Globalization:
good or bad, for whom?
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History of GlobalizationHuman Migration
Human migration
http://stryder.com/staid/migration_of_anatomically_modern_humans_bldg_blog_2008.jpg
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History of GlobalizationTrade Routes
Trade Routes
http://www.wwnorton.com/worlds/ch4/maps.htm
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Globalization
• Definition by Rhys Jenkins (2004):
‘A process of greater integration within the
world economy through movements of
goods and services, capital, technology
and labour, which lead increasingly to
economic decisions being influenced by
global conditions.’
Definition
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Think about the world…..
BEFORE globalization
1. Distance mattered - space often
measured in time
2. Territorial boundaries more or
less kept things in and out
3. Society and culture had spatial
referents
4. Everything had its “place”
(literally)
AFTER globalization
1. Distance becomes almost
irrelevant (the end of distance)
2. Boundaries are increasingly
permeable.
3. Groups and cultures increasingly
don’t have a territorial basis
(deterritorialization)
4. A new kind of non-physical
“place” is emerging
(supraterritoriality)
Before & After Globalization
A world of deterritorialization &
supraterritoriality
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What fosters globalization?
• The technology of the Internet and
means if rapid communication (e.g.,
email)
• The geopolitical changes following the
demise of the Soviet Union and the
opening of borders
, which led to the widely accepted belief that
markets regulate themselves and
free market economy is the best system
Triggers for the Globalization
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Pros and Cons
• Globalization has
the potential to
benefit humankind
and is here to stay.
• Globalization widens
inequality.
Pros and Cons
http://live.worldbank.org/joseph-stiglitz-price-inequality-liveblog-webcast
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Global InequalityRich/developed
• Already had developed
government regulations
• Already had social
institutions and safety
nets in place (e.g., free
universal education, universal
healthcare, unemployment
insurance, pension systems)
Poor/developing
• The conditions demanded
by the international
institutions for debt
restructuring were drastic
cuts in social spending.
• Healthcare and education
suffered most.
• Lost their vital markets
because of agricultural
subsidies and trade
barriers.
Global inequality
Public spending on health, education and other social
projects were cut, jobs were lost and poor countries and
poor people became even poorer.
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Globalization and Health
• Global flows of money and information
with direct impact on health involve
people and their lifestyles as defined by
consumption patterns.
• Trade liberalization– Aggressive global tobacco marketing →
↑smoking → chronic diseases across
national borders
– Increased foreign direct investment in food
processing → ↑ obesity in developing
Health
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Globalization and
Human Resources for Health
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Human resources for Health
http://www.who.int/world-health-day/previous/2006/en/
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Healthcare Worker Shortage
• The migration of skilled health workers is
part of the growing global integrating of
healthcare markets.
Healthcare worker shortage
• Workers in health systems
around the world, and
nurses in particular, are
experiencing increasing
demands stress and
insecurity.http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c-OEhqIkhSY
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Global Nursing Ethics
• The essence of a global ethic is based
on the knowledge of what it means to
be a human being, despite cultural,
religious, ethnic, political, gender, age
and economic differences.
Global nursing ethics
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Global Nursing Ethics
• The essence of a global ethic is based
on the knowledge of what it means to
be a human being, despite cultural,
religious, ethnic, political, gender, age
and economic differences.
• Amartya Sen’s 10 central human
capabilities
Global nursing ethics
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Sen’s central human capabilities
Tshudin, V., & Davis, A J. Eds.
(2008). The Globalisation of Nursing.
Oxon, United Kingdom: Radcliff
Publishing, Ltd. Page 19-21
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Global Nursing
Global Nursing
Global Nurse Initiative, Two Years Later
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zKXqWqGW7gA
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Leadership
MBC 일밤단비, 잠비아에서우물파다http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qX_-Ff81yEI
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Leadership
http://www.toms.com/our-movement/l
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Global vs. International
Global vs. International
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Global vs. International
• GLOBAL HEALTH
includes health issues
which are international and
domestic.
• We have special attention
to health issues in North
Korea
North Korea
Global vs. International
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Global health vs. Global health care
Global health
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Questions
Comments
Thoughts
Suggestions
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Discussion Questions
1. Define globalization and its pros and
cons
2. Describe personal experience about
globalization and its
favorable/unfavorable effects
Discussion Questions