GLOBALIZATIONGLOBALIZATION

““farther, faster, deeper,farther, faster, deeper,

cheaper than ever before”cheaper than ever before”

Transport si telecomunicatiiTransport si telecomunicatii

MAYFLOWER 1620 trei luniMAYFLOWER 1620 trei luni Ch. Lindberg 1924 24 oreCh. Lindberg 1924 24 ore Concorde 1985 3 oreConcorde 1985 3 ore Rachetele balistice 2010 30minRachetele balistice 2010 30min

Un zbor transatlantic astazi costa doar o Un zbor transatlantic astazi costa doar o treime din cit costa acum 50 de ani.Iar o treime din cit costa acum 50 de ani.Iar o convorbire telefonica doar o catime. convorbire telefonica doar o catime. Revolutia INTERNETRevolutia INTERNET

Joe Smith started the day early having set his alarm Joe Smith started the day early having set his alarm clock (clock (MADE IN JAPANMADE IN JAPAN ) for 6 a.m. While his coffeepot ) for 6 a.m. While his coffeepot ( ( MADE IN CHINAMADE IN CHINA ) was perking, he shaved with his ) was perking, he shaved with his electric razor ( electric razor ( MADE IN HONG KONGMADE IN HONG KONG ). He put on a ). He put on a dress shirt ( dress shirt ( MADE IN SRI LANKAMADE IN SRI LANKA ), designer jeans ), designer jeans ( ( MADE IN SINGAPOREMADE IN SINGAPORE ) and tennis shoes ( ) and tennis shoes (MADE IN MADE IN KOREAKOREA ). After cooking his breakfast in his new ). After cooking his breakfast in his new electric skillet ( electric skillet ( MADE INMADE IN INDIA INDIA ) he sat down with ) he sat down with his calculator ( his calculator ( MADE IN MADE IN MEXICOMEXICO ) to see how much ) to see how much he could spend today. After setting his watch he could spend today. After setting his watch

( ( MADE IN TAIWANMADE IN TAIWAN ) to the radio ( ) to the radio (MADE IN MADE IN INDIAINDIA ) he ) he got in his car ( got in his car ( MADE INMADE IN GERMANY GERMANY ) filled it with GAS ) filled it with GAS from from Saudi ArabiaSaudi Arabia and continued his search for a and continued his search for a good paying good paying AMERICANAMERICAN JOB JOB At the end of yet At the end of yet

another discouraging and fruitless day checking his another discouraging and fruitless day checking his Computer (Computer (Made In MalaysiaMade In Malaysia ), Joe decided to relax ), Joe decided to relax for a while. He put on his sandals ( MADE IN BRAZIL ) for a while. He put on his sandals ( MADE IN BRAZIL ) poured himself a glass of wine ( poured himself a glass of wine ( MADE IN FRANCE.! MADE IN FRANCE.! France !!France !! ) and turned on his TV ( ) and turned on his TV ( MADE IN MADE IN INDONESIAINDONESIA ), and then wondered why he can't find a ), and then wondered why he can't find a good paying job in .. AMERICA ....good paying job in .. AMERICA ....

World as a single spaceWorld as a single space GlobaliGlobalization refers to all those processes by which the peoples of zation refers to all those processes by which the peoples of

the world are incorporated into the world are incorporated into a single world society, global a single world society, global societysociety..

(Martin Albrow 1990)(Martin Albrow 1990) Globalization does not simply refer to the objectiveness of Globalization does not simply refer to the objectiveness of

increasing interconnectedness. It also refers to cultural and increasing interconnectedness. It also refers to cultural and subjective matters <namely, the scope and depth of subjective matters <namely, the scope and depth of consciousness of the consciousness of the world as a single placeworld as a single place>.>.

(Roland Robertson 1992)(Roland Robertson 1992) Globalization can . . . be defined as the intensification of Globalization can . . . be defined as the intensification of

worldwide social relations which link distant localities in such a worldwide social relations which link distant localities in such a way that local happenings are shaped by events occurring many way that local happenings are shaped by events occurring many miles away and vice versa.miles away and vice versa.

(Anthony Giddens 1990)(Anthony Giddens 1990) Die GlobalisierungDie Globalisierung . . . global networking that has welded together . . . global networking that has welded together

previously disparate and isolated communities on this planet into previously disparate and isolated communities on this planet into mutual dependence and unity of mutual dependence and unity of “one world“.“one world“.

