1Administration º²Ûm-BôP-ü
zl-Vh-Gbm-ºzïzÅ-¾Å-ºV¼üTIBETAN TERMINOLOGY PROJECT
º²Ûm-BôP-zl-VhüADMINISTRATIVE TERMS
ÁïÅ-¼ÛG-¯ô¤-OÛG-±m-qüPUBLICATION CELL / DOE
Administration 2 º²Ûm-BôP-ü1ü ‚-hPôÅ-GP-ŸÛG-ÇtôP-zºÛ-‚-GŸG2ü ¾Å-ºGm-m¤-¤ôÅ-q-»ôh-zŸÛm-hÝ-
¼ôGÅ-¼¤-¤¤-Mz-Bô¼-xÛ¼-ºfïm-‚ïh-qü
‚-hPôÅ-GP-ŸÛG-GÛ-IPÅ-ºzô¼-hP.ü±h-GŸÛº¤-P¼-ÁÝGÅ-Wï-VßP-hÝ-GbôP-zü1ü ±ÛG-G¤-±ÛG-±ôGÅ-fÞP-hÝ-zbP-
zºÛ-n¤-qü2ü V-ÁÅ-¼ï-ºGº-h‚ãP-zº¤-xÛÅ-
bï-fÞP-hÝ-GbôP-zü¾ÞGÅ-¤fÞm-HÛ-hGôPÅ-ŸÝ-hP.ü hzP-V-hô¼-zº¤-„ÀôÅ-GbôP-ü¼Ûm-fP-Tm-HÛ-T-hPôÅ-¼ÛGÅ-Ç~-ºWôG-G¤-GTïÅ-Z¼-‚ïh-ÅüBï-zô-GP-ŸÛG-z®m-qô-hzP-Áïh- Û̂Å-z Þ̧P-Z¼-‚ïh-q-hP.ü ºFÛh-qºÛ-FÛ¤Å-ºG¾-‚-GŸGPG-GÛ-Ç+ݾ-ÇÀôP-‚ïh-±ß¾ü
GŸm-¾-zMãh-Ç+ݾ-¾¤-Åï¤Å-ÁÝGÅ-Çtô¼-zº¤-¼ôGÅ-‚ïh-¤Dmü‚ïh-ÇKô-GP-ŸÛG-GmÅ-Ç+zÅ-¼ÛP-
abandonment
abate
abbreviation
abdication
abditory
abduction
abetment
abettor
abeyance
1ü ÇtôP-zºÛ-¾Åü2ü Mz-Bô¼-xÛ¼-ºfïmü
GTôG-V-‚ïh-qü ZÝP-hÝ-GbôP-zü ƒÛ-zü1ü zÇkÝÅ-»ÛG zÇ+ÝPÅ-»ÛG2ü ±ÛG-±ôGÅ-zBåPÅ-qü
Gô-GmÅ-ºhô¼-zü
Ç~-Åü Z¼-±GÅ-‚ïh-Åü
z®m-FÛhü
PG-GÛ-zMãh-Ç+ݾüPm-Ç+ݾüzMãh-Ç+ݾ-‚ïh-qôüPm-Ç+ݾ-‚ïh-qôüGmÅ-Ç+zÅ-PP-ºfïmü
3Administration º²Ûm-BôP-ü¤±¤Å-ºWôG‚ïh-ÇKô-GP-ŸÛG-Çtï¾-Oæz-fÞz-qºÛ-¼P-zŸÛmüfôG-¤¼-ºGô-º²âGÅ-hÝÅ-mÅüuÛ¼-zbP-P¤-uÛ-ljô¤Å- Û̂-V-¾Å-n¤-q-f-hh-qü1ü ÇÀh-¤¼-¯-º²Ûm-¾G-zÇe¼-¤Û-
hGôÅ-q-z ô̧-zºÛ-‚-GŸG2ü ±ï-G»ôG-¾¤-Æô¾-¯-Gbô¼üfôG-¤-ZÛh-mÅ-Å-DÞ¾-hï-¼P-hÝ-GmÅ-qºÛüô̄¤-ƒÛÅ-Ť-hqï-hïz- Û̂-V-ÁÅ-ÇS-¤¼-ǨôÅ- Û̧m-qºÛühï-GºÛ-mP-ÇSôm-mÅ-zXôh- Û̧m-qºÛü1ü zXôh-hôm-GP-ŸÛG-GÛ-»ÛG-GŸÛ-
ZÝP-ºyÛ-‚ïh-qü2ü ljÛP-hôm-¤-z½ÀG-q¼-zÇkÝÅ-ÅÞ-
GbôP-zü¤hô¼-zÇkÝ-zº¤-fÞP-hÝ-GbôP-zºÛ-‚-GŸG
ability
abinitio
abnormal
abolition
aboriginal
Above cited
above mentioned
abridge
abridgement
ºWôm-fP.ü
fôG-¤-ZÛh-mÅü ºGô-Çeôh-mÅüuÛ¼-zbP-¤Ûm-qü
1ü ¯-Gbô¼ü ÇoÝz-qü2ü ±ï-G»ôG-¾¤-¾ÞGÅ-¯-
ÇoÝzüÅ-BïÅ-lô-BïÅ- Û̂ü Ghôh-¤ºÛü
GôP-Çô̈Åü
GôP-Gžü GôP-ºDôhü1ü zÇkÝÅ-qü2ü ljÛP-zÇkÝÅ-z ô̧-zü
ljÛP-qô¼-zÇkÝ-±ß¾ü
Administration 4 º²Ûm-BôP-ümÝÅ-q-hP.ü V-ºWôG-¿e-zÞ-¤ïh-q-z ô̧-±ß¾üº²Ûm-z Þ̧P-P¤-FÛ¤Å-GbàGÅ-¾Å-G»ô¾-fzÅ-‚ïh-¤Dm-HÛ-mG-Tm-qü1ü GmÅ-hï¼-¤ïh-qºÛ-GmÅ-Ç+zÅ-Ť-
¼P-zŸÛmü2ü ¤Û-Pô-hPôÅ-ÅÞ-Pô-zT¼-¤-fÞz-qü1ü ¼P-GÛ-¾Å-;-‚ïh-ż-¤-ÇÀïzÅ-
qºÛ-GP-¸G2ü ¼P-GÛ-Çkôh-GmÅ-ÅÞ-¤ïh-qºÛ-Bï-zôüMãm-Gbm-mÅ-¾Å-zT¼-¤Û-‚ïh-qºÛ-¼P-GÁÛÅü1ü ¿eôÅ-¤ïh- Û̂-Eh-VôÅ-Ť-Pô-zô-
»ôPÅ-ÅÞ-µôGÅ-qü2ü zÆïÅ-¿Ëh-¤ïh-qü1ü mG-ZïÅ-Ť-ZïÅ-Bôm-¤ïh-qºÛ-
zTh-F-OôG-qü2ü ¾Å-ºGm-¾Å-GÝ-»PÅ-GbôP-zü1ü Vß-¿e-zÞ-mP-hÝ-ÅÛ¤-qºÛ-‚-GŸG-
G¤-zMãh-¼Û¤ü2ü h¤ÛGÅ-q-¾- ï̄-GTÛG-bà-GmÅ-qºÛ-
Åï¤Å- Û̂-GmÅ-Ç+zÅü
abrogation
absconder
absence
absentee
absenteeism
absolute
absolve
absorption
Û̄Å-¤ïh-z¸ô-±ß¾ü
Gz-‚ô¾-zü
1ü ¤ïh-qü2ü ±ôGÅ-Vhü Pô-Vhü
1ü ±ôGÅ-Vh-qü2ü Çkôh-GmÅ-ÅÞ-¤ïh-qºÛ-
GP-̧ G¾Å-‚ô¾ü ¾Å-G»ô¾ü
1ü ¿eôÅ-¤ïhü V-±P-zü2ü ¿Ëh-¤ïhü
1ü h;¼-ºhôm-‚ïh-qü2ü ºGm-¾Å-Iô¾-zü
1ü ÅÛ¤-qü ºfÛ¤-qü2ü ljô¤Å-ºWâG
5Administration º²Ûm-BôP-ü1ü Gmh-hôm-G¾-ºGPÅ-Vï-z-
n¤Å-zÇkÝÅ-qºÛ-zXôh-qü2ü ¼P-¤±m-HÛ-¿kôG-¹-Çeïü ‚-
hPôÅ-GP-»P-¼ÞP-zºÛ-dôG-zbGÅ-®¤-HÛ-Pô-zô-hP-Eh-VôÅü
Gmh-hôm-GTïÅ-zbàÅ-‚ïh-qôº¤-ljÛP-zÇkÝÅ-ºGôh-¤Dmü1ü ¼ÛGÅ-qº¤-Mã-¤±m-»P-hG-
hP-¤Û-¤fÞm-qü2ü n¤-hrôh-h¤-z¸P-qôºÛ-ÁïÅ-
¼z-hP-»ôPÅ-ÅÞ-hzïm-qü
hGôÅ-PïÅ-¾Å-¿ËG-qºÛ-IPÅ-ºzô¼-¼¤-¤Dô-vôhü1ü hzP-V-¿e-zÞ-±ß¾-¤fÞm-¤Ûm-
qº¤-¾ôG-q¼-uôh-qü2ü h¤º-ºzïzÅ-Ť-¤fôP-VßP-
GÛÅ-±ÛG-Pm-zXôh-qüÇÀôz-IÔ-hP.ü ¤fô-ÇÀôzü G®ßG-¾G-ÇÀôz-DP-Åô-ÅôºÛ-ÁïÅ-»ôm-m¤-hï-hG-hP-ºƒï¾-zºÛü1ü G®ßG-¾G-ÇÀôz-DP-GÛ-ÁïÅ-¿km-
¤Û-Çoü
abstract
abstractor
absurd
abundance
abuse
academic
academician
1ü ljÛP-hômü2ü uÛ-¤±mü
ljÛP-hôm-ÇkÝh-qôü
1ü Mã-¤±m-hP-¤Û-¤fÞm-qºÛüDÞPÅ-¾ÞP-¤ïh-qºÛü
2ü n¤-hrôh- Û̂Å-hzïm-qüVô-¤ïhü
ºzï¾-qôü ºzï¾-¿ËàG-¿ËàG
1ü ¾ôG-q¼-uôh-qü2ü h¤º-ºzïzÅ-qü
ÁïÅ-»ôm-HÛü G®ßG-¾G-GÛ
1ü G®ßG-¾G-¼z-º‚¤Å-qü2ü G®ßG-¾G-ÇÀôz-hqômü
Administration 6 º²Ûm-BôP-ü2ü ¤fô-ÇÀôz-z¤-G®ßG-¾G-ÇÀôz-GZï¼-
DP-hÝ-ÁïÅ-»ôm-‚-z-Çtï¾-¤Dmü¤fô-ÇÀôz-z¤-G®ßG-¾G-ÇÀôz-DP-GÛ-ÇÀôz-±m-hP-ÇÀôz-¢ôP.ü¼ÛG-GmÅ-‚ï-ƒG-q-GTÛG-G¤-hÝ-¤-ÇÀôz-¢ôP-‚ïh-źÛ-ÇÀôz-GZï¼-DP.ü1ü GŸm-HÛ-ºhôh-qº¤-zŤ-±ß¾-¾-
Pô-ÆâP-‚ïh-qü2ü ¾Å-;ºÛ-ºGm-ºDÞ¼-„ÀPÅ-qü3ü ¤ôÅ-¤fÞm-Mz-Bô¼-‚ïh-qü1ü Wï-¤HôGÅ-Wï-¤HôGÅ-ÅÞ-ºIô-zºÛ-Vü2ü ¥ã¼-±h-Çtô¼-zºÛ-‚-GŸG
1ü PôÅ-¾ïm-‚ïh-qü2ü ¢Ûm-qºÛ-hPôÅ-qô-GP-ŸÛG-hGº-
qôºÛ-PP-¾ïm-qü3ü ¤ôÅ-¤fÞm-‚ïh-qüºhôh-„Àô-DïPÅ-qº¤-PôÅ-¾ïm-‚ïh-¼ÞP-zºÛ-Eh-VôÅüPôÅ-¾ïm-‚-ºôÅ-qºÛü1ü ‚-z-GP-ŸÛG-¾-¤ôÅ-¤fÞm-‚ïh-qü2ü Gô-GmÅ-hP.fôz-fP-Gż-q-
academics
academy
accede
acceleration
accept
acceptability
acceptable
accession
G®ßG-¾G-ÇÀôz-±mü
G®ßG-¾G-ÇÀôz-DP.ü
1ü ºhôh-Çeàm-‚ïh-qü2ü ºGm-GmÅ-¾ïm-qü3ü ¤ôÅ-¤fÞm-‚ïh-qü
1ü ¥ã¼-±h-ºw¼-Vü2ü ¥ã¼-±h-Çoôm-ÇePÅü
1ü DÅ-¾ïm-qü2ü hP-hÝ-¾ïm-qü3ü ¤ôÅ-¤fÞm-‚ïh-qü
DÅ-¾ïm-ºôÅ-qºÛ-¼P-zŸÛmü
DÅ-¾ïm-¼ÞP-zºÛü1ü ¤ôÅ-¤fÞmü2ü Gô-ż-ºDôh-qü
7Administration º²Ûm-BôP-üºfôz-fzÅü3ü hqï-¤²ôh-¿e-zÞºÛ-¤-hïz-mP-hïz-
ºGôh-‚ïh-qü1ü ¾Å-hôm-hï¼-hPôÅ-ÅÞ-¤Z¤-
ŸÝGÅ-¤ïh-ˆP-ü ¤Û-GŸm-ŸÛG-¾-FÛ¤Å-ºG¾-HÛ-‚-z-z¯¤-Mã¼-¼ôGÅ-‚ïh-¤Dmü
2ü ºyâ¾-VÅ-ÅôGÅ- Û̂-Ÿô¼-GbôGÅ-V-ÁÅü
1ü ©Å-Bôm-m¤-ºVÛ-Aïm-º‚ãP-GŸÛºÛ-VG-ÇKôü
2ü Mã-Aïm-D-Gž-¤Û-¿km-mºP-¼P-zŸÛm-ÇezÅ-¾ïGÅ- Û̂Å-‚ãP-zü
¼ï-ºhÝm-hP-;Ým-ÇÀôP-¤ïh-q¼-‚ãP-zºÛü1ü hGôÅ-hôm-Gż-q-ŸÛG-¾-¼m-
qºÛ-ºHã¼-z-GbôP-zü2ü hGôÅ-¤Dô-¿e¼-¤Dô-ºhôm-‚ïh-qü3ü GmÅ-DP-¢Ûm-qü1ü ºôÅ-ÁÛP-º±¤Å-q¼-z ô̧-zü2ü ¤P-±ôGÅ- Û̂-¤fÞm-Aïm-ÇÀh-hÝ-
¢¼-zºÛ-GmÅ-DP.ü3ü zŤ-±ß¾-¤Û-¤fÞm-q-n¤Å-
ºIÛGÅ-ºWGÅ-‚ïh-qü
accessory
accident
accidental
accommodate
accommodation
3ü hïz-ºGôhü
1ü ‚-Pm-¤fÞm-IôGÅü2ü Þ̧¼-Çoôm-V-¾G
1ü Aïm-VG2ü ÇeïÅ-hzP.ü
ÇeïÅ-hzP-GÛ
1ü GÝ-ÁP-‚ïh-qü2ü hGôÅ-¤Dô-¢ô¼-zü3ü Çkôh-DP-vôh-qü
1ü GÝ-ÁP.ü2ü Çkôh-DP.ü3ü ºhݤ-qü
Administration 8 º²Ûm-BôP-ü¼ô¾-¤ôºÛ-¼¤-Bô¼-‚ïh-¤Dm-HÛ-GP-¸G1ü ¾Å-hôm-GP-ŸÛG-¾-¢PÅ-¯¾-
wÞ¾-hÝ-‚ãP-zºÛü2ü ¾Å-hôm-GP-ŸÛG-¾ïGÅ-q¼-
zOæzÅ-qº¤-¤WâG-Bï¾-‚Å-qºÛü1ü zŤ-±ß¾-¤fÞm-qü2ü ¾ÞGÅ-¤fÞm-HÛ-ÇKô-mÅ-IôÅ-¤fÞm-
ºWôG-±ß¾ü3ü ¼P-hzP-G®P-¤ºÛ-zhG-qôº¤-M¾-
Dz-wm-±ßm-IôÅ-¤fÞm-»ÛG-Vü1ü hï-hP-zÇeàm-bïü2ü GmP-z-vôh-qºÛ-‚-GŸG3ü Bï-zô-wm-±ßm-hz¼-HÛ-zŤ-±ß¾-
GTÛG-bà-¤fÞm-qü¾Å-hôm-GP-ŸÛG-GŸm-hP-ÇKô-zÇeàm-‚Å-bïü1ü ‚-uôh-h¤-hôm-Aïm-‚ï-ƒG-qºÛ-
hGôÅ-hôm-ºIï¾-zXôhü2ü hPÞ¾-ºw¼-vôh-±ß¼-¾ïm-hP.ü
‚ãP-ÅôP-GÛ- Û̄Å-fôüGbôP-»ôP- Û̄Å-FºÛ-hïzü1ü GŸÛ-GP-»P-¼ÞP-zºÛ-Mã-¤±m-m¤-
Gž-zÁhü2ü Mã-¤±m-ºGôh-qü
accompanist
accomplished
accord
accordance
accordingly
account
account book
account for
(¼ô¾-¤ôºÛ-)¼¤-ºhïGÅ-qü1ü ‚P-Vßz-qºÛü2ü hrÛÅ-xÛm-qºÛü
1ü „Àô-D-¤fÞm-qü2ü VÛPÅ-»ÛG-ºWôG-ÇePÅü3ü VÛPÅ-»ÛG
1ü ¤fÞm-qü2ü GmP-±ß¾ü3ü ¤-IôÅ-zŤ-q-GTÛG-
¤fÞmühï-hP-zÇeàm-bïü GŸÛ¼-z Þ̧P-Çeïü1ü Mã-¤±m-ºIï¾-zXôhü2ü Û̄Å-Fü
Û̄Å-hïzü1ü hïºÛ-Mã-¤±mü hïºÛ-Gž-
zÁhü2ü Mã-¤±m-ºiïm-qü
9Administration º²Ûm-BôP-üBï-zôº¤-¾Å-hôm-GP-ŸÛG-¾-zzÅ-qºÛ-ºGm-DÞ¼ü1ü Mã-¤±m-Gž-zÁh- Û̂-ºGm-
DÞ¼-»ôh-qºÛü2ü ¾Å-hôm-GP-ŸÛG-Vïh-Gž-
zÁh-‚-¼ÞP-zºÛüÛ̄Å-qºÛ-¾Å-;-Çeïü Û̄Å-F-Z¼-ºWôG-hP-ŸÛz-ºWâG-GÛ-¾Å-hômüÛ̄Å-F-Z¼-ºWôG-¾Å-hôm-HÛ-Vïh-¾Å-qüHôm-q-hP-Gô-¤±ôm-¾Å-GŸm-qºÛ-h¤G-¤ÛºÛ-»ô-VÅüD-Çoôm-m¤-M-zBïh-¾-zdïm-mÅ-‚ãP-zºÛ-Mã-hPôÅ-ºwï¾-Bïhü1ü GÅôG-ºWôG-GÛ-‚-GŸG-G¤-
zMãh-¼Û¤ü2ü Mã-hPôÅ-¿e-zÞ-ºwï¾-Bïh-h¤-
GÅôG-ºWôG-‚ïh-qü1ü ¼P-‚ãP-fôm-Bïh-h¤-ºƒÅ-zÞ-¿e-
zÞ¼-º‚ãP-zü2ü ¼P-zŸÛm-ºwï¾-z-¿e-zÞ¼-º‚ãP-zü1ü ÇtäPÅ-GÅôG-‚ïh-±ß¾ü
accountability
accountable
accountancy
accountant
accoutrements
accretion
accrual
accrue
accumulation
¾ï-fôGÅü ºGm-ºFÛü
1ü ºGm-ºFÛ-»ôh-qºÛü2ü ºIï¾-¼ÞP.zºÛü
Û̄Å-qºÛ-¾Å-¼ÛGÅü
Û̄Å-qü
(h¤G-¤ÛºÛ-)»ô-VÅ-h ã̂Å-¤ü
ºwï¾-Bïhü
1ü GÅôG-±ß¾ü2ü ºwï¾-Bïhü
1ü ¼P-zŸÛm-HÛÅ-º‚ãP-zü2ü ¼P-zŸÛm-HÛÅ-ºwï¾-zü
1ü GÅôG-ºWôG
Administration 10 º²Ûm-BôP-ü2ü IPÅ-ºzô¼-Wï-Vï¼-ºwï¾-zºÛ-zMãh-
¼Û¤ü1ü Bôm-hP-mô¼-ºFâ¾-¤ïh-qºÛ-¼P-zŸÛmü2ü ±h-bG-bG-G¤-WÛ-¤-WÛ-zŸÛm-»Ûm-
qºÛ-¼P-zŸÛmü1ü hPôÅ-GmÅ-hP-»ôPÅ-ÅÞ-¤fÞm-qºÛü2ü Bôm-hP-mô¼-ºFâ¾-¤ïh-qºÛüVïÅ-ºxãG-q-¤ïh-q¼ü1ü GP-¸G-TÛG-¾-mG-ZïÅ-»ôh-q¼-
zXôh-qºÛ-¾ÞGÅ-¤fÞm-HÛ-Bôm-º²âGÅü
2ü Bï-zô-GP-ŸÛG-FÛ¤Å-ºG¾-¾¤-mG-Tm-»Ûm-q¼-zXôh-±ß¾ü
1ü mG-ZïÅ-»ôh-qºÛ-Bôm-º²âGÅ-‚ïh-qü2ü GŸm-¾-DG-h=Û-‚ïh-qüFÛ¤Å-ºG¾-mG-º²âGÅ-‚ïh-źÛ-GP-¸G-GTÛG-G¤-hÝ-¤üºzh-z ô̄m-HÛÅ-fôz-qü¾Å-hôm-GP-ŸÛG-¾ïGÅ-q¼-Åôm-qºÛ-ºƒÅ-zÞüIâz-ºƒÅ-¾ïGÅ-qô-fôz-qºÛ-GP-¸G
accuracy
accurate
accurately
accusation
accuse
accused
achieve
achievement
achiever
ÇtäPÅ-GÅôG2ü ºwï¾-±ß¾ü1ü ºFâ¾-ƒ¾ü2ü bG-bG
1ü bG-bG2ü ºxãGÅ-¤ïhü¤-ºxãG-q¼ü1ü mG-ZïÅ-Bôm-º²âGÅü2ü Bôm-º²âGÅü
1ü mG-ZïÅ-º²âGÅ-qü2ü Bôm-º²âGÅ-qümG-ZïÅ-º²âGÅ-»Þ¾ü
Åôm-qü fôz-qüIâz-ºƒÅü
‚Å-XïÅ-Tmü ½‰ïh-q-Tmü
11Administration º²Ûm-BôP-ü1ü »ôh-qº¤-hPôÅ-qôºÛ-GmÅ-
¾ÞGÅ-Ť-zhïm-q-»Ûm-q-DÅ-¾ïm-‚ïh-qü
2ü »Û-Gï-¿e-zÞ-GP-ŸÛG-GÛ-º‚ô¼-¾m-vôh-qü
3ü z;º-iÛm-zŤ-ÁïÅ-Ť-fÞGÅ-Xï-¾ïGÅ-GÅô¾-zXôh-qü
1ü ¾Å-hôm-GP-»P-zOæzÅ-q¼-»-¾m-m¤-¾m-ºhïzÅü
2ü z;º-iÛm-zŤ-ÁïÅ-Ť-XïÅ-ÅÞ-»Û-¼P-GÛ-fÞGÅ-Xï-¾ïGÅ-GÅô¾-ŸÝ-zºÛ-n¤-qü
3ü ¾Å-hôm-ŸÛG-zOæzÅ-q¼-z;º-iÛm-Vï-ŸïÅ-¤±ôm-qºÛ-»-¾mü
1ü ¼P-GÛÅ-Pô-ÁïÅ-qºÛ-¤Ûü2ü Bï-zôº¤-hPôÅ-qô-GP-ŸÛG-Ç+ô¼-
HÛ-ÁïÅ-dôGÅü1ü ¼P-GÛÅ-ºzh-z ô̄m-‚Å-mÅ-
fôz-qü2ü Z¤Å-¥ôP-GÛ-¾¤-mÅ-‚ãP-zü1ü ºfôz-q¼-‚ïh-qºÛ-‚-GŸG2ü fôz-qº¤-‚ãP-zºÛ-hPôÅ-qôü1ü ZïÅ-Bôm-z®ßGÅ-q-¾Å-Oô¾-zü2ü ¾Å-ºGm-mÅ-zÁô¾-zü3ü FÛ¤Å-ºG¾-mG-ZïÅ-Tm-¤Ûm-
acknowledge
acknowledgement
acquaintance
acquire
acquisition
acquit
1ü DÅ-¾ïm-qü2ü º‚ô¼-¾m-vôh-qü3ü fÞGÅ-Xï-¾ïGÅ-GÅô¾-ŸÝ-zü
1ü DÅ-¾ïmü2ü º‚ô¼-¾mü ¾m-Gžü3ü fÞGÅ-Xï-¾ïGÅ-GÅô¾ü
1ü Pô-ÁïÅü2ü MãÅ-¤Pºü
1ü Oæz-qü2ü ¥ôP-zÅ-Iâz-qü
1ü fôz-±ß¾ü2ü fôz-qü1ü Bôm-º²âGÅ-¾Å-Oô¾-zü2ü ¾Å-ºGm-¾Å-Oô¾-zü3ü ZïÅ-¤ïh-zTh-F-OôG-qü
Administration 12 º²Ûm-BôP-üqºÛ-zTh-F-OôG-qü
1ü mG-ZïÅ-º²âGÅ-»Þ¾-hï¼-ZïÅ-º²âGÅ-‚Å-q-¿e¼-HÛ-ZïÅ-q-¤ïh-qºÛ-fG-GTôhü
2ü Bï-zô-GP-ŸÛG-mG-Tm-¤Ûm-q-¼-ºyôh-‚ãP-±ß¾ü
IôÅ-±ôGÅ- Û̂Å-Gbm-¾-wz-qºÛ-FÛ¤Åüºy¾-Åï¾-¼ÛP-GŸm-HÛ-¾Å-±z-‚ïh-qôüOÛG-FÛ¤Å-¯-º²Ûm-HÛÅ-ZïÅ-ºGï¾-¾G-zÇe¼-‚ïh-±ß¾üFÛ¤Å-GTôh-‚-MãºÛ-GŸÛ-¯-»ôh-qºÛü
¾Å-;¼-Èà¼-z ô̄m-hP-IâP-Á-hôh-qôüÈà¼-z ô̄m-hP-IâP-Á-hôh-qôºÛ-ÇKô-mÅü
‚ïh-ÇKô-‚ï-ƒG-q-GP-»P-¼ÞP-zümÝÅ-q-¿km-qº¤-ÆÛh-q-®¤-¤Ûm-q¼-h-¿eºÛ-Ç+zÅ-hPôÅ-ÅÞ-»ôh-qüZïm-ÆâP-¤-ºWôG-GÛ-»-Zïm-hP-¹-hÝÅ-vôh-ºzz- Û̄Å-MG-‚ïh-¤Dmü
acquittal
act
acting
action
actionable
active
actively
activity
actual
actuary
1ü ZïÅ-¤ïh-zTh-Fü2ü ZïÅ-Iô¾ü
zTÅ-FÛ¤Åü¾Å-±zü(FÛ¤Å-GTôhü)¾G-zÇe¼ü
(FÛ¤Å-GTôhü)¾G-zÇe¼-ºôÅ-qºÛüOÛ¤-qôü Èà¼-qôüÈà¼-qôºÛ-ÇKô-mÅü OÛ¤-qôºÛ-ÇKô-mÅü‚-GŸG ‚ïh-ÇKôühPôÅü hôm-hPôÅü
ºGm-ÆâP-¤-ºWôG- Û̄Å-qü
13Administration º²Ûm-BôP-üGmh-hôm-‚ï-ƒG-q-GTÛG-hP-ºƒï¾-zº¤-hïºÛ-ÇÀh-hÝü‚-hPôÅ-GP-ŸÛG-¤fº-¤ïh-qº¤-¤Þ-¤fº-¤ïh-qüz¼-¤ºÛ-hÝÅ-»Þm-Vïh-hÝüF¾-zMzÅ- Û̧m-qºÛ-hPôÅ- ô̧G-GÛ-±ôh-hqG-¼Ûm-fP-hP-hô-¤Z¤-qüGô¤Å-ºiÛÅ-fÞz-qºÛ-mÝÅ-q-hP-¿km-qüq¼-ºIï¤Å-‚Å-qºÛ-hqï-hïz-ÅôGÅ-Û̂-D-Çoôm-»ÛG-VühPôÅ-qô-GP-ŸÛG-GbôP-źÛ-»Þ¾üD-‚P-¼P-ºGݾ-q¼-ºhïzÅ-‚ïh-qºÛ-ºyâ¾-ºDô¼-ŸÛGhGôÅ-¤Dô-Ç+ôP-fÞz-PïÅ-Ť-ºhP-PïÅüÆÛh-hôm-±ôGÅ-qº¤ü ¯-hôm-m¤üVôÅ-¾ÞGÅ-¿e-zÞ¼-D-Ÿï-GZÛÅ-¤ïh-Û̂-Mz-Bô¼ühPôÅ-qô-wm-±ßm-¤Z¤-hÝ-¢ô¼-‚ïh-
ad hoc
ad infinitum
ad interim
ad valorem
adaptable
addendum
addressee
addressograph
adequate
adherence
adhesive
Vïh-º²âGÅü
¤fº-»Å-q¼ü
z¼-zL¾ü¼Ûm-fP-¾-zÇ+ô¼-zºÛü
ºyôh-ºiÛÅ-fÞz-qºÛü
D-Çoômü D-Ç+ôP.ü
GbôP-»Þ¾üD-‚P-ºyâ¾-ºDô¼ü
ºhP-PïÅü
zTôÅ-¤Ûm-Mz-Bô¼ü zTôÅ-¤Ûm-XïÅ-ºƒP.ü
º‚¼-±Ûü
Administration 14 º²Ûm-BôP-üÛ̂-º‚¼-zG-Tm-HÛ-µÅü1ü GŸÛ-GP-ŸÛG-hP-Zï-¾ôGÅ-hï-¤-fG-
qºÛü2ü Þ̧¼-¼¤-¤fº-¤±¤Å-fÞm-¤ôP-
Tmü1ü GŸÛ-GP-ŸÛG-hP-Zï-z¼-ºƒï¾-zü2ü GŸÛ-GŸm-ŸÛG-hP-Zï-z¼-GmÅ-qü1ü ±ôGÅ-fïPÅ-¤±¤Å-ºWôG-‚ïh-qü2ü ºhÝ-º²ô¤Å-Ť-±ôGÅ-ºhÝ-z¼-
¤±¤Å-ºWôG-qü3ü ±ôGÅ-ºhݺÛ-¾Å-¼Û¤-hÝÅ-±ôh-
GŸm-ŸÛG-z¼-w¼-ºHPÅ-‚ïh-qü1ü ±ôGÅ-ºhÝ-z¼-¤±¤Å-ºWôG-qü2ü hÝÅ-±ôh-GŸm-ŸÛG-z¼-xÛ¼-ºHPÅü1ü FÛ¤Å-¾ÞGÅ- Û̂-fôG-mÅ-fG-GTôh-
‚ïh-qü2ü FÛ¤Å-fôG-mÅ-ZïÅ-Vh-GbôP-züD-¤Vß-GbàG-zÁï¼-Ç+zÅ-FÛ¤Å-hqôm-HÛ-Pô-zô¼-zŸÝGÅ-bï-Gmh-hôm-hrh-ŸÛz-‚ïh-qüô̄h-½‰ôG-hP-D-¤Vß-¿e-zÞºÛ-Gmh-hôm-Zm-ŸÛz- Û̂Å-fG-GTôh-‚ïh-¤Dm-HÛ-GP-¸G
adjacent
adjoin
adjourn
adjournment
adjudge
adjudicate
adjudicator
1ü Zï-ºFÛÅü2ü ¤fº-£ï¾-HÛü
1ü £ï¾-zü2ü ºhzÅ-ºƒï¾-hÝ-GmÅ-qü1ü ¤±¤Å-ºWôG-‚ïh-qü2ü z¼-GÅïP-ºWôG-qü3ü xÛ¼-zÁô¾-‚ïh-qü
1ü ±ôGÅ-ºhÝ-¤±¤Å-ºWôG2ü xÛ¼-zÁô¾ü1ü FÛ¤Å-fG-GTôh-qü2ü ZïÅ-Vh-GbôP-zü
Zm-ŸÛzü
zTh-F-GbôP-¤DmüŸ¾-¿Uï-zü
15Administration º²Ûm-BôP-ü1ü ‚-hPôÅ-GP-ŸÛG-±h-GŸÛ-bG-
bG-G¤-¼m-qô-»ôP-Vïh-ÇePÅ-º²Ûm-‚ïh-qü
2ü ¼P-ZÛh-GmÅ-ÇePÅ-Gż-qº¤-¤Û-ºi-z-ŸÛG-¾-ºiÛÅ-Gô¤Å-‚ïh-qü
1ü ‚-hPôÅ-GP-ŸÛG-¼m-º±¤Å-z¸ô-±ß¾-¾¤-VGÅ-±ß¾ü
2ü Hôm-VÅ- Û̂-V-±h-¿e-zÞ-zNå¼-zTôÅ-zbP-Çeï-¤Û-ºi-z-z ô̧-±ß¾ü
Zïm-ÆâP-¤-ºWôG-GÛ-GÝm-GÅz-fôz-VºÛ-fG-GTôh-Gmh-ÇÛ̈m-»ôP-Vïh-ŸÛz-ºWâG-hP-ºV¼-ºzÞ¾-‚ïh-¤Ûüh¤G-hqôm-ŸÛG-¾-º²Ûm-BôP-¾Å-hôm-fh-xG-¼ôGÅ-GmP-¤Dm-HÛ-¾Å-‚ïh-q-ŸÛGº²Ûm-BôP-z;ôh-OÛG-GÛ-¾Å-GmÅ-Oæz-qü1ü º²Ûm-BôP-z;ôh-OÛG-GÛ-‚-GŸG2ü GŸÝP-GÛ-¾Å-‚ïh- Û̂Å-¤P-
±ôGÅ- Û̂-¾Å-hôm-z;ôh-‚ãÅ-‚ïh-ÇePÅü
º²Ûm-BôP-hP-ºƒï¾-zº¤-º²Ûm-BôP-
adjust
adjustment
adjustor
adjutant
administer
administration
administrative
1ü ljô¤-OÛG-‚ïh-qü2ü ºiÛÅ-Gô¤Å-‚ïh-qü
1ü ljô¤-OÛG2ü zTôÅ-OÛG
ljô¤-OÛG-qü
h¤G-hqôm-HÛ-º²Ûm-BôP-¾Å-¼ôGÅü
º²Ûm-BôP-‚ïh-qü
