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Topics
• Economics• Japanese Language & Culture• Organizational Behavior• Sustainable Enterprise• Marketing• Travel & Food
Geography
Sapporo - Boston
●Korea
Okinawa - Miami
●
China
Tokyo - Chapel HillOsaka
●
●
From CH, NC - 14 hours by airTime Zone - 14 hours ahead
PacificOcean
Demographics
• Population - 128 million (ranked No. 10)• Race / Ethnicity - Japanese 98%• Life expectancy - Male 79 yrs, Female 86 yrs (Ranked No.1)
• Declining birth rate - Aging society : 20% of people are 65 yrs old or more
- Population growth : Negative• Big cities - Tokyo area: 32 million,
- Osaka area: 12 million,
PoliticsPrime Minister
The 13th minister in 20 yrs
Problems… - Budget deficit (worst in developed countries) - Reform of government pension Plan etc.
Few regulations for imports, exports and capital transfer
Economy
Japan
USA
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90%100%
1.2%
1.2%
22.7%
17.4%
6.5%
4.9%
18.8%
19.6%
27.7%
32.0%
23.0%
24.9%
GDP composition
Agriculture Manufacturing Construction Wholesale, retailFinance, real estate Other service
- Low growth rate - Extremely low interest rate
GDP
$ 13,202 bil. ($44K per capita)
$ 4,366 bil.($35K per capita)
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000Nikkei 225
S&P500
2000 2004 2008
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
NIKKEI225 vs. S&P500
SUMMARY OUTPUTRegression Statistics
Multiple R 0.595R Square 0.353Adjusted R Square 0.347Standard Error 2630.313Observations 98
t-stats =72.24P-value =0.0000
Stock Market
Leading CompaniesCompany Industry Profit Market Cap.
Toyota Motor Co. Automobile $ 16.1 bil. $ 208 bil.
Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Co. Bank $ 8.9 bil. $ 107 bil.
Nippon Telegraph and Telecom Co. Telecom $ 4.6 bil. $79 bil.
NTT DoCoMo Inc. Telecom $ 4.8 bil. $76bil.
Nintendo Co., Ltd. Electronics $1.7 bil. $75bil.
Sumitomo Mitsui Financial Group Bank $ 4.4 bil. $63bil.
Canon Inc. Electronics $ 4.6 bil. $61 bil.
Honda Motor Co., Ltd. Automobile $ 5.9 bil. $61 bil.
Matsushita Electric Industrial Co. Electronics $ 2.2 bil. $58 bil.
Takeda Pharmaceutical Company, Ltd.
Pharma $ 3.4 bil. $57 bil.
Long-term Relationship
•Between Company and Employee - Lifetime employment
•Between Companies (Keiretsu)
Mitsubishi UFJ Bank Mitsubi
shi Estate
Mitsubishi
Electronics
Mitsubishi Co.(Tradin
g)
Mitsubishi
Heavy Industr
y
Mitsubishi
Chemical
Toyota Motor Co.Aisin seiki Co. Transmission
Denso Co.Electrical Components
Toyota Industry Co.Forklift truck
Toyota Tsusho Co.Trading
Zaibatsu-oriented(Mitsubishi group)
Large manufacturer (Toyota Group)
Strange People?
Why Japanese people are…• Shy?• Hard working/dedicated?
Why Japanese people do NOT…
• Think out of the box?• Speak out in meetings?
Small and Closed Community
• Island surrounded by seas• SAKOKU ( 鎖国 )
– disconnected from overseas (1633-1853)
• SHIMAGUNI-KONJO ( 島国根性 )– Not much experience
under diverse environments
historically and geographically
Small and Closed Community
• HONNE-TATEMAE ( 本音 - 建前 )– Honest feelings and official position
• WA ( 和 )– sense of harmony and togetherness
• NEMAWASHI ( 根回し )– Technique to reconcile interests
while maintaining WA
Hierarchical Society
• Feudal society (till 19th century)– Samurai– Vertical Society– Strict orders and strong relationships
• ON( 恩 ) / GIRI( 義理 )– Seniors care for Juniors– Juniors respect Seniors
• KENSON ( 謙遜 ) – WA and social hierarchy
• Ethics– Small and vertical society
8:00AM Commuting Rush
Rate of congestion--- Unknown, but very high!http://jp.youtube.com/watch?v=a6rYUvSFWro
9:00AM: Morning Meeting
• Start with morning meeting• Contents: Boss’ speech, short exercise,
and confirmation of the day’s goals
• Exchange business cards at start of meeting• Pass first to the higher-ranked person • Treat business cards carefully (display on
table) until leaving
Business Card Exchange
• Visitors sit further away from door• Most senior member sits furthest from door• Boss sits in the middle
Meeting Room Cafe
Entrance
Seating Position
8:30PM: After Work
• Usually, Japanese can’t leave office on time• Often, boss asks subordinates for a drink (at
Japanese pub)• Most of topics are business• Only the last train can
stop this drinking party
0:45AM(Next day):
Capsule Inns
• Cheap alternative to taking a taxi • 4000 Yen (~$37) includes “room,”
common bath, bathroom, locker• Clothes and toiletries sold
• Very important opportunity to find sweetheart(s) for Japanese workers
• Men and women sit alternately
After work 1:
Goukon (Matchmaking Party)
• Eat and drink under trees
• Company as community
• New hires save spots all day
After work 2:
Cherry Blossoms Viewing
Mottainai ( 勿体ない)
• Unique concept, no direct translation• Respect for nature and man-made objects • Concepts of 3R (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle)