(Emanuel Richter, translated from German)(Emanuel Richter, translated from German) The world is becoming The world is becoming a global shopping malla global shopping mall in which ideas in which ideas

and products are available everywhere at the same time.and products are available everywhere at the same time.(Rosabeth Moss Kanter 1995)(Rosabeth Moss Kanter 1995)

The globalization system ,unlike the Cold The globalization system ,unlike the Cold War system, is not a frozen, but War system, is not a frozen, but a dynamic a dynamic ongoing processongoing process. That’s why I define . That’s why I define globalization this way: it is the inexorable globalization this way: it is the inexorable integration of markets, nation-states and integration of markets, nation-states and technologies to a degree never witnessed technologies to a degree never witnessed before before -in a way that is enabling individuals, -in a way that is enabling individuals, corporations and nation-states to reach corporations and nation-states to reach around the world around the world farther, faster, deeper farther, faster, deeper and cheaper than ever beforeand cheaper than ever before, and in a way , and in a way that is enabling the world to reach into that is enabling the world to reach into individuals, corporations and nation-states individuals, corporations and nation-states farther, faster, deeper and cheaper than farther, faster, deeper and cheaper than ever before”.ever before”.

Thomas Friedman -Thomas Friedman -The Lexus and the The Lexus and the Olive TreeOlive Tree

““The debate about globalisation is, in my The debate about globalisation is, in my view, view, the most important debate that is the most important debate that is going on in the social sciences todaygoing on in the social sciences today and as and as everyone sitting here will know it is not only everyone sitting here will know it is not only an intellectual debate, although it started an intellectual debate, although it started out that way, it's a debate which brings out that way, it's a debate which brings people out into the streets from the people out into the streets from the meetings of WTO in Seattle, right the way meetings of WTO in Seattle, right the way through to the events of Genoa more through to the events of Genoa more recently, which have quite often involved recently, which have quite often involved significant violence. it is a debate about significant violence. it is a debate about what shape the 21st century will assume. It what shape the 21st century will assume. It is a debate about our collective future and is a debate about our collective future and how how we might shape itwe might shape it in the current in the current century.century. ” ”

Anthony Giddens-LSEAnthony Giddens-LSE

Debutul GlobalizariiDebutul Globalizarii Marx sec. XV capitalismul modernMarx sec. XV capitalismul modern

Wallerstein sec. XV sistemul mondial modernWallerstein sec. XV sistemul mondial modern

Giddens sec.XVIII modernizareGiddens sec.XVIII modernizare

Robertson 1870-1920 colonizarea, imp. BritanicRobertson 1870-1920 colonizarea, imp. Britanic

Perlmutter 1989 civilizatia globalaPerlmutter 1989 civilizatia globala

conform Ulrich Beck-”Ce este globalizarea”conform Ulrich Beck-”Ce este globalizarea”

de Montbrial 1179 Conciliul de la Laterande Montbrial 1179 Conciliul de la Lateran

Cauzele globalizariiCauzele globalizarii

Revolutia permanenta in domeniul Revolutia permanenta in domeniul tehnologiei, in special in domeniul tehnologiei, in special in domeniul tehnologiei informatieitehnologiei informatiei

Comertul international,conectarea globala Comertul international,conectarea globala a pietelor, MNCa pietelor, MNC

Sfirsitul razboiului rece si raspindirea Sfirsitul razboiului rece si raspindirea democratiei-democratiei-

Fluxurile industriilor culturale globaleFluxurile industriilor culturale globale Politica mondiala post-internationalaPolitica mondiala post-internationala Problemele globaleProblemele globale

Caracteristicile globalizariiCaracteristicile globalizarii Interdependenta accelerataInterdependenta accelerata

““action at a distance” ; “intermestic”action at a distance” ; “intermestic” Compresia timp-spatiuCompresia timp-spatiu

IntensitateaIntensitatea

DinamicaDinamica

ComplexitateaComplexitatea

Marile transformariMarile transformari Transformarea modelelor dominante Transformarea modelelor dominante

de organizare socio-economicade organizare socio-economica “ “retele globale de productie”retele globale de productie”

Transformarea principiului teritorialTransformarea principiului teritorial “ “reconfigurarea suveranitatii”reconfigurarea suveranitatii”

Transformarea puteriiTransformarea puterii

“ “hard power, soft power, smart power”hard power, soft power, smart power”

HARD POWERHARD POWER

Command and Control Command and Control - A Strictly Hierarchical - A Strictly Hierarchical StructureStructure

Command and Control Command and Control - A Robustly Networked - A Robustly Networked StructureStructure

SOFT POWERSOFT POWER

ATRACTIVITATEA CULTURALAATRACTIVITATEA CULTURALA

INFLUENTAINFLUENTA

ASISTENTA ECONOMICA SI ASISTENTA ECONOMICA SI FINANCIARAFINANCIARA

SMART POWERSMART POWER

==

HARD POWERHARD POWER

++

SOFT POWERSOFT POWER

by Joseph Nyeby Joseph Nye

Difuzia PuteriiDifuzia Puterii

““super-empowered individuals”super-empowered individuals”

““super-empowered non-state actors”super-empowered non-state actors”

““Because globalization has brought down Because globalization has brought down many of the walls that limited the many of the walls that limited the movement and reach of people, and movement and reach of people, and because it has simultaneously wired the because it has simultaneously wired the world into networks, it gives more power world into networks, it gives more power to individuals to influence both markets to individuals to influence both markets and nation-states than any time in and nation-states than any time in history….Some of these history….Some of these Super-Super-empowered individualsempowered individuals are quite angry, are quite angry, some of them quite wonderful-but all of some of them quite wonderful-but all of them are now able to act directly on the them are now able to act directly on the world stage.”world stage.”