º²Ûm-BôP.ü
º²Ûm-BôP-GÛ
Administration 16 º²Ûm-BôP-üGÛ-¾Å-ºGm-»ôh-qºÛüDÅ-¾ïm-hÝ-¼ÞP-zºÛ-Mã-¤±m-HÛÅ-PôÅ-¾ïm-fÞz-qºÛ-¼P-zŸÛmü1ü DÅ-¾ïm-‚-¼ÞP-zºÛü2ü º²â¾-ŸÝGÅ- Û̂-Eh-VôÅ-±P-zºÛüÇÀôz-IÔ-¿e-zÞ-ŸÛG-¾-º²â¾-ŸÝGÅ-‚-MãºÛ-Vïh-vôh-hGôÅ-qºÛ-»ômü1ü hPôÅ-»ôh-GmÅ-±ß¾-¾¤-zhïm-q¼-
PôÅ-¾ïm-‚ïh-qü2ü mP-hÝ-º²â¾-ŸÝGÅ-‚-MãºÛ-GmP-z-
vôh-qü3ü Çkï-±m-m¤-±ôGÅ-I¾-GP-¼ÞP-hÝ-
ŸÝGÅ-MãºÛ-Gô-Ç+zÅ-vôh-qüBï-zô-GP-ŸÛG-¾-¾Å-hôm-GP-¼ÞP-mP-º²â¾-ŸÝGÅ-‚ïh-hÝ-ºWâG-qºÛ-‚-GŸG1ü Bï-zô-GP-ŸÛG-GÛ-;Ým-uôh-ºEï¼-
±ß¾-fh-¾-ÇÀôz-Çeôm-GmP-zü2ü OÛG-ºG¾-‚ïh-¤Û-¿e-zÞºÛ-GP-¸G-
TÛG-¾-iG-mm-Vï-zºÛ-Zïm-zl-GbôP-zü
º‚ãP-Zï-zºÛ-Zïm-±zÅ-GP-ŸÛG-¾-hôGÅ- ô̧m-‚ïh-hGôÅ-qºÛ-zÇÀz-‚-Zïm-zlºÛ-ÇÀôz-Çeômü
admissibility
admissible
admissioncharge
admit
admittance
admonish
admonition
PôÅ-¾ïm-fÞz-qºÛ-¼P-zŸÛmü
1ü DÅ-¾ïm-ºôÅ-qºÛü2ü º²â¾-ŸÝGÅ-¼ÞP-zºÛüŸÝGÅ-hôhü
1ü DÅ-¾ïm-qü2ü ŸÝGÅ-ÅÞ-ºWâG-qü3ü Çkï-I¾-hÝ-ºWâG-qü
ŸÝGÅ-ºfÞÅü
1ü „ÀP-hô¼-¾¤-Çeôm-qü2ü D-b-Ç+ݾ-¿UG-‚ïh-qü
D-b-Ç+ݾ-¿UG
17Administration º²Ûm-BôP-ü1ü m-±ôh-¤-¾ôPÅ-qºÛ-GmÅ-
Ç+zÅü2ü m-GŸôm-(¾ô-13mÅ-19z¼ü)3ü ¾P-±ô-h¼-zŸÛm-q-mÅ-m¼-Åôm-
z¼-HÛ-º±¼-¾ôP-º‚ãP-zŸÛm-qºÛ-GmÅ-Ç+zÅü
1ü FÛ¤Å-¤fÞm-HÛ-ÇKô-mÅ-GŸm-HÛ-yâ-GÝ-¼P-ZÛh- Û̂-mP-¤Û¼-Z¼-bï-GÅô-BôP-‚ïh-qü
2ü DÅ-¾ïm-‚-Mã¼-ºôÅ-ºwïm-qüGŸm-HÛ-yâ-GÝ-zÞ-±z-bà-Z¼-bï-GÅô-BôP-‚ïh-¤Dm-HÛ-GP-¸G1ü FÛ¤Å-¤fÞm-HÛ-¾ô-±h-¾ôPÅ-
qº¤-m-±ôh-ÇÛ̈m-qºÛ-Bï-zôü2ü ¾ô-zTô-zMh-h¤-Zï¼-GTÛG-¿e-
zÞ-¾ô-IPÅ-PïÅ-Tm-¾Å-ºhÅ-qºÛ-Bï-wô-¤ôü
ÇtäÅ-;-Ÿm-qº¤-hPôÅ-µÅ-GŸm-D-Çoôm-zHÛÅ-bï-Bôm-Tm-z ô̧-zº¤-zÆï-Bôm-GbôP-‚ïhühPôÅ-qô-ÇtäÅ-;-¾ïGÅ-q-¿e-zÞ-ŸÛG-¾-ÇtäÅ-;-Ÿm-qº¤-hPôÅ-µÅ-GŸm-zÆï-zü1ü Zï¼-¤DôºÛ-hPÞ¾-hPôÅ-TÛ-¼ÛGÅ-
1ü h¼-¾-¤-zz-qºÛü2ü GŸôm-mÝü3ü ¾P-±ô-h¼-Ç+zÅ- Û̂ü
1ü zÞ-±z-Z¼-zü2ü ¤ôÅ-ºhï¤Å-‚ïh-qü
zÞ-±z-Z¼-¤Dmü
1ü Lm-±h-¾ôPÅ-qüm¼-Åôm-qü
2ü h¼-¤ü
¿Ëhü
zÆïÅ-¿Ëhü
1ü ÇS-ºhôm-vôh-qü
adolescent
adopt
adopter
adult
adulterant
adultration
advance
Administration 18 º²Ûm-BôP-üÇS-Çoݼ-HÛÅ-ºhôm-GbôP-‚ïh-qü
2ü hPÞ¾-hPôÅ-TÛ-¼ÛGÅ-ÇSôm-±ßh-mÅ-vôh-qºÛ-‚-GŸG
‚-hPôÅ-Ť-‚-GŸG-GP-ŸÛG-mÅ-‚ãP-zºÛ-wm-ºƒÅü1ü D-Gbh-‚ïh-qºÛü2ü Bï-zô-GP-ŸÛG-GÛ-wm-zhﺤ-Dï-wm-
hP-ºG¾-¹¼-ÅôP-zºÛü¿e-z-¤Û-¤fÞm-qºÛ-ÆÛh-hôm-±ôGÅ-q-¿e-zÞ-D-Gbh-ÁôG-DG±ôP-ƒÛm-qô-»ôP-z-hP.ü ±ôP- ô̧G-GÛ-Eh-n¤-ºzÞ¼-ºfôm-ÇÀh-¤P-±ôGÅ-¾-iÛ¾-zOGÅ-‚ïh-qü±ôP-hôm-iÛ¾-zOGÅ-‚ïh-¤Dm-HÛ-GP-¸G¾¤-Çeôm-HÛ-D-b-ÇÀôz-GÅôüBï-zô-GP-ŸÛG-¾-D-b-ÇÀôz-GÅô-‚ïh-qüÇÀôz-Çeôm-±ôGÅ-VßP-¿e-zÞ-¾Å-hôm-GP-»P-¼ÞP-zºÛ-Vïh-¾¤-Çeôm-‚-MãºÛ-hzP-±h-Tmü¾¤-Çeôm-»ô-zÆP-‚-MãºÛ-ºGm-hzP-Tm-
advantage
adverse
adverse party
advertise
advertiser
advice
advise
advisory
advisory board
2ü ÇS-ºhômü
Dï-wmü hGï-¤±mü
1ü ¤Û-¤fÞm-qºÛü2ü ºG¾-¹ºÛü
¿kôG-xôGÅ- Û̂üxôGÅ-ºG¾-±ôGÅ-qü
Ez-zOGÅ-‚ïh-qü
Ez-zOGÅ-‚ïh-¤Dmü
zÇÀz-‚ü D-büzÇÀz-‚-MG-qüÇÀôz-Çeôm-ŸÝ-źÛü
ÇÀôz-Çeôm-¿Ëm-MÅü
19Administration º²Ûm-BôP-üHÛ-ºhÝÅ-±ôGÅü¾¤-Çeôm-HÛ-D-b-ÇÀôz-GÅô-‚ïh-¤Dm-HÛ-±ôGÅ-VßP.ü¾¤-Çeôm-HÛ-D-b-ÇÀôz-GÅô-‚ïh-¤Dm-HÛ-¿Ëm-±ôGÅüGmÅ-hôm-GP-ŸÛG-GÛ-Vïh-hÝ- ô̄h-¾ïm-m¤-ŸÝ-GbàG-‚ïh-±ß¾üFÛ¤Å-DP-mP-D-¤Vß-ŸÝ-GbàG-‚ïh-¤Dm-HÛ-FÛ¤Å- ô̄h-qüG Þ̧GÅ-¤fôP-z½‰m-ºyÛm-m¤-½ÀâP-ºyÛm-HÛ-G Þ̧GÅ-z½‰m-hP-OºÛ-zl-GbôP-¾ïm-‚-MãºÛ-ºyâ¾-ºDô¼-HÛ-¤-¾G-¿UGÅ-Ç+Ýh-¿e-zÞ-ÇeïP-hÝ-ºIïP-Mã-ŸÛGGm¤-Iâ-ºzz-Å-hP.ºwÞ¼-źÛ-¿eï-GmÅ-VßP-IÅüGm¤-Iâ-GbôP-¾Å-hP.ü z ô̧-¾Å-¼ÛG-qº¤-hï-hP-ºƒï¾-zºÛüm¤-¤D¼-ºwÞ¼-Bôh-‚ïh-qºÛ-»ô-VÅü‚-hPôÅ-GP-ŸÛG-¾-ÁÝGÅ-mÝÅ-fïzÅ-PïÅ- Û̂-±ô¼-z-iG-qôü
advisory committee
advisory council
advocacy
advocate
aerial
aerodrome
aeronautical
aeroplane
affect
ÇÀôz-Çeôm-±ôGÅ-VßP.ü
ÇÀôz-Çeôm-¿Ëm-±ôGÅü
ŸÝ-GbàG GbàG-zÁï¼ü
ŸÝ- ô̄h-qü
Gm¤-Ç+Ýhü
Gm¤-fP-VßP-zü
Gm¤-Iâ-z ô̧-GbôP-GÛ
Gm¤-IâÁÝGÅ-Aïmü
Administration 20 º²Ûm-BôP-ü»ÛG-fôG-z;ôh-qºÛ-Gmh-hôm-GP-ŸÛG-hPôÅ-zhïm-»Ûm-qºÛ-DÅ-¾ïm-h¤-zTºü±ôGÅ-q-Vï-z-ŸÛG-GÛ-DôPÅ-GbôGÅ-ÅÞ-ŸÝGÅ-qºÛ-Bï-zôº¤-OÛG-º²âGÅü1ü ÆÛh-hôm-±ôGÅ-qº¤-OÛG-º²âGÅ-
Vï-DG-bà-¿Ëm-ŸÝGÅ- Û̂-ºƒï¾-¾¤ü2ü ±ôGÅ-q-GP-ŸÛG-mP-¾ÞGÅ-¤fÞm-
HÛÅ-ºƒï¾-¾¤-¤¤-±ôGÅ-ŸÝGÅ-‚ïh-±ß¾ü
1ü GZïm-OÛG-¾-zdïm-mÅ-‚ãP-zºÛ-ºƒï¾-¾¤ü
2ü hPôÅ-qôº¤-Bï-zô-wm-±ßm-hz¼-HÛ-¿Ëm-BïÅ- Û̂-ºi-zºÛ-Eh-VôÅü
1ü Gmh-hôm-GP-ŸÛG-Gbm-¾-ºzïzÅ-qºÛ-‚-GŸG-G¤-Gbm-¾-ºzïz-±ß¾ü
2ü GP-ŸÛG-zhïm-q-»Ûm-¾ÞGÅ- Û̂-Gž-zOGÅü
1ü Gbm-¾-ºzïzÅ-qº¤-¤ôÅ-¤fÞm-‚ïh-qºÛü
2ü zŤ-„ÀôºÛ-ºEï¼-ÇePÅ-Ť-ÆÛh-‚ãÅ-GP-ŸÛG-¾-Mz-Bô¼-‚ïh-qºÛü
zÞh-¤ïh-h¤-IPÅ-ZÝP-±ôGÅ-Çkï-DG-GÛ-
affidavit
affiliate
affiliation
affinity
affirmation
affirmative
affirmativeaction
ºzº-»ÛG
ºƒï¾-DôPÅü
1ü ºƒï¾-DôPÅ-PôÅ-¾ïmü2ü ºƒï¾-DôPÅ-ÅÞ-ŸÝGÅ-qü
1ü GZïm-OÛG-ºƒï¾-zü2ü ¤±ßPÅ-VôÅü
1ü »Ûm-q¼-Oæz-qü2ü zhïm-±ß¾-Gž-zOGÅü
1ü »Ûm-q¼-Oæz-qºÛü2ü Mz-Bô¼-HÛü
¤ôÅ-¤fÞm-HÛü
Ǩm-qºÛ-‚-GŸG
21Administration º²Ûm-BôP-üDôPÅ-ÅÞ-GbôGÅ-q-n¤Å-¾-ÇÀôz-¢ôP-hP-¾Å-;ºÛ-Gô-Ç+zÅ-ÇS¼-¿ËG-»¼-MÅ-GbôP-MãºÛ-ºzh-z ô̄m-mm-qôühPôÅ-qô-GP-ŸÛG-wm-±ßm-OôG-q-hP-¤fÞh-qü »P-m-hïºÛ-ÇeïP-D-Çoôm-MG-qü1ü ‚-z-GP-ŸÛG-‚-M㺤-hPôÅ-qô-
GP-ŸÛG-Zô-Vïh-hÝ-hq¾-º‚ô¼-¤fÞm-Aïm-»ôh-qü
2ü „ÀôÅ-GbôP-wôh-qüÅ-ÇeôP-P¤-ŸÛP-Å-ÁÛP-mGÅ-ÅÞ-zNå¼-zü1ü ±ï-G»ôG-G¤-ƒm-G»ôG-¾¤-
¾ÞGÅ-¿e-zÞ-mÅ-¼P-hzP-¢Ûm-qü2ü ºôÅ-ÁôG-ºwP-MãºÛ-fôz-fP-vôh-qüÇSôm-hÝ-zXôh- Û̧m-qºÛ-Gmh-hôm-GP-»P-¼ÞP-züGż-hÝü »P-zB¼ü zB¼-hÝüZÛm-hGÝP-Vß-±ôh-zTß-GZÛÅ-»ô¾-zºÛ-XïÅ- Û̂ühÝÅ-GP-ŸÛG-GÛ-XïÅ-¾ü
affix
afford
afforestation
affranchise
aforesaid
afresh
afternoon
afterward
¤Z¤-¢¼ü Ám-¢¼ü
1ü ºIô-Iôm-GbôP-fÞz-qü2ü „ÀôÅ-GbôP-fÞz-qü
mGÅ-±¾-ºhïzÅ-º²âGÅü
1ü ¼P-hzP-¢Ûm-qü2ü ºôÅ-ºhï¤Å-fôz-fP-vôh-qü
ÇS¼-ǨôÅ-qºÛü
ÇÀ¼-»P.üxïh-»ô¾ü ZÛm-Mzü
xÛÅ-ÅÞü XïÅ-Åô¼ü
Administration 22 º²Ûm-BôP-üD-Gbh- Û̂-xôGÅ-ÅÞü¾ô-m-Lm-ºDôGÅ-hP.ü h¼-»ô¾-¾-h¤º-ºzïzÅ- Û̂-¿e-±ß¾ü±ôGÅ-ºhÝ-¿e-zÞ¼-IôÅ-zÇkݼ-Vïh-ºEï¼-MãºÛ-hôm-Gmh-DG1ü Bï-zô-GP-ŸÛG-GÛ-ºfÞÅ-¤Ûº¤-Pô-±z-
¤±ôm-q¼-‚ïh-qü2ü ÆÛh-GŸÝP-GÛ-GÅP-zºÛ-¾Å-hôm-HÛ-
¤Û-ºIôfôz-Gô-ź¤-¤±m-ljmü Mã-mô¼-ÅôGÅ-GôP-Çtï¾-hÝ-GbôP-zºÛ-‚-GŸG1ü GŸm-¾-zÅÞm-ÇoP-hP-Fô-z-ÇÀôP-z¼-
‚ïh-qºÛ-¤Û-ºfh-qºÛ-;Ým-uôhü2ü h;º-P¾-Wï-Vï¼-¼¤-mh-GŸÛ-Wï-
ÇkÝG-bà-GbôP-zºÛ-‚-GŸG1ü hPôÅ-qô-¤P-qô-GôP-zÞ¼-xôGÅ-qº¤-
ºhÝÅ-qü2ü IPÅ-ºzô¼-f¤Å-Th-GTÛG-bà-
zÇkïzÅ-qºÛ-Eôm-ºzô¼ü‚-hPôÅ-GP-ŸÛG-¤Z¤-hÝ-Çkïz-qºÛ-‚-GŸG1ü ¼P-ZÛh-¾-iP-zhïm-‚Å-¤-‚ãP-
against
ageism
agenda
agent
aggrandizement
aggravation
aggregate
aggregation
aggrieved
¿kôG-xôGÅ-ÅÞüm-±ôh-h‚ï-º‚ïhü
IôÅ-GŸÛü
1ü Pô-±zü2ü GÅP-zºÛ-¾Å-‚ïhü
¤Pº-fP-GôP-ºwï¾ü
1ü ç̄z-uôhü2ü Wï-ÇkÝG-bà-GbôP-±ß¾ü
1ü wÞP-qô¼-ºhÝ-zü2ü Eôm-zÇkô¤Åü
wÞP-GÅôG ¤Z¤-Çkïzü
1ü „Àô-w¤ü »Ûh-Vhü
23Administration º²Ûm-BôP-ülj¤-qºÛ-±ô¼-zü
2ü iP-zhïm-¤-»Ûm-qº¤-FÛ¤Å-ºG¾-HÛ-‚-GŸG-GÛÅ-Aïm-qºÛ-hô-wôG-‚ãP-zºÛ-ŸÝ-ºzôhü
1ü ½‰ôG- Û̧P-ÇÀôP-zºÛ-‚-GŸG-G¤-½‰ôG- Û̧P-GÛ-GmÅ-ÇePÅü
2ü ô̄h-GŸÛ¼-Hã¼-zºÛ-uÛ-±ôGÅ-Ť-Vz-ÆÛh- Û̂-Gmh-hôm-fh-¤P-±ôGÅ-¾-Ç+ݾ-ÇÀôP-‚ïh-fzÅü
uÛ-±ôGÅ-mP-ÆÛh-hôm-HÛ-½‰ôG-i-¿e-zÞ-z ô̧-¤Dm-HÛ-GP-¸GÅô-m¤-ŸÛP-¾Å-Ť-IôP-GÅïz- Û̂-Gmh-hôm-hP-ºƒï¾-zºÛüM¾-Dz-z¤-GP-¸G-wm-±ßm-Gmh-hôm-GP-¼ÞP-fôG-GZÛÅ-¤ôÅ- Û̂Å-zŸG-qºÛ-Gm-MüÅ-ŸÛP-ºhïzÅ-¾Å- Û̂-¾Å-;1ü GŸm-¾-¼ôGÅ-q-hP-Mz-Bô¼-
‚ïh-qü2ü ¼ôGÅ-¼¤-hP-Mz-Bô¼üGm¤-h¤G-GÛ-Gm¤-Iâ-ºzz-fP-hP.ü h¤G-ÇK¼-Í-¤ü
agitation
agitator
agrarian
agreement
agriculture
aid
air base
2ü GhÝP-zÅ-môm-qºÛü
1ü Û̧P-ÇÀôP.ü2ü Ç+ݾ-ÇÀôP.ü
Û̧P-ÇÀôP-‚ïh-qôüÛ̧P-ÇÀôP-¤DmüÅô-m¤-ŸÛP-¾Å- Û̂ü
IôÅ-¤fÞmü ¤fÞm-IôÅü
ŸÛP-¾Åü1ü ¼ôGÅ-Bô¼-‚ïh-qü2ü ¼ôGÅ-Bô¼ü
Gm¤-h¤G-¿eï-GmÅü
Administration 24 º²Ûm-BôP-üGm¤-Iâ-¾-zdïm-mÅ-h¤G-ºfz-‚ïh-qºÛ-hqÞP-ÇkïüGm¤-IâºÛ-mP-ºIâ¾-q¼-¤Iôm-zhG-GÛ-zÅÞ-z-ŸzÅ-bôG-Oæz-¤Dm-zÞh-¤ïhüGm¤-fôG-GbP-MãºÛ-£G-»ÛGm¤-¤D¼-ºwÞ¼-Bôh-fÞz-qºÛ-Iâ1ü Zïm-±zÅ-»ôh-q-ÁïÅ-dôGÅ-‚ãP-Aïm-
HÛÅ-JÀô-zÞ¼-hÝ-‚ãP-zºÛ-ºWÛGÅ-ÇoP.ü2ü Zïm-D-»ôP-GÛ-»ôh-qºÛ-zl-GbôP-züz Û̧-D-Tm-HÛ-zbàP-z-VP-hP-Í-¼G-GÛ-¼ÛGÅüIôP-Çkï-¿Ëm-±ôGÅ-GôP-¤ºÛ-±ôGÅ-¤Û-ŸÛG1ü hô-ÇoP-G¸z-mm-¤Þ-¤fÞh-vôh-qºÛ-‚-
¼Û¤ü2ü G¸z-mm-HÛÅ-ÇKô-mÅ-hô-ÇoP-vôh-qüBï-zô-GP-ŸÛG-GÛÅ-¼P-GÛ-hPôÅ-¤ÛP-GÛ-±z-bà-zïh-uh-qºÛ-¤ÛP-GŸm-ŸÛG1ü ¼P-ZÛh-GmÅ-Çkôh-‚-»Þ¾-hï-GºÛ-¤Û-
Åï¼-¤-»Ûm-qºÛ-Bï-zôü2ü »Þ¾-¾ÞP-GŸm-HÛü
air force
air hostess
air mail
aircraft
alarm
alcohol
alderman
alertness
alias
alien
Gm¤-h¤G ¤Dº-h¤G
Gm¤-ºIâ¾-Ÿ¾-b-¤ü
Gm¤-£GGm¤-Iâ1ü ºiôG-ºGô2ü Zïm-zl-GbôP-zü
VP-¼G
Lm-qôü1ü zG- ô̧mü2ü OÛ¤-qôü
¤ÛP-GŸmü
1ü »Þ¾-Çkôh-xÛ-¤Ûü2ü xÛ-M¾-HÛü
25Administration º²Ûm-BôP-üzhG-hzP-GŸm-¾-ºwô-¾ïm-‚-ºôÅ-qºÛü1ü Åï¤Å-ºVô¾-z-¿e-zÞºÛ-Åï¤Å-
º±ô-¤- Û̧m-qºÛ-GmÅ-Ç+zÅü2ü IôGÅ-ºiÛÅ-¤Û-‚ïh-q¼-¾ôGÅ-
ÅÞ-h‚ï-zºÛ-‚-GŸG1ü Çkï-DG-ÁôG-OÛ¾-¾¤-Gô-¼Û¤-
OÛG-ÇePÅü2ü ¿Ëà-¾G-ÅôGÅ-fh-;¼-OÛG-
ÇePÅü1ü Bï-zô-GP-ŸÛG-¾-z®ßGÅ-qºÛ-
¾ÞGÅ-¤fÞm-Bôm-º²âGÅü2ü zhïm-q-hG-Bï¾-‚-MãºÛ-I-
OÛG-»ôh-qºÛ-Gmh-hôm-ŸÛG-DÅ-¾ïm-qº¤-¤Û-¾ïm-qºÛ-zXôh-qü
1ü »Ûm-q¼-DÅ-ºVï-»P-DÞPÅ-Bï¾-¼-vôh-¤-fÞz-qºÛü
2ü Gmh-hôm-hôôGÅ-GŸÛ-TmüºzPÅ-¤Û-Åï¼-n¤Å- Û̂Å-Åô-ÅôºÛ-M¾-Dz-¾-zTPÅ-qºÛ-hGº-Ÿïm-hP-¾-Mü1ü wm-±ßm-¤fÞm-xô‡-zOÛ¾-qº¤-
xôGÅ-zOÛ¾-zºÛ-GmÅ-ÇePÅü
alienable
alienation
alignment
allegation
alleged
allegiance
alliance
zhG-hzP-ºwô-¾ïm-¼ÞP-zºÛü
1ü ¼ÛG-º±ô-¤- Û̧m-qüºxô-zü
2ü D-H¼-zü
1ü xôGÅ-OÛ¾ü2ü ljô¤-OÛG
1ü ZïÅ-º²âGÅü2ü ljôm-º²âGÅü
1ü zOGÅ-qºÛü2ü hôGÅ-GŸÛ-Tmü
Á-Ÿïmü
1ü xôGÅ-OÛ¾ü2ü ¤mº-ºƒï¾ü
Administration 26 º²Ûm-BôP-ü2ü h¤ÛGÅ-»Þ¾-‚ï-ƒG-q-ŸÛG-zOæz-
Vïh-¤Û-Çkﺤ-M¾-Dz-wm-±ßm-hz¼-¤Z¤-¤fÞm-‚-Mã¼-zŸG-qºÛ-¾ÞGÅ-¤fÞm-HÛ-¤fÞm-IôÅü
1ü ¤fÞm-±ôGÅ-ÅÞ-ŸÝGÅ-qº¤-xôGÅ-GbôGÅ-ÅÞ-£ï¾-zºÛü
2ü VÛPÅ-»ÛG-G¤-¤fÞm-IôÅ- Û̂Å-£ï¾-zºÛü
1ü hGôÅ-hôm-‚ï-ƒG-q-ŸÛG-GÛ-Vïh-hÝ-h¤ÛGÅ-bï-̧ Þ¼-ºWôG-‚Å-qºÛ-fôz-Vü
2ü V-zGôÅ-Ť-zGô-ºIï¤Å- Û̂-‚-GŸG
‚-hPôÅ-GP-ŸÛG-zGô-ºIï¤Å-‚Å-qºÛ-V-ÁÅ-fôz-¤Dm-HÛ-GP-¸G1ü ‚-GŸG-GP-ŸÛG-¾-ºG¾-¹º¤-
ºGôG-Çkô¤-¤Û-‚ïh-qü2ü z;º-ºFô¾-GmP-züPôÅ-¾ïm-‚ïh-ºôÅ-qº¤-VôG-¤Vm-vôh-¼ÞP-ü1ü ‚-hPôÅ-GP-ŸÛG-GÛ-GmÅ-Ç+zÅ-
GTÛG-mÅ-GŸm-hÝ-ºwô-zºÛ-Ç+zÅ-Û̂-‚ãP-zü
2ü Hôm-VÅ- Û̂-V-±h-¿e-zÞ-zNå¼-zTôÅ-GbôP-zºÛ-‚-GŸG
1ü ¤fÞm-xôGÅ- Û̂ü2ü IôÅ-¤fÞm-HÛÅ-£ï¾-zºÛü
1ü Þ̧¼-zThü2ü zGô-zÁºü zGô-ºIï¤Åü
zGô-»Þ¾ü
1ü ‚ïh-hÝ-ºWâG-qü2ü GmP-z-vôh-qü
VôG-qºÛü
1ü ºHã¼-¿kôG2ü z ô̧-zTôÅü3ü zTôÅ-zNå¼ü
allied
allocation
allottee
allow
allowable
alteration
27Administration º²Ûm-BôP-ü3ü zB¼-zTôÅ-Ť-zNå¼-zTôÅ-
GbôP-±ß¾üwm-±ßm-Gb¤-Pm-Áôh-¼ïÅ- Û̂- ô̄h-JÀïP.ü1ü ‚-z-GP-ŸÛG-zXï-¼ïÅ-̂ ÛÅ-‚ïh-qü2ü zXï-¾ïm-HÛ-ÇKô-mÅ-‚ãP-zü3ü ¾Å-hôm-GP-ŸÛG-hôm-Gô-±P-z-
Oæz-ÇÀh-GmÅ-Ç+zÅ-¼ÛP-Bï-zô-GTÛG-GÛ-Gô-ż-GŸm-¼ïÅ-¤ôÅ-ÅÞ-ºWôG-qü
1ü Gh¤-;-hP-¼ïÅ-¤ôÅ- Û̂ü2ü hPôÅ-qô-GZÛÅ-Ť-hÝ-¤ºÛ-Fôh-
Û̂-Gh¤-;GTÛG-GÛ-Gô-ż-GTÛG-ºWôG-qº¤-hïºÛ-±z-bàü1ü ¿UGÅ-¼ÛGÅ-GŸm-hP-hPÞ¾-Vß-
¤Z¤-zÆïÅ-‚ïh-qü2ü GôP-zÞ-V-±P-z-GTÛG-Iâz-qºÛ-
Vïh-hÝ-¹-OÛ¾-zü¼ÛGÅ-¼ÞÅ-wm-±ßm-ºiï-±ß¾ü1ü Nå-¯¾-hP.ü ±m-¯¾ü ï̄h-
¼ÛGÅ-ÅôGÅ-¾-hGº-Ÿïm-HÛÅ-ºWâG-qºÛ-GP-¸G
altercation
alternate
alternative
alternatively
amalgamate
amalgamation
amateur
D-º²ÛP.ü D-ºFâG
1ü ¼ïÅ-¤ôÅ-‚ïh-qü2ü ¼ïÅ-¤ôÅ- Û̂Å-‚ãP-zü3ü zXï-¾ïm-‚ïh-qü
1ü ¼ïÅ-¤ôÅ- Û̂ü2ü Gh¤-;
¼ïÅ-¤ôÅ-‚Å-bïü Çtï¾-¤¼ü
1ü hPÞ¾-Vß-hP-Æï-¢ô¼-‚ïh-qü2ü ¤Z¤-hÝ-¢ô¼-zü
¤Û-¼ÛGÅ-¤Z¤-ºiïÅühP-Ÿïm-qü
Administration 28 º²Ûm-BôP-ü2ü hÝÅ-±ôh-ºhº-‚ïh-hÝ-ÇÀôz-¢ôP-P¤-
ï̄h-¼ÛGÅ-ÅôGÅ-¾-ºWâG-qºÛ-Bï-zôü1ü Gô-hôm-GZÛÅ-Ť-GZÛÅ-¾Å-¤P-z-
»ôh-ÆÛh-qºÛü2ü zXôh-hôm-D-Gž-¤ïh-qºÛü1ü »¼-MÅ-Ť-Wï-¾ïGÅ- Û̂-ºHã¼-z-
GbôP-zü2ü FÛ¤Å-z ô̧ºÛ-Gmh-hôm-¿e-zÞ¼-Çoôm-
ºyÛ-Çtô¼-GTôG-zHÛÅ-bï-zNå¼-zTôÅ-GbôP-zü
1ü „Àô-¾-ºfh-qº¤-ÇoP-z-ºIô-zôºÛ-Eh-VôÅü
2ü xÛ-hPôÅ-qôºÛ-zhï-z¼-IôGÅ-‚ïh-qºÛ-V-Aïmü
¤fÞm-ºƒï¾-hP-IôGÅ-ºiÛÅ- Û̂-Eh-VôÅ-¿km-qºÛü1ü ¤ï-¤hº-hP-¤ï-NôGÅ- Û̂Å-ºwïm-
MãºÛ-¤hïºÞü2ü ¤Û-ºzô¼-Vïm-qô-Çkïz-GÅôh-‚ïh-q¼-
¤±ôm-V-¿e-zÞ-zïh-uôh-GbP-MãºÛ-lݾ-ym-hP.ü µÅ-ºHã¼ü Bï-hPôÅ-y-¤ôºÛ-µÅ-¼ÛGÅü
1ü FÛ¤Å-ºG¾-z-n¤Å-¾-ZïÅ-Vh-VG-»P-GbôP-zºÛ-hÝÅ-±ôhü
ambiguous
amend
amenity
amicable
ammunition
amnesty
1ü Gô-hôm-¤P-zºÛü2ü Gž-D-¤ïh-qºÛü
1ü ¾ïGÅ-zTôÅ-‚ïh-qü2ü zB¼-zTôÅ-‚ïh-qü
1ü »Ûh-hÝ-ºôP-zºÛ-¼P-zŸÛmü2ü ¤fÞm-Aïmü
¤²º-¤fÞm-HÛü
1ü µÅ-¤hï¾ü2ü ¤±ôm-Vü
1ü ZïÅ-»P-hÝÅ-»Þmü2ü ZïÅ-Vh-VG-»P.ü
29Administration º²Ûm-BôP-ü2ü Bï-zô-GP-ŸÛG-¾ÞGÅ-¤fÞm-HÛ-
ÇKô-mÅ-ZïÅ-q-GÝ-»P-GbôP-zºÛ-‚-GŸG
IPÅ-¤P-ZÝP-P¤-Eôm-Vï-VßP-GÛ-±hüJÀôG-ÁÝGÅ-¾-zdïm-qºÛ-zl-¾m-HÛ-mÝÅ-ÁÝGÅ-Çtô¼-‚ïh- Û̂-JÀôG-GÛ-»ô-‚hü1ü ºzï¾-qôºÛ-GmÅ-ÇePÅ-Ť-¼P-
zŸÛmü2ü hGôÅ-¤Dô-¾Å-¤P-zºÛ-ºzô¼üh¤ÛGÅ-zž-GÁG-zTôÅ-¾-zdïm-mÅ-¾ÞÅ- Û̂-@P-¾G-»ôPÅ-µôGÅ-Ť-V-ÁÅ-GTôh-ºƒïG-‚ïh-±ß¾ü1ü Gmh-hôm-ºGº-¼ï-ºi-¤±ßPÅ-
»Ûm-qºÛü2ü º‚ãP-DÞPÅ-hP-Oô¤-GŸÛ-¤Û-
¤±ßPÅ-̂ P-‚ïh-¾Å-¤±ßPÅ-qü1ü ÁïÅ-dôGÅ-ŸÛz-y-»ôP-ÇÀh-ŸÛz-
ºWâG-G¤-hrh-ŸÛz-‚ïh-qü2ü Iâz-VºÛ-µÅ-Ť-G¾-VïºÛ-V-
ÁÅ-Åô-Åô¼-h‚ï-zü1ü w-GŸÛÅ-¿e-zÞ-GP-mÅ-¾ïm-źÛ-
GP-¸G2ü ¼P-ZÛh- Û̂-¼ÛGÅ-Mãh-DÞPÅ-
amount
amplifier
amplitude
amputation
analogous
analyse
ancestor
Eôm-ºzô¼ü ºzô¼üÇtô¼-‚ïhü
1ü ºzï¾-¿ËàG-¿ËàG2ü ºzï¾-qôü
»m-¾G-GTôh-ºƒïG
1ü V-®¤-ºi-zºÛü2ü ‚ïh-¾Å-®¤-ºi-zºÛü
1ü h‚ï-ŸÛz-‚ïh-qührh-ŸÛz-‚ïh-qü
2ü V-Åô-Åô¼-º‚ïh-qü
1ü ¤ïÅ-qôü2ü w-¤ïÅü
Administration 30 º²Ûm-BôP-üºhïh-‚ïh-źÛ-GP-¸G
1ü M-¤±ôºÛ-¤f¼-Iâ-G Û̧PÅ-ºhôGÅ-źÛ-GmÅü
2ü Iâ-G Û̧PÅ-dôh-GmÅ-ÅÞ-zbGÅ-qºÛ-JÀ-ºzzü
1ü ¾Å-;¼-¼ôGÅ-‚ïh-¤Dmü2ü GmÅ-¼Û¤-ºôG-¤üd-¾ÞG-¾-ÅôGÅ-qºÛ-ÇKô-xãGÅ-Åï¤Å-Tm-n¤Å-Bï-Çtï¾-‚ïh-qü1ü ÇkP- Þ̧G-iG-qô-º‚ãP-GŸÛºÛ-Åï¤Å-