and Repair • Concept practiced since ancient times• Part of everyday life• Spread by Wangari Maathai
(Nobel Peace Prize Winner, 2004)
Reducing Waste in Daily Life
• Handkerchiefs– Used to wipe hands, sweat, as accessory
• Energy efficient hand dryers– Dries hands quickly
Reuse and Reduce: Refillable Shampoo
• 80% of families purchase shampoo refills• Body wash, hand soap, softener, detergent,
bleach are also refillable
1990 2000 20050%
100%
0.4%
% of shampoo buying families
50.2%
79.3%
Percent of families buying refillable shampoo
Reducing Energy Usage
• Cool biz: office AC set at 82.4F– Uchiwa, Sensu (hand-held fan)
• Warm biz: office heater set at 68F• Kotatsu (electronic heater)
Composting Trash
• 40 pounds of food waste produced every year by average Japanese household (vs.195 pounds in the US)
• Subsidy given by cities for families to purchase composting machine
After 24 hrsMicrobes change garbage into compost
http://www.alighterfootprintfilm.com/statistics.html
Disposal of Cooking Oil
• Products available to solidify used oil• Some recycle it as bio-fuel• If directly dumped in sink:
Extreme increase of BOD(Biochemical Oxygen Demand)
Kill fishes in rivers, oceans
Sorting Trash in Typical City
Apartment:• Sort out trash in up to 18 different bins• Throw out any day of the week• Pay community fee for trash pick upHomes:• Around 4 separate pick ups• Purchase trash bags specified by district• Place in specified area before 8AM• Community duty and peer pressure
How would you throw this out?
1. Water bottle
Answer: Separate into 3 groups
1) Caps-recycle with plastic
2) Label-recycle with plastic
3) Bottle- flatten and recycle
Typical Trash CollectionPlastic: bags, cups, trays. Once per week
“Rinse the bottles and be creative in reducing the size of containers.”
Cans, glass, plastic bottles. Once per week
“Flatten out the bottles. Remove the labels and caps from bottles and recycle.”
Newspaper, magazines, milk cartons. Twice per month
“Tie the paper according to type and place in transparent trash bag.”
Food waste, battery, broken glass. Twice per week
“Label the contents of bag”
How would you throw this out?
2. Half-full coffee in paper cup, in café
Answer:
1) Throw out the remaining liquid in container
2) Place paper cup in bin for paper recyclables
Quiz : Which improves gas mileage most?
A. Stop idling (10 min/month)
D. Remove unnecessary stuffs (30 kg)
C. Proper tire pressure
B. Stop aggressive acceleration/deceleration (10 times/day > 0 times/day)
Research at Toyota: Eco-driving
Eco-driving35 mpg
30 mpg(Baseline)
Mileage
Remove 30kg
30.08
Tire Pressure
30.38
Mild driving
31.20
Idling stop
32.33
All
34.31
Product example: Super Toilet
• Adoption rate: 60% of Japanese household• Features
– Automatic open/flush/close– Heated seat– Shower & dryer (no paper)– Sound– Deodorization
• Testimony
Product example2: Services
• Respect customers• Customers have been king for a long time• You can “really” expect for 0 Yen at McDonald• Side Effect: demanding customers
• Free ad pocket tissues– Personal loan company– Dating site– Contact lenses– Cell phone– ...and more
Promotion:
Place: Convenience Store
• Everywhere in cities• Sell many kinds of goods/services
– Cooked food, Magazines, Beer, etc.– 2500 SKU in 110 ㎡ (1200 sft)– 70% of products replaced/year– Parcel delivery, entertainment ticket– Tax, gas, electricity payment, ATM
• Super efficient inventory control– State-of-the-art inventory management– Frequent delivery: 2-3 times a day
It’s not just 24 hours operation
Tokyo
• Business and political center of JapanMany companies’ headquarters
• One of the biggest cities in the world 12M population in city of Tokyo, 32M in metropolitan area
• Something for everyoneShopping, dining, sports, entertainment….
• Extensive public transportation
Tokyo: example
Nighttown
Business district
Fashion center
CybertownOld town
Shinkansen (“Bullet train”)
• The world’s first bullet train (since 1964)
• Extremely reliable– Speed: 170 mile/hour (max)
– Frequency: 13 train/hour (peak)
– Fatal accident: never– Average delay: 6 seconds!!
Kyoto
• In west part of Japan• Historic city (former capital for 1200 years)• Listed as World Heritage Site• One of the most popular travel destinations
Kyoto: example
“Onsen”: Hot Spring
• Onsen is– Japanese favorite resort– scattered around countryside thanks to volcanoes– located indoor and outdoor– believed to be healthy
• Experience Onsen– Exercise (optional)– Bathe in Onsen until you feel bored– Enjoy Beer/Food– Sleep in traditional lodge
Japanese Food
• Essence– Quality of ingredient
• Value true taste of ingredient– Very little spices used
• Offer raw ingredient
– Seasonality of food• most available = best in quality
e.g. crab in winter, salmon in fall
– Presentation