complexity

Step

1INITIAL SCREENING

1DETERMINE EO POTENTIAL USE

1DETERMINE EO

PRODUCT SUITABILITY

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PLEASE DO NOT CITE OR DISTRIBUTE

Earth Observation Informatics FSP | Dr Arnold Dekker6 |

WRM problem to be solved;Institutions; Relevant stakeholders

Conditions of data network, data sharing possibility, existing monitoring and models, etc.

Adequacy of field observations

EO potential use

EO product suitability:

Spatial resolution

Temporal resolution (revisit frequency)

Record length

In situ data requirements

Reliability

Accuracy

Maturity

Complexity

Step

1INITIAL SCREENING

1DETERMINE EO POTENTIAL USE

WORK IN PROGRESS. FOR WORLD BANK PURPOSES ONLY.

PLEASE DO NOT CITE OR DISTRIBUTE

Earth Observation Informatics FSP | Dr Arnold Dekker7 |

WRM problem to be solved;Institutions; Relevant stakeholders

Conditions of data network, data sharing possibility, existing monitoring and models, etc.

Adequacy of field observations

EO potential use

EO product suitability:

Spatial resolution

Temporal resolution (revisit frequency)

Record length

In situ data requirements

Reliability

Accuracy

Maturity

Complexity

1DETERMINE EO POTENTIAL USE

1DETERMINE EO

PRODUCT SUITABILITY

WORK IN PROGRESS. FOR WORLD BANK PURPOSES ONLY.

PLEASE DO NOT CITE OR DISTRIBUTE

Earth Observation Informatics FSP | Dr Arnold Dekker

Do the same for SDG’s??

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Box 1: Guiding Questions to Aid in the Decision Whether to Use EO for WRM

1. Define the nature of the WRM problem What WRM questions need to be answered? What are the policy and or regulatory drivers of these

questions? Who are the stakeholders and beneficiaries of a solution to

the WRM problem? 2. Explore the capacity of sustaining and maintaining WRM

decision support and monitoring programs Local capability? Training needs? Local and international resources required?

3. Define the status of existing data and observation networks What metering is currently available? What is the condition of the data networks? Are there any impediments to sharing, collating, archiving

the data (e.g., transboundary issues)? What, if anything, has been done in the past to address the

issues at hand? Any monitoring? Modelling?

4. Evaluate adequacy of filed observations Well defined? Spatial density, frequency, continuity and period of

interest? Accuracy, and availability?

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Earth Observation Informatics FSP | Dr Arnold Dekker

Suggestion: Should GEO make a “guide-decision tree “ for statistical organisations (once final indicators are established) on the use of earth observation information for UN SDG indicators?

• SDG indicator to be reported on• Institutions & relevant stakeholders• Conditions of data network, data sharing, existing monitoring and

models, etc.• Adequacy of field observations• EO potential use• EO product suitability:• Spatial resolution• Temporal resolution (revisit frequency)• Record length• In situ data requirements• Reliability• Accuracy• Maturity• Complexity

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Earth Observation Informatics FSP | Dr Arnold Dekker10 |

Target

Original Indicator Proposal

Initial classification before the

meeting

New classification at the conclusion

of the meeting

Goal 6 Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all

6.3.2

Percentage of receiving water bodies with ambient water quality not presenting risk to the environment or human health

GREEN

Target

Original Indicator Proposal

Initial classification before the

meeting

Proposed modification/ alternative indicator or additional indicator

New classification at the conclusion

of the meeting

6.6.1

Target 6.6 By 2020, protect and restore water-related ecosystems, including mountains, forests, wetlands, rivers, aquifers and lakes.