±ô¼ü2ü ÇkP-Åï¤Å- Û̂-±ô¼-zº¤-‚-uôhü1ü ºDôm-qºÛ-Åï¤Å-±ô¼ü2ü Ÿï-ÇkP-iG-qôºÛ-„Àôü¤-DP-ŸÛG-M-Bïh-GbôP-zºÛ-Vïh-hÝ-Mz-qºÛ-DP-qü1ü ¯-¤ïh-GbôP-±ß¾-HÛ-zMãh-¼Û¤-¤¤-‚-GŸG2ü GP-ŸÛG-¯-Gbô¼-zbP-zºÛ-ÇKô-mÅ-zTô¤-qü‚-GŸG-GP-ŸÛG-¾ô-¼ï-ºDô¼-zºÛ-hÝÅ-¤±¤Åü
anchorage
ancillary
animalhusbandry
animosity
animus
annexe
annihilation
anniversary
1ü zdôh-Åü2ü dôh-JÀü
1ü ¾G-G»ôG2ü GÁ¤-ºôGÇKô-xãGÅ-GÅô-BôP.ü
1ü ºDôm-Åï¤Åü2ü ÇkP-Åï¤Åü
1ü ºDôm-º²Ûmü2ü ÇkP-º²ÛmüGŸôGÅ-DP.ü zÞ-DP.ü
1ü ¯-Gbô¼ü2ü ¯-ÇeôPÅü
¾ô-ºDô¼-hÝÅ-imü
31Administration º²Ûm-BôP-üºIï¾-zÁh-hP- Þ̧¼-¤Vm-ºGôh-±ß¾üGmÅ-hôm-ŸÛG-ÁïÅ-dôGÅ-Vïh-Çtï¾-zºÛ-zl-Ezü1ü GmÅ-hôm-GP-ŸÛG-Ez-zOGÅ-
‚ïh-¤Dmü2ü ½ÀâP-ºyÛm-hP.ü ±ôGÅ-ºhÝ-
ÅôGÅ- Û̂-‚ïh-ÇKô-Pô-vôh-‚ïh-¤ÛüBï-zô-GP-ŸÛG-¾-ÅÞm-qôº¤-½‰ôG-i-z ô̧-zºÛ-‚-GŸG¾ô-GTÛG-GÛ-‚ãP-ÅôP- Û̄Å-Füº²Ûm-BôP-¾Å-hôm-hP-ºƒï¾-zºÛ-¾ô-GTÛG-GÛ-ljm-fôü
¾ô-¼ïºÛ-hPÞ¾- Û̄Å-GmÅ-ÇePÅ- Û̂-Û̄Å-ÁôGhÝÅ-»Þm-¾ô-GTÛG-GÛ-¾Å-hôm-GP-»P-¼ÞP-zºÛ-ljm-fôü¾ô-GTÛG-GÛ-¾Å-hôm-GP-¼ÞP-hP-ºƒï¾-zºÛ-zB¼-ŸÛzü1ü ¾ô-GTÛG-GÛ-xôGÅ-zÇkô¤Å-
wôGÅ-Ť-»ôP-ºzzü
annotation
announcement
announcer
annoyance
annual account
annualadministrativereport
annual financialstatement
annual report
annual review
annuity
¤Vm-ºIï¾üGž-zOGÅü
1ü Gž-zOGÅ-qü2ü ¾Å-¼Û¤-Pô-vôh-qü
ÅÞm-G®ï¼ü
¾ô-ºDô¼- Û̄Å-Fü¾ô-ºDô¼-º²Ûm-BôP-ljm-fôü
¾ô-ºDô¼-hPÞ¾- Û̄Å- Û̂- Û̄Å-ÁôG
¾ô-ºDô¼-ljm-fôü
¾ô-ºDô¼-zB¼-ŸÛzü
1ü ¾ô-ºzzü2ü ¾ô-¼ïºÛ-¾ôG-ºzzü
Administration 32 º²Ûm-BôP-ü2ü ¤-º²âGÅ-GP-ŸÛG-¾Å-‚ãP-zºÛ-
Bïh-;-fï-zºÛ-¾ô-¼ïºÛ-hPÞ¾-ºzzüFÛ¤Å-fôG-mÅ- Û̄Å-¤ïh-z ô̧-zü1ü uÛ-ljô¤Å-Ť-±h-GŸÛ-hP-ºG¾-
zºÛ-Vü2ü uÛ¼-zbP-hP-¤Û-ºi-zºÛ-GP-¸G1ü ¤ÛP-¤ïh-qºÛü2ü ÅÞ-»Ûm-¤ÛP-¬ôÅ-¤ïh-qºÛ-GP-¸G-
ŸÛG-mÅüiÛ-¾m-ºƒÛ-źÛ-hïzüiÛ-¾m-ºƒÛ-źÛ-ÁôG-zÞü1ü ¾Å-hôm-HÛ-ºGm-hzP-»ôh-qºÛ-
PP-±ß¾ü2ü ¾m-ºhïzÅ- Û̂-ºGm-ºFÛ-»ôh-qºÛ-
GmÅ-ÇePÅüD-q¼-zMãh-mÅ-O-wz-hP-zl-¾m-vôh-‚ïh- Û̂-ºyâ¾-VÅüGŸm-hP-ºIm-Çkݼ-¼¤-D-Gbh-‚ïh-¤Dm-HÛ-GP-¸G‚-hPôÅ-GP-»P-¼ÞP-zºÛ-ÇSôm-hÝ-‚ãP-zº¤-ºIô-zºÛü
mÝÅ-¤ïh-z ô̧-zü1ü uÛ-hP-¤Û-ljô¤Å-qü2ü ;Ým-hP-¤Û-ºi-zºÛ-GP-¸G
1ü ¤ÛP-¤ïh-qºÛü2ü ¤ÛP-¬ôÅ-¤ïh-qºÛü
¾m-hïzü¾m-ÁôG1ü ºGm-ºDÞ¼ü2ü ¾m-ºGm-»ôh-qºÛ-GmÅ-
ÇePÅü
¾m-ºhïzÅ-ºyâ¾-VÅü
D-Gbh-qü
ÇS-GmÅ- Û̂ü
annul
anomaly
anonymous
answer book
answer sheet
answerability
answeringmachine
antagonist
antecedent
33Administration º²Ûm-BôP-üantedated
antedated cheque
anticipatedexpenditure
anticipated income
anticipated profit
anticipated saving
anticipation
antique
antiquity
apartheid
¹-±ïÅ-ÇS-ºGôh-‚Å-qºÛü
¹-±ïÅ-ÇS-ºGôh-‚Å-qºÛ-TïG-º²ÛmüÇSôm-hqG-ºIô-Iômü
ÇSôm-hqG-»ôP-ºzzüÇSôm-hqG-Dï-ºzzüÇSôm-hqG-GÅôG-ºWôG1ü ¼ï-ºhÝmü2ü ÇSôm-hqG
Gmº-zôºÛü Gmº-¼zÅ- Û̂ü
1ü ÇS-¼zÅü2ü ½‰ÛP-Z¤Åü
¤Û-¼ÛGÅ-h;¼-mG-h‚ï-º‚ïh-( Û̂-ÆÛh-WâÅü)
hPôÅ-ÅÞ-º‚ãP-MãºÛ-±ïÅ-IPÅ-¾Å-ÇS-z¼-z;ôh-qºÛü±ïÅ-IPÅ-ÇS-ºGôh-‚Å-qºÛ-TïG-º²Ûmü¼ôz- Û̄Å-±ôh-hqG-GÛ-ºIô-ÅôP.ü
¼ôz- Û̄Å-±ôh-hqG-GÛ-»ôP-ÇKôü¼ôz- Û̄Å-±ôh-hqG-GÛ-Dï-z¸P.ü¼ôz- Û̄Å-±ôh-hqG-GÛ-GÅôG-ºWôG1ü ¼ï-z-zMz-qº¤-±ôh-hqG-‚Å-
qºÛ-PP-±ß¾ü2ü Mã-¤±m-ÅôGÅ-¾-zdïm-qºÛ-
ÇSôm-±ßh- Û̂-±ôh-hqGGmº-zôºÛ-hÝÅ-mÅ-‚ãP-zº¤-hï-hP-ºƒï¾-zºÛü1ü Gmº-hÝÅ-bïü h¤ÛGÅ-zž-
hÝ-hÝÅ-¼zÅ-z¼-¤ºÛ-ÇS-¼ô¾-hÝ-‚ãP-zü
2ü Gmº-zôº¤-½‰ÛP-qºÛ-Eh-VôÅü¿Ëô-Íw-¼Û-;ºÛ-mP-¾G-zÇe¼-‚Å-qºÛ-¤Û-¼ÛGÅ-h;¼-mG-h‚ï-º‚ïh- Û̂-
Administration 34 º²Ûm-BôP-ü
apathy
apex
apology
apparatus
apparent
appeal
appearance
vô-ÇoP-Ÿm-qü
1ü »P- ï̄ü2ü ¤f¼-fÞG
z ô̧h-GÅô¾ü hGôPÅ-Åï¾ü
»ô-‚hü ¤Dô-VÅü
1ü n¤-q¼-Gž-zºÛü2ü ¤Pôm-ÅÞ¤-HÛü1ü ŸÝ-ºzôh-‚ïh-qü2ü GôP-ŸÝ-‚ïh-qü
1ü xÛ-±ß¾ü2ü ÇoP-±ß¾ü
ÆÛh-WâÅüGmh-hôm-GP-ŸÛG-¾-hô-ÇoP-hP-Åï¤Å-±ô¼-¤ïh-qü1ü ‚-hPôÅ-GP-ŸÛG-GÛ-GmÅ-¤fô-ÁôÅü2ü Gb¤-zXôh-¿e-zÞºÛ-¤fô-½ÀzÅ- Û̂- ï̄-
¤ôüwôG-fÞG-G¤-mô¼-ºFâ¾-‚ãP-¼ÛGÅ-¾-ºHôh-Åï¤Å-Ť-hGôPÅ-hG-fÞGÅ-zhïm-ŸÝ-±ß¾ü‚ïh-ÇKô-PïÅ-Tm-ŸÛG-zOæz-ÇÀh-hÝ-z;ô¾-MãºÛ-Vïh-z ô̧Å-qºÛ-hPôÅ-VÅü1ü »Ûh-hP-hzP-qô¼-Gž-qô-ºV¼-zºÛü2ü zhïm-qº¤-¤Pôm-ÅÞ¤-hÝ-ÇoP-zºÛü1ü Bï-zô-GP-ŸÛG-¾-¼ôGÅ-Bô¼-Vïh-²-
iG-ºzôh-Ç+ݾ-‚ïh-qü2ü FÛ¤Å-DP-ºôG-¤-ŸÛG-mÅ-fG-
zTh- Û̧m-qºÛ-D-¤Vß-ŸÛG-FÛ¤Å-Å-GôP-¤¼-zB¼-hÝ-ŸÝ-GbàG-‚ïh-qü
1ü hPôÅ-qôº¤-Bï-zô-GP-ŸÛG-GÛ-xÛºÛÇoP-±ß¾ü
2ü hPôÅ-qô-GP-ŸÛG-GÛ-ÇoP-±ß¾-¾¤-ºV¼-±ß¾ü
35Administration º²Ûm-BôP-üappeasement
append
appendix
appliance
applicability
applicable
applicant
application
1ü Pô-ÆâP.ü2ü ŸÛ-fzÅ-Pô-ÆâP.ü
D-Çoôm-MG-qü Çoôm-qü
1ü ¿Ëm-fzÅü2ü Mã-¿ËG
»ô-‚hü
¢ô¼-¼ÞP-zºÛ-¼P-zŸÛmü¢ô¼-¼ÞP-zºÛü ºWâG-qºÛü¾G-zÇe¼-¼ÞP-zºÛüljm-ŸÝ-ºzÞ¾-¤Ûü
ljm-ŸÝü
1ü ºhôh-„Àô-Ç+ôP-fzÅ- Û̂-‚-GŸG2ü wm-±ßm-ŸÛ-¤fÞm-¿ËÛP-ºWGÅ-
GmÅ-fzÅ-ÅÞ-hI-zôº¤-z®m-Áïh-Tm-HÛ-¤Pôm-ºhôh-Ç+ôP-fzÅ- Û̂-ÆÛh-‚ãÅü
GP-ŸÛG-D-Çoôm-HÛ-±ß¾-hÝ-¢ô¼-zº¤-¤fÞh-qü1ü hïz- Û̂-¤WâG-bà-z;ôh-qºÛ-D-Çoôm-
HÛ-¯ô¤-OÛG-Mã-Vü2ü Mã-¤-hP-¾ôP-G-GZÛÅ-ºƒï¾-
¤±¤Å-mÅ-¾ôGÅ-ÅÞ-m¼-zºÛ-¸Å-Ç+ô¤-¤Û-Mã-zºÛ-Mã-¤-y-¾-fÞP-z-ŸÛG
¾Å-hôm-‚ï-ƒG-Oæz-Vïh- Û̂-ºyâ¾-VÅ-Ť-»ô-VÅü¢ô¼-¼ÞP-zº¤-ºWâG-qôºÛ-¼P-zŸÛmü¾G-zÇe¼-Vïh-uôh-fÞz-qºÛü
¾Å-;-hPü Gô-GmÅü º²â¾-ŸÝGÅ-‚-Mã-ÅôGÅ- Û̂-Vïh-hÝ-ljm-ŸÝ-ºzÞ¾-¤Dm-HÛ-GP-¸GGôP-¼Û¤-hP-¾Å-GmÅ-ÅôGÅ- Û̂-Vïh-hÝ-ºzÞ¾-MãºÛ-»Û-Gï
Administration 36 º²Ûm-BôP-üljm-ŸÝ-ºzÞ¾-MãºÛ-Gmh-hôm-ºGôh-źÛ-ÁôG-¿Ëïü¾Å-Çoﺤ-Gô-GmÅ-GP-ŸÛG-bà-zÇ+ôÅ-qºÛ-GP-¸G1ü ¾Å-Çoï-¿e-zÞ¼-zÇ+ô-º²âGÅü2ü Bï-zô-GP-ŸÛG-hP-¤Z¤-hÝ-GmÅ-
GP-hÝ-fÞG-ºyh-‚-MãºÛ-hÝÅ-z;G-z ô̧-zü
¾Å-Çoï-¿e-zÞ¼-zÇ+ô-º²âGÅ- Û̂-»Û-Gï
Ç+¾-zº¤-hݤ-zÞ¼-zGô-ºIï¤Å-‚ïh-±ß¾ü1ü hPôÅ-qô-GP-ŸÛG-GÛ-GôP-±h-h¤-
¼Ûm-fP-Gbm-ºzïzÅü2ü ¾ïGÅ-ZïÅ-¿e-zÞ-h‚ï-º‚ïh-̂ Û-hrh-qü1ü ¼Ûm-fP-fG-GTôh-h¤-Gbm-ºzïzÅ-
‚ïh-qü2ü Mã-hPôÅ-GP-ŸÛG-GÛ-¼Ûm-fP-P¤-
ÇtäÅ-;ü »P-m-Eôm-ºzô¼-±ôh-hqG-‚ïh-qü
Å-DP-P¤-mP-ºiïm-hPôÅ- ô̧G ¤D¼-hzP-¿e-zÞºÛ-T-hPôÅ- Û̂-¼Ûm-fP-Gbm-ºzïzÅ-‚ïh-MãºÛ-hzP-±h-Tm-HÛ-Bï-zôü
applicationform
appointee
appointment
appointmentletter
apportionment
appraisal
appraise
appraiser
ljm-ŸÝºÛ-ºGïPÅ-ÁôG
zÇ+ôÅ-qºÛ-¤Ûü
1ü zÇ+ô-GŸG2ü hÝÅ-¼ü
zÇ+ô-GŸG-»Û-Gï
zGô-zÁºü1ü ¼Ûm-fP-Gbm-ºzïzÅü2ü dôG-ŸÛzü
1ü ¼Ûm-fP-Gbm-ºzïzÅ-‚ïh-qü2ü ±ôh-hqG-‚ïh-qü
¼Ûm-fP-Gbm-ºzïzÅ-‚ïh-qôü¼Ûm-fP-Gbm-ºzïzÅ-‚ïh-¤Dmü
37Administration º²Ûm-BôP-ü1ü FÛ¤Å-fôG-mÅ-º²Ûm-z Þ̧P-‚ïh-qü2ü Gmh-hôm-GP-ŸÛG-GÛ-Gô-hôm-
ÁïÅ-qü1ü ZïÅ-Tm-¾-ÅôGÅ-q-º²Ûm-z Þ̧P-
‚ïh-±ß¾ü2ü Gô-dôGÅ-¾ôm-qºÛ-Bï-zô-GP-ŸÛG-
GÛ-„ÀôºÛ-º²Ûm-ÇePÅü1ü ºI¤-hÝ-Wï-Zï-Wï-Zï¼-ÇÀïzÅ-±ß¾ü2ü GP-ŸÛG-hP-Zï-ż-ºWâG-qºÛ-ÇKô-
hP.ü fzÅ-¾¤ü Gô-Ç+zÅ-zTÅü
1ü hÝÅ-Ç+zÅ-Ť-GmÅ-ÇePÅ-‚ï-ƒG-q-ŸÛG-Vïh-hÝ-¼m-qôº¤-ºIÛG-qôü
2ü ¾Å-hôm-‚ï-ƒG-q-ŸÛG-GÛ-Vïh-hÝ-zïh-uôh-‚-Mã¼- Þ̧¼-ºWôG-‚ïh-qü
1ü GôP-¼Û¤-HÛÅ-GmP-z-vôh-±ß¾ü2ü VôG-¤Vmü ¤ôÅ-¤fÞmü
z;º-ºFô¾ü1ü È-¾¤-bG-bG2ü GP-ŸÛG-GÛ-Zï-¾ôGÅ-hï-¤-fG-
bà-ÇÀïzÅ-qü3ü Çtô¤-±ôh-h¤-¼ôz- Û̄Å- Û̂Å-fG-
GTôh-qü
apprehend
apprehension
approach
appropriate
approval
approximate
1ü º²Ûm-z Þ̧P-‚ïh-qü2ü Gô-hôm-dôGÅ-qü
1ü º²Ûm-z Þ̧P.ü2ü Gô-dôGÅü
1ü Zï-z¼-zT¼-zü2ü fzÅ-¾¤ü ºWâG-ÇKôü
1ü ºôÅ-qôü ºôÅ-ÁÛP-º±¤Å-qºÛü
2ü Þ̧¼-ºWôG-‚ïh-qü
1ü z;º-ºFô¾ü2ü VôG-¤Vmü ºFô¾-Vü
1ü w¾-Vï¼ü2ü Zï-z¼-ÇÀïzÅ-qü3ü ±ôh-hqôG-qü
Administration 38 º²Ûm-BôP-üTßP-¸h-¤-GbôGÅ-xôGÅ-»ôPÅ-mÅ-ºi-zº¤-¤fÞm-q-¿e-zÞümÝÅ-±h-GôP-ºwï¾-GbôP-‚ïh- Û̂-D-GÅz-ˆÛ-V-¾G1ü ÁïÅ-ÇeôzÅ-Vï-z-¿e-zÞ-BïÅ-ÇeôzÅ- Û̂-
¯¾-»ôh-qºÛ-mÝÅ-qü2ü ¼ÛG-qºÛ-GmÅ-GP-ŸÛG-¾-¢ôP-z-
hP.ü Gô-dôGÅ-¥ã¼-zºÛ-¼P-zŸÛmü3ü ‚-z-GP-ŸÛG-‚ïh-fÞz-qºÛ-mÝÅ-
ÁÝGÅ-Ť-»ôm-bmüBï-zô-ŸÛG-¾Å-;-hP.ü ÁïÅ-»ômü ¾G-¯¾-ÅôGÅ- Û̂-¼ÛGÅ-WÛ-ºi-ŸÛG-¾-h¤Û‡-zž-hÝ-¼m-¤Ûm-zdG-fzÅ- Û̂-±ôh-¿eüFÛ¤Å-¤ïh-¾ÞGÅ-¤ïh-‚Å-q-Çeïü ¼P-ZÛh- Û̂-ºhôh-hôm-hP-zŤ-±ß¾-¾¤-ºhÝm-q-Dô-m¼-GŸÛ-zTô¾-zºÛü1ü xôGÅ-wm-±ßm-hz¼-HÛ-¤Û-¤fÞm-q-
n¤Å-ºhݤ-q¼-‚ïh-qü2ü fG-GTôh-‚-MãºÛ-Vïh-hÝ-z¼-ºhݤ-
q¼- Û̄Å-vôh-qüô̄h-hôm-fG-GTôh-‚-Mã¼-ºGm-hzP-»ôh-qºÛ-GP-¸G1ü DP-qºÛ-z ô̧-z;ôh- Û̂-¼ÛG-qº¤-
approximately
appurtenance
aptitude
aptitude test
arbitrary
arbitrate
arbitrator
architecture
È-¾¤ü w¾-Vï¼ü
V-¾G-ºw¼-¤ü
1ü BïÅ-¯¾ü2ü ºWâG-q-¥ã¼-qü „Àô-nô-zü3ü mÝÅ-qü ºWôm-fP.ü
BïÅ-¯¾-±ôh-¿eü
¼P-ÇoP-GP-im-HÛü
1ü z¼-ºhݤ-‚ïh-qü2ü z¼-ºhݤ-q¼-vôh-qü
z¼-ºhݤ-qü
1ü DP-z ô̧-¼ÛG-qü
39Administration º²Ûm-BôP-ü
back out
back payments
backdated
background
background paper(backgrounder)
2ü DP-qºÛ-z ô̧-z;ôhü
D-hm-±ÛG-¾-¤Û-GmÅ-qüvôh-Çkh-ºw¼-ºzzü
1ü ºhÅ-±ïÅ-z;ôh-qºÛü2ü ºhÅ-±ïÅ-»¼-¾ôG-GÛ
Mz-¿YôPÅü
1ü Mz-¿YôPÅ-Gž-zOGÅü2ü Mz-¿YôPÅ-Gż-ºyÛmü
Nå-¯¾ü2ü DP-q-WÛ-¿e¼-z ô̧-zºÛ-ºIôÅ-
Ť-z;ôh-qüDÅ-¾ïm-h¤-zTº-¾-¤Û-GmÅ-qü¾Å-¤Û-ŸÛG-¾-ÇS-Å-mÅ-JÀ-wôGÅ-ºw¼-zºÛ-Mã-¤±m-HÛÅ-fôz-qºÛ-hPÞ¾-ºzzü1ü »ÛG-V-¿e-zÞ-ºhÅ-qºÛ-±ïÅ-
IPÅ-Pô-¤-¾Å-ÇS-zºÛ-±ïÅ-IPÅ-z;ôh-qü
2ü hÝÅ-±ïÅ-ÇSôm-¤-ŸÛG-mÅ-¯-º²Ûm-HÛÅ-Çt¼-V-‚-Mãü
(h¤ÛGÅ-zž-JÀ-wôGÅ-¿e-zÞü)1ü q¼-hP-¼Û-¤ô-ÅôGÅ- Û̂-Mz- Û̂-
»Þ¾-¿YôPÅ-Ť-z;ôh-qü2ü GP-¸G-TÛG-GÛ-¾Å-;ºÛ-¢ôP-
zl¼-hP.ü ÁïÅ-»ômü Z¤Å-¥ôP- ÅôGÅ- Û̂-¾ô-MãÅü
1ü GŸÝP-ŸzÅ-q-ŸÛG-GÛÅ-Gż-ºGôh-q¼-GŸÝP-GÛ-ÆÛh-‚ãÅ-Ť- ¾Å-hôm-ŸÛG-GÛ-Mz-¿YôPÅ-ŸÛz-y-Gž-zÁh-‚ïh-źÛ-Gż-ºGôh-¿Ëm-±ôGÅ-Ť-zT¼-ºiÛü
2ü GŸÝP-GÛ-ÆÛh-‚ãÅ-Ť-‚ïh-ÇKôºÛ-
Administration 40 º²Ûm-BôP-ü
backhander
backlog
backup
backward class
backward tribe
bad conduct
bad debt
Û̄z-lôü1ü Mz-ÁÛP.ü iôh-ÆâP.ü2ü ¾Å-ºyôü3ü Vïh-Z¼ü
Mz-dïmü
XïÅ-¾ÞÅ-I¾-¼Û¤ü
XïÅ-¾ÞÅ-±ô-qüuôh-PmüzÞm-mG
Mz-¿YôPÅ-Ç+ô¼-ŸÛz-y-Gž-zÁh-‚ïh-qºÛ-GŸÝP-ºƒï¾-Gż-ºyÛm-m¤-Gż-ÁôG
¿+ôG-Qm-HÛ-w¾-Ç+hü1ü ¤ï-iôh-¤Û-fô¼-zºÛ-Vïh-fz- Û̂-Mz-
¾ôGÅ-ÅÞ-ºWôG-MãºÛ-ÁÛP-hݤ-Vïm-qô-ŸÛG
2ü ‚Å-¤-±¼-z¼-wÞP-GÅôG-fïzÅ-qºÛ-¾Å-;ü
3ü ‚ïh-ÇKô-h¤ÛGÅ-zž-ŸÛG-G¤-¤-ºôPÅ-qºÛ-Vïh-hÝ-Z¼-±GÅ-‚Å-qºÛ-hPôÅ-qôü
1ü ¼ôGÅ-±z-bà-Z¼-zºÛ-GP-¸G-G¤-hPôÅ-qôü
2ü ;¤-qÞ-‡¼-mP-GÛ-»ÛG-V-GP-¼ÞP-ŸÛG-GÛ-ºi-zÁÝÅ-;¤-qÞ-‡¼-hï-¾Å-¾ôGÅ-ÅÞ-Z¼-±GÅ-‚Å-qºÛ-ºi-zÁÝÅü
uÛ-¤±ßPÅ-¿e¼-»¼-MÅ-ºIô-¤-fÞz-qºÛ-¤Û-ÇkïüXïÅ-¾ÞÅ-fïzÅ-qºÛ-±ô-qüuôh-¾¤-¤Û-¾ïGÅ-qüxÛ¼-vôh-¤Û-fÞz-qº¤-ºhïh-DÞPÅ-¤ïh-
41Administration º²Ûm-BôP-ü
badge
baggage
bail
bailiff
bailment
1ü hqÞP-dGÅü2ü dGÅ-¤ü
Ç+Ý-VÅü hô-VÅü1ü Gbº-hPÞ¾ü2ü DG-ºEG3ü Gbº-hPÞ¾-HÛÅ-„Àâ-zü
FÛ¤Å-¼ºÛ-hô-h¤-qü1ü Gbº-hPÞ¾-ºzÞ¾-ºWôG2ü zTô¾-ºWôG
qºÛ-zÞ-¾ômü1ü ±ôGÅ-q-ŸÛG-GÛ-±ôGÅ-¤Ûº¤-
Gô-GmÅ-¤±ôm-Vïh-¾ÞÅ-ÇeïP-hÝ-GhGÅ-MãºÛ-¤±ôm-dGÅü
2ü GP-¸G-ŸÛG-¾-G ï̧PÅ-zÇeôh-h¤-Vï-zÇeôh-ˆÛ-ÇÀh-hÝ-wÞ¾-zºÛ-¤±ôm-dGÅü
ºIâ¾-zBôh-Ç+zÅ-ºEï¼-MãºÛ-T-¾G1ü ZïÅ-º²âGÅ-‚Å-qºÛ-Bï-zô-GP-
ŸÛG-FÛ¤Å-DP-hÝ-GbàG-zÁï¼-Ç+zÅ-Pô-zT¼-¤-‚Å-±ï-ºGm-DG-¾ïm-¤ÛÅ-FÛ¤Å-DP-hÝ-ºzÞ¾-Mã¼-DÅ-„ÀPÅ-qºÛ-hPÞ¾-ºzzü
2ü ºGm-¾ïm-Gbº-hPÞ¾-ºzÞ¾-MãºÛ-DÅ-¾ïm-‚ïh-qôü
3ü Gbº-hPÞ¾-zŸG-Çeï-JÀôh-z=ô¾-GbôP-zº¤-Gbº-hPÞ¾-
HÛÅ-„Àâ-züFÛ¤Å-DP-GÛ-ºGm-ÆâP-¾Å-‚ïhü1ü ZïÅ-º²âGÅ-‚Å-qºÛ-Bï-zô-ŸÛG-
GÛ-Vïh-hÝ-Gbº-hPÞ¾-ºzÞ¾-±ß¾ü
2ü T-hPôÅ-Ť-D¼-hzP-¤Û-GŸm-¾-zTô¾-ºWôG-‚-fzÅü
Administration 42 º²Ûm-BôP-übalance
balance sheet
balance to trade(trade balance)
balanced budget
ballot
ballot box
ban
1ü ÆP.ü M-¤ü Z-G2ü ;ü ‚ãP-ÅôP-D-ºfzü
Dü ‚ãP-ÅôP-z¼-Ehü3ü ¿ËG-ºyôü
Û̄Å-FºÛ-D-ÁôG ¤fº-Çkô¤-Û̄Å-ÁôG
±ôP-ºƒï¾-z¼-Ehü
hô-¤Z¤-ÇSôm- Û̄Åü
1ü ºôÅ-ÁôG2ü (GÅP-zºÛ)ºôÅ-zÇkÝü
ºôÅ-ÇK¤ü
1ü z;G-Mü2ü z;G-Çkô¤ü3ü GmÅ-h‚ãP-ü
1ü ¿YÛh-±h-ºW¾-‚ïh- Û̂-»ô-VÅü2ü ;ü Û̄Å-FºÛ-‚ãP-ÅôP-GZÛÅ- Û̂-hô-
¤Z¤-Çkô¤-ºzô¼üDü Û̄Å-FºÛ-‚ãP-ÅôP-hz¼-HÛ-Èï-zG
3ü Áݾ-hÝ-¾ÞÅ-qºÛ-¿ËG-¤ü±ôP-¾Å-Ť-¾Å-DÞPÅ-ÁÛG-GÛ- Û̄Å-hÝÅ-PïÅ-Tm-HÛ-D¼-hzP-hP.ü ¤-¯üzÞ-¾ôm-ÅôGÅ-D-Gž-z;ôh-qºÛ- Û̄Å-FüM¾-Dz-TÛG-GÛÅ-hÝÅ-»Þm-PïÅ-Tm-¼ÛP-M¾-mP-fôm-Bïh-xÛ¼-º±ôP-‚Å-q-hï-hP-xÛ-M¾-HÛ-±ôP- ô̧G-mP-ºiïm-‚Å-q-GZÛÅ- Û̂-¼Ûm-fP-z¼-EhühÝÅ-»Þm-PïÅ-Tm-ŸÛG-GÛ-ºIô-Iôm-hP-»ôP-ºzz-V-¤Z¤-qºÛ-ÇSôm- Û̄Åü1ü ‚ï-ƒG-bà-GÅP-zºÛ-ºôÅ-ÁôG-ºwïm-
Ç+zÅ- Û̂-ºôÅ-zÇkݺÛ-ÁôG-¿Ëïü2ü ‚ï-ƒG-bà-GÅP-zºÛ-ºôÅ-ÁôG-zÇkÝ-
¾ïm-‚ïh-ÇePÅüºôÅ-zÇkݺÛ-Ç+zÅ-ºôÅ-ÁôG-¿kÝG-źÛ-ÇK¤ü1ü ‚-GŸG-GP-ŸÛG-ºGôG-Çkô¤-‚ïh-
qºÛ-z;º-Mü2ü ZïÅ-Vh-¿e-zÞÅ-¼P-GÛ-GmÅ-»Þ¾-
mÅ-fG-¼ÛP-hÝ-ºzÞh-qü
43Administration º²Ûm-BôP-ü
band
banishment
bank
bank account
bank balance
bank book
1ü ºVÛP-fG Çkï¤-fG2ü ¼ô¾-VºÛ-¼Þ-DG
MP-ºzÞhü (»Þ¾-)uåGÅü
1ü hPÞ¾-DP.ü2ü PôGÅü Vß-ºI¤ü3ü z;¼-ºWâG
hPÞ¾-DP- Û̄Å-Fü
hPÞ¾-DP-¿ËG-zÇkhü
hPÞ¾-DP-¾G-hïzü
3ü ±ôGÅ-qº¤-BÛh-ÇkÝG-¿e-zÞ-mÅ-xÛ¼-ºzÞh-‚ïh-qü
1ü T-hPôÅ-¿e-zÞ-¤P-qô-¤Z¤-hÝ-Çkï¤-‚ïh- Û̂-OôG-fG-Æz-¤ôü
2ü ¼ô¾-V-¤Z¤-GbôP-‚ïh-¤Dm-HÛ-Çkï-DG
Åô-ÅôºÛ-»Þ¾-mÅ-xÛ¼-ºzÞh-qº¤-MP-ºzÞh-GbôP-zü1ü hPÞ¾-HÛ-±ôP-hôm-¾Å-DÞPÅ-
ÁÛG-Çeï-GP-hÝ-hPÞ¾-¾ô¼-zTô¾-ºWôG-hP.ü ¤-hPÞ¾-º²âGÅ-qü zÞm-G»¼-GbôP-zü hPÞ¾-¾ô¼-zXï-¾ïm-‚-»Þ¾ü
2ü ¤±ô-hP-¤±ïºÞ-º¤-G®P-qôºÛ-D-ºI¤-HÛ-Å-Mãh-PôGÅü
3ü GmÅ-±ß¾-²-iG-G¤-¤-ºôPÅ-qºÛ-hGôÅ-¤DôºÛ-Vïh-GÅôG-ºWôG-‚Å-qºÛ-Gm-¤²ôhü
¤Û-ŸÛG-GÛÅ-¼P-GÛ-hGôÅ-¤Dô-¿e¼-hPÞ¾-ºhôm-ºWâG-‚ïh-VôG-qºÛ-hPÞ¾-DP-GÛ- Û̄Å-ºGôhÝÅ-PïÅ-Tm-ŸÛG-¾-hPÞ¾-DP- Û̄Å-FºÛ-mP-»ôh-zŸÛm-qºÛ-hPÞ¾-ºzô¼ühPÞ¾-DP-mÅ-hPÞ¾-zTô¾-¤Dm-¼ï-
Administration 44 º²Ûm-BôP-ü
bank credit
bank draft
bank guarantee
bank holiday
bank rate
bank statement
banker
banking
hPÞ¾-DP-zÞ-¾ômü
hPÞ¾-DP-^z-º²Ûmü
hPÞ¾-DP-ºGm-¾ïmü
hPÞ¾-DP-GÝP-ÅïP.ü
hPÞ¾-DP-Bïh-fP.ü
hPÞ¾-DP-GÛ- Û̄Å-zXôhü
hPÞ¾-DP-hô-h¤-qühPÞ¾-DP-zhG-qôü1ü hPÞ¾-DP-¾Å-hômü