Thomas Friedman –The Lexus and the Olive Tree”Thomas Friedman –The Lexus and the Olive Tree”

The world of OsamaThe world of Osama

In 30 de zile de conflict In 30 de zile de conflict Hezbollah a lansat mai Hezbollah a lansat mai multe rachete asupra multe rachete asupra Israelului decit Germania Israelului decit Germania asupra Angliei in RMII.asupra Angliei in RMII.

Shlomo Benami –”Adio (glorios) razboi”Shlomo Benami –”Adio (glorios) razboi” RL -opinii 12.03.2007 p 9RL -opinii 12.03.2007 p 9

Globalizarea siGlobalizarea si Politica internationala Politica internationala

ActoriiActorii

ObiectiveleObiectivele

InstrumenteleInstrumentele

Actori statali+Actori nestataliActori statali+Actori nestatali

Marile corporatii internationaleMarile corporatii internationale Shell,IBM,General Motors,Exxon-MobilShell,IBM,General Motors,Exxon-Mobil O.I.+O.I.N.O.I.+O.I.N. ONU,NATO,OPEC,IMF,Greenpeace, ONU,NATO,OPEC,IMF,Greenpeace, Amnesty International,Amnesty International, Freedom HouseFreedom House Organizatiile trans-nationale ale Organizatiile trans-nationale ale

crimei strategicecrimei strategice Mafia, Al Qaida, Cartelul “CALI”Mafia, Al Qaida, Cartelul “CALI”

ObiectiveleObiectivele

SecuritateaSecuritatea

ProsperitateaProsperitatea

IdentitateaIdentitatea

InstrumenteleInstrumentele

Scaderea eficientei puterii militareScaderea eficientei puterii militare

Blestemul armei nucleareBlestemul armei nucleare

Forta nationalismuluiForta nationalismului

Constringerile interneConstringerile interne

Instrumente alternativeInstrumente alternative

Globalizarea si statulGlobalizarea si statul ““Modern state is Modern state is

increasingly increasingly embedded in embedded in webs of webs of regional and global regional and global interconnectednessinterconnectedness permeated by quasi-permeated by quasi-supranational, supranational, intergovermental and intergovermental and transnational forces.”transnational forces.”

David Held and David Held and Anthony McGrewAnthony McGrew

“ “The great The great globalization debate”globalization debate”

Dialectica conflictelorDialectica conflictelor

Universal V.S. RegionalUniversal V.S. Regional Globalization V.S. LocalizationGlobalization V.S. Localization democratie V.S. totalitarismdemocratie V.S. totalitarism “ “local is the main source of conflict”local is the main source of conflict” Transnational V.S. NationalTransnational V.S. National integrareintegrare MNCMNC transnational threatstransnational threats

Americanism V.S. Anti-AmericanismAmericanism V.S. Anti-Americanism

CISTIGATORICISTIGATORI

V.S.V.S.

PERDANTIPERDANTI

OPORTUNITATIOPORTUNITATI

V.S.V.S.

AMENINTARIAMENINTARI

Marile intrebariMarile intrebari

Cum sa maresti beneficiile Cum sa maresti beneficiile reducind cit mai mult reducind cit mai mult inconvenientele sau costurile inconvenientele sau costurile globalizarii?globalizarii?

Daca si cum poate fi gestionata Daca si cum poate fi gestionata sau chiar ordonata globalizarea?sau chiar ordonata globalizarea?

Criticii globalizariiCriticii globalizarii Internationalizare Internationalizare

RegionalizareRegionalizare

Suprematia statului-natiune Suprematia statului-natiune

InterguvernamentalismInterguvernamentalism

Contra-globalizare:nationalism si identitateContra-globalizare:nationalism si identitate

Dezvoltarea blocurilor regionale-TriadizationDezvoltarea blocurilor regionale-Triadization

Societatea internationala a statelorSocietatea internationala a statelor

w.w.w.w.w.w.

BibliografieBibliografie

BibliografieBibliografie

BibliografieBibliografie

Va multumesc!Va multumesc!

Intrebari?Intrebari?