Percentage of change in wetlands extent over time

YELLOW

% of change in fresh water ecosystems

GREEN

GEO Water Quality Community of Practice

Advocacy•White paper to NRC•Biennial WQ research agenda paper

End User Engagement•User work plan

GEO Secretariat Activities•Web Page•Quarterly calls•Interaction w/ other SBAs

Interactions with International /Govt. Agencies•World Bank,WHO•UNEP, UNSD

Science and Product Assessment• Biennial WQ research agenda paper•Catalogue of existing services

Capacity Building•Training•Webinars

IOCCG Water Quality Working Group•Chapter writing•Review

Development of Validation program•

UN SDG nr 6Water & water

Resources

Cooperative Global Research Applications Projects•Graduate special projects supported by agency/universities

•Coordinated global research collaborations between multiply countries/agencies

Community of Practice Programmatic Activities

Fast trackOne global product

WQ Monitoring Service

Development

WQ Monitoring Service Operationalization

WQ Monitoring and Forecasting Service

Evolution and addition of forecasting service

Flag

ship

Dev

elop

men

t (In

crea

sing

Re

sour

ces

requ

ired)

Short term1-5 years

WQ Monitoring and Forecasting Service Development and Operation

Long term5-10 years

Exec. Committee Secretariat Office

Near term0-1 year

Earth Observation Informatics FSP | Dr Arnold Dekker

Example : Ambient Water Quality

• A Proposed indicator: P and N concentrations as a measure of eutrophication.

• We proposed that this will be hard to measure in over 10’s millions water bodies across their length and width globally.

• Another indicator of eutrophication can be increased turbidity due to phytoplankton growth and in hypertrophic circumstances algal blooms (other indicators exist too around macrophytes etc.)

• Turbidity, Secchi Disk Transparency, Vertical Attenuation of Light, Total Suspended Matter, Coloured Dissolved Organic Matter and Chlorophyll and Cyanobacterial pigment concentrations can already be measured from space.========== logical solution for assessing ambient water quality!

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Earth Observation Informatics FSP | Dr Arnold Dekker

Cyanobacteria

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Earth Observation Informatics FSP | Dr Arnold Dekker

Examples of space-based images of algal blooms

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Images courtesy of ESA, Brockman consulting, Steve Greb; Mark Matthews

17th March 2010 Lake Burley Griffin WorldView-2 @ 2 m resolution

Mapping seasonal inland water quality variations from WorldView-2

Coloured Dissolved Organic Matter Non Algal Particulates

Chlorophyll Cyanophycocyanin

Earth Observation Informatics FSP | Dr Arnold Dekker

Future Data Access and Analysis Architectures

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• World is moving to better integration of multiple data sources & models

• Lack of access to vital EO data, especially in less developed countries, hampers global actions and treaties on climate change, loss of biodiversity, food security, water scarcity, disaster response, etc..

• Available EO archives at agencies are getting too bigNew Paradigm & Opportunities:• “Bring users (& tools) to the data”• Greater potential to integrate remote sensing, in-situ and

modelled data and services for GEO.• Potential to have a sustainable approach to data archiving –

critical to defensible information on contentious topics.• Create new platforms that can make collaboration easier,

whether between companies, researchers or agencies

Earth Observation Informatics FSP | Dr Arnold Dekker

Australian Geoscience Data Cube

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DZ40HNq47ro

Some (already identified) applications for the EO based Australian Geoscience Data Cube:

• Vegetation change, agricultural production• Flood inundation mapping, farm dam development• Groundwater dependent ecosystems• Wetland management and characterisation• Carbon accounting• Seagrass, macro-algae and substrate mapping• Coastal change and water quality• Shallow water bathymetry• Mining footprint and urban development• Bushfire scar mapping and forestry inventory• Location-specific products for mobile platforms

• “Map my paddock”

The Landsat Data Cube | Locate 2014

Earth Observation Informatics FSPDr Arnold Dekker

T +61 2 6246 5821M +61 419411338E arnold.dekker@csiro.auw www.csiro.au/CLW

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Proposed: globally valid water information structured in a manner that with UNSD , UN GGIM, UN-GEMI, UN WATER etc.,,is made suitable for National Statistics Office s to adopt to report on UN SDG 6 indicators and targets.

GEO UN SDG Side Event 10th Nov 2015, Mexico City