¼ï¼-hïz-VßP-ŸÛG-GÛ-mP-¤Û-Åô-ÅôºÛ-hPÞ¾-‚ãP-ÅôP-GÛ- Û̄Å-F-ºGôh-źÛ-hïz-VßP.ühPÞ¾-DP-ŸÛG-GÛ-mP-Gbº-¤-zŸG-XïÅ-hPÞ¾-DP-hï-mÅ-G»ô¼-¾ïm-VôG-qºÛ-hPÞ¾-ºzô¼-PïÅ-Tm-ŸÛGhPÞ¾-DP-GTÛG-mÅ-GTÛG-zMãh-fh-¾ïm-‚-MãºÛ-hPÞ¾-º²Ûm-ŸÛGzÞ-¾ôm-zbP-z-ŸÛG-¾-xÛÅ-ÅÞ-vôh-ºW¾-¤-fÞz-±ï-hPÞ¾-DP-¾-ºW¾-vôh-‚ïh-MãºÛ-ºGm-¾ïm-HÛ-Gm-MühPÞ¾-DP-GÛ-GŸÝP-hôm-GÝP-ÅïP-GÛ-ZÛm-¤ôüM¾-Dz-TÛG-GÛ-hPÞ¾-DP-hzÞÅ-¤Å-M¾-mP-GÛ-M¾-»ôPÅ-hPÞ¾-DP-DG-¾-hPÞ¾-zÞm-G»ô¼-zºÛ-Bïh-;ºÛ-ºzz-±hühPÞ¾-DP-ŸÛG-mÅ-hPÞ¾-DP-hïºÛ-mP-hPÞ¾-zTô¾-¤Dm-¤Û-¼ï-Pô-¼ï¼-hÝÅ-Ç+zÅ-Åô-Åô¼-z ô̧-zºÛ-‚ãP-ÅôP-zÇkh-GÅÞ¤-HÛ- Û̄Å-FühPÞ¾-DP-ŸÛG-GÛ-zhG-qôº¤-ºGm-»ôh-qºÛ-¾Å-Çoïü1ü hPÞ¾-DP-GÛ-Dï-¾Å-hP-ºƒï¾-
45Administration º²Ûm-BôP-ü
banking company
banking facilities
banking service
bankrupt
bankruptcy
banner
banquet
2ü hPÞ¾-DP-GÛ-¾Å-;ü
hPÞ¾-DP-±ôP-Çkïü
hPÞ¾-DP-GÛ-¤fÞm-Aïmü
hPÞ¾-DP-ŸzÅ-ŸÝü¤-¯-lÛz-qü
¤-¯-lÛz-qºÛ-GmÅ-ÇePÅü
1ü ºyïh-h¼ü2ü ºGô-zXôh-Vïm-¤ôü
GÅô¾-Çeôm-MÅ-qü
zºÛ-¾Å-¼ÛGÅü2ü hPÞ¾-DP-zhG-qôº¤-ºGm-
º²Ûm-HÛ-¾Å-;ühPÞ¾-zTô¾-ºWôG-hP-zÞm-GbôP-‚ïh-qºÛ-Dï-¾Å-OÛG-º²âGÅ-ÁÛGhPÞ¾-DP-hP-ºƒï¾-zºÛ-¾Å-¼ÛGÅ-Û̂-V-AïmühPÞ¾-¾Å-¼ÛGÅ- Û̂-ÆÛ-ŸÝüFÛ¤Å-fôG-mÅ-zÞ-¾ôm-G®P-ºW¾-‚ïh-¤Û-fÞz-qºÛ-PôÅ-º²ÛmüDï-¾Å-Ť-¤Û-ÇKï¼-q-GP-ŸÛG-GÛÅ-zÞ-¾ôm-G®P-ºW¾-¤Û-fÞz-qºÛ-GmÅ-ÇePÅü1ü ¤²ïÅ-z;ôh-h¤-Ez-zOGÅ- Û̂-
¼Å-GŸÛ-m¼-¤ôü2ü ±GÅ-q¼-HÛ-ºGô-zXôh-Vï-ŸÛP-
¼ÛP-zü1ü I-MÅ-ÁÛP-¸Å-¼ÛGÅ-Ço-
º²ô¤Å-Tm-HÛ-Çeôm-¤ôü2ü GP-¸G-‚ï-ƒG-q-ŸÛG-¾-Vï-
¤fôP-P¤-hÝÅ-±ÛGÅ-ÁÛG-GÛ-Vïh-hÝ-zÁ¤Å-qºÛ-Çeôm-¤ôü
Administration 46 º²Ûm-BôP-übar
bar code
bargain
bargaining
barrack
barrage
1ü VP-DP.ü2ü z;G-ºGôG3ü FÛ¤Å- ô̄h-qü4ü FÛ¤Å-¼ü
GÅP-fÛG
1ü ±ôP-OÛG-qü2ü Zô-¤Dm-HÛ-Dï-wmü
¼Ûm-GôP-Gb¤Å-qü
h¤G-¤ÛºÛ-Çkôh-DP.ü1ü zTh-¼GÅü2ü ¤±ôm-¼GÅü
1ü VP-¼G-ºfÞP-źÛ-DP-qü2ü z;G-Çkô¤-HÛ-‚-GŸG3ü FÛ¤Å-̄ ôh-qºÛ-Eh-VôÅ-±P-zºÛ-¤Û-Çkïü4ü FÛ¤Å-DP-ŸÛG-GÛ-mP-Zm-ŸÛz-
Ç+zÅ-FÛ¤Å-hqôm-hP.ü FÛ¤Å-ô̄h-q-zTÅ- Û̂-Çkôh-źÛ-¼-zü
±ôP- ô̧G-GÛ-¼Ûm-ºzz-D-IPÅ-GTÛG-mÅ-hGÝ-z¼-¤±ôm-‚ïh- Û̂-fÛG-¼ÛÅ-y-Ç~ô¤-Ço-±ôGÅ-¤Z¤-zÁÛzÅ-ÅÞ-z;ôh-qºÛ-GÅP-dGÅü1ü hPôÅ-µÅ-Zô-±ôP-P¤-zXï-±ôP-Ç+zÅ-
¼Ûm-GôP-Gb¤Å-qº¤-OÛG-qü2ü hPôÅ-µÅ-Zô-¤Dm-ŸÛG-¾-fôz-qºÛ-
Dï-wmüZô-±ôP-Ç+zÅ- Û̂-¼Ûm-q-Çtô¼-GTôG-GÛ-Gô-zÇkݼüh¤G-hqÞP-zTº-Çkôh-‚ïh-źÛ-DP-qü1ü G®P-qô-ŸÛG-mÅ-ŸÛP-Vß-ºiïm-q-
hP.ü JÀôG-¤Dô-ºhôm-‚ïh-qü;ô-z-w¼-±ß¼-ºIô-zBôh-zhï-z-ÅôGÅ- Û̂-Vïh-hÝ-ºyïh-zTh-hÝ-zMz-qºÛ-¼GÅü
2ü hI-xôGÅ-ÅÞ-¤hÝm-¤VôP-‚ïh-Ç+zÅ-±ß¼-Lô¾-ºGôG-fzÅ-ÅÞ-¤ï-NôGÅ-¿e-zÞ-¤±ôm-¤±¤Å-
47Administration º²Ûm-BôP-ü
barren
barren land
barrier
barter
base
baseless
basement
basic
¼zÅ-Vhü
Å-Lôhü
1ü ºGG2ü zTh-¤±¤Åü
zXï-±ôP.ü
¤-ÇK¼ü
GŸÛ-¤ïhü
ºôG-DP.ü
©P-GŸÛºÛü GŸÛ-¯ºÛü
ºWôG-¤ïh-q¼-ºwïm-qºÛ-Lô¾-fzÅ-ÁÛG
zÞ-yâG-¿e-zÞ-¼P-GÛ-Mãh-xÛ-¤-Bï-Çtï¾-¤Û-fÞz-qüwm-fôGÅ-¿km-qºÛ- Û̄-ÁÛP-¤Û-Bï-zºÛ-Å-V-f-Lôhü1ü ¼-Ç+ô¼-¿e-zÞ-¤Û-hP-hÝh-ºIô-Åô‡-
w¼-±ß¼-ºIô-ºôP-ºGôG-‚ïhü2ü Å-V-ÅôGÅ- Û̂-h‚ï-¤±¤ÅühPÞ¾-zïh-uôh-¤-zbP-z¼-±ôP- ô̧G-G¤-ŸzÅ-ŸÝºÛ-¾Å-¼ÛGÅ-wm-±ßm-zXï-¼ïÅ- Û̂-±ôP-¾ÅüOÛG-º²âGÅ-hP.ü ‚ïh-ÇKôü ¤fÞm-Aïm-¤Dô-vôh-ÅôGÅ- Û̂-¿eï-GmÅüMã-¤±m-hP-hPôÅ-»ôh-GmÅ-±ß¾-HÛ-GŸÛ-¯-¤ïh-qüDP-q-ŸÛG-GÛ-Å-PôÅ-¾Å-V-ÁÅ-Ť-ÉÛ¾-qô-h¤º-zºÛ-DP-qü1ü ¤ïh-hÝ-¤Û-¼ÞP-qºÛ-©P-GŸÛºÛ-
Iâz-Vº¤-Pô-zôü2ü basic training ¾-¿eôÅü
Administration 48 º²Ûm-BôP-übasic training
basis
batch
batten
beauty spot
bedding
bee keeping
before hand
©P-GŸÛºÛ-¢ôP-zl¼ü
GŸÛ-¯ü
1ü Çkïz-z ô̧Åü2ü ; ¤Dô-ºzô¼ü
D fôm-ºzô¼ü3ü Çkïü hݤ-zÞü
1ü ÆâzÅ-ÁÛP.ü2ü qP-GT¾ü
¿e-m-ÇkÝG-qºÛ-GmÅü1ü ¤¾-VÅü2ü hÝh-ºIôºÛ-ºôG-Çemü
£P-¤-GÅô-BôP.üÇS-Å-mÅü
h¤G-¤Û-Gż-ŸÝGÅ-q¼-vôh-MãºÛ-GŸÛ-¼Û¤-HÛ-¢ôP-zl¼ü¯-hôm-m¤-Mã-¤±m-¿e-zÞ-GP-ŸÛG-GÛ-ÇeïP-hÝ-‚-hPôÅ-Vï-Gï-¤ô-GP-»P-©P-GŸÛ-ºhÛP-Åü1ü hÝÅ-GTÛG-bà-¤Z¤-z ô̧-‚Å-qºÛ-
zG-¾ïz- Û̂-IPÅ-ºzô¼ü2ü ; ¾Å-fïPÅ-GTÛG-¾-hGôÅ-qºÛ-
ºzô¼üD ¾Å-fïPÅ-GTÛG-GÛ-fôm-ºzô¼ü
3ü ¤Ûº¤-hPôÅ-qôºÛ-±ôGÅ-DG1ü ÇKô-hP-HP- Û̄G-ÅôGÅ- Û̂-qP-¾ïz-
hz¼-HÛ-ÆâzÅ-D-ºGïz-MãºÛ-ÁÛP-¾ïz-Æz-qô-m¼-¤ô-ŸÛG
2ü DP-qºÛ-Ÿ¾-z¼-ºhÛP-MãºÛ-qP-¾ïz-m¼-¤ôü
¤²ïÅ-ÁÛP-»Ûh-hÝ-ºôP-z¼-º²Ûm-qºÛ-Å-Vü1ü ÇeïP-hÝ-Hôm-MãºÛ-Z¾-VÅü2ü ºWG- Ó̄-¿e-zÞ-hÝh-ºIô-Z¾-ż-ºhÛP-MãºÛ-hPôÅ-¼ÛGÅü£P- Û̄-fôm-Bïh- Û̂-Vïh-hÝ-£P-¤-GÅô-zühÝÅ-Ť-hGôÅ-¤Dô-¾Å-ÇS-zü
49Administration º²Ûm-BôP-übehaviour
belief
bellhop / boy
below par
bench
benchmark
beneficial
beneficiary
benefit
uôh-¾¤ü
»Ûh-VïÅü
¾G-hôü
±h-GŸÛ-¾Å-Ÿm-qºÛü
1ü FÛ¤Å-hqôm-¿Ëm-±ôGÅü2ü ¾Å-FÛü3ü FÛ-ÁÛP-m¼-¤ôü
±h-GŸÛü
Dï-wm-TmüDï-wm-fôz-¤Dmü
1ü Dï-wmü
ºIô-ºhÝG-uôh-¾¤-GÅÞ¤-HÛ-GÁÛÅ-¾ÞGÅüfï-±ô¤-¤ïh-q¼-zhïm-q¼-º²Ûm-qºÛ-„Àôü¤Iôm-DP-ŸÛG-mÅ-Ç+Ý-¤Iôm-HÛ-hô-VÅ-ºô¼-ºiïm-¿e-zÞºÛ-xG-¼ôGÅ-ŸÝ-¤Dm-hÝ-JÀÅ-qºÛ-¾Å-¤ÛüMãm-¿km-m¤-hGôÅ-PïÅ- Û̂-±h-GŸÛ-¾Å-h¤º-zºÛü1ü FÛ¤Å-¾ÞGÅ-ÇePÅ-º²Ûm-‚ïh-
¤Dm-HÛ-ºhÝÅ-±ôGÅü2ü ÁÛP-z ô̧º¤-ºyâ¾-¾Å-qºÛ-z ô̧-
ÇeïGÅü3ü ¤Û-GZÛÅ-Ť-hï-¾Å-¤P-z-
Çkôh-źÛ-@Ýz-ÇeïGÅ-¼ÛP-¤ôü‚-hPôÅ-ÁÛG-¾-±h-ºW¾-zº¤-hrh-q-GbôP-Ç+zÅ-zïh-uôh-qºÛ-ºW¾-GŸÛüwm-fôGÅ-»ôh-qºÛüD-Vï¤Å-hP.ü Zïm-ÆâP-¿e-zÞ-mÅ-Mã-mô¼-ÅôGÅ- Û̂-Dï-wm-fôz-¤Dmü1ü wm-fôGÅ-Ť-¤fÞm-qºÛ-Aïm-hÝ-
Administration 50 º²Ûm-BôP-ü
benefit of doubt
benevolence
benevolent fund
bequeath
bequest
bereaved
betray
2ü hGôÅ-hPÞ¾-ºhÝ-ºGôhü
hôGÅ-GŸÛºÛ-Dï-wmü
1ü wm-Åï¤Åü2ü GŸm-wmü
GŸm-wm-fïzÅ-¯ü
1ü Áݾ-º²Ûm-D-Vï¤Å-ºWôG-qü2ü zMãh-vôh-‚ïh-qü
Áݾ-µÅü Áݾ-zŸG
¥-Pm-HÛÅ-môm-qºÛü1ü mP-Gb¤-xÛ¼-Bï¾ü2ü ÇÀâ-zü
ºHã¼-zºÛ-‚-hPôÅü2ü ¤Û-ÇKï¼-ŸÛG-G¤-¾Å-hôm-ŸÛG-¾-
h¤ÛGÅ-qºÛ-hq¾-º‚ô¼-ºhÝ-ºGôh-Û̂-Vïh-GZï¼-¾Å-ºGݾü
FÛ¤Å-fG-GTôh-Ç+zÅ-FÛ¤Å-ºG¾-HÛ-zhïm-hqP-V-¤-±P-zºÛ-hzP-GÛÅ-ZïÅ-¤ïh-hÝ- Û̄-zü1ü ¤Û-GŸm-¾-zhï-BÛh-Cæm-ºhôh- Û̂-
zŤ-qü2ü GŸm-¾-wm-q-Oæz-qºÛ-‚-züGŸm-¾-wm-IôGÅ- Û̂-Vïh-hÝ-h¤ÛGÅ-qºÛ-fïzÅ-¯ü1ü Áݾ-º²Ûm-zhG-fôz- Û̂-D-Vï¤Å-
ºWôG-qü2ü ‚-hPôÅ-GP-ŸÛG-GTÛG-GÛÅ-GŸm-
ŸÛG-¾-vôh-qüÁݾ-º²Ûm-zhG-fôz- Û̂-D-Vï¤Å-zŸG-qºÛ-Mã-mô¼ü¼P-GÛ-hGº-Zï-IôPÅ-qºÛ-¥-Pmü1ü ¤Ûº¤-‚-hPôÅ-ÁÛG-GÛ-Ç+ô¼-HÛ-¼P-
xôGÅ- Û̂-GmÅ-±ß¾-hI-zô¼-¤Dô-vôh-‚ïh-qü
2ü ¼P-¾-»Ûh-VïÅ-„Àô-ºGï¾-‚ïh-
51Administration º²Ûm-BôP-ü
betterment
beverage
bias
bibliography
bicameral
bid
biennial
biennial report
»¼-MÅ-GôP-ºwï¾üzbàP-zü Ç+ô¤üxôGÅ-¿ËàP.ü xôGÅ-¼ÛÅü
hqï-fôü
IôÅ-±ôGÅ- Þ̧P-¿kmü
¼Ûm-GôP-MG-qü
¾ô-GZÛÅ-¼ïºÛü
¾ô-GZÛÅ-¼ïºÛ-ljm-fôü
¤Û¼-h¤-±ÛG-¾-M-¤-ÆâP-z¼-Ÿïm-q-¾ôG-bà-ºWâG-qü
»¼-MÅ-̂ Û-xôGÅ-ÅÞ-Bôh-qºÛ-ºHã¼-züVß-¤-»Ûm-qºÛ-zbàP-zºÛ-¼ÛGÅüô̄h-½‰ôG-fG-GTôh- Û̂-Gmh-hôm-hP-ºƒï¾-zºÛ-iP-zhïm-¤-»Ûm-qºÛ-¿e-±ß¾üô̄¤-q-qô-ŸÛG-GÛ-z¯¤Å-VôÅ- Û̂-¤ÛP-ÅôGÅ-D-Gž-z;ôh-qºÛ-fôº¤- ô̄¤-q-qô-ŸÛG-GÛÅ-z¯¤Å-VôÅ-GP-ŸÛG-ºƒÛ-Ç+zÅ-hïºÛ-mP-¾ÞP-ºiïm-‚Å-qºÛ-hqï-VºÛ-¤ÛP-ÅôGÅ-D-Gž-z;ôh-qºÛ-fô-GŸÝP.üIôÅ-±ôGÅ-GôP-ºôG-GZÛÅ-¿km-HÛ-FÛ¤Å-z ô̧-¿Ëm-±ôGÅü‚-hPôÅ-GP-ŸÛG-¾-Gb¤Å-qºÛ-¼Ûm-GôP-ü¾ô-GZÛÅ-¼ïºÛ-mP-fïPÅ-¤-¼ï-º‚ãP-zºÛ-‚ãP-zü¾ô-GZÛÅ-¼ïºÛ-mP-fïPÅ-¤-¼ï-º‚ãP-zºÛ-ljm-fôü
Administration 52 º²Ûm-BôP-übifurcate
bigamy
bilateral
bilingual
bill
bill of entry
bill of exchange
GZÛÅ-ÅÞ-h‚ï-zü
z¸º-GÅÞ¤-mG-ZïÅü
xôGÅ-GZÛÅ- Û̂ü
Ç+h-GZÛÅ-( Û̂ü)
1ü fôz-º²Ûmü2ü FÛ¤Å-ºV¼ü3ü ¢¼-»ÛG zl-»ÛG
±ôP-F¾-fô-GŸÝP.ü
vôh-º²Ûm-Gm-»ÛG
hݤ-zÞ-GZÛÅ-ÅÞ-zGô-zº¤-»m-¾G-GZÛÅ-ÅÞ-HïÅ-qüBï-zô-GP-ŸÛG-GÛÅ-¼P-GÛ-z¸º-¹-º±ô-GmÅ-»ôh-zŸÛm-hÝ-FÛ¤Å-fôG-mÅ-D-¤-HïÅ-q¼-¹-zô-GŸm-ŸÛG-z®¾-mÅ-GZïm-OÛG-‚Å-qºÛ-mG-ZïÅüxôGÅ-GZÛÅ- Û̂Å-‚Å-qº¤-xôGÅ-GZÛÅ-hP-ºƒï¾-zºÛ-‚-GŸGÇ+h-GZÛÅ-hP-ºƒï¾-zº¤ü »P-m-Ç+h-GZÛÅ-Ám-¢¼ü1ü T-hPôÅ- Û̂-¼Ûm-ºzz-z¤-¾Å-hôm-HÛ-
n¤-IPÅ-ÅôGÅ-z;ôh-qºÛ-º²Ûm-»ÛG
2ü FÛ¤Å-z ô̧-¿Ëm-DP-ŸÛG-¾-Gbm-ºzïzÅ-Vïh-ºV¼-ºzÞ¾-‚Å-qºÛ-FÛ¤Å-»ÛG- Û̧m-ƒÛÅü
3ü ‚ïh-ÇKô-GP-»P-¼ÞP-zºÛ-Ç+ô¼-Gž-zOGÅ- Û̂-¢¼-»ÛG
Áô-F¾-¾Å-DÞPÅ-ÅÞ-xÛ¼-±ôP-P¤ü »P-m-mP-ºiïm-Vïh-º‚ô¼-zºÛ-hPôÅ- ô̧G-fô-GŸÝP.üuÛ¼-M¾-uÛºÛ-±ôP-ºƒï¾-Ç+zÅ-±ôGÅ-q-GTÛG-GÛÅ-GŸm-ŸÛG-¾-hPÞ¾-ºzô¼-PïÅ-Tm-ŸÛG-Bïh-;-¤ïh-q¼-ÇSôm-±ßh-
53Administration º²Ûm-BôP-ümÅ-fG-zTh-qºÛ-¹-±ïÅ-¾-vôh-MãºÛ-z;º-ÁôGhôÅ-̧ ôG-hzô¼-ºiïm-qÅ-zhG-qô¼-vôh-qºÛ-hPôÅ-̧ ôG-GÛ-n¤-IPÅ-hP.ühzô¼-ºiïm-V-Aïm-Gž-zºÛ-»ÛG-Vü¹-¼ï¼-fïPÅ-GZÛÅ-¼ïº¤-¹-z-GZÛÅ-¼ïºÛ-¤±¤Å-ˆÛ-ljm-fôü1ü hqï-hïz-¿Ëà-OÛG-hP.ü Mz-Á-
MG-¤Dmü2ü ÁôG-zÞ-¿ËàG-¤-¤Z¤-hÝ-º²Ûm-
qºÛ-»ô-VÅ-Tm-HÛ-Mz-ÁôG1ü hqï-hïz- Û̂-Mz-¤hÝm-xÛ-Dïzü2ü G»ô¾-hÝ-¤Û-¼ÞP-zºÛ-DÅ-¾ïm-
m¤-¾Å-ºGmüGP-¸G-ÇKï¼-HÛ-Bï-±ïÅ-hP.ü ÁïÅ-±h-Z¤Å-¥ôP-ÅôGÅ- Û̂-¾ô-MãÅ-ljÛP-zÇkÝÅüV-ÁÅ-Ť-xôGÅ-DG-GZÛÅ-»ôh-qºÛüxôGÅ-DG-GZÛÅ- Û̂Å-fÞm-¤ôP-hÝ-zŸG-qºÛ-IôÅ-¤fÞmüBïÅ-¾ô-BïÅ-±ïÅ-hP.ü Bï-»Þ¾üw-¤ºÛ-¤ÛP-zTÅ-z;ôh-qºÛ-GŸÝP-
bill of lading
bimonthly report
binder
binding
bio data
bipartite
bipartiteagreement
birth certificate
hôÅ-º²Ûmü
1ü ¹-xïh-ljm-fôü2ü ¹-GZÛÅ-ljm-fôü1ü hïz-z ô̧-¤Dmü2ü º²Ûm-Dïzü
1ü (hïz- Û̂-)Mz-Áü2ü G»ô¾-fzÅ-¤ïh-qºÛü
¤Û-±ïºÛ-¾ô-MãÅ-ljÛP-zÇkÝÅü
ÁôG-DG-GZÛÅ- Û̂üÁôG-DG-GZÛÅ- Û̂-IôÅ-¤fÞmü
BïÅ-±ïÅ-¾G-ºEï¼ü
Administration 54 º²Ûm-BôP-üºƒï¾-»ÛG-Vüh¤ÛGÅ-zž-Bï-ºGôG-GÛ-fzÅ-¾¤-zïh-uh-hï-¼P-ºhôh-zŸÛm-zÞ-yâG-Bï-ºwï¾-±ôh-º²Ûm-‚ïh-fzÅüBï-hÝÅ- Û̂-±ïÅ-IPÅüBïÅ-qºÛ-ZÛm-¤ôº¤-hïºÛ-¾ô-ºDô¼-HÛ-ZÛm-¤ôüBï-hÝÅ-mÅ-Á-qGÅ- Û̂-ÇeïP-hÝ-»ôh-qºÛ-©ï-zÞ-hP-Á-¤±mü¼P-ZÛh-GP-hÝ-Bï-źÛ-GmÅüÅ-DÞ¾-ŸÛG-GÛ-¤Û-ºzô¼-¾-GŸÛGÅ-qºÛ-yâ-GÝ-WÛ-BïÅ- Û̂-IPÅ-±hü1ü zhÝm-yG-GZÛÅ-¼ï¼-fïPÅ-¼ï-‚ãP-
zºÛü2ü zhÝm-yG-GTÛG-GÛ-mP-fïPÅ-
GZÛÅ-¼ï-‚ãP-zºÛüGŸÝP-GÛ-ÁïÅ-dôGÅ-¤ïh-q¼-¿+ôG-bà-ÇKï¼-DG-GÛ-hPÞ¾-w¼-vôh-±ß¼-¾ïm-‚ïh-źÛ-hq¾-º‚ô¼-HÛ-±m-qüFÛ¤Å-ºG¾-HÛÅ-hPôÅ-¼ÛGÅ-Zô-±ôP-‚ïh-Åü
birth control
birth date
birth day
birth mark
birth place
birth rate
biweekly
black economy
black market
Bï-ºGôG
BïÅ-±ïÅüBïÅ-Ç+¼ü
Á-¤±mü Á-dGÅü
Bï-»Þ¾üBï-ºwï¾-IPÅ-±hü
1ü zhÝm-GZÛÅ-¼ïºÛü2ü zhÝm-¼ï¼-fïPÅ-GZÛÅ-¼ïºÛü
¾ôG-qºÛ-hq¾-º‚ô¼ühq¾-º‚ô¼-mG-qôü
mG-±ôP-Fô¤-¼ü
55Administration º²Ûm-BôP-ü¾Å-¤Û-GŸm-n¤Å- Û̂Å-¾Å-¤±¤Å-Pô-Lô¾-‚ïh-Ç+zÅ-¤Z¤-ŸÝGÅ-¤-‚Å-q¼-¤Þ-¤fÞh-¾Å-;-‚ïh-¤ÛühzP-º²Ûm-q-GTÛG-G¤-hÝ-¤Å-DÅ-¾ïm-hP.ü »Ûh-dôm-¤Û-¼ÞP-z¼- Û̄Å-qºÛ-GP-¸G-G¤-M¾-Dz-ÅôGÅ- Û̂-fô-GŸÝP.üGŸm-HÛ-GÅP-zºÛ-GmÅ-±ß¾-¾¤-mG-ZïÅ-xÛ-zOGÅ-‚-MãºÛ-ÇkÛGÅ-Ç+ݾ-‚Å-bï-hPÞ¾-hPôÅ-Ȥ-ºyôG-‚ïh-qº¤-¼P-GÛ-¾Å-hôm-Oæz-bà-ºWâG-qü¿UGÅ-¼ÛGÅ-zlÝPÅ-mÅ-»ô-‚h-z ô̧-¤Dm-HÛ-¾G-ÁïÅ-z ô̧-¾Å-qüZïÅ-ºGm-G»ôG-qº¤-ljh-ºhôGÅ-qü1ü hPôÅ-qô-GP-ŸÛG-GÛ-ÇeïP-»Û-Gï-
hP.ü G Þ̧GÅ-z½‰mü dGÅ-¿e-zÞ-GP-»P-¤ïh-qü
2ü zŤ-„Àôº¤-ºV¼-ÇoP-HÛÅ-hzïm-qºÛ-Åï¤Åü
hô-zhG-GÛ-¤ÛP-dGÅ-z;ôh-¼ÞP-hPÞ¾-HÛ-IPÅ-ºzô¼-¤-z;ôh-qºÛ-
blackleg
blacklist
blackmail
blacksmith
blame
blank
blank cheque
F¤-q-@P-mGwô-¼ôG-h;¼-qôü
fô-GŸÝP-mG-qôü
¤±P-ºhôm-ÇkÛGÅ-Ç+ݾü
¤G¼-zü ¿UGÅ-z ô̧-zü
DG-h=Ûü Bôm-º²âGÅüDG-h=Û-zü Bôm-º²âGÅ-qü1ü ÇeôP-qü2ü Åï¤Å-ÇeôP.ü >Àh-ÇeôP.ü
TïG-º²Ûm-ÇeôP-qü
Administration 56 º²Ûm-BôP-üTïG-º²Ûm-ŸÛGTïG-º²Ûm-ÅôGÅ-hPÞ¾-DP-GÛ-hPÞ¾-º²Ûm-ÇeïP-vôh-»Þ¾-¤ÛP-Gž-¤-ºDôh-q¼-vôh-º²Ûm-hï-¤Û-ÅÞºÛ-¾G-bà-»ôh-q-hï-¾-vôh-ºfÞÅ-ˆÛ-VôG-¤VmüµÅ-¤ïº¤-ºz¼-µÅ-¿e-zÞºÛ-ÁÝGÅ-iG-Vï-zºÛ-ºz¼-fô¼üD-hôG-¿e-zÞ-¤Z¤-hÝ-zÆï-zº¤-Çkïz-qü¤ÛG-GÛ-hzP-qô-Bôm-Tm-HÛ-ÇÀôz-IÔ1ü IôP-Eï¼-mP-GÛ-DP-q-hÝ-¤-hP.ü
¾¤-GŸÝP-Tm-HÛ-Å-Eôm-Iâ-zŸÛ-m¼-¤ô-ŸÛG
2ü GŸÛ-M-Vï-zºÛ-DP-q-ŸÛG-V-zGôÅ-zbP-zºÛ-±m-qü
ºEãG-»ÛG-¤-»Ûm-qºÛ-»ÛG-G Þ̧GÅüM¾-Dz-hP.ü Å-DÞ¾ü IôP-Eï¼ü¤±ô-D-ÅôGÅ-GP-»P-¼ÞP-z¼-hI-zôÅ-hqÞP-ÁÝGÅ- Û̂Å-±ôP-¾Å-hP-ºIÛ¤-ºIâ¾-HÛ-ºIô-ºôP-z;G-Çkô¤üGbº-¤-Gż-ºWôG-¤-‚Å-q¼-¤-@P-ºw¼-¤-Zô-¤Û-fÞz-qºÛ-GmÅ-ÇePÅü
blankendorsement
blast
blending
blind school
block
block letter
blockade
blockedaccount
¤ÛP-¤ïh-VôG-¤Vmü
ºz¼-GÅü
zÆï-¢ô¼ü¾ôP-zºÛ-ÇÀôz-IÔ1ü IôP-JÀÛP.ü2ü DP-Çkïü
»ÛG-Vïmüz;G-ºGôG
z;G-M-Tm-HÛ- Û̄Å-Fü
57Administration º²Ûm-BôP-üM¾-mP-hÝ-ºIô-MãG-®¤-¾Å-xÛºÛ-zXï-±ôP-Fô¤-¼¼-ºIô-MãG-VßP-zºÛ-hPÞ¾ü ºhÛ-¾-zXï-Nå¼-¤Û-fÞz-qºÛ-hPÞ¾-»P- ï̧¼üuÛ¼-Ǩm-DP-ŸÛG-GÛ-±ôh-¿e-DP-GÛ-Çkï-±m-ŸÛG-Çeïü GP-hÝ-FG-¢Ûm-‚Å-qºÛ-FG-¼ÛGÅ-Åô-Åô¼-xï-Çeï-¤-ºôPÅ-qºÛ-mh-q-±ôºÛ-hGôÅ-¤DôºÛ-Vïh-hÝ-GÅôG-ºWôG-hP-zhG-Z¼-‚ïh-Åümh-q-±ôºÛ-²-iG-GÛ-hGôÅ-¤DôºÛ-Vïh-hÝ-¼P-GÛ-¾ÞÅ-qôºÛ-FG-¢Ûm-qüFG-GÛ-Mãh-q-GTÛG-q-»Ûm-qºÛ-GZïm-ºƒï¾üÇoG-µôz-ºWÛz-‚ïh- Û̂-ÁôG-zÞüz ô̧-IÔºÛ-mP-¾Å-DÞPÅ- Û̂-¾Å-;-¤-»Ûm-qºÛ-P¾- ô̄¾-HÛ-¾Å-¼ÛGÅü1ü DP-qº¤-ºyâ¾-VÅ-¿e-zÞ-z ô̧-
ºV¼-HÛ-z;ôh-q-Mz-¿YôPÅ-ÇSôm-qôºÛ-ÇeïP-fÛG-¼ÛÅ-h;¼-qô-¤Pôm-qºÛ-hqï-¼ÛÅü
2ü ‚-hPôÅ-GP-ŸÛG-±ß¾-WÛ-¿e¼-Oæz-q¼-Çeôm-qºÛ-ºV¼-GŸÛü
¾¤-mô¼-zÇem-qº¤-¤Gô-Ç+ô¼-GbôP-
blocked currency
blood bank
blood donation
blood relations
blotting paper
blue collar job
blueprint
bluff
z;º-M-Tm-HÛ-hPÞ¾ü
FG-¤²ôhü
FG-¢Ûmü
Á-Zïü
B-ÁôG ºWÛz-ÁôGGôP-z-ÇSôm-qôºÛ-¾Å-;ü
1ü ÇSô-¼ÛÅü2ü ºV¼-¼ÛÅü
ô̧G-zÇÀâ-‚ïh-qü
Administration 58 º²Ûm-BôP-üzüÇePÅ-º²Ûm-‚-MãºÛ-hzP-±h-¿km-qºÛ-±ôGÅ-VßP.üDï-¾Å-Ť-OÛG-º²âGÅ-Vï-DG-GÛ-¾Å-hôm-º²Ûm-BôP-Vïh-zh¤Å-qºÛ-¤Û-±ôGÅ-ÁÛG1ü DP-JÀ-hP-¿eô-¼Ûm-vh-mÅ-Çkôh-
¤Dm-m¤-¿eô-¼Ûm-vh-mÅ-¸-¤-¸-¤Dmü
2ü Gbm-ºWGÅ-ÇÀôz-IÔºÛ-mP-Çkôh-¤Dm-HÛ-ÇÀôz-yâG
hqôm-¼ÛGÅ-¿e-zÞºÛ-GP-¸G-TÛG-¾-Zïm-ÆâP-‚ïh-qôüºDô¼-¤hº-GTÛG-hP-ºDô¼-¾ô-GZÛÅ-Ť-ºDô¼-¤hº-GZÛÅ-hP-ºDô¼-¾ô-zŸÛºÛ-ÇeïP-GmÅ-qºÛ-¤ï-ºDô¼-HÛ-DP-Oô¤ü«åG-D-Vïm-qô-hP-ÇoG-±-G¼-qôÅ-ƒÛÅ-q-¿e-zÞºÛ-»ÛG-G Þ̧GÅüºz¼-µÅ-G»ÞG-mÅ-w¼-Lô¾-‚ïh-±ß¾ü1ü Åï¤Å-q-n¤-hG-G¤-G»ô-¿Ëh-¤ïh-
qºÛ-ÇKô-mÅ-Oæz-qºÛü
board
board ofdirectors
boarder
bodyguard
bogey/bogie
bold letter
bombardment
bonafide
¿Ëm-MÅü
PïÅ-Çeôm-¿Ëm-MÅü
1ü GmÅ-JÀ¼-Çkôh-¤Dmü2ü Gbm-Çkôh-ÇÀôz-yâG
Ç+Ý-ÆâP-zü
¼Û-¾ÛºÛ-DP-¤ÛG
»Û-Gï-ºzÞ¼-mG
ºz¼-¤hï¾-Lô¾-lÝP.ü1ü Åï¤Å-q-n¤-hG-GÛ2ü Pô-¤ü
59Administration º²Ûm-BôP-ü2ü DÞPÅ-¿km-hP-zTôÅ-¿Ëh-¤ïh-qüÅï¤Å-q-n¤-hG-G¤-zTôÅ-¿Ëh-¤ïh-qºÛ-DÞPÅ-Bï¾ü Pô-¤-»Ûm-qºÛ-zhïm-dGÅü1ü xôGÅ-GZÛÅ-Ť-hÝ-¤Å-¯-
ºG¾-¤Û-‚ïh-q¼-DÅ-„ÀPÅ-qºÛ-IôÅ-¤fÞmü
2ü GŸÝP-P¤-Dï-¾Å-ÁÛG-GÛÅ-hPÞ¾-zÞm-ºWôG-¤Dm-¾-Gbm-ºzïzÅ-hÝÅ-±ïÅ-ÁÛG-¾-¤-Bïh-IPÅ-±P-vôh-MãºÛ-»Û-Gï
JÀ-zô¼-ºWôG-¤Dm-ŸÛG-GÛÅ-¼P-GÛ-JÀ-z-±ô¼-Bïh-;-¤fô-zºÛ-zÞ-¾ôm-G»¼-XïÅü zÞ-¾ôm-¾ïm-¤Dm-HÛ-zÞ-¼zÅ-±-Mãh- Û̂Å-¤Û-±ï-ÉÛ¾-qô¼-¾Å-JÀ-VßP-PÞºÛ-P¾-¯ô¾-‚Å-bï-zÞ-¾ôm-vôh-ºW¾-HÛ-FÛ¤Å-ºG¾-HÛ-¾¤-¾ÞGÅ-ÁÛG¾Å-;ºÛ-Iâz-ºƒÅ-z¸P-qô-»ôP-z¼-h¤ÛGÅ-bï-vôh-MãºÛ-JÀ-wôGÅ-ºw¼-¤ühÝÅ-±ôh-PïÅ-Tm-ŸÛG-GÛ-mP-JÀ-ºzz-ºw¼-¤-vôh-qºÛ-¾¤-Æô¾ü±ôP-hôm-Zô-±ôP-ÅôGÅ- Û̂-Vïh-hPÞ¾-
bonafides
bond
bonded labour
bonus
bonus system
book
zhïm-hqP-Mz-GZï¼ü
1ü Gm-Mü2ü Gm-º²Ûmü
P¾- ô̄¾-Gbº-G»ôG
ºzz-Çoômü
ºzz-Çoôm-vôh-Æô¾ü
Û̄Å-hïzü
Administration 60 º²Ûm-BôP-üºzz-vôh-¾ïm-ºGôh-hïzü±ôP-ºƒï¾-HÛ- Û̄Å-F-ºGôh-źÛ-¤-hïzü
£G-DP-zMãh-mÅ-hïz- Û̂-¼ÛGÅ-GbôP-ÇePÅüFô¤-¼ºÛ-mP-hPôÅ-qô-ŸÛG-¾-hPôÅ-ÅÞ-¼Ûm-fP-TÛ-®¤-DÞG-¤Ûm-¾-¤-¿eôÅ-q¼-uÛ-ºIôÅ-®¤-hÝ-z;ôh-qºÛ-¼Ûm-fP.ü¹ôÅ-G¼-DP-hP.ü ºIâ¾-Bôh-ÅôGÅ- Û̂-Vïh-ÇSôm-±ßh-mÅ-º²Ûm-ÁôG-¤PGÅ-Zô-‚ïh-qü¿eh-¤ô-hP.ü ºIâ¾-ºDô¼-ÅôGÅ- Û̂-¾G-º²Ûm-Zô-ÅüZô-±ôP-hP.ü vôh-¾ïm- Û̄Å-F-fô-ºGôh-‚ïh-qôüZô-±ôP-hP-ü vôh-¾ïm-HÛ- Û̄Å-F-Vïh-Z¼-HÛ-¾Å-;üÁôG-zÞºÛ-Mz-Á-Tm-HÛ-hqï-hïz-VßP-PÞ.ühGôÅ-q-h¤ÛGÅ-zž-ÇÀh-hÝ-¾ôGÅ-ÅÞ-zTh-qºÛ-DP-VßP.ü
book ofaccounts
book post
book value
booking
booking office
book-keeper
book-keeping
booklet
booth
Û̄Å-FºÛ-hïzü
hïz-£G
hïz-z;ôh-¤-GmÅü
ÇSôm-¤PGÅü zÞG-;ÛP.ü
zÞG-;ÛP-¾Å-DÞPÅü
hïz-GZï¼-zü
hïz-GZï¼-¾Å-¼ÛGÅü
hïz-VßP.üuÛ¾-zÞü ( Þ̧¼-zTh-)DP-zÞü
61Administration º²Ûm-BôP-üºôÅ-ÁôG-ºwïm-źÛ-uÛ¾-zÞ-hqÞP-ÁÝGÅ- Û̂Å-±ß¾-¤Ûm-ÇePÅ-º²Ûm-‚ïh-qüh‚ï-¤±¤Å-¤±ôm-‚ïh- Û̂-fÛGGŸm-ŸÛG-mÅ-hPÞ¾-hPôÅ-zÞ-¾ôm-hÝ-¾ïm-qühPÞ¾-hPôÅ-ÅôGÅ-GŸm-mÅ-zÞ-¾ôm-¾ïm-¤DmüDï-¾Å-ÁÛG-GÛÅ-hPÞ¾-ºzô¼-wôm-Vï-G»ô¼-¾ïm-‚-MãºÛ-mÝÅ-qüOÛG-º²âGÅ-DG-GÛ-ºGm-ºDÞ¼-‚ïh-qôü1ü GŸÝP-¾¤-¤¤-Ç~ä-GÝ-¿e-zÞºÛ-y-
ź¤-hôG-Åü2ü »¼-MÅ-Ť-fôm-Bïh-¾-z¼-hÝ-
GTôh-qºÛ-Aïmü3ü Áï¾-h¤-ÅôGÅ- Û̂-Ç+ï-y-Åü4ü ‚-hPôÅ-ÁÛG-Oæz-q¼-ºG¾-Aïm-
‚ïh-qº¤-z¼-Vh-GbôP-zü1ü hPÞ¾- Û̄Å- Û̂- Û̄Å-ÁôG-fôG-»ôP-
ºzz-z¤-HôP-GÝm-ºGôh-źÛ-fÛG
2ü G¾-Gmh-G®ô-zôº¤-Gmh-
booth capturing
border line
borrow
borrower
borrowing power
boss
bottleneck
bottom line
uÛ¾-zÞ-z®m-z Þ̧P.ü
¤±¤Å-fÛGBÛ-zü G»¼-zü
BÛ-¤Dmü G»ô¼-¤Dmü
G»ô¼-BÛºÛ-mÝÅ-qü
hqômü
1ü ºGG-hôG-Åü2ü ºGôG-Aïmü3ü h¤-zïºÛ-Ç+ïü4ü ºGôG-Aïm-z ô̧-zü
1ü ŸzÅ-fÛG2ü Gmh-ºGG-Vï-ÁôÅü
Administration 62 º²Ûm-BôP-üºGG-Vï-ÁôÅüh‚ï-¤±¤Å-Ť-¤fº-¤±¤Åüh‚ï-¤±¤Å-¤±ôm-qºÛ-dGÅüPô-Lô¾-¤±ôm-‚ïh-hÝ-hPôÅ-µÅ-Zô-±ôP-uôh-GÅÞ¤-hP.ü ‚ïh-ÇKô¼-¤Z¤-ŸÝGÅ-¤Û-‚ïh-qüGž-D-ºhôm-MãºÛ-±ÛG-zXôh-ÅôGÅ-ºWâG-źÛ-GÝG-dGÅü±ÛG-zXôh-ÅôGÅ-GÝG-dGÅ- Û̂-mP-hÝ-ºWâG-qü¤DÅ-q-hP.ü ºyâ¾-¾Å-¾G-¯¾-Tm-HÛ-¤Û-Ço-M¾-Dz-z¤-Å-GmÅ-GTÛG-mÅ-¤fÞm-Aïm-z¸P-źÛ-Å-GmÅ-GŸm-hÝ-GmÅ-Çtô-‚Å-qºÛ-Aïm-HÛÅ-¤ÛºÛ-mÝÅ-ÁÝGÅ-¤Û-ºhP-zºÛ-GmÅ-ÅÞ-H¼-züÇoݤ-ºDô¼-¿e-zÞ-D-ºGôG-qº¤-h¾-hÝ-GbôP-‚ïh- Û̂-±ôh-º²Ûm-¤-¾G¾Å-DÞPÅ-¿eï-z-GTÛG-GÛ-»-H¾-HÛ-¾Å-DÞPÅüFô¤-¼ºÛ-mP-Dï-¾Å-;¤-q-mÛ-¿e-zÞÅ-Åô-ÅôºÛ-fôm-µÅ-hP.ü GŸm-HÛ-fôm-µÅ-
boundary
boundary mark
boycott
bracket
bracketing
brain drain
brake
branch office
brand
¤±¤Åü¤±¤Å-dGÅüºƒï¾-fG-GTôh-qüxÛ¼-¿kôG
Áh-GÝG
Áh-GÝG-mP-ºWâG-qü
>Àh-q-xÛ-Áô¼ü ¤DÅ-q-xÛ-Áô¼ü
ºGôG
»m-¾G-¾Å-DÞPÅü
±ôP-dGÅü ¾Å-dGÅü
63Administration º²Ûm-BôP-üh‚ï-º‚ïh-Gž-qô-»ôP-fzÅ- Û̂-dGÅ-hP-¤ÛP-ÅôGÅüOÛG-FÛ¤Å-Ť-FÛ¤Å-hôm-HÛ-ºGm-DÞ¼-hP.ü DÅ-¾ïm-¿e-zÞ- Û̄Å-¤ïh-lôG-¼ô¾-GbôP-züVôh-Gm-HÛ-ºƒâ-hôm-¾-¤-GmÅ-qºÛ-ºG¾-º²ô¾ü¤P-±ôGÅ- Û̂-ŸÛ-zhï-¿ËÛP-ºWGÅ-¾-Gmôh-GŸÛºÛ-OÛG-ºG¾-HÛ-uôh-±ß¾üDÅ-„ÀPÅ-qºÛ-h¤-zTº-¾-¤-GmÅ-q-Çeïü ¿ËG-q¼-hÝ-GZïm-OÛG-‚-MãºÛ-h¤-zTº-hP-ºG¾-züÅô-Åô¼-zTPÅ-qºÛ-»Ûh-VïÅ-Ť-¾Å-ºGm- Û̄Å-¤ïh-GbôP-zü1ü Iâz-VºÛ-V-ÁÅ-Åô-Åô¼-h‚ï-zü2ü ºyâ¾-VÅ-¿e-zÞºÛ-‚ïh-¾Å-
ºGG-qº¤-mÝÅ-¤ïh-hÝ-Hã¼-qü‚-hPôÅ-GP-ŸÛG-‚ïh-¤±¤Å-Vh-q-hP.ü ºHã¼-zº¤-ºGG-źÛ-¤±¤Åü±ôP- ô̧P-VG-Bôm-m¤-zô¼-z½ÀG-Áô¼-z¼-GÝm-GÅz-‚ïh-±ß¾ü
breach
breach of contract
breach of peace
breach of promise
breach of trust
break down
break point
breakage
Gh¾-zÁÛG ºG¾-º²ô¾ü
Vôh-Gm-ºG¾-º²ô¾ü
ŸÛ-zhï-Gh¾-zÁÛG
D-hm-±ÛG-¾-¤-GmÅ-qü
»Ûh-VïÅ-ºG¾-º²ô¾ü
1ü V-GÅïÅ-GbôP-zü2ü mÝÅ-¤ïh-hÝ-Hã¼-qü
Vh-¤±¤Åü ºHã¼-¤±¤ÅüºGG-¤±¤Åü
VG-Bôm-D-GÅzü
Administration 64 º²Ûm-BôP-ü1ü M¾-Dz-z¤-±ôGÅ-Çkï-¿e-zÞ-D-fô¼-
hÝ-xÛm-qü2ü z¸º-±P-P¤-IôGÅ-qôºÛ-ºƒï¾-
¾¤-¿e-zÞ-Vh-qü¤ÛÅ-zhG-bà-z Þ̧P-zºÛ-¼ÛGÅ-GTÛG-qºÛ-hÝh-ºIôºÛ-mP-GÅïÅ- Û̂-Mãh-q-‚ï-ƒG-q-ŸÛGÆôG-VGÅ-hP- Û̄-ÁÛP-Bï-ºwï¾-‚ïh-¤Dm-HÛ-GP-¸GÆôG-VGÅ-hP- Û̄-ÁÛP-¼ÛGÅ-¤fÞm-qº¤-¤Û-¤fÞm-q-wm-±ßm-¢ô¼-Çkïz- Û̂Å-Mãh-Çtï¾-‚ïh-qüzXôh-q-fÞP-PÞ¼-uôh-±ß¾üVP-¼G-z ô̧-IÔ¼P-hôm-Oæz-Vïh-hÝ-¿+ôG-bà-vôh-qºÛ-M㺤-hPôÅ-qôü¿+ôG-Qm-vïôh-¾ïm-HÛ-‚-uôhü1ü hôm-Gž-¾-±ÛG-ZÝP-zºÛ-zXôh-qü2ü z;ôh-‚ãÅ-¾¤-Çeôm-m¤-ÇSôm-±ßh-hÝ-
GmÅ-±ß¾-MãÅ-Çeôm-‚ïh-qü¤Û-ŸÛG-¾-z;ôh-‚ãÅ-¾¤-Çeôm-m¤-ÇSôm-
break-up
breed
breeder
breeding
brevity
brewery
bribe
bribery
brief
briefing
1ü D-ºfô¼-züÅÛ¾-zÞ¼-ºfô¼-zü
2ü ºƒï¾-fG-Vh-qü
Mãh-qü
Mãh-Çtï¾-‚ïh-qôü
Mãh-Çtï¾ü
ÇkÝh-qºÛ-¼P-zŸÛmüVP-¼G-z ô̧-IÔ¿+ôG-Qmü
¿+ôG-Qm-vôh-¾ïmü1ü Gmh-zÇkÝÅü2ü MãÅ-Çeôm-‚ïh-qü
MãÅ-Çeômü
65Administration º²Ûm-BôP-ü±ßh-hÝ-MãÅ-Çeôm-‚ïh-±ß¾ühqÞP-Çkï-hP.ü ¤hº-ÁôG-GÛ-IPÅ-PïÅ-Tm-¤ïh-qºÛ-h¤G-ÇkïºÛ-±m-qüEh-hÝ-ºwGÅ-qºÛ-ÁïÅ-¼z-¤Pº-züz½‰m-ºyÛm-m¤-½ÀâP-ºyÛm-HÛ-¾Å-¼Û¤-¤P-±ôGÅ- Û̂-Vïh-M-Ez-bà-zÆÛPÅ-qüÁôG-¿Ëï-Vïm-qôºÛ-ÇeïP-q¼-z;ôh-‚Å-qºÛ-Ez-zOGÅüOÛG-º²âGÅ-Ť-fôm-µÅ-ÁÛG-GÛ-Ç+ô¼-q¼-¼ÛÅ-Tm-HÛ-Pô-vôh-hÝ-z½‰m-hïz-VßP-PÞºÛ-¼ÛGÅ-ÁÛG±ôP-q-wm-±ßm-hz¼-Pô-±z-‚Å-Çeï-Zô-±ôP-‚Å-qºÛ-VP-¼Ûm-¾ïm-¤Ûü1ü z¼-±ôP-‚ïh-qôºÛ-¾Å-hômü2ü z¼-±ôP-‚ïh-qô¼-vh-MãºÛ-JÀ-Vü¾Å-hôm-‚ï-ƒG-q-ŸÛG-GÛ-Vïh-hÝ-GbP-MãºÛ-hPÞ¾-ºzzü¾Å-hôm-Vï-Gï-¤ôºÛ-Vïh-ºV¼-hPÞ¾-zGô-ºIï¤Å-MÅ-zThü
brigade
brilliant
broadcast
broadsheet
brochure
broker
brokerage
budget
budget allocation
h¤G-Çkïü
¼ÛG-¯¾-TmüMP-ÆÛP-‚ïh-qü
zOGÅ-ÁôG-Vïm-¤ôü
Pô-vôh-hïz-VßP.ü
z¼-±ôP-qü z¼-Dï-zü
1ü z¼-Dï-zºÛ-±ôP-¾Åü2ü z¼-DïüÇSôm- Û̄Åü
ÇSôm- Û̄Å-zGô-ºIï¤Åü
Administration 66 º²Ûm-BôP-üM¾-Dz-¿e-zÞ-wm-±ßm-¤Û-¤fÞm-q-GZÛÅ-Û̂-z¼-hÝ-GmÅ-qºÛ-GôP-zÞ-wÞP-GÅÞ¤-qü¤ÛºÛ-ºhÝG-GmÅ-Ť-hPôÅ-µÅ-ºWôG-źÛ- Û̄G-hPôÅ- Û̂-¤ÛP.ü1ü zôPÅ-±h-h¤-Eôm-ºzô¼-Vïm-qôü2ü Iâ-G Û̧PÅ- Û̂-hôÅ- ô̧G-G¤-hï-hG-
ºWôG-źÛ-GmÅühï-¤-fG-bà-q¼-Cæm-m¤-MP-zÆÛPÅ-‚-MãºÛ-GŸÝP-ºƒï¾-Gż-GmÅ-Gž-zOGÅü1ü Çoݤ-ºDô¼-ÅôGÅ- Û̂-Mz-¤hÝm-hÝ-
zÇK¼-zºÛ-zlz-ÁÝGÅ-¾ïm-‚ïh- Û̂-ºHÛG-G¤-¿UGÅ-¼ÛGÅ-m¼-¤ôü
2ü Mãm-¿km-¾Å-¿ËG-qºÛ-ºzï¾-qôüMãm-¿km-hP-¤Û-ºi-zºÛ-Çeôm-ºƒÅ-¾ïGÅ-qôü1ü ¯¾-¾¤-ºWôm-fP-hzïm-qºÛü2ü ¾G-q-G®ô-zô¼-‚Å-qºÛ-¾ÞÅ-qôºÛ-
ºGݾ-Bôh- Û̂-¯¾-¾G-¤ïh-qü1ü ¾Å-ÇÀ-zô¼-ºDÞ¼-¤Û-fÞz-qºÛ-¾ÞÅ-
Åï¤Å-GP-¼ÞP-GÛ-lôG-FïÅ-¿UÛ-¤ôü2ü Iâ-G Û̧PÅ-ÁÛG-GÛÅ-EôG-±ôh- Û̂-
hôÅ- ô̧G
buffer
building
bulk
bulletin
bumper
bumper crop
bungling
burden
z¼-GmÅü
DP-qü
1ü wôm-Vïmü2ü Iâ-hôÅü
Iâ-G Û̧PÅ- Û̂-hôÅ-DP.ü(GŸÝP-ºƒï¾ü)Gż-ºyÛmü
1ü zlz-¾ïmü „ˤ-q¼ü2ü VïÅ-ºzï¾-qôü
¾ô-¾ïGÅü
1ü ÁïÅ-ºWôm-¤ïh-qºÛü2ü ¯¾-¾G-¤ïh-qºÛü
1ü DÞ¼-¿UÛü2ü IâºÛ-EôG-±hü
67Administration º²Ûm-BôP-ü1ü GŸÝP-ŸÛG-GÛ-¾Å-DÞPÅ-Ť-
¾Å-DÞPÅ-ÁÛG-GÛ-mP-GÅïÅ-±m-qü
2ü GmÅ-±ß¾-zÇkÝ-¾ïm-m¤-¤Dô-vôh-‚ïh-¤Dm-HÛ-Dï-¾Å-Ť-OÛG-º²âGÅ-ÁÛG
GŸÝP-ŸÛG-GÛ-º²Ûm-BôP-Çeïü GŸÝP-hïºÛ-hqôm-¼ÛGÅ-±P-¤-hP-¾Å-DÞPÅ-±P-¤ºÛ-uÛºÛ-¤ÛP.üJÀô-zÞ¼-hÝ-‚ãP-zºÛ-GÅ-ºfô¼-¼¤-ºz¼-GÅü1ü ¼P-GÛ-º±ô-dïm-HÛ-¾Å-;-G®ô-zôü2ü ±ôP-¾Å-Ťü z ô̧-¾Åü
Vïh-¾Å-zTÅ- Û̂-Zô-±ôP-¾Å-hômü
¤Û-GŸm-ŸÛG-GÛ-Vïh-hÝ-±ôP-hôm-GZï¼-¤Dm-HÛ-Pô-±zü±ôP-ºƒï¾-¾¤-z ô̧-¾Å- Û̂-¾Å-¼ÛGÅ-‚ïh-qôühï-ÇS¼-z®ôPÅ- Û̧m-qº¤-zhG-qºÛ-hPôÅ-qô-GP-ŸÛG-ÇÀ¼-»P-Zô-züT-hPôÅ-¿e-zÞ-¼Ûm-ºzz-vh-hï-Zô-¤Dmü
bureau
bureaucracy
burst
business
business agent
businessman
buy-back
buyer
1ü GŸÝP-¾Å-DP.ühôm-GTôh-DP.ü
2ü GmÅ-±ß¾-zÇkÝ-vôh-¾Å-DÞPÅü
hqôm-hzP-ÆÛh-GŸÝP-¼ÛP-¾ÞGÅü
JÀô-zÞ¼-ºz¼-GÅü
±ôP-¾Åü
±ôP-hôm-Pô-±z-qü
±ôP-qü
ÇÀ¼-Zôü
Zô-¤Dmü
Administration 68 º²Ûm-BôP-ü¾G-qºÛ- ô̄¾-z-¾-zdïm-qºÛü
»Û-Gï-ÅôGÅ-£G-DP-zMãh-mÅ-GbôP-züIôÅ-±ôGÅ-ºfÞÅ-¤Û-¿e-zÞ-ŸÛG-¾Å-hÝÅ-¤-G®P-GôP-±ï-¾Å-ºhÅ-qº¤ühGôPÅ-ŸÝ-‚Å-qºÛ-@P-±z-Gh¤-MãºÛ-ºôÅ-zÇkÝüOÛG-º²âGÅ-ÁÛG-GÛÅ-¼P-ZÛh- Û̂-º²Ûm-BôP-ÇePÅ-º²Ûm-Vïh-hÝ-z ô̧Å-qºÛ-h¤Û‡-zž-HÛ-FÛ¤Å-hP-OÛG-GŸÛü1ü I⺤-Iâ-G Û̧PÅ-mP-GÛ-¤Û-Z¾-źÛ-
DP-VßP.ü2ü ÁÛP-mGÅ- Û̂-Fôh-hÝ-z ô̧Å-qºÛ-ÁÛP-
DP-VßP-VßP.ü3ü Gm¤-Iâ-hP-¤Dº-IâºÛ-mP-ºIâ¾-
q-Çkôh-ÅüM¾-Dz- Û̂-hzÞ-º²Ûm-HÛÅ-GŸÝP-GÛ-º²Ûm-BôP-¾Å-DÞPÅ-Ťü ¿Ëm-DP-DG-GÛ-ºGô-FÛh-h¤ü ºGm-DÞ¼-‚ïh-qô¼-zÇ+ôÅ-qºÛ-z;º-„Àôm-¿Ëm-±ôGÅü¤±ô-ºôG-¿UGÅ-Ç+Ýh-zMãh-mÅ-xÛ-M¾-hÝ-GbôP-zºÛ-b¼-ºyÛmü1ü OÛG-º²âGÅ-Vï-z-ŸÛG-GÛ-z;ôh-OÛG-
by hand
by post
bye election/byelection
bye law/by law
cabin
cabinet
cablegram
cadre
¾G- ô̄¾-¾-zdïm-qºÛü¾G-fôG£G-fôGD-Ç+ôP-ºôÅ-zÇkÝü
mP-FÛ¤Åü
;ï-zÛmü
z;º-ÁG
¤±ô-ºôG-b¼-ºyÛmü
1ü @P-¾ïm-¾Å-‚ïhü
69Administration º²Ûm-BôP-ü¾-PïÅ-q¼-¤Dô-zºÛ-¢ôP-zl¼-Tm-HÛ-¤Û-Vü
2ü ;ü Gż-zXïºÛ-±ôGÅ-q-ŸÛG-GÛ-Dï-wm-HÛ-ÇÀh-hÝ-¾Å-TÛ-»P-Oæz-fÞz-qºÛ-Èà¼-z¯ôm-¤Û-ÇoºÛ-Çkï-DG
Dü hï-¿e-zÞºÛ-Èà¼-z ô̄m-hqÞP-DG-GÛ-±ôGÅ-¤Û-ŸÛG
Gôh-VG-Vïm-qô-hP-ÇkÝG-zÇS¾-iG-qô-»ôP-GŸÛºÛ-hôm-AïmüÛ̄Å-ºƒÅ-ºhôm-q¼-z;ô¾-zºÛ-ºyâ¾-VÅ-VßP-IÅ-ÁÛGÍP- Û̄Å-Ť-Gbm-±ÛGÅ-¼ÛG-qºÛ-fzÅ-¾-zdïm-mÅ- Û̄Å-zÇ+ô¼-zº¤-fG-GTôh-‚ïh-fzÅü1ü calculating machine ¾-
¿eôÅü2ü Û̄Å-Ť- Û̄Å-MG-ºyâ¾-ºDô¼-
z;ô¾-uôh-¾-¤DÅ-qü¾ô-GTÛG-GÛ-¹-hÝÅ-±ïÅ-IPÅ-ÅôGÅ-z;ôh-qºÛ-¾ô-fô-ÁôG-AP-¤º¤-ÁôG-¿Ëï-ZÝP-ÁÅ-Tmü¾ô-GTÛG-¹-z-zTß-GZÛÅ-ÅÞ-zGôÅ-qºÛ-V-GTÛG
calamity
calculatingmachine
calculation
calculator
calendar
calendar month
OÛG-IÅ-¾Å-‚ïhüÇ+¾-IÅ-¾Å-‚ïhü
2ü ;ü (Gż-zXïºÛ-)Èà¼-z ô̄m-hqÞP-Çkïü
Dü (Gż-zXïºÛ-)Èà¼-z ô̄m-qü
Aïm-Pm-±zÅ-Vïü
Û̄Å-MG-ºyâ¾-ºDô¼ü
Û̄Å-MG
1ü Û̄Å-MG-ºyâ¾-ºDô¼ü2ü Û̄Å-¤Dmü
¾ô-fôü ¹-fôü
xÛ-¹ü
Administration 70 º²Ûm-BôP-ücalendar year
calling
camp
campaign
campus
cancel
xÛ-¾ôü
º±ô-fzÅ-¾Å-¼ÛGÅü
ÇK¼ü
1ü h¤G-ºGݾü2ü ¾Å-ºGݾü
1ü Dô¼-»ÞG2ü ÇÀôz-GZï¼-HÛ-¤Û-±ïü
1ü ¤ïh-q¼-z ô̧-zü2ü z;ô¾-dGÅ-MG-qü3ü mÝÅ-¤ïh-z ô̧-zü
xÛ-¹-1±ïÅ-1mÅ-xÛ-¹-12±ïÅ-31z¼-HÛ-hÝÅ-»Þmü¤Û-Åô-Åô¼-¢ôP-zl¼-hP-ÇÀôz-¢ôP-fôz-qºÛ-¾Å-¼ÛGÅüh¤G-¤Ûº¤ü ºƒôG-qü ºIâ¾-q-¿e-zÞºÛ-ºy¾-Åï¾-Çkôh-GmÅ- Û̂-Vïh-hÝ-Gݼ-hP.ü uÛ¾-zÞ-¿e-zÞ-ÅôGÅ-I-zOÛGÅ-qºÛ-Å-Vü1ü h¤ÛGÅ-»Þ¾-Vïm-qô-ŸÛG-ºIâz-ÇÀh-
¼Û¤-q¼-zMz-qºÛ-h¤G-ºfzü2ü h¤ÛGÅ-»Þ¾-Vï-Gï-¤ô-ŸÛG-GÛ-ÇÀh-
hÝ-±-±-ºÞ¼-ºÞ¼-hÝ-Çtï¾-zºÛ-¾Å-hômü
1ü ¤fô-ÇÀôz-z¤-ÇÀôz-IÔ-ÅôGÅ- Û̂-DP-q-hP.ü hïºÛ-¤fº-Ç+ô¼-HÛ-Å-V-»ôPÅ-µôGÅü
2ü ¤fô-ÇÀôz- Û̂-¤Û-±ïº¤-ÁïÅ-»ôm-HÛ-h Û̂¾-ºDô¼ü
1ü I-OÛG-‚Å-̧ Ûm-qºÛ-‚-GŸG-TÛG-¤Û-hGôÅ-qºÛ-fG-GTôh-‚ïh-qü
2ü £G-dGÅ-¿e-zÞ¼-zïh-uôh-‚Å- Û̧m-qºÛ-dGÅ-zMz-Çeï-»P-zB¼-zïh-uôh-¤ïh-q-z ô̧-zü
3ü FÛ¤Å-fôG-GÛ-ºGm-ŸÛG-mÝÅ-¤ïh-z ô̧-zº¤-¤ïh-q¼-z ô̧-zü
71Administration º²Ûm-BôP-ücancellation
candidate
candidature
cantonment
canvassing
capability
capable
1ü ¤ïh-q¼-z ô̧-zü2ü z;ô¾-dGÅü3ü mÝÅ-¤ïh-z ô̧-zü
ºôÅ-GŸÛü ºôÅ-¤Ûü
ºôÅ-GŸÛºÛ-GmÅ-zzÅü
h¤G-ÇK¼üºôÅ-ÁôG-Ç+ݾ-ÇÀôP.ü
ºWôm-fP.ü
ºWôm-fP-Tmü
1ü ÇS¼-I-OÛG-‚Å- Û̧m-qº¤üfG-zTh-qºÛ-¾Å-hôm-ŸÛG-XïÅ-Åô¼-¤Û-hGôÅ-qºÛ-fG-GTôhü
2ü £G-dGÅ-¿e-zÞ-zB¼-hÝ-zïh-uôh-¤ïh-q-z ô̧-MãºÛ-dGÅü
3ü FÛ¤Å-hôm-HÛ-ºGm-ºFÛ-¿e-zÞ-¾G-zÇe¼-¤Û-hGôÅ-qº¤ü Û̄-ºWôG-¤Û-hGôÅ-q-z ô̧-zºÛ-‚-GŸG
1ü ¾Å-GmÅ-Ť-ºôÅ-ºhï¤Å-‚Å-qºÛ-Gô-GmÅ-ºfôz-fzÅ- Û̂-ºIm-Çkݼ-mP-ŸÝGÅ-¤Ûü
2ü Gô-GmÅ-hP.ü ‚-hGºü Vï-zÇeôh-ÅôGÅ- Û̂-ÇÀh-hÝ-ºôÅ-¢ô¼-‚Å-qºÛ-Bï-zôü
ºôÅ-GŸÛºÛ-DôPÅ-ÅÞ-GbôGÅ-qºÛ-GmÅ-ÇePÅüh¤G-¤Û-GmÅ-Çkôh-‚ïh-źÛ-ÇK¼üºôÅ-ÁôG-ºwïm-¤Dm-n¤Å-¾-Ç+ݾ-ÇÀôP-‚ïh-fzÅü¾Å-hôm-¾ïGÅ-qô-‚ïh-fÞz-qºÛ-mÝÅ-q-¿km-qºÛ-¼P-zŸÛmü¾Å-hôm-¾ïGÅ-qô-‚ïh-fÞz-qºÛ-mÝÅ-q-hP-¿km-qü
Administration 72 º²Ûm-BôP-ücapacity
capital
capital account
capitalexpenditure
capitalinvestment
1ü ÁôP-±hü2ü ;ü ºWôm-fP.ü
Dü (fôm-Bïh- Û̂-)¤P-¤fºÛ-±hü
3ü ºGmü4ü hzP-Vü
1ü ¤-¯ü ¤-º²âGÅü2ü ;ü M¾-Åü
Dü ¿eï-GmÅü3ü G®P-zhG-D¼-hzP.ü
1ü ¤-º²âGÅ- Û̄Å-Fü2ü ¤-GmÅ- Û̄Å-Fü
¤-¯ºÛ-ºIô-Iômü¤-º²âGÅ-ºIô-Iômü¤-º²âGÅü
1ü DP-q-hP.ü Çoôh-¿e-zÞºÛ-mP-WÛ-®¤-ÁôP-zºÛ-±hü
2ü ;ü ¾Å-;-‚ïh-qº¤-fôm-Bïm-‚ïh-fÞz-qºÛ-mÝÅ-qü
Dü fôm-Bïh-¤P-¤fºÛ-±hü3ü ¤Û-ŸÛG-GÛ-¾Å-;ºÛ-ºGmü4ü FÛ¤Å-fôG-GÛ-ºôÅ-zzÅ-Ť-hzP-
±hü1ü D¼-hzP-M-Bïh- Û̂-Vïh-hÝ-¤-
º²âGÅ-‚-MãºÛ-h¤ÛGÅ-dïmü2ü ;ü GŸÝP-GÛ-¿eï-GmÅü
Dü ¾Å-ºGݾ-Vï-Gï-¤ôº¤-z ô̧-¾Å- Û̂-zÇeÛ-GmÅü
3ü ±ôP-¾Å-ÁÛG-GÛ-Mã-hPôÅ-¾Å-GŸm-¾-vôh-ÇKô-WÛ-»ôh-ºyÛÅ- Û̧m-qºÛ-¿ËG-¤ü
1ü M¾-Dz-TÛG-GÛ-mP-M¾-uÛºÛ-uÛ-ÇKï¼-ÅÞ-¼ÞP-GÛÅ-¤-¯-zŸG-q-hP-ü M¾-Dz-hï-mÅ-xÛºÛ-M¾-Dz-hÝ-¤-¯-zŸG-q-GZÛÅ- Û̂-z¼-Ehü
2ü ±ôP-¾Å-ÁÛG-GÛ-hÝÅ-¤±¤Å-PïÅ-Tm-ŸÛG-GÛ-¤-GmÅ- Û̄Å-ÁôG
hÝÅ-¼ÛP-D¼-hzP-zhG-fôz-Vïh-hÝ-ºIô-Iôm-zbP-zºÛ-¤-hPÞ¾üÅ-DP-hP.ü ºyâ¾-VÅ-ÅôGÅ- Û̂-Vïh-
73Administration º²Ûm-BôP-ü
capital punishment
capitulation
capture
carbon copy
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2ü ;ü ºWâ-z Þ̧P.üDü z Þ̧P-zºÛ-¤Ûº¤- hPôÅ-qôü
1ü ÇoG-ÁôG-ºi-zÁÝÅü2ü q¼-zÁÝÅü
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1ü ¿e-BôP.ü2ü G¸z-mmü3ü Åï¤Å-DÞ¼-‚ïh-qü
¤-¯-GbôP-züZïÅ-Tm-q-ŸÛG-¾-FÛ¤Å-fG-zTh-qºÛ-ÆôG-fôG-GÛ-ZïÅ-VhüV-Aïm-m¤-GmÅ-ÇePÅ-PïÅ-Tm-ºôG-DÅ-¾ïm-‚Å-qºÛ-¤Gô-ºzÞ¾ü1ü ;ü iG-ÁÝGÅ-Ť-G»ô-fzÅ-
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Dü »Ûh-Åï¤Å-¿e-zÞ-ºGÝG-qü2ü ;ü iG-ÁÝGÅ-Ť-fzÅ-¾-
zdïm-mÅ-º²Ûm-q-hP.üºEï¼-zü fôz-qºÛ-‚-uôhü
Dü z Þ̧P-zº¤-fôz-qºÛ-¤Ûº¤-hPôÅ-qôü
1ü ÇoG-ÁôG-zïh-uôh-zbP-mÅ-z ô̧Å-qºÛ-»Û-Gï-¿e-zÞºÛ-ºi-zÁÝÅü
2ü GŸm-ŸÛG-hP-ÁÛm-bà-ºi-zºÛ-¤Ûº¤-hPôÅ-qôü
Gô-¼Û¤-Vï-Gï-¤ôºÛ-ÇeïP-zOÛGÅ-qºÛ-ÁôG-‚P-h;¼-VG1ü ¤Ûº¤-hPôÅ-qô¼-ÆâP-Bôz-hP-¿e-
BôP.ü2ü ŸÛz-yºÛ-GmÅ-ÇePÅ-ÅôGÅ-¾-
Administration 74 º²Ûm-BôP-ü
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¿e-dôG-ÆÛh-GŸÝP.ü
hôÅ- ô̧G
1ü ÁÛP-d-ºDô¼-¾ôü2ü ¤ï-ºDô¼-DP-¤ÛG3ü hôÅ-JÀü4ü ¾ÞÅ- Û̂-n¤-ºHã¼ü
ºô¼-ºiïm-qü
G¸z-mm-Vï-zºÛ-hô-ÇoP.ü3ü ‚-hPôÅ-ÁÛG-G¾-Vïm-hÝ-z Û̄Å-bï-hï-
¾-hô-DÞ¼-‚ïh-qº¤ü »P-m-„Àô-w¤-qü
1ü uÛ¼-zbP-¤Û-±ïºÛ-‚-GŸG-GÛ-zMãh-¼Û¤ü
2ü ¤Û-±ï-Bï¾-ÇePÅ-bïü º±ô-fzÅ-Ť-º±ô-¾Åü
ÆÛh-GŸÝP-GTÛG-¤WâG-OÛ¾-z-hP.üÆÛh-GŸÝP-GŸm-ŸÛG-¤-ÇÀïzÅ-z¼-HÛ-hÝÅ-»Þm-fÞP-PÞºÛ-¼ÛP-GŸÝP-GÛ-¾Å-hôm-¿e-dôG-‚ïh-qôºÛ-GŸÝP.üIâ-G Û̧PÅ-hP-Gm¤-Iâ hôÅ-Bï¾-Çoݤ-ºDô¼-ÅôGÅ- Û̂-mP-hzô¼-ºiïm-‚ïh-zŸÛm-qºÛ-hPôÅ- ô̧G1ü dÅ-ºfïm-MãºÛ-ºDô¼-¾ô-zŸÛ-Tm-HÛ-
ÁÛP-dü2ü ¤ï-ºDô¼-HÛ-ºIâ¾-q-Çkôh-źÛ-DP-
Oô¤ü3ü hPôÅ- ô̧G-Bï¾-ºiïm-HÛ-ºIô-Iômü4ü ¤Û-ŸÛG-»¼-¾PÅ-q-hP.ü ºIô-zü
Çkôh-q-zTÅ- Û̂-GmÅ-Ç+zÅ- Û̂-G Þ̧GÅ-qôºÛ-ºEï¼-z ô̧ü
hPôÅ- ô̧G-G¤-ºIâ¾-q-Å-V-GTÛG-mÅ-GŸm-ŸÛG-bà-Bï¾-ºiïm-‚ïh-qºÛ-Dï-¾Å-
career
caretakergovernment
cargo
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75Administration º²Ûm-BôP-üÁÛG¯ÛÅ-F-¿e-zÞºÛ-ÁôG-¿Ëï-ÇSôm-¤ºÛ-Çkô¤-ºzô¼-XïÅ-¤¼-ºEï¼-z-¿e-zÞü1ü Gô-OÛG-hP-ºV¼-GŸÛ-hGôÅ-
qºÛ-¾Å-;-ŸÛG-‚ïh-qü2ü ¼P-GÛÅ-‚-Mã-DÅ-„ÀPÅ-qº¤-
GŸm-HÛÅ-¤PGÅ-qºÛ-¾Å-hôm-Oæz-qü
1ü ‚-hPôÅ-GP-ŸÛG-ºV¼-GŸÛ-¿e¼-‚ïh-¤-fÞz-qº¤-zïh-uôh-‚ïh-¤-fÞz-q¼-ºHPÅ-qü
2ü GmÅ-ÇePÅ-ºHã¼- Û̧m-ˆP-¤Þ-¤fÞh-hï-GmÅ-qº¤-ÁÝGÅ-Aïm-‚ïh-qü
1ü ÁÛP-dºÛ-Bï¾-ºiïm-m¤-hzô¼-ºiïm-HÛ-‚-GŸG
2ü ÁÛP-dºÛ-Bï¾-ºiïm-HÛ-ºIô-Iômü
carry forward
carry out
carry over
cartage
¤hÝm-ºEï¼ü
1ü ¾G-¾ïm-zÇe¼-zü2ü D-Vh-¾G-zÇe¼-‚ïh-qü
1ü xÛ¼-ºHPÅ-‚ïh-qü2ü mÝÅ-qºÛ-Mãm-GmÅ-qü
1ü ÁÛP-dºÛ-Bï¾-ºiïmü2ü ÁÛP-dºÛ-JÀü
Administration 76 º²Ûm-BôP-ü
Medicine & Astrology Ǩm-hP-¯ÛÅü77
zl-Vh-Gbm-ºzïzÅ-¾Å-ºV¼üTIBETAN TERMINOLOGY PROJECT
Ǩm-hP-¯ÛÅ-ˆÛ-zl-VhüMEDICAL & ASTROLOGICAL TERMS
zôh-GŸÝP-Ǩm-¯ÛÅ-DP.üMEN-TSE-KHANG / TMAI
Medicine & Astrology 78 Ǩm-hP-¯ÛÅüabacterial
abortion
abscess
acedia
acidity
acidosis
acne
acroarthritis
acrobphobia
y-ÆÛm-¤ïh-qü
¤P¾-h‚ãP.ü ¤P¾-GmÅ-h‚ãP-zü
nG-Cmü nG-ºzÞ¼ü
»Ûh-ŸÝ¤-qü »Ûh-¤Û-hGº-zü
Vß-Bå¼ü
Bå¼-hÝG
ÆÛm-fô¼ü zh-fô¼ü
Åô¼-±ÛGÅ-Iâ¤-zÞü
¤fô-ºWÛGÅü
ÁÛm-bà-y-zºÛ-Bï-¿km-Bï-ºwï¾-¤Û-mÝÅ-qº¤-¤ïh-qºÛü‚ÛÅ-q-z®º-hÝÅ-¤-¼m-GôP-¤P¾-mÅ-xÛ¼-h‚ãP-zº¤-Bå¼-zü¤±ôm-hP-±ï¼-¤-ÅôGÅ- Û̂Å-zÇoh-ż-¾ÞÅ- Û̂-wÞP-Iâz-ÁÛ-z-¾-zdïm-mÅ-GmÅ-GTÛG-bà-nG-GÅôG-qü‚-z-GP-»P-‚-ºhôh-¤ïh-q¼-Zôz-ÇoP-Bï-zºÛ-Åï¤Å-mhüzh-;m-mh-GŸÛÅ-Aïm-qºÛ-wô-zºÛ-mP-Bå¼-µÅ-ºwï¾-züFG-GÛ-mP-Bå¼-±Ð-±h-¾Å-zL¾-zºÛ-Bômü¾P-±ô-h¼-Ç+zÅ-GhôP-hP-ƒP-DôG-ÅôGÅ-¾-‚ãP-zºÛ-fô¼-q-nG-¤Gô-Tmü@P-¾G-GÛ-¤²âz-¤ôºÛ-±ÛGÅ-GŸÛ¼-GZm-D-zMz-qºÛ-mhüÈ-TP-¤fô-ż-ºIô-¤Û-mÝÅ-qºÛ-hPPÅ-CG
Medicine & Astrology Ǩm-hP-¯ÛÅü79
¾ÞÅ-zôPÅ-¿ËG-qü
»m-¾G-GÛ-mhüxãGÅ- Û̂-GZm-mhü
©ïm-zÞºÛ-m- Þ̧G
©ïm-zÞºÛ-GZm-±hü¯-Cmü
©ïm-Cmü½ÀâP-Cmü ½ÀâP-ºEÛ¤ü
L-züÁïÅ-q-º±ßz-qü
acromegaly
acropathy
actinomycosis
adenalgia
adenitis
adenofibroma
adenoma
aerocele
aging
agitation
zh-;m-©ïm-zÞÅ-Bïh-qºÛ-Ç+ݾ-µÅ-Û̂-‚ïh-¾Å-¤P-zºÛ-Bôm-HÛÅ-G Þ̧GÅ-qôºÛ-º±¼-¾ôP-±h-¾Å-zL¾-zü@P-¾G-ÅôGÅ- Û̂-mhümh-ºzÞ-y-¤ô-ŸÛG-GÛÅ-Aïm-qºÛ-xãGÅ-mh-¤Û-¾ºP-ºGô-ÆÛh-q-ŸÛGÇoï-Å-DÞh-hP-¤Vm-DÞP-©ïm-zÞ-ÅôGÅ-¾ÞÅ- Û̂-©ïm-zÞ¼-m- Þ̧G-º‚ãP-zü©ïm-zÞ¼-GZm-D-MÅ-qü¤P¾-hP-mÝ-¤-ÅôGÅ-¾-¤P-hÝ-‚ãP-zºÛ-¯-MãÅ-hP-©ïm-zÞºÛ-Cm-lôG-Tm-HÛ-GôP-zÞü©ïm-zÞºÛ-Mã-¾Å-Iâz-qºÛ-Cm-lôGMã-¾ôP-ÅôGÅ-¼P-‚ãP-ÇeôP-VºÛ-mP-½ÀâP-GôP-zÞ¼-iÛ¾-mÅ-Ç~ôÅ-MPÅ-‚ïh-qºÛ-mhü¾ô-m-LÅ-qºÛ-zMãh-¼Û¤ü½ÀâP-mh-h¤-Åï¤Å-D¤Å-¤Û-zhï-zºÛ-hzP-GÛÅ-Åï¤Å-ŸÛ-h¾-hÝ-¤Û-GmÅ-
Medicine & Astrology 80 Ǩm-hP-¯ÛÅü
FG-;¼-¸h-qü¤Ûh-h;º-züm- Þ̧G-iG-qôü Í-mºÛ- Þ̧Gºh¼-±hüGZm-mh-¼ïG-hÝG
JÀïm-qüºƒâ¤-q-h;¼-qôü Á-¼-B-Á¼ü
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Þ̧G-G ï̧¼-Vï-VßP.üG ï̧¼-ºWÛGÅ-iG-qôü
aglecemia
aglutation
agony
ague
AIDS
akalamathesia
alastrim
aldebran
algesia
algophobia
qüFG-mP-GÛ-;-¼ºÛ-µÅ-¸h-qºÛ-BômüD-¸Å-¤Ûh-Hã¼-GbôP-h;º-zºÛ-mhüm- Þ̧G-ÁÛm-bà-Vïm-qôüºh¼-±h-ÅôGÅ-±-zºÛ-mh- Û̂-zl-½‰ÛP.ü¤ÛºÛ-¾ÞÅ- Þ̧PÅ-¸h-qºÛ-GZm-mh-(HIV) ¾Å-‚ãP-zºÛ-GZm-¼Û¤Å-ÆÛm-ºzÞ-ºFâGÅ-qºÛ-mhü hïÅ-¾ÞÅ- Û̂-mh-¼ÛGÅ-ÇSôm-ºGôG-GÛ-mÝÅ-q-Z¤Å-q¼-‚ïh-qÅ-ÆôG-¾-Zïm-±zÅ-VïüGô-ÇeôzÅ-Ÿm-qºÛ-JÀïm-qºÛ-¼ÛGÅüzh-;m-Hã¼-zºÛ-ºƒâ¤-zÞºÛ-mh-¼ÛGÅ-¿Ë-ºƒâ¤-»P-zºÛ-IÅ-ÁÛGMã-Ç+¼-Zï¼-zhÝm-HÛ-Ç+¼-EÛ¤-zŸÛ-qü(¼P-¾ÞGÅ-Mã-Ç+¼-Zï¼-zhÝm-HÛ-hP-qô-f-Ç+¼-¾-PôÅ-º²Ûm-qºÛ-Gô-¼Û¤-¿e¼-¼ôü)m- Þ̧G-GÛ-±ô¼-z-iG-Ÿmüm- Þ̧G-¾-CG-hPPÅ-iG-qôü
Medicine & Astrology Ǩm-hP-¯ÛÅü81
»-z->Ä-¼-¤P-Bômü
¤Û-ºyôh-qü
¾ô-fôü ¹-fôü
C-‚Ûü
Iô-zŸÛmü
¾-hÝG
;-²-¤Û¼-mhü
¾ôP-zºÛ-PP-±ß¾üMã-Lm-HÛ-mhü
alkalosis
allergy
almanac
alopecia/acomia
altair
altitudesickness
Alzhemerdisease
amaurosis
amebiasis
FG-Mãm-mP-mÅ-±ÛG-f¾-z-¤P-iGÅ-qºÛ-BômüD-¸Å-hP-ü Ç̈mü f¾-lݾ-ÅôGÅ-¤-ºyôh-qºÛ-Aïm-HÛÅ-qGÅ-q¼-h¤¼-CPÅ-VGÅ-qü ¸-ºyâG-¾P-zü £Ûh-q-MG-q-ÅôGÅ-±ô¼-Bïm-qºÛ-Bômü¾ô-GTÛG-GÛ-mP-G¸º-Ç+¼-HÛ-zIôh-q-¾-GŸÛGÅ-bï-ºwô-ºHã¼-hP-zhï-ÇkÝG-GÛ-GmÅ-±ß¾-TÛ-º‚ãP-Gž-zºÛ-hïz-VßP-üC-ÆÛm-ŸÛG-GÛÅ-Aïm-¾Å-‚ãP-zºÛ-C-‚Û-zºÛ-mhüMã-Ç+¼-Zï¼-zhÝm-mP-GÛ-Ç+¼-EÛ¤-Zï¼-GZÛÅ-qüM-¤±ôºÛ-PôÅ-mÅ-wÛ-‡Û-zMh-ÇeôP-zL¾-zºÛ-¤fô-ż-º‚ãP-zºÛ-Aïm-hzÞGÅ-¤Û-ºhP-q-hP-¤Gô-m-z-¿e-zÞºÛ-½ÀâP-mhühzP-¯ºÛ-mÝÅ-ÇeôzÅ-ƒÛ-mÅ-im-ÁïÅ-Z¤Å-qºÛ-Bômü¤ÛG-GÛÅ-¤Û-¤fôP-zºÛ-BômüÇ~äz-GTÛG-hݤ-BïÅ-y-ÆÛm-HÛÅ-Aïm-qÅ-Mã-¤¼-GZm-D-zMzÅ-mÅ-FG-hP-zï-ÇozÅ-zÁ¾-zü
Medicine & Astrology 82 Ǩm-hP-¯ÛÅüMã-G¸ï¼ü
¹-¤±m-Çkô¤-qü
ljÛP-FG-Mã-z-Z¤Å-qü
im-q-¤Û-Gž-zü
¤ÛG-IÛzü ¼z-¼Ûzü
ÆâP-ºDô¼ü ÆâP-P.ü
zÁ¾-mhü ºxïÅ-mhü
Ç+ô¤-hh-Vï-züwô-VôÅ-¤Û-¿km-qü
amebicdysentry
amenia/amenorrhea
AMI heartattack (acutemyocardialinfraction)
amnesia
amplyopia/anopsia
amulet
amyotrophicleteral sclerosis
anadipsia
anandria
Ç~äz-GTÛG-hݤ-BïÅ- Û̂-mh-ºzÞ-ŸÛG-GÛ-Aïm-HÛÅ-Mã-¤¼-GZm-D-MÅ-mÅ-FG-hP-zï-ÇozÅ-zÁ¾-zü¹-¤±m-hÝÅ-fôG-¤Û-ºzz-qº¤-ºGG-qºÛ-¤ô-mhüljÛP-GÛ-Á-Gmh- Û̂-mÝÅ-q-Z¤Å-Bôm-HÛÅ-ljÛP-¯-ºGG-qºÛ-²-iG-GÛ-mh-±zÅ-Vïmü
>Àh-qºÛ-hzP-¯¼-Bôm-GP-¼ÞP-GÛÅ-im-ÁïÅ-Z¤Å-mÅ-»Þm-¾ôm-HÛ-GmÅ-±ß¾-im-GÅô-¤Û-fÞz-qºÛ-Bômü¤ÛG-GÛ-hzP-qô¼-Bôm-¤ïh-q-¿e¼-ÇoP-»P-¤fôP-ÁÝGÅ-Ÿm-qºÛ-Bômümh-Ghôm-ÅôGÅ-¤Û-¤fÞm-qºÛ-º±ï-z-¾Å-ÆâP-ŸÛP.ü ±ï-zÅôh-ÅôGÅ-¤fÞm-qºÛ-Aïm-ºIâz-Vïh-Mãm-hÝ-¾ÞÅ-¾-zTP-MãºÛ-‚Ûm-µÅüMãPÅ-z-Z¤Å-q-¾-zdïm-mÅ-‚ãP-zºÛ-¯-h;¼-HÛ-mh-TÛGÇ+ô¤-q-ÁÛm-bà-Vï-zºÛ-mhüwô-¾ÛP-hP-D-Çtä-ÅôGÅ-wô-»Û-Eh-VôÅ-¤Û-
Medicine & Astrology Ǩm-hP-¯ÛÅü83
¼ïG-±ô¼-Z¤Å-qü¼ô-®-Z¤Å-qüCm-HÛ-Pô-zôüiÛ-±ô¼-Z¤Å-qüÇo-ÁïÅ-Z¤Å-qüB-¡zü
PG-¿+ÝGÅ-qü½ÀâP-¸hüljÛP-GÛ-½ÀâP-G¸ï¼ü
¯-GZmü¾ô-dGÅü
ÁÛP-¼ïPÅü
anaphia
anaphrodisia
anaplasia
anasmia
andomia
anemia
anepia
aneuria
anginal pain
angitis
animal sign
ankylosingspondylitis
¿km-qü¼ïG-‚-±ô¼-z-hP-ƒ¾-züºFÛG-uôh- Û̂-ºhÝm-q-Z¤Å-qºÛ-BômüCm-HÛ-¼P-zŸÛmüÇo-»Û-iÛ-±ô¼-Ÿm-qº¤-Z¤Å-qüÇo-»ÛÅ-iÛ-¤Û-±ô¼-zºÛ-Bômü¤FÛÅ-q-¤hPÅ-zNå¼-HÛ-‚ïh-¾Å-Z¤Å-Aïm- Þ̧PÅ-FG-GÛ-Ç~äG-ym-h¤¼-qô-hï-BïÅ-q-¾-IPÅ-zTß-zŸÛ-hP-zÞh-¤ïh-¾-zTß-GZÛÅ-¾Å-VïÅ-ZÝP-zºÛ-BômüPG-GÛÅ-¬-zXôh-¤Û-fÞz-qühzP-¯ºÛ-mÝÅ-ÁÝGÅ-¤Û-ºhP-zºÛ-BômüƒP-GÛ-mÝ-G»ôm-ÇeïP-mÅ-¾G-G»ôm-PôÅ-ÅÞ-Gmôm-z®Û¼-HÛÅ-Mã-zºÛ-½ÀâP-G ï̧¼üFG-¯ºÛ-GZm-Dü¾ô-Åô-Åô-¤±ôm-‚ïh- Û̂-ÆôG-VGÅ-(‚Û-z-mÅ-wG-z¼-zTß-GZÛÅ-qô-GP-¼ÞP.ü)
±ÛGÅ-GŸÛ¼-GZm-D-zMz-mÅ-¼ÞÅ-
Medicine & Astrology 84 Ǩm-hP-¯ÛÅü
GhÝz-º²Ûmü
¤ÛG-G»ÞP.ü
¼ô-±ô¼-Z¤Å-qü D-¤P¾ü»Û-G-ºVßÅ-qü
pômü
mG-µÅ-JÀô-mhü
xãGÅ-mh-GZm-¼Û¤Åü
1ü z¹ôG-¼Û¤ü2ü GZïm-qôü
Åï¤Å-º±zü
annular eclipse
anopsia
anorchism
anorexianervosa
antares
anthracosis
anthrax
antidote
anxiety/
±ÛGÅ-ºGݾ-h;º-zü¤Þ-Eãh-¿km-qºÛ-ZÛ-º²Ûmü ZÛ-¤ºÛ-h Û̂¾-ºDô¼-»ôPÅ-ÅÞ-zOÛzÅ-ˆP-¤fºÛ-¤Þ-Eãh-ÇKô¼-¤ô¼-¤fôP-zºÛ-ZÛ-º²Ûm-‚ï-ƒG¤ÛG-GÛÅ-G Þ̧GÅ-Gž-qô¼-¤Û-¤fôP-zºÛ-Bômü¿Uï-»ÛÅ-ƒô-z-¤Û-±ô¼-zºÛ-BômüÅï¤Å-mh-h¤-½ÀâP-mh- Û̂-Aïm-qÅ-D-¸Å-Û̂-hP-G-ºGG-qüMã-Ç+¼-Zï¼-zhÝm-mP-GÛ-Ç+¼-EÛ¤-zTô-zMh-qümG-µÅ- Û̂-f¾-lݾ-mP-hÝ-Qâz-qºÛ-Aïm-HÛÅ-JÀô-z¼-GZm-D-MÅ-qüÓ̄-G¸m-ÆôG-VGÅ- Û̂-FG-Mãm-mP-mh-ÆÛm-h‚ã-GݺÛ-G Þ̧GÅ-Tm-ŸÝGÅ-qºÛ-Aïm-¾Å-‚ãP-zºÛ-GZm-¼Û¤Å-±zÅ-Vïm-ŸÛG1ü Pm-ºƒÅ-z¹ôG-fzÅ- Û̂-GZïm-qôºÛ-
ŸzÅ-¼Û¤-¤¤-zTôÅ-fzÅü2ü ¾ÞÅ- Û̂-mP-hÝG-ÅôGÅ- Û̂-Gmôh-qºÛ-
mÝÅ-q-z¹ôG-fÞz-qºÛ-µÅ-GP-»P-¼ÞP-zü
Åï¤Å-F¾-‚ãP-zºÛ-Aïm-HÛÅ-Åï¤Å-mP-
Medicine & Astrology Ǩm-hP-¯ÛÅü85
ljÛP-GÛ-ºw¼-¯ºÛ-GZm-±hü¤Ûh-h;º-zü¼ïG-ºWÛGÅü
GTïmü
G¸º-IÛzü IÛz-Bômü
Mã-¿ËG-GZm-±hü
hPPÅ-¿+ÝGÅü
zM¾-zü ºzôG-qü¤ôm-IâzÞ¤-qü
Zïm-D-hP-ºWÛGÅ-ÇoP-ü ô̧¾-¤Û-zhï-z-ÅôGÅ- Û̂-hPPÅ-±zÅ-º‚ãP-zºÛ-½ÀâP-mhüljÛP-GÛ-ºw¼-¯-G®ô-zô¼-GZm-D-MÅ-qüD-¸Å-¤Ûh-h;º-zºÛ-mhüGŸm-HÛÅ-¼ïG-q¼-hôGÅ-qºÛ-ºWÛGÅ-ÇoP.üDºÛ-mP-hP-¤Vß-bô¼-Vß-¿KP-ºi-zºÛ-CP-ºzÞ¼-»P-»P-fôm-mhü
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psychoanalysis
aortitis
aphagia
aphephobia
aphthousstomatitis(canker sores)
apoplexy
appendicitis
apsithyria
apsychia
aquari
aquarius
Medicine & Astrology 86 Ǩm-hP-¯ÛÅü
Å-¼Ûü
¾ÞG
f-Ç+¼üºw¼-¯ü
±ÛGÅ-G ï̧¼ü
Iâ¤-zÞü cï¤ü
±ÛGÅ-HôP.ü
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Mãh- Û̂-G¸º-zTߺÛ-Mã-¾¤-zTß-GTÛG-q-zÞ¤-qºÛ-EÛ¤-hÝ-ÅômüMã-Ç+¼-Zï¼-zhÝm-mP-GÛ-Ç+¼-EÛ¤-zTô-¿S-qühÝÅ-¢ô¼-hP-qô-Çeïü ZÛ-¤-ÅôGÅ-G¸º-zTߺÛ-Mã-¾¤-hP-qô-¾ÞG-GÛ-EÛ¤üMã-Ç+¼-Zï¼-zhÝm-mP-GÛ-Ç+¼-EÛ¤-hP-qôüljÛP-D¤Å-mÅ-¾ÞÅ-»ôPÅ-¾-º±ô-½ÀâP-xãG-qºÛ- Þ̧PÅ-FG-Bïï¾-ºiïm-‚ïh-qºÛ-FG-¯üqÞÅ-¤ô-ÅôGÅ- Û̂-GZm-D-¤ïh-qºÛ-±ÛGÅ-GŸÛºÛ-m- Þ̧G±ÛGÅ-GŸÛ¼-GZm-D-MÅ-mÅ-CPÅ-q-hP-ºIô-zBôh-h;º-zºÛ-mhüh¤ÛGÅ-zž-¾ô-m-LÅ-Ç+zÅ-º‚ãP-zºÛ-¯-MãÅ-hP-FG-¯-¤FïGÅ-ºHã¼-HÛÅ-ºGݾ-zBôh-h;º-zºÛ-mhü¾ÞÅ-Ť-BïÅ-qºÛ-Åü hÝÅ-¢ô¼-Å-¤¾-hP-qôüO-Tm-GhôP-P¤-¼×-Èàü
arcturus
aries
arietic
artery
arthralgia
arthritis
arthrosclerosis
Ascendant
ascending nodeof moon
Medicine & Astrology Ǩm-hP-¯ÛÅü87
JÀô-mh-hzÞGÅ-¤Û-zhï-zºÛ-Çeôh-hÝ-º±P-zºÛ-mhüG¸º-Ç+¼-¾-hrh-hï-Bï-zôºÛ-zhï-ÇkÝG-ºƒÅ-zÞ-¾ÞP-hÝ-Çeôm-¤DmüG¸º-Ç+¼-HÛ-GmÅ-ÇePÅ-¾-GŸÛGÅ-bï-ºIô-zºÛ-zhï-ÇkÝG-zdG-qºÛ-¼ÛG-qüZÛ-¹-G¸º-Ç+¼-ÅôGÅ-¾-zdG-hrh-h¤-ÇÀôz-¢ôP-‚ïh-¤DmüZÛ-¹-G¸º-Ç+¼-ÅôGÅ-¾-zdG-qºÛ-¼ÛG-qü¼ïG-qºÛ-±ô¼-z-Z¤Å-qºÛ-BômüFG-¯-¤FïGÅ-qô¼-Hã¼-qºÛ-mhü½ÀâP-mh-Tm-HÛÅ-O-ÁÝGÅ-Vïm-qô-fôÅ-q-¾-zdïm-mÅ-‚ãP-zºÛ-zM¾-ºzôGG¸º-Ç+¼-ÅôGÅ-hGï-zºÛü dGÅ-dïm-ºƒï¾-z¸P-qôüuÛ-hP-¤Û-¤fÞm-qºÛ-Åï¤Å-VïÅ-mP-hÝ-xôGÅ-ÁÛP.ü xÛºÛ-»Þ¾-¾-¤Û-ºWâG-q¼-mP-GÛ-h¤ÛGÅ-q-¾-Åï¤Å-Gbh-±ß¾üÇeôm-hÝÅ-ZÛm-¤±m-GZÛÅ-¼ÛP-fÞP-¤Z¤-
asthma
astrologer
astrology
astronomer
astronomy
atactitia
atherosclerosis
audiogenicseizure
auspicious
autism
Autum equinox
hzÞGÅ-¤Û-zhï-zü
Ç+¼- Û̄Å-qü
Ç+¼-¯ÛÅü
Gm¤-¼ÛG-Ç+¼-hrh-qü
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z=-ÁÛÅ-qºÛü hGï-zºÛü
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Medicine & Astrology 88 Ǩm-hP-¯ÛÅüqºÛ-hÝÅü xÛ-¹-9±ïÅ-23üÇeôzÅ-Bïh- Û̂-¸Å-zTßh-¤-ºhP-z-¾Å-‚ãP-zºÛ-mhüwôºÛ-DÞ-zºÛ-mP-Å-zôm-¤ïh-qü£æ¤-¤ºÛ-GmÅ-Ç+zÅ-ÅÞ-Ç+zÅ-¼ï-º‚ãP-zºÛ-Åï¤Å-P¾-¾¤-Bô-ÇoP.üÁÛm-bà-y-zºÛ-h‚ãG-G Þ̧GÅ-y-ÆÛm-hP-ºƒï¾-zºÛüFG-GÛ-mP-ÁÛm-bà-y-zºÛ-h‚ãG-G Þ̧GÅ-y-ÆÛm-ŸÝGÅ-qºÛ-BômüGTÛm-qºÛ-mP-ÁÛm-bà-y-zºÛ-h‚ãG-G Þ̧GÅ-y-¤ô-ŸÝGÅ-qºÛ-Bômü¼ô-Çeôh-hP-Mz-GŸÝP-GÛ- Þ̧G-G ï̧¼üFG-mP-GÛ-mh-ÆÛm-y-¤ôüÁÛm-bà-y-zºÛ-Bï-¿kmümh-ºzÞ-y-¤ôÅ-Aïm-qºÛ-ljÛP-GÛ-mP-ÁÝm-¾-GZm-D-MÅ-qºÛ-mhüGTÛm-HÛ-mh-ÆÛm-y-¤ôü
avitaminosis
azoospermia
baby blues
bacillary
bacillemia
bacilluria
backache
bacteremia
bacteria
bacterialendocarditis
bacteriuria
ÇeôzÅ-Bïh-¸h-mhü
Å-zôm-Z¤Å-qü ¼ô-®-Z¤Å-qü£æ¤-¤ºÛ-Bô-ÇoP.ü
h‚ãG-G Þ̧GÅ-y-ÆÛm-HÛü
h‚ãG-G Þ̧GÅ-FG-ÆÛmü
h‚ãG-G Þ̧GÅ-GTÛm-ÆÛmü
¼ô-Mz-G ï̧¼üFG-ÆÛmüy-ÆÛmüljÛP-BÛºÛ-GZm-±hü
GTÛm-ÆÛmü
Medicine & Astrology Ǩm-hP-¯ÛÅü89
¤P¾-GmÅ-yâ-GÝ-¿kÛP-źÛ-GÁï¼-µÅüJÀô-zºÛ-mhüwô-¤±m-hP-‚-¾ïºÛ- ï̄¼-GZm-D-MÅ-qü¼P-ºzz-bà-¬-zXôh-¤Û-fÞz-qºÛ-¿Ëm-BïÅ-Û̂-PG-Bômü¤Gô-zô-¾-C-¤ïh-qºÛ-¼P-zŸÛmüljÛP-GÛ-ºw¼-¿kÛP-¾-zdïm-qºÛ-¾ÞÅ- Û̂-G»ô-ºGݾ-HÛ-¼Û-¤ôü¾ÞÅ- Û̂-¯-hP-Mã-¤-ÅôGÅ-Çoôh-DôG-ÇeôP-¼ÛGÅ-¿KP-wÞG-¿e¼-z;P-zühÝG-ÁÅ-Vï-zºÛ-¿UGÅ-¼ÛGÅ-D¤Å-µÅ-ÁÛGzÞ-yâG-Bï-ºwï¾-HÛ-mÝÅ-q-¤ïh-qºÛüMã-Ç+¼-Zï¼-zhÝm-mP-GÛ-Ç+¼-EÛ¤-iâG-qü¤ï-ÁÝGÅ-ºwÞ¼-¤h¼-ÁÛm-bà-ºWÛGÅ-hPPÅüz®Å-hÝÅ- Û̂-¾ô-¹-ŸG-hÝÅ-hP-G¸º-Ç+¼-ÅôGÅ-¾-zÇ+ô¼-qºÛ- Û̄Åü
bag of water
bagassosis
balantitis
balbuties
baldness
ballistocardiogram
ballooning
barium
barren
betelgeuse
billistophobia
birth chart
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uÛ-fï¼üljÛP-ºGݾ-¼Û-¤ôü
¿KP-qü hGP-qü
zïï-¼Û-»¤ü
¼zÅ-Vhü¾GNôGÅ-ºWÛGÅü
±ï-¼zÅ-¾Å- Û̄Åü
Medicine & Astrology 90 Ǩm-hP-¯ÛÅüGP-¸G-TÛG-BïÅ-ZÛm-HÛ-¹-Ç+¼-ÇeïP-ºhÅ-h‚ãGÅ- Û̂-‚-z-‚Å- Û̧m-qºÛ-Ç+¼-±ôGÅü¼ÞÅ-qºÛ-ÇeôP-VºÛ-mP-hÝ-»ôh-qºÛ-µÅ-¤Zïm-¤ô-FG-GÛ-y-wÞP-z ô̧-ºhôm-mÝÅ-q-ŸÛGBïÅ-zÞ-mh-¤ïh-GTÛG-GÛ-hzÞGÅ-º‚Ûm-Qâz-fïPÅ-GTÛG-GÛ-»Þm-hP-Vß-±ôh-Ç+¼-V-zŸÛ-¤Z¤ü ºhÛ-zôh- Û̂-Ç+¼- Û̄Å-¼ÛG-qºÛ-hÝÅ-±ôh-z Û̄-fzÅ- Û̂-GŸÛ-»P-»Ûmü¹-zºÛ-h;¼-V-ºwï¾-zºÛ-hÝÅü zôh-±ïÅ- 1 mÅ- 15 z¼ühÝÅ-¢ô¼-GmÅ-¤¾-GÅÞ¤ü iâG hGÝ-hP-zTß-GZÛÅ-¾- ï̧¼ü¾ô-GTÛG-GÛ-¹-z-hP-±ïÅ-IPÅ-V-±P-ºDôh-qºÛ-¾ô-fô-ÁôG-AP-¤º¤-ÁôG-zÞ-ºGº-»ôh-qü ÁÝGÅ-Vï¼- Û̄G-q¼-hG¾-MãºÛ-¾ô-fô-È-TP-zÇkÝÅ-q-ŸÛGhÝÅ-¢ô¼-zŸÛ-q-Çeïü ZÛ-¤-ÅôGÅ-G¸º-zTߺÛ-Mã-¾¤-zŸÛ-q-;@‡ºÛ-EÛ¤ühÝÅ-¢ô¼-zTß-q-Çeïü ZÛ-¤ºÛ-EÛ¤-Mãh- Û̂-G¸º-zTߺÛ-Mã-¾¤-zTß-q-Vß-ÆÛm-HÛ-
birthconstellation
bone marrow
breath
bright half ofthe moon
cadent
calender
cancer
capricon
BïÅ-Ç+¼ü
@P.¤¼ü
hzÞGÅ-»Þmü
¹-zºÛ-»¼-Pô-ü h;¼-xôGÅü
ÍÞ-q-®ü
¾ô-fôü ¹-fôü Û̄G-ºGï¾-¾ô-fôü
;@‡ü
Vß-ÆÛmü
Medicine & Astrology Ǩm-hP-¯ÛÅü91
EÛ¤üGmÅ-¤¾-zTß-GZÛÅ- Û̂-mP-mÅ-¾ÞG-hP-ü ;@‡ü ÆP.ü Vß-ÆÛm-bï-G»ô-zºÛ-EÛ¤-zŸÛüEÛ¤-zTß-GZÛÅ- Û̂-hP-qô-¾ÞG-hP.ü zŸÛ-q-;@‡ü zhÝm-q-ÆP.ü zTß-q-Vß-ÆÛm-zTÅ-xôGÅ-zŸÛºÛ-EÛ¤-zŸÛüljÛP-mh-¼ÛG-qºÛ-Vïh-¾Å-q-ŸÛG-ÇeïüljÛP-GÛ-mh-¼ÛGÅ-hP.ü Iâz-Vü ‚ïh-¾Å-zTÅ-¾-¤DÅ-qºÛ-Vïh-¾Å-Ǩm-qü¾G-¤GôºÛ-¤FÛG-±ÛGÅ- Û̂-¼ÞÅ-q-VßP-PÞ-zMhün-z-hP-Ço- ï̄-ÅôG- ï̄ü ¿Ë-¼Þ- ï̄ü±ÛGÅ- Û̂-¤Gô-ÅôGÅ-¾-»ôh-qºÛ-¼ÞÅ-qºÛ-V-ÁÅ-¿kï¤-V-TmüMã-Ç+¼-Zï¼-zhÝm-mP-GÛ-Ç+¼-EÛ¤-zMh-qüm¤-¤Dº-¾-GmÅ-qºÛ-ZÛ-¹-G¸º-Ç+¼-ÅôGÅü±ÛGÅ-¤D¼-zhÝm-¾Å-Iâz-qºÛ-ÇK¾-±ÛGÅ- Û̂-»¼-Çoï-Çeïü ¤WÛP-±ÛGÅ- Û̂-¼ÞÅ-qü
cardinal signs
cardinals
cardiologist
carpal
cartilage
castor
celestial bodies
cervidevertebra
G»ô-zºÛ-EÛ¤ü
;-z-zŸÛü
ljÛP-GÛ-Ǩm-qü
¾G-¤GôºÛ-¼ÞÅ-qüsm- ï̄ºÛ-¼ÞÅ-qüFâ¤-¼ÞÅü
M¾ü
z¼-ÇoP-GÛ-wÞP-qôü
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Medicine & Astrology 92 Ǩm-hP-¯ÛÅü¾ÞP-dôGÅ- Û̂-zÇem-q-º²Ûm-qºÛ-BïÅ-Vïm-h¤-q-n¤Å-hÝÅ-m¤-±ôh-¾-‚ôm-q-hP-hôm-Vïm-‚ãP-hÝÅ- Û̂-¾ô-hÝÅ-ÇS-xÛ-Gô-¼Û¤-zÇem-qºÛ-hÝÅ-̄ ÛÅüÅôG-¼ÞÅ- Û̂-¤hÝm-PôÅ-G»Å-G»ôm-hÝ-yG-q-mÅ-Ç+ï-ÇeïP-z¼-ºyïh-hÝ-GmÅ-qºÛ-¼ÞÅ-q-m¼-¤ôüÇ+ô¼-z-G»Å-xôGÅ-ÅÞ-ºDô¼-zºÛüÇK¾-±ÛGÅ- Û̂-¤-ÇoïºÛ-¼ÞÅ-q-¶-GhôP-ï̧¼-z-hïºôüºhÛºÛ-dG-qºÛ-¾ôPÅ-uôh-ZÛ-¤-hP-¤±ßPÅ-ˆP-ºIôÅ- ô̄¤-q-¼Û¤-q¼-ZÛ-¤ºÛ-¤hÝm-hP.ü ¼Û¤-¤Ûm-¾-ZÛ-¤ºÛ-Mz-bà-¤fôP-z¼-ºHã¼üwô-¤ô-GZÛÅ- Û̂-BïÅ-¾ô-¹-±ïÅ-GŸÛ¼-z Þ̧P-wm-±ßm-¤fÞm-¾¤-zdG-qºÛ- Û̄ÅüEÛ¤-zTß-GZÛÅ- Û̂-Gô-»Þ¾-»ôPÅ-µôGÅ-V-ljô¤Å-ZÛ-ÁÝ-¯-zhÝm-hÝ-zGôÅ-qºÛ-V-¼ï-¼ï-mÛ-Mã-Ç+¼-¼ï-¼ïºÛ-»Þm-hP-Mã-Ç+¼-¼ï¼-Û̄Å- Û̂-±ßôh-iâG-Tß-f¤-q-»ôhüMã-Ç+¼-¼ï¼-@P-q-zŸÛ-¼ï-hP.ü EÛ¤-¼ï¼-@P-q-hGÝ-»ôh-qÅü Mã-Ç+¼-Zï¼-zhÝm-¾-Eôm-zÇkô¤Å-@P-q-zM-hP-
chronology
clavicle
clockwise
coccyx
comet
compatibilitychart
constellation
constellationfeet
zÇem- Û̄Åü
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mP-Ç+ô¼üGŸÝG-VßP.ü
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Medicine & Astrology Ǩm-hP-¯ÛÅü93
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GmÅ-qº¤-Mã-zºÛ-xôGÅüxôGÅ-PïÅ-Tm-HÛ-ÇeôzÅ-bïü ZÛ-ÅPÅ-h¤¼-qô-¼×-Èà-Çtïmü ü¹-¿ËG-wÞ¼-zÞ-¼Û¤-q-zŸÛmü üÁ¼-mÅ-hzP-¿km-¤f¼-fÞG-q¼ü üz;ôh-q-¼P-xôGÅ-ÇeôzÅ-¿km-ºHã¼üwô-zºÛ-GŸÝG-hP-Mã-¤ºÛ-Çeôh-GZÛÅ-z¼-
coronal suture
dark half of themoon
day
delphinus
denebola
descendingnode of moon
direction
directionalstrength
duodenum
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Medicine & Astrology 94 Ǩm-hP-¯ÛÅüHÛ-ºƒï¾-¤±¤Å-¾- ï̧¼-bïü hïÅ-¸Å-Ç+ô¤-¥GÅ-zŸÝ-‚Å-q-n¤Å-xÛ¼-GbôP-ŸÛP-hï-¤Ûm-ÆâP-z¼-‚ïh-hôü¼P-TG-GmÅ-qºÛ-Å-GŸÛ-Vïm-qô-hP.üº‚ãP-z-zŸÛº¤-¿SºÛ-»-H¾-ÅüZÛ-¹-G¸º-º²Ûm-bïü ZÛ-º²Ûm-hP-¹-º²ÛmüuÛ¼-º‚ãP-z-Vïm-qô-Å-Vß-¤ï-½ÀâP-zŸÛ-hP.ü º‚ãP- Û̄Å-¾ÞGÅ- Û̂-ÁÛP-¤ï-Å-¿UGÅ-Vß-¿S-hP.ü Ç+¼- Û̄Å-¾ÞGÅ- Û̂-Å-Vß-¤ï-½ÀâP-m¤-¤Dº-hP-¿S.üº‚ãP-z-ÁÛP-¤ï-Å-¿UGÅ-Vß-¿SºÛ-D¤Å-¾-zdïm-mÅ-¾ô-¹-ŸG-hÝÅ-hP.üÆôG-¾ÞÅ-hzP-fP->ÀâP-d-ÅôGÅ-z Û̄-zºÛ- Û̄Å- Û̂-¾ÞGÅüźÛ-Gô-¾-¿Ëô-‚P-GÛ-V-GZÛÅ-ÅÞ-xï-zºÛ-hzÞÅ- Û̂-dôG-zdGÅ- Û̂-fÛGhrÛh-hP-Çeôm-ZÛm-¤±m-¤Z¤-qºÛ-hÝÅü¤Ûh-q-mÅ-wô-z¼-¤fÞh-qºÛ-¸Å-Ç+ô¤-Mã-z¼-‚ïh-qºÛ-¾¤üV-IPÅ- Û̂-EÛ¤-Çeïü ¤ô-EÛ¤ü JÀP.ü;@‡ü zÞôü ÇkÛG Vß-ÆÛmü Zü
earth
eclipse
element
elementalastrology
equator
equinox
esophagus
even signs
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Medicine & Astrology Ǩm-hP-¯ÛÅü95
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externalacoustic meatus
fate
fathom
femur
fibula
fixed signs
foe
foramenmagnum
friend
frontal bone
full moon
galaxy
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hGÝ-±ÛGÅ-B-¤ôü
Medicine & Astrology 96 Ǩm-hP-¯ÛÅühÝÅ-¢ô¼-GÅÞ¤-q-Çeïü ZÛ-¤ºÛ-EÛ¤-Mãh- Û̂-G¸º-zTߺÛ-Mã-¾¤-GÅÞ¤-qüxÛ-¾ô- 1582 ¾ô-mÅ-z Þ̧P-mÝz-xôGÅ-ˆÛ-¾ô-fô-¯Û-Æô¾üźÛ-Gô-¾ºÛ-h Û̂¾-fÛG-mÅ-¿Ëô-‚P-GÛ-hݤ-zÞ-GZÛÅ-ÅÞ-zGôÅ-qºÛ-Vº¤-EômüÛ̄Å- Û̂-Vß-ÆP-iâG-Tß-¾-Vß-±ôh-GTÛG-ÇeïüZÛm-ŸG-GTÛG-¾-±ôÝôh- 60 hP-¾G-ºDô¼-Ç+¼-V- 60 ¾-±ßôh- 1 Çeï-ZÛm-ŸG 1 ¾-±ßôh- 24 z Û̄-ÇePÅüG¸ºÛ-z¸P-xôGÅ- Û̂-mÝÅ-ÇeôzÅ-Ÿm-qºÛ-hÝÅ-bï-wÞ¼-zÞ-¿e-zÞ¼-hqï-¤±ôm-mü ¼P-GÛ-ÇeôzÅ-¿km-EÛ¤-;@‡ºÛ-fh-z¿eÅ- Û̂-EÛ¤-Vß-ÆÛm-mP-GmÅ-q-¾ºôüG¸ºÛ-z¸P-xôGÅ- Û̂-mÝÅ-q-Vï¼-MÅ-qºÛ-hÝÅ-bïü hqï¼-mü wÞ¼-zÞ-;@‡ºÛ-EÛ¤-mP-GmÅ-q-¿e-zÞºôüÅôG-q-hP-hqÞP-¼ÞÅ-ºƒï¾-¤±¤Å-mÅ-Iâ-±ÛGÅ-z¼-HÛ-hqÞP-P¼-HÛ-¼ÞÅ-qüMã-Ç+¼-Zï¼-zhÝm-mP-GÛ-Ç+¼-EÛ¤-hGÝ-qüZÛ-¤ºÛ-EÛ¤-Mãh-ˆÛ-G¸º-Ç+¼-Vï-ÁôÅüÛ̄Å-¾ÞGÅ-G¸º-hGݺÛ-mP-GÛ-¿S-qü
gemini
gregoriancalender
hemisphere
hour
house ofdebilitation
house ofexaltation
humerus
hydrae
Jupiter
ºFÛG-qü
»Û-ÁݺÛ-¾ô-fôü
xïh-Gô-¾ü
Vß-±ôhü
¤Û-hGï-ÁÛm-bà-mÝz-qºÛ-EÛ¤ü
hGï-ŸÛP-ÇeôzÅ-hP-¿km-qºÛ-EÛ¤ü
hqÞP-@P.ü
Ç+GG¸º-wÞ¼-zÞü
Medicine & Astrology Ǩm-hP-¯ÛÅü97
G¸º-¿SºÛ-iG-G¸º-GÅÞ¤-HÛ-mP-mÅ-GTÛGhq¾-hÝÅ- Û̂-ºDô¼-¾ôü hÝÅ-ºDô¼-¯-Mãh-hP-zÇkÝÅ-MãhüMã-Ç+¼-Zï¼-zhÝm-HÛ-Ç+¼-EÛ¤-ZÛ-ÁÝ-qü¤Gô-zôºÛ-uÛ-zôºÛ-¼ÞÅ-q-hP-¿eG-qºÛ-¼ÞÅ-qºÛ-hz¼-HÛ-ÆâzÅ-Ť-¤fÞh-¤±¤ÅüfÛG-h¤¼-mÅ-¿Ëô-‚P-GP-¼ÞP-GÛ-ºyïh-Û̂-MP-fGxÛ-¾ÞGÅ- Û̂-zÁô¾-¾ô-bïü ¾ô-zŸÛ-¼ïºÛ-¤±¤Å-xÛ-¹-GZÛÅ-qºÛ-mP-ZÛm-IPÅ-Zï¼-zMh-±z-bà-Zï¼-hGÝ-ºôP-zºÛ-¾ôüG»ôm-AP-¤-Çeï-¹-zºÛ-½ÀâP-Mã-zºÛ-¾¤üZÛm-¤±m-¼ÛP-fÞP-GÛ-±hü ZÛm-±hü¤±m-±hühÝÅ-¢ô¼-¿S-q-Çeïü ZÛ-¤ºÛ-EÛ¤-Mãh- Û̂-G¸º-zTߺÛ-Mã-¾¤-¿S-q-ÅïP-GïºÛ-EÛ¤ühÝÅ-¢ô¼-zhÝm-q-Çeïü ZÛ-¤ºÛ-EÛ¤-Mãh-Û̂-G¸º-zTߺÛ-Mã-¾¤-zhÝm-q-ÆP-GÛ-EÛ¤ü
kalachakra
kaus-australis
lamdoid suture
latitude
leap year
left channel
length
leo
libra
hÝÅ- Û̂-ºDô¼-¾ôü
Vß-Çeôhü¿eG-qºÛ-M-ÆâzÅü
ºyïh-fÛG
¾ô-zÁô¾ü
AP-¤ü¼ÛP-±hü
ÅïP-Gï
ÆP.ü
Medicine & Astrology 98 Ǩm-hP-¯ÛÅü¼P-ZÛh-GmÅ-ź¤-Gbm-GŸÛÅ-‚ïh-»Þ¾-Å-GmÅ- Û̂-hÝÅ-º²Ûm-±ßôhüźÛ-Gô-¾ºÛ-±PÅ-fÛG-mÅ-Á¼-hP-mÝz-bà-z Û̄-zºÛ-MP-HïhüEÛ¤-¤¤-G¸º-Ç+¼-Åô-ÅôºÛ-zhG-qô-Çeïü¾ÞG-hP-ÇkÛG-qºÛ-zhG-qô-¤ÛG-h¤¼-»Ûm-q-¿e-zÞüMz-PôÅ-ÇK¾-GŸÝP-¤m-hP-¤±P-¼ÞÅ-»m-HÛ-¤D¼-±ÛGÅ-¿S-»ôh-qºÛ-ÇK¾-±ÛGÅ- Û̂-V-ÁÅü¹-zºÛ-ºwï¾-ºIÛz-¾-GŸÛ-zTô¾-zºÛ-±ïÅ-GTÛG-mÅ-Gm¤-GP-z¼-HÛ-hÝÅ-»Þmü ¼GÅ-q¼-ŸG-Zï¼-hGÝ-hP-xïhüºI¤-qºÛ-¼ÞÅ-q-ÇeïP-Áôh-GZÛÅ- Û̂-ºôG-¤üZÛ-¤ºÛ-EÛ¤-Mãh- Û̂-G¸º-GÅÞ¤-q-hP-üÛ̄Å-¾ÞGÅ-G¸º-¿SºÛ-Ç+zÅ-iG-G¸º-GÅÞ¤-HÛ-mP-mÅ-GTÛGn-zºÛ-Mz-PôÅ-ÅÞ-»ôh-qºÛ-¼ÞÅ-q-mÝ- ï̄ºÛ-h‚ÛzÅ-¿e-zÞüºI¤-qºÛ-ÇeïP-Áôh-GZÛÅ- Û̂-ÇeïP-¤ü
local time
longitude
lord
lumbervertebra
lunar month
mandible
Mars
mastoidprocess
maxilla
Å-GmÅ- Û̂-±ßôhü
GŸÝP-fÛG
zhG-G¸ºü
@ïh-±ÛGÅü
±ïÅ-¹ü
¤-¤G¾-¼ÞÅ-qü
¤ÛG-h¤¼ü
n-¿eG-¼ÞÅ-ºzÞ¼ü
»-¤G¾-¼ÞÅ-qü
Medicine & Astrology Ǩm-hP-¯ÛÅü99
mental foramen
Mercury
metacarpalbones
metatarsalbones
Monday
month
moon sign
motion
Mount Meru(Su-meru)
¤-¤G¾-DÞP-zÞü¿ËG-qü
¾G-¤fÛ¾-¼ÞÅ-qü
@P-¤fÛ¾-¼ÞÅ-qü
G¸º-¹-zü
¹-zü
¹-EÛ¤ü
G¸ºÛ-zIôh-qü
¼Û-M¾-¿Ëàm-qôü ¼Û-¼zü
¤-¾ïºÛ-¼ÞÅ-qºÛ-ÇeïP-GÛ-zÞ-GZÛ-¤ºÛ-EÛ¤-Mãh- Û̂-G¸º-hGݺÛ-zhÝm-q-hP.ü Û̄Å-¾ÞGÅ-G¸º-¿SºÛ-Ç+zÅ-ŸÛ-G¸º-GZÛÅ-mÅ-GTÛG¾G-qºÛ-¤FÛG-±ÛGÅ-hP-Åô¼-¤ôºÛ-¼ÞÅ-qºÛ-¤fÞh-¤±¤Å- Û̂-¼ÞÅ-q-m¼-¤ô-¿Sü@P-qºÛ-zô¾-±ÛGÅ-hP-Åô¼-¤ôºÛ-¼ÞÅ-qºÛ-¤fÞh-¤±¤Å- Û̂-¼ÞÅ-q-¿Sü¼ïÅ-¾-ºV¼-zºÛ-G¸º-zhÝm-mP-GÛ-GZÛÅ-qü¾ô-GTÛG-GÛ-hÝÅ-»Þm-V-zTß-GZÛÅ-ÅÞ-zGôÅ-qºÛ-V-GTÛG hï¼-ZÛm-ŸG-GÛ-¹-z-hP-ü ±ïÅ-¹ü EÛ¤-¹-zTÅ-GÅÞ¤-hÝ-»ôhüz®º-hÝÅ-ÅÞ-¹-z-GP-m-GmÅ-qºÛ-EÛ¤-zTß-GZÛÅ-GP-¼ÞP.üG¸ºÛ-zIôh-qºÛ-¥ã¼-±hü hï¼-h¾-¥ã¼-GZÛÅ-hP-¼P-ºIôÅ-zTÅ-GÅÞ¤-»ôhü¤Pôm-q-¤²ôh-mÅ-zÁh-q-¿e¼-mü JÀÛP-zŸÛ-hP.ü JÀÛP-ym-zMhü M-¤±ô-Vïm-qô-zŸÛü ZÛ-¹-G¸º-Ç+¼-hP-zTÅ-qºÛ-ºWÛG-dïm-HÛ-hzÞÅ-ÅÞ-GmÅ-qºÛ-¼Û-M¾-
Medicine & Astrology 100 Ǩm-hP-¯ÛÅü¿Ëàm-qôü¾ÞG-hP.ü ;@‡ü ÆP.ü Vß-ÆÛm-zTÅ-G»ô-zºÛ-EÛ¤-zŸÛü¾ÞÅ- Û̂- ô̄¾-mÝÅ-Bïh-q¼-‚ïh-qºÛ-wÞP-IâzüÇo-zÞG-G»Å-G»ôm-HÛ-GŸÛ-dïm-¼ÞÅ-qü¤Gô-zôºÛ-¿eG-Mz- Û̂-¼ÞÅ-q-ºzÞ¼-qôü¤ÛG-ºƒÅ-GmÅ-»Þ¾-HÛ-¼ÞÅ-Oô¤-;ôP-;ôP-üD-»Û-mP-PôÅ-»-@m-HÛ-¼ÞÅ-qüwô-zºÛ-Mz-PôÅ-ÅÞ-GmÅ-qºÛ-ºW¤-¤Zïm-Ç~äzÅ-h‚ÛzÅ-Tm-HÛ-hzP-dïm-ÍÛm-TÛ-iâG-®¤-¿km-q-ŸÛG¤Gô-zôºÛ-uÛ-G®ßG-hP-hïºÛ-G»Å-G»ôm-HÛ-¼ÞÅ-qüqÞÅ-±ÛGÅ-ÇeïP-DïzÅ-GTôh-¿e¼-GmÅ-qºÛ-¼ÞÅ-q-ÇKô¼-¾ïzührÛ-¤GôºÛ-¼ÞÅ-q-hP-¤±P-¼ÞÅüGŸÝG-VßP-ÅôGÅ- Û̂-uÛ-¤ÛP.ü
moveable signs
muscle
nasal bone
occipital bone
orbit
palatine bone
pancreas
parietal bone
patella
pelvis
G»ô-EÛ¤ü
Á-Gmhü
Ço-¼ÞÅü¿eG-¼ÞÅü¤ÛG-ºzô¼-¼ÞÅ-qü
@m-¼ÞÅüGÁï¼-¤ü ¤ï-GmÅü
fôh-¼ÞÅü
¿Ë-P.ü
hrÛ-¼ÞÅü ¤±P-¼ü
Medicine & Astrology Ǩm-hP-¯ÛÅü101
@P-¾G-GÛ-¤fïz-zôP-hP-¤²âz-Åô¼-HÛ-¼ÞÅ-q-n¤Å- Û̂-¤ÛP.üÇo-mÅ-¤¼-¿Uï-VßP-fh-hÝ- Þ̧G-qºÛ-zÞ-G¾G-P¼-HÛ-xÛ-PôÅ- Û̂-¼ÞÅ-q-fÞP-z-hïºÛ-¤ÛP.üljÛP-hP-JÀô-z-ÆâP-Bôz-‚ïh-qºÛ-ƒP-DôG-GÛ-¼ÞÅ-q-¾ïz-¤ô-m¼-GÝG-V-zTß-GZÛÅ-Tmü©ïh-±ÛGÅ-hP-GŸÝG-VßP-z¼-hÝ-GmÅ-qºÛ-±ÛGÅ-¤D¼-¿S-Tm-HÛ-ÇK¾-±ÛGÅü¤Gô-zôºÛ-uÛ-zôºÛ-¼ÞÅ-qºÛ-ÆâzÅ-Ť-¤fÞh-¤±¤ÅühqÞP-ºGôºÛ-¾ÞÅ- Û̂-Mz-xôGÅ-ÅÞ-GmÅ-qºÛ-h‚ÛzÅ- Þ̧¼-GÅÞ¤-Tm-HÛ-¼ÞÅ-qü>Àh-q-mÅ-GŸÝG-VßP-z¼-HÛ-ÇK¾-±ÛGÅ-Û̂-Ç~äzÅ-ÅÞ-VGÅ-qºÛ-ÇK¾-nGÇ+ï-¤WÛP-¤±¤Å-mÅ-¤VÛm-iÛº¤-h¼-h;¼-»ô¾-zºÛ-ºôG-®¤-z¼-GmÅ-qºÛ-ƒP-DôG-GÛ-¤hÝm-PôÅ- Û̂-¼ÞÅ-q-m¼-¾ïzü¤Gô-zôºÛ-uÛ-zô-hP-¤±ôG-¤-¿eG-q-zTÅ-Û̂-¼ÞÅ-qºÛ-JÀÛP-wm-±ßm-¤fÞh-¤±¤Å-
phalanges
pharynx
radius
ribs
sacrum
sagittal suture
scapula
spinal cord
sternum
suture
Çtäm-¤P.ü
¤±ß¾-qü¾G-P¼-¼ÞÅ-q-Vï-zü
Û̄zÅ-¤ü
±P-¼ÞÅü (¤±P-¼ÞÅü)
uÛ-zôºÛ-M-ÆâzÅü
ÅôG-¼ÞÅü ÅôG-qü
MãPÅ-qü ÆôG-¯-h;¼-qôü
ƒP-¼ÞÅü
M-ÆâzÅü
Medicine & Astrology 102 Ǩm-hP-¯ÛÅü
tarsal bonestemporal bone
tibia
ulna
zygomatic bone
zô¾-±ÛGÅ-¼ÞÅ-qün-¿Ëm-¼ÞÅ-qü
Xï-P¼-¼ÞÅ-q-Vï-zü
¾G-P¼-¼ÞÅ-q-VßP-zü
¤DÞ¼-±ôÅ-¼ÞÅ-qü
Û̂-ÆâzÅü@P-qºÛ-zô¾-±ÛGÅ- Û̂-¼ÞÅ-q-DG-zhÝmün-z-G»Å-G»ôm-HÛ-ÇKP-fh-hÝ-GmÅ-qºÛ-¤Þ¼-GôP-GÛ-¼ÞÅ-qü@P-qºÛ-mP-PôÅ-ÅÞ-GmÅ-qºÛ-P¼-GhôP-GÛ-¼ÞÅ-qü¾G-P¼-HÛ-mP-PôÅ- Û̂-¼ÞÅ-q-y-¾-¼ÛP-z-hïºÛ-¤ÛP.üGhôP-GÛ-¤DÞ¼-±ôÅ-G»Å-G»ôm-GZÛÅ-Û̂-ºzÞ¼-VºÛ-¼ÞÅ-qü
Physics 103 hPôÅ-D¤Å-¼ÛG-qü
zl-Vh-Gbm-ºzïzÅ-¾Å-ºV¼üTIBETAN TERMINOLOGY PROJECT
hPôÅ-D¤Å-¼ÛG-qºÛ-zl-VhüPHYSICS TERMS
jË-Å-zôh-ˆÛ-hqï-¤²ôh-DP.üLIBRARY OF TIBETAN WORKS & ARCHIEVES
(LTWA)
Physics 104 hPôÅ-D¤Å-¼ÛG-qüaberration
abrasion
absolute humidity
acceleration
activation energy
adiabatic process
adsorption
allotropy
alloy
ÇoP-z½‰m-¼z-¼Ûzü
zl¼-¸hü
¿eôÅ-¤ïh-½Àm-GÁï¼ü
¥ã¼-±h-ºw¼-Vü
zIâP-‚ïh-mÝÅ-qü
±-iôh-Åô¼-GmÅ-zMãh-¼Û¤ü
GÅôG-º‚¼ü
µÅ-GTÛG-n¤-¤P.ü
zÆïÅ-¿UGÅü
hÐPÅ-Áï¾-¿e-zÞ-xÛºÛ-»Þ¾-¤fôP-‚ïh-¾-Bôm-»ôh-qºÛ-hzP-GÛÅ-ÇoP-z½‰m-¤Û-Gž-zül¼-ÁÝh- Û̂Å-Aïm-qÅ-¸h-q¼-Hã¼-zºÛ-¼P-zŸÛmü¤Dº-½ÀâP-GÛ-ÁôP-±h-PïÅ-Tm-ŸÛG-GÛ-mP-VߺÛ-½ÀPÅ-q-WÛ-»ôh- Û̂-±h-GŸÛ-ŸÛG-¾- ï̧¼ü hï-mÛ-¤Dº-½ÀâP-Áô-G Þ̧GÅ-¤Û-‡¼-¼ï¼-VߺÛ-½ÀPÅ- ï̧GÅ-;Û-¾ô-WÛ-»ôh-Û̂-V-mÅ-±h-ºW¾-z-»ÛmüwÞP-G Þ̧GÅ-ÁÛG-GÛ-¥ã¼-±h-hÝÅ-±ôh-PïÅ-Tm-¼ï¼-WÛ-®¤-¥ã¼-hÝ-ºIô-zºÛ-±hüµÅ- Û̂-n¤-ºHã¼-ŸÛG-»ôP-z¼-hGôÅ-PïÅ- Û̂-ZÝP-¤fºÛ-mÝÅ-qü±-iôh-ºw¼-VG-GP-»P-¤ïh-q¼-º‚ãP-zºÛ-zMãh-¼Û¤-GP-¼ÞP-ŸÛG½ÀâP-hP-GÁï¼-G Þ̧GÅ- Û̂-ºhÝÅ-µÅ-GP-ŸÛG-Æ-G Þ̧GÅ- Û̂-hPôÅ-µÅ-GŸm-ŸÛG-GÛ-ÇeïP-hÝ-zÇkÝ-zºÛ-zMãh-¼Û¤üD¤Å-µÅ-ÁÛG-n¤-q-¤Û-ºi-z-GZÛÅ-Ť-hÝ-¤¼-GmÅ-qºÛ-PP-±ß¾ü¿UGÅ-¼ÛGÅ-¤Û-ºi-z-GZÛÅ-Ťü
Physics 105 hPôÅ-D¤Å-¼ÛG-qü
amorphous
ampere
angle of incidence
angle of reflection
angstrom (A.U)
angularacceleration
z ô̧-h‚ÛzÅ-PïÅ-¤ïhü
JÀôG-Mãm-ÁÝGÅ-±hü
zlz-ºyôºÛ- Þ̧¼-DÞG
¿kôG-ºyôºÛ- Þ̧¼-DÞG
ÍP-Åï-cô¤-( Û̄-GŸÛü)
Þ̧¼-ºIôÅ- Û̂-¥ã¼-±h-ºw¼-Vü
»P-m-GZÛÅ-¾Å-¤P-z-¤Z¤-zÆïÅ-‚Å-qº¤ü »P-m-¿UGÅ-¼ÛGÅ-hP-¿UGÅ-¼ÛGÅ-¤-»Ûm-qºÛ-µÅ-GŸm-hP-zÆïÅ-mÅ-Iâz-qºÛ-µÅ-Ť-hPôÅ-qôüh‚ÛzÅ-G Þ̧GÅ-PïÅ-Tm-¤ïh-qºÛ-Æ-G Þ̧GÅüJÀôG-ÁÝGÅ-z;G-V-GTÛG-Tm-HÛ-JÀôG-fG-mP-Mã-zºÛ-JÀôG-ÁÝGÅ-V-±h-GTÛG-Tm-HÛ-JÀôG-ÁÝGÅ- Û̂-±h-GŸÛüºôh-hP-O-¿e-zÞºÛ-½ÀzÅ-hPôÅ-qô-GP-»P-¼ÞP-zºÛ-PôÅ-ÁÛG-¾-zlz-q-¾Åüzlz-GmÅ-hï-hP-iP-ºxP-GÛ-fÛG-GZÛÅ-¾Å-‚ãP-zºÛ- Þ̧¼-DÞGºôh-hP-O-¿e-zÞºÛ-½ÀzÅ-PôÅ-ÁÛG-GÛ-ÇeïP-mÅ-¿kôG-q-¾Åü ¿kôG-GmÅ-hï-hP-iP-ºxP-GÛ-fÛG-GZÛÅ- Û̂Å-z ô̧Å-qºÛ- Þ̧¼-DÞG‚ï-ƒG-bà-ºHïh-ºyôºÛ-½ÀzÅ-¼ÛP-±h-ºW¾-zºÛ-±h-GŸÛ-ŸÛG-Çeïü Åïm-‡Û-¤Û-‡¼-GTÛG-Å-»-zM¼-zGôÅ-qºÛ-V-GTÛGwÞP-G Þ̧GÅ-ÁÛG-GÛ- Þ̧¼-ºIôÅ-¥ã¼-±h-hÝÅ-±ôh-PïÅ-Tm-¼ï¼-WÛ-®¤-¥ã¼-hÝ-ºIô-zºÛ-±hü
Physics 106 hPôÅ-D¤Å-¼ÛG-qüangulardisplacement
angularmomentum
angular velocity
anisotropy
antimatter
archimede’sprinciple
artificial satellite
asteroid
Þ̧¼-DÞG-GÛ-ºwô-Bôhü
Þ̧¼-DÞG-GÛ-ºGݾ-±hü
Þ̧¼-DÞG-GÛ-ºIôÅ-±hü
xôGÅ-¾-¿eôÅ-qºÛ-¼P-zŸÛmü
¿kôG-µÅü
ͼ-DÛ-¤ï-hïºÛ-Gbm-Æô¾ü
zTôÅ-¤ºÛ-ºDô¼-Ç+¼ü
Ç+¼-ymü
Mã-¾¤-ÇKô¼-¤ô-ŸÛG-GÛ-ÇeïP-hPôÅ-G Þ̧GÅ-ÁÛG-Bôh-qºÛ-MP-fGºDô¼-¤hº-‚ï-ƒG-q-ŸÛG-GÛ-ÇeïP-wÞP-G Þ̧GÅ- Û̂-ºDô¼-MãG-ºGôG-ÁÝGÅ-hP-¥ã¼-±h-ºw¼-V-GZÛÅ- Û̂-zNå¼-fôzühPôÅ-G Þ̧GÅ-ÁÛG-hP-ºƒï¾-zºÛ- Þ̧¼-DÞG-GTÛG-GÛ-ºHã¼-zºÛ-¥ã¼-±hü±h-ºW¾-zºÛ-xôGÅ-¤Û-ºi-zºÛ-hzP-GÛÅ-Eh-VôÅ-¤Û-ºi-z-TmüZÛP-lݾ-¤ô-hP-JÀôG-lݾ-wô-¾Å-Iâz-qºÛ-hPôÅ-qôüGÁï¼-G Þ̧GÅ-mP-ÇeÛ¤-qºÛ-wÞP-qôºÛ-ºxô-ÁÝGÅ-hï-hP-ü »¼-WÛ-®¤-wÞh-qºÛ-GÁï¼-G Þ̧GÅ- Û̂-¿YÛh-±h-ÇeïP-A¾-hP-¤Z¤-q¼-PïÅ-±ß¾üźÛ-Gô-¾º¤ü »P-m-G¸º-Ç+¼-GŸm-ŸÛG-¾-ºDô¼-Bôh-‚ïh-q¼-zbP-zºÛ-ºyâ¾-VÅüG¸º-¤ÛG-h¤¼-hP-wÞ¼-zÞºÛ-ºDô¼-¾¤-HÛ-z¼-hÝ-Mã-zºÛ-ƒG-lô-ºi-zºÛ-hPôÅ-qô-ŸÛG hïºÛ-ŸïP-±h-;Û-¾ô-¤Û-‡¼-GTÛG-mÅ-hGÝ-zM-¿ËG-»ôhü
Physics 107 hPôÅ-D¤Å-¼ÛG-qüastronomical unit
astronomy
atmosphere
atom
atomic mass
atomic mass unit
atomicnumber(protonnumber)
atomic spectrum
G¸º-Ç+¼- Û̄-GŸÛü
G¸º-Ç+¼-hrh-¼ÛGGm¤-¼ÛG-Ç+¼-hrhü
½ÀâP-GÛ-h Û̂¾-ºDô¼ü½ÀâP-D¤Åü
lݾ-ymü
lݾ-ym-GhôÅ-±hülݾ-ym-zôPÅ-±hülݾ-ym-zôPÅ-±h- Û̄-GŸÛü^¾-‡ômülݾ-ym-ÍP-IPÅü
lݾ-HÛ-ºWº-¤hPÅü
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lݾ-ym-hï-¼P-GÛ-mP-hÝ-JÀôG-lݾ-ºwô-ºHã¼-xÛm-qºÛ-Aïm-¾Å-‚ãP-zºÛ-ºHïh-
Physics 108 hPôÅ-D¤Å-¼ÛG-qü
atomic weight
avogadro’sprinciple
barometer
baryons
Bernoulli effect
Bernoulli law
beta-decay
big bang
lݾ-ym-¿YÛh-±hü
Í-¶ô-Gï-iôºÛ-Gbm-Æô¾ü
½ÀâP-Gmôm-ºW¾-VÅü„Ëï-¼Û-»ômü
„˼-mô-¾Û-mÝÅ-qü
„˼-mô-¾Û-PïÅ-Æô¾ü
„ËÛ-‡-¸h-LÝhü
ºzïP-Vïmü GÅ-fô¼-Vïm-¤ôü
ºyôºÛ-ºWº-¤hPÅü;¼-zôm-12¾-GŸÛ-zTô¾-zºÛ-D¤Å-µÅ-ÁÛG-GÛ-lݾ-ym-HÛ-V-ljô¤Å-zôPÅ-±hüiôh-±h-hP-Gmôm-ÁÝGÅ-mÛ-±h-GTÛG-qºÛ-½ÀâP-G Þ̧GÅ-ÁôP-±h-¤Z¤-q-GZÛÅ-Û̂-mP-Iâz-µÅ- Û̂-IPÅ-GTÛG-bà-PïÅ-qü½ÀâP-D¤Å- Û̂-Gmôm-ÁÝGÅ-ºW¾-VÅü;ÐG-y-lݾ-GÅÞ¤-¤¤ü »P-m-¿kôG-qºÛ-;ÐG-y-lݾ-GÅÞ¤-Tm-HÛ-Zï-zºÛ-lݾ-ym-HÛ-EÛ¤-±P-GP-»P-¼ÞP-z-ŸÛG½Àm-ŸÛP-GÁï¼-zºÛ-hPôÅ-qô-ŸÛG-MãG-qºÛ-¥ã¼-±h-ºw¼-z-hP-hÝÅ-¤±ßPÅ-hïºÛ-mP-GÛ-Gmôm-ÁÝGÅ-VG-qºÛ-ÇoP-±ß¾ü½Àm-ŸÛP-GÁï¼-zºÛ-hPôÅ-qô-ŸÛG-GÛ-Gmôm-ÁÝGÅ-hP.ü ÇeàG-±hü ¥ã¼-±h-zTÅ-Û̂-z¼-ºƒï¾-z-Çeôm-qºÛ-PïÅ-Æô¾üZÛP-lݾ-HÛ-mÝÅ-ÁÝGÅ-Ÿm-qºÛ-Aïm-HÛÅ-lݾ-ym-HÛ-mÝÅ-q-LÝh-VG-ºIô-Ç+zÅ-JÀôG-lݾ-¾¤ü »P-m-wô-lݾ-HÛ- ï̧GÅ-¤-D-q-„ËÛ-‡-ºyô-ÇeôP-‚ïh-±ß¾üfôG-¤ºÛ-GÅ-fô¼-¾-zdïm-mÅ-M-Bïh-ºIô-zŸÛm-qºÛ-ºWÛG-dïm-D¤Å-‚ãP-z-
Physics 109 hPôÅ-D¤Å-¼ÛG-qü
binding energy
black body
black bodyradiation
black hole
Bohr theory
boiling point
Brownian motion
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wÞP-mG
wÞP-mG-ºHïh-ºyôü
zÞ-G-mG-qôü
„Ëô¼-n¤-GŸG
ºDô¾-GmÅü
„Ë-¼ôm-ºGݾ-Bôhü
ºhôh-±ß¾ülݾ-HÛ-¤-¾G-TÛG-GÛ-Oæz-‚- ï̧GÅ-¤-n¤Å-¤Z¤-hÝ-Çkô¤-‚ïh- Û̂-mÝÅ-qüJÀôG-ÁÝGÅ-Dz-¾ïm-HÛ-ºHïh-ºyôºÛ-ºDô¼-fïPÅ-¤fº-hG-ºyô-zÇkÝ-‚ïh-fÞz-q¼-ºhôh-qºÛ-hPôÅ-qô-mG-AP.üiôh-±h-PïÅ-Tm-ŸÛG-GÛ-Ç+zÅ-ÅÞ-hPôÅ-G Þ̧GÅ-mG-AP-GTÛG-¾Å-ºyô-zºÛ-JÀôG-ÁÝGÅ-Dz-¾ïm-HÛ-ºHïh-ºyôü¼P-GÛ-ºfïm-ÁÝGÅ-È-TP-Áïh-Vï-zÅ-hïºÛ-Zï-ºDô¼-mÅ-ºôh-ˆP-f¼-¤Û-fÞz-qºÛ-ÇeàG-±h-¿ËG-q¼-Vï-zºÛ-m¤-¤DºÛ-hPôÅ-G Þ̧GÅ-ÁÛGlݾ-ym-HÛ-z;ôh-h‚ÛzÅ-Ç+ô¼-HÛ-ºIï¾-q-ÇS-ÁôÅ-ÁÛG-Çeïü JÀôG-lݾ-n¤Å-ZÛP-lݾ-HÛ-¤fº-ºDô¼-hÝ-;ôm-‡¤-V-Aïm-¾-zdïm-mÅ-PïÅ-qºÛ-xôGÅ-PïÅ-¤ïh- Û̂-ºDô¼-¾¤-fôG-ºDô¼-Bôh-‚ïh-q¼-ºhôh-±ß¾üGÁï¼-G Þ̧GÅ-ÁÛG-½ÀPÅ-qº¤-½ÀâP-G Þ̧GÅ- Û̂-Pô-zô¼-ºHã¼-zºÛ-iôh-±hüGÁï¼-G Þ̧GÅ-Ť-½ÀâP-G Þ̧GÅ- Û̂-mP-hÝ-¿kÛP-qºÛ-lݾ-HÛ- ï̧GÅ-¤-n¤Å-hP.ü
Physics 110 hPôÅ-D¤Å-¼ÛG-qü
buoyant force
calorie
center of gravity
center of mass
centrifugal force
centripetal force
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Dï-¾ô-¼Ûü
ºfïm-ÁÝGÅ-¿eï-GmÅü
GhôÅ-±h-¿eï-GmÅü
¿eï-z¼-D-¿kôG-qºÛ-ÁÝGÅü
¿eï-z¼-D-xôGÅ-qºÛ-ÁÝGÅü
¿kÛP-»Þ¾-HÛ-GÁï¼-G Þ̧GÅ-Ť-½ÀâP-G Þ̧GÅ-GP-¼ÞP-GÛ-Iâz-µÅ-n¤Å-wm-±ßm-GhôP-fÞG-zMz-qºÛ-Aïm-HÛÅ-xôGÅ-PïÅ-¤ïh-hÝ-ºGݾ-zü½Àm-GÁï¼-mP-mÝz-qº¤-ÇoÝz-qºÛ-hPôÅ-qô-ŸÛG-GÛ-ÇeïP-hÝ-ºzz-qºÛ-Gmôm-ÁÝGÅümÝÅ-qºÛ- Û̄-GŸÛ-Çeïü Vß-JË-¼¤-GTÛG-GÛ-iôh-±h-Åï¾-ÅÛ-»- Û̂G-¼Û-GTÛG-Çtô¼-Vïh-hGôÅ-qºÛ-±-iôhühPôÅ-G Þ̧GÅ-ÁÛG-GÛ-¿YÛh- Û̂-V-ljô¤Å-GmÅ-ÇePÅ-Ťü »P-m-hPôÅ-qô-ŸÛG-GÛ-ÇeïP-hÝ-ºfïm-ÁÝGÅ-GP-hÝ-ºzz-q¼-ÇoP-zºÛ-GmÅ-‚ï-ƒG-qühPôÅ-G Þ̧GÅ-ÁÛG-GÛ-V-ljô¤Å-zôPÅ-±h-Û̂-GmÅ-ÇePÅ-Ťü »P-m-hPôÅ-qô-ŸÛG-GÛ-GhôÅ-±h-V-±P-ºhÝÅ-bï-GmÅ-q¼-V-º²Ûm-‚ïh-¼ÞP-zºÛ-GmÅ-‚ï-ƒG-qüºDô¼-zŸÛm-qºÛ-hPôÅ-G Þ̧GÅ-ÁÛG-GÛ-¼P-GÁÛÅ- Û̂-hzP-GÛÅ-wÞP-G Þ̧GÅ-hï-ºDô¼-¤hº-¾Å-xÛ¼-ºfïm-qºÛ-¿eï-xôGÅ- Û̂-ÁÝGÅ-hP-¤Z¤-qºÛ-mÝÅ-ÁÝGÅ-ÁÛGÇKô¼-fÛG-ÇeïP-ºGݾ-Bôh-‚ïh-qºÛ-hPôÅ-G Þ̧GÅ-ÁÛG-GÛÅ-¿eï-zº¤ü ºDô¼-¤hºÛ-xôGÅ-ÅÞ-ºfïm-qºÛ-ÁÝGÅü
Physics 111 hPôÅ-D¤Å-¼ÛG-qücharge
charge density
Charles law
chemical reaction
chromaticaberration
collision
1ü hPôÅ-G Þ̧GÅ- Û̂-z¯¤-GŸÛ¼-Hã¼-qºÛ-VïÅ-y-zºÛ-lݾ- ï̧GÅ- Û̂-¯-zºÛ-Eh-VôÅ-ÁÛG-hP.ü hïºÛ-hzP-GÛÅ-ºfïm-ÁÝGÅ-hP-¿kôG-ÁÝGÅ-GZÛÅ-‚ãP-z-»Ûmü hï-¾-D-hôG-GÛ- Þ̧PÅ-hP-JÀôG-GÛ- Þ̧PÅ-GZÛÅ-»ôhü
2ü hPôÅ-µÅ-Ť-m¤-¤DºÛ-Eôm-ŸÛG-mP-JÀôG- Þ̧PÅ-WÛ-»ôh- Û̂-ºzô¼ü
wÞP-G Þ̧GÅ-ÁÛG-G¤-m¤-¤DºÛ-M-Eôm-HÛ- Û̄-GŸÛ-¼ï-¼ïº¤ü ÁôP-±h- Û̂- Û̄-GŸÛ-¼ï-¼ï¼-JÀôG-GÛ- Þ̧PÅ-WÛ-»ôh- Û̂-ºzô¼ü½ÀâP-µÅ-ÁÛG-GÛ-zôPÅ-±h-Vï-Gï-¤ô-ŸÛG-GÛ-ÁôP-±h-hï-Gmôm-ÁÝGÅ-Mãm-Gbm-ºôG-bà-¿Ëôh-¤ïh-iôh-±h-hP-fh-;¼-ºƒï¾-bï-ºHã¼-z-»Ûmülݾ-ym-HÛ-GmÅ-Å-zB¼-OÛG-‚Å-q-¾-zdïm-mÅ-Iâz-µÅ-GTÛG-Iâz-µÅ-GŸm-hÝ-ºHã¼-±ß¾ühÐPÅ-Áï¾-HÛÅ-ºôh- Û̂-D-hôG-ºi-¤Ûm-n¤Å-¤hô-GmÅ-GTÛG-bà-ºhÝ-¤-fÞz-qºÛ-hzP-GÛÅ-ÇoP-z½‰m-HÛ-D-hôG-ºFâGÅ-qºÛ-Bômülݾ-ym-¿e-zÞºÛ-lݾ-GZÛÅ-Ť-hÝ-¤-ŸÛG-Zï-z¼-º²ô¤Å-bï-JÀô-zÞ¼-hÝ-ºGݾ-ÁÝGÅ-ºHã¼-zº¤ü »P-m-mÝÅ-q-zXï-
Þ̧PÅü
JÀôG- Þ̧PÅ-ÇeàG-±hü
T×¾-Åï-PïÅ-Æô¾ü
µÅ- Û̂-n¤-ºHã¼ü
±ôm-¤hôG-¼z-¼Ûzü
GhôP-fÞG
Physics 112 hPôÅ-D¤Å-¼ÛG-qü¼ïÅ-‚ïh-qºÛ-‚ãP-¼Û¤-Mãm-fÞP-¾-ºHã¼-Bïm-q-ŸÛGD¤Å-µÅ-GZÛÅ-Ť-hÝ-¤-V-±h-PïÅ-Tm-hÝ-ÇkïzÅ-q-¾Å-‚ãP-zºÛ-µÅ-wÞP-GÅÞ¤-qühÐPÅ-Áï¾-GP-ŸÛG-GÛ-PôÅ-GTÛG-¹â¤-G Þ̧GÅ- Û̂-Ç~äG-PôÅ-¿e¼-;ôP-;ôP-Tmü½ÀâP-G Þ̧GÅ-Ť-½ÀPÅ-G Þ̧GÅ- Û̂-hPôÅ-qô-ŸÛG-GÁï¼-G Þ̧GÅ-ÅÞ-ºHã¼-zºÛ-zMãh-¼Û¤ühPôÅ-µÅ-GP-ŸÛG-GÛÅ-JÀôG-Mãm-ºiïm-mÝÅ-ˆÛ-±hühPôÅ-µÅ-GP-ŸÛG-zMãh-hï-iôh-hP-JÀôG-Þ̧PÅ-¿e-zÞ-GmÅ-GTÛG-mÅ-GŸm-hÝ-ºwô-±ß¾üiôh-hP.ü JÀôG-hP.ü ºôh-hP-O-ÅôGÅ-zMãh-ºFÛh-‚ïh-qºÛ-hPôÅ-qôü¤-¾G-TÛG-GÛ-mP-Eôm-zÇkô¤Å-JÀôG-Þ̧PÅ-ºw¼-VG-¤ïh-q¼-GmÅ-qºÛ-Gbm-Æô¾ümÝÅ-q-mÛ-Gż-hÝ-zCæm-¤Û-fÞz-¾-¤ïh-q¼-»P-z ô̧-¤Û-fÞz-q-¤-¸hü hïºÛ-n¤-
compound
concave lens
condensation
conductance
conduction
conductor
conservation ofcharge
conservation ofenergy
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;ôP-Áï¾ü
GÁï¼-wzü
zMãh-FÛh-mÝÅ-±hü
zMãh-FÛhü
zMãh-FÛh-hPôÅ-µÅü
JÀôG- Þ̧PÅ-Z¼-±GÅü
mÝÅ-q-Z¼-±GÅü
Physics 113 hPôÅ-D¤Å-¼ÛG-qüq-GTÛG-mÅ-GŸm-hÝ-ºwô-ºHã¼-ºIô-z-®¤-¾Å-mÝÅ-qºÛ-Eôm-zÇkô¤Å- Û̂-±h-¾-ºHã¼-z-Gbm-mÅ-¤ïh-qºÛ-¼P-zŸÛmüºyâ¾-ºDô¼-WÛ-ºi-ŸÛG-»Ûm-¼ÞP-hï¼-¤Dô-vôh-‚Å-qºÛ-mÝÅ-q-hï-¾Å-¿ËG-qºÛ-mÝÅ-ÁÝGÅ-xÛ¼-ºhôm-‚ïh-¤Û-fÞz-qºÛ-¼P-zŸÛmü½Àm-GÁï¼-¼P-ZÛh- Û̂-ºGݾ-Bôh-¾-zdïm-mÅ-½Àm-GÁï¼-HÛ-hPôÅ-qôºÛ-V-GTÛG-mÅ-GTÛG-bà-±-iôh-ºwô-±ß¾ü¼P-ZÛh-zMãh-mÅ-ºôh- ï̧¼-n¤Å-w-¼ô¾-HÛ-GmÅ-GTÛG-bà-zÇkÝ-qºÛ-hÐPÅ-Áï¾ühÐPÅ-Áï¾-GP-ŸÛG-GÛ-PôÅ-GTÛG-xÛ-PôÅ-ÅÞ-ºzÞ¼-züºyâ¾-ºDô¼-Í-¤ºÛ-zMãh-hï-ºDô¼-MãG-‚ïh-qº¤ü »P-m-ºyâ¾-ºDô¼-HÛ-V-ÁÅ-ÁÛG-GÛ-fôG-bà-ºzz-Çeïü ±-iôh-GTôG-‚ïh- Û̂-GÁï¼-µÅ-ÁÛG-Íï¤-qÛ-»¼-GTÛG-¿km-HÛ-JÀôG-Mãm-ŸÛG-Ç+¼-V-GTÛG-GÛ-mP-zMãh-FÛh-hPôÅ-µÅ-ÁÛG-GÛ-mP-Mã-zºÛ-JÀôG- Þ̧PÅ- Û̂-±h-GŸÛüÅô¼-GmÅ-JÀôG-Mãm-hrh-¼ÛG-GÛ-GŸÛ-
conservation ofenergy formachines
convection
converging lens
convex lens
coolant
coulomb
coulomb’s law
ºyâ¾-ºDô¼-HÛ-mÝÅ-q-zhG-ÆâP.ü
±-iôh-ºwô-Mãü
ÇkÝh-Áï¾ü
ºzÞ¼-Áï¾ü
IP-zÅÛ¾-GbôP-‚ïhü
DÞ-¾ô¤ü
DÞ-¾ô¤-PïÅ-Æô¾ü
Physics 114 hPôÅ-D¤Å-¼ÛG-qü¯ºÛ-PïÅ-hôm-ŸÛG-Çeïü JÀôG- Þ̧PÅ-Tm-HÛ-lݾ-GZÛÅ-z¼-HÛ-ÁÝGÅ-±h-mÛü hï-GZÛÅ- Û̂-JÀôG- Þ̧PÅ-±h- Û̂-zNå¼-fôz-hP-fh-;¼-±h-¤Z¤-»Ûm-¾-y-lݾ-¼P-Nå¼-hP-¾ÞGÅ-¿kôG-±h-¤Z¤-»Ûm-±ß¾ülݾ-ym-HÛ-¾Þ-GÝ-zMãh- Û̂-ºHã¼-¿kôG-TÛG-Mãm-zÆÛP-z¼-¤Dô-zºÛ-ºz¼-GÅ-¼ÞP-zºÛ-ZÝP-¤fºÛ-Mã-Vüiôh-±h-hï-hP-zL¾-m-Gmôm-ÁÝGÅ-WÛ-®¤-ŸÛG-vh-ˆP-GÁï¼-G Þ̧GÅ-ÅÞ-ºHã¼-¤Û-fÞz-qºÛ-iôh-±hüºHïh-ºyôºÛ-±h-GŸÛ-ŸÛG-Çeïü ºHïh-ºyôºÛ-mÝÅ-q-Tm-HÛ-µÅ-ÁÛG-Ç+¼-V-¼ï¼-GÅ-fô¼-ºIô-fïPÅ- 3.7 x 10-10GÛ-IPÅ-ºzô¼-hP-¤±ßPÅ-q-»ÛmüzMãh-FÛh-hPôÅ-µÅ-ÁÛG-zMãh-hï-Mã-zºÛ-JÀôG- Þ̧PÅüGbm-hÝ-GmÅ-qºÛ-Dz-¾ïm-Ez-¼-uh-hïü y-lݾ-n¤Å-hÝP-ºEÛ¾-hÝ-ºwÞ¾-ºhïh- Û̂Å-¥ã¼-±h-Çtô¼-zºÛ-»ô-VÅüatomic mass unit ¾-¿eôÅüDz-¾ïm-HÛÅ-ºwÞ¾-zºÛ-hPôÅ-¼ÛGÅ-
critical mass
criticaltemperature
curie
current
cyclotron
dalton
diamagnetic
Zï¼-¤DôºÛ-zôPÅ-±hü Zï¼-¤DôºÛ-GhôÅ-±hü
Zï¼-¤DôºÛ-iôh-±hü
ˆã-¼Û×ü
JÀôG-Mãmü
lݾ-ym-Ç+ô¼-‚ïhü
^¾-‡ômüDz-¾ïm-HÛÅ-¿kôG-qºÛü
Physics 115 hPôÅ-D¤Å-¼ÛG-qüŤ-hï-hP-ºƒï¾-zºÛ-hPôÅ-µÅüJÀôG-G¤-»P-m-zMãh-FÛh- Û̂-mÝÅ-q-È-TP-Ÿm-qºÛ-hPôÅ-µÅ-bïü Áï¾-hP-h;¼-»ô¾-¿e-zÞühPôÅ-µÅ-ÁÛG-GÛ-mP-hÝ-JÀôG-GÛ-Ez-¼-ºGôG-mÝÅ- Û̂-±h-GŸÛüºGôG-Aïm-ŸÛG-hP-fÞG-qº¤ü »P-m-½ÀzÅ-hïºÛ-½ÀzÅ-fG-hP-¤Z¤-qºÛ-zÞ-GÝ-zMãh-mÅ-fôm-XïÅ- Û̂-½ÀzÅ- Û̂-D-xôGÅ-hP-ÁÝGÅ-±h- Û̂-ºHã¼-¿kôGPôÅ- ç̄z-¤ô-ŸÛG-GÛ-ÇeïP-mÅ-xÛ¼-¿kôG-qºÛ-ºWâG-ºyôºÛ-ºôh-D-ºfô¼-hÝ-ºIô-±ß¾üz¼-fG-y-¤ôÅ-Vôh-qºÛ-ÁÝGÅ-±h-¤Z¤-¼ÞP-wm-±ßm-¤Û-¤fÞm-qºÛ-JÀôG-mÝÅ-Ť-Dz-¾ïm-HÛ-Çoï-GZÛÅü¤fôP-fÞz-qºÛ-ºôh-TÛG-ºEôG-ºyôº¤-GÝG-ºyôºÛ-hzP-GÛÅ-D-hôG-Åô-Åô¼-º‚ïh-±ß¾üwÞP-G Þ̧GÅ-ÁÛG-GmÅ-GTÛG-mÅ-GmÅ-GŸm-ŸÛG-bà-ÇtôÅ-qºÛ-z¼-fG-GÛ-V-±hüºôh-hP-O-¿e-zÞºÛ-½ÀzÅ- Û̂-º‚ãP-fïPÅ-
dielectric
dielectricconstant
diffraction
diffusion
dipole
dispersion
displacement
doppler effect
JÀôG-Mã-Ÿm-µÅü
JÀôG-Mã-Ÿm-µÅ-Åô¼-GmÅü
ºEôG-ºyôü
ºfô¼-ºyôü
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Physics 116 hPôÅ-D¤Å-¼ÛG-qühï-º‚ãP-GmÅ-hP-¿e-¤Dm-m¤ü Zm-¤Dm-wm-±ßm-¿eôÅ-zTÅ- Û̂-ºGݾ-Bôh-»ôh-±ïü MP-fG-Wï-¼ÛP-hÝ-ºIô-Ç+zÅ-VG-qº¤ü »P-m-Wï-Zï¼-ÇÀïzÅ-Ç+zÅ-ºw¼-zºÛ-ÇoP-±ß¾üºyâ¾-VÅ-ÁÛG-GÛ-ÇeïP-hÝ-¾Å-¯ô¾-‚Å-q-¾Å-wm-fôGÅ-Tm-HÛ-¾Å- ô̄¾-hÝ-zNå¼-zºÛ-zM-VüGhôP-fÞG-zMz-qºÛ-hPôÅ-qô-hï-hG-GÛ-h‚ÛzÅ-¤-Z¤Å-qº¤-±-iôh-¤-zBïh-q¼-zB¼-¿kôG-‚ïh-±ß¾ühPôÅ-µÅ-ÁÛG-GÛ-ÇeïP-z ô̧-h‚ÛzÅ-Z¤Å-‚ïh- Û̂-ÁÝGÅ-ÁÛG-GÛÅ-Gmôm-±ïü hïºÛ-h‚ÛzÅ-G Þ̧GÅ-ºHã¼-z-hP.ü m¤-ŸÛG-ÁÝGÅ-hï-xÛ¼-ºfïm-‚Å-±ï-ÇS¼-HÛ-h‚ÛzÅ-G Þ̧GÅ-¼P-Åô¼-Vßh-qºÛ-Eh-VôÅü1ü JÀôG-Mãm-MãG-qº¤-MãG-ÆÛh-qºÛ-
¤fÞh-¤±¤Å-Tm-HÛ-Mã-¾¤-ŸÛG2ü JÀôG-¾¤-HÛÅ-£ï¾-zºÛ-ºyâ¾-VÅ-
¤-¾GJÀôG- Þ̧PÅ- Û̂Å-zCæm-qºÛ-mÝÅ-q-ŸÛG-»ôh-qºÛ-n¤-q-Tm-HÛ-Å-DÞ¾üJÀôG-mÝÅ-Ez-¼-GP-ŸÛG-GÛÅ-JÀôG- Þ̧PÅ-
efficiency
elastic collision
elasticity
electric circuit
electric field
electric potential
¾Å-Vôhü
Åô¼-Vßh-GhôP-fÞG
m¼-¿kï¤ü
JÀôG-¾¤ü
JÀôG-mÝÅ-Ez-¼ü
JÀôG-GÛ-mÝÅ-±hü
Physics 117 hPôÅ-D¤Å-¼ÛG-qüG»ô-ºGݾ-‚ïh-q¼-¤Dô-zºÛ-¾Å- ô̄¾-HÛ-±hüGbm-±ßGÅ-Ť-G»ô-ºGݾ-Tm-HÛ-JÀôG- Þ̧PÅ-»ôh-qºÛ-mÝÅ-qüJÀôG-hP.ü Dz-¾ïm-HÛ-¼P-zŸÛm-hP.üµÅ-¢ô¼-HÛ-ºVÛP-M-hP.ü hï-zŸÛm-ºôh-fï-zºÛ-JÀôG-ÁÝGÅ-Dz-¾ïm-HÛ-ºHïh-ºyôºÛ-n¤-q-¤fº-hG-GÛ-JÀôG- Þ̧PÅ-hP-JÀôG-hP-Dz-¾ïm-HÛ-Ez-¼ºÛ-uôh-±ß¾-hP-ºƒï¾-GbàG-‚-±ß¾-zTÅ- Û̂-ÇoP-±ß¾-Ço-±ôGÅ-qü¾ïz-‡ôm-EÛ¤-±P-hÝ-GbôGÅ-qºÛ-G»ô-¤ïh- Û̂-GhôÅ-±h-JË-¼¤- 9.107 x
10-28 hP-¼ôz- Û̄Å-¿e¼-m-JÀôG-Þ̧PÅ-DÞ-¾ô¤- -1.602 x 10-19Tm-HÛ-zdm-qºÛ-©P-GŸÛºÛ-y-lݾüJÀôG-lݾ-GÅôG-ºWôG-GÛ-fzÅ-¾-zdïm-mÅ-¿UGÅ-¼ÛGÅ-GTÛG-GÛ-ÇeïP-hÝ-¿UGÅ-¼ÛGÅ-GŸm-ŸÛG-GÛ- Û̄-GbôP-fzÅüºGݾ-MãG-¤ïh-qºÛ-JÀôG-GÛ- Þ̧PÅ-¾-hrh-qºÛ-hPôÅ-D¤Å-¼ÛG-qüô̄¾-z-‚ïh-fÞz-qºÛ-mÝÅ-ÁÝGÅ-bïühqï¼-mü mÝÅ-ÁÝGÅ-uh-hï-zôPÅ-±h-
electricity
electromagnetism
electron
electroplating
electrostatics
energy
JÀôG
JÀôG-ÁÝGÅ-Dz-¾ïm-HÛ-¼P-GÁÛÅü
JÀôG-lݾü ¤ô-lݾü
JÀôG-¯Ûü
Åô¼-GmÅ-JÀôG-Mãm-¼ÛG-qü
mÝÅ-ÁÝGÅü
Physics 118 hPôÅ-D¤Å-¼ÛG-qüTm-HÛ-hPôÅ-qô-ŸÛG-ºGݾ-z-¿e-zÞºôü¤ï-ÁÝGÅ-ºwÞ¼-¤hº-ÅôGÅ-z¼-ÇoP-xÛ-¤¼-GbôP-MãºÛ-hPôÅ-qô-ŸÛG-źÛ-Gô-¾-¿e-zÞºÛ-GôP-zÞ-ŸÛG-GÛ-ºfïm-ÁÝGÅ-¾Å-Iô¾-z¼-hGôÅ-PïÅ- Û̂-¥ã¼-±hü¤ô-lݾ-hP-wô-lݾü z¼-lݾ-GP-»P-¼ÞP-z-GTÛG-GÛ- ï̧GÅ-lݾ-GZÛÅ-;ôm-‡¤-GmÅ-¾ÞGÅ-GTÛG-GÛ-mP-hÝÅ-¤Z¤-hÝ-GmÅ-¤Û-fÞz-qºÛ-PP-±ß¾üJÀôG-ÁÝGÅ-Dz-¾ïm-HÛ-ºHïh-ºyô¼-GTï¼-Gbh-‚ïh-Ç+zÅ-ÅÞ-ºôh-º‚Ûm-qºÛ-hPôÅ-µÅ-ÁÛG hqï¼-mü ¤fôP-fÞz-qºÛ-ºôh-h¤ü »P-m- x- ºyô-ºôh-¿e-zÞ-ºôh-xãP-zºÛ-GÁÛÅ-uôhü¤ï-¾ôP-P¤-hÐPÅ-Áï¾-HÛ-PôÅ-mÅ-hïºÛ-ºôh- ï̧¼-ºhÝ-¤±¤Å-z¼-HÛ-MP-fGhÐPÅ-Áï¾-¤-¾G-GÛ-ºôh- ï̧¼-¼¤-ºHïh-ºyôºÛ-ºôh-GmÅ-GTÛG-bà-ºhÝ-zº¤ü¿kôG-ºyôºÛ-ºôh- ï̧¼-D-HïÅ-q¼-ÇoP-zºÛ-GmÅ-ÁÛGwÞP-G Þ̧GÅ-ÁÛG-GÛ-¤HôGÅ-±h-h¤üD-xôGÅ-Ťü »P-m-z ô̧-h‚ÛzÅ-Nå¼-z¼-‚ïh-qºÛ-Aïm-GP-»P-¼ÞP-züGô-¾ºÛ-ºfïm-ÁÝGÅ-Dô-mÅ-Aïm-qºÛ-
ƒôÅ-±hü
GŸm-Åï¾-Gbm-Æô¾ü
xï-lݾ-ºôh-¸ï¼-ºyô-¾ÞGÅü
ºhÝ-GmÅ-¼ÛP-±hü
ºhÝ-GmÅü
ÁÝGÅü
¼P-¿ËàP.ü
escape speed
exclusionprinciple
fluorescence
Focal length
focus
force
free fall
Physics 119 hPôÅ-D¤Å-¼ÛG-qüºGݾ-BôhühPôÅ-qô-GZÛÅ- Û̂-PôÅ-wm-±ßm-ºyh-qºÛ-hzP-GÛÅ-hPôÅ-qô-GTÛG-GÛÅ-hPôÅ-qô-GŸm-ŸÛG-GÛ-ºGݾ-Bôh-ºGôG-qºÛ-mÝÅ-ÁÝGÅüºôh-wm-±ßm-ºfz-qº¤-ºEôG-ºyôºÛ-hzP-¾Å-‚ãP-zºÛ-h;¼-V-mG-VºÛ-Áh-¼ÛÅüzôPÅ-±h-È-TP-Vï-zºÛ-wÞP-G Þ̧GÅ-ÁÛG-¼P-GÛ-Zï-ºDô¼-HÛ-zôPÅ-±h-Vï-zºÛ-wÞP-G Þ̧GÅ-GŸm-ŸÛG-GÛ-ÇeïP-hÝ-ºwôÅ-qºÛ-ÁÝGÅ-Aïm-Ez-»Þ¾ü ºhÛºÛ-ºW¾-±h-mÛü ;Û-¾ô-¼ï-¼ï¼-mÛºÞ-‡ôm-WÛ-»ôh-z Û̄-hGôÅüzôPÅ-±h-Tm-HÛ-hPôÅ-qô-±P-¤Å-wm-±ßm-ºfïm-¼ïÅ-‚ïh-qºÛ-©P-GŸÛºÛ-mÝÅ-ÁÝGÅüm¼-¿kï¤-Tm-HÛ-hPôÅ-µÅ-ºfïm-qº¤-z®Û¼-zºÛ-±h-hP.ü hïºÛ-ÇeïP-zz-qºÛ-ÁÝGÅ-hP-fh-;¼-±h-¤Z¤-q¼-ºhôh-±ß¾ü¤Dº-½ÀâP-mP-hÝ-VߺÛ-½ÀPÅ-q-¤P-ZÝP-WÛ-®¤-»ôh-qºÛ-ºzô¼-±hü hï-¾-¿eôÅ-zTÅ-hP-¿eôÅ-¤ïh- Û̂-zŸº-±m-GZÛÅ-
zl¼-ÁÝGÅü
º²¼ü
ºfïm-ÁÝGÅ-Ez-¼ü
ºfïm-ÁÝGÅü
ÈàG-GÛ-PïÅ-Æô¾ü
zŸº-±mü
friction
fringes
gravitational field
gravity
Hooke’s law
humidity
Physics 120 hPôÅ-D¤Å-¼ÛG-qü»ôhüźÛ-Gô-¾ºÛ-ÇeïP-ºôG-z¼-GÅÞ¤-hÝ-»ôh-qºÛ-VߺÛ-n¤-q-f¤Å-Th-¾-¸ï¼-bïühïºÛ-mP-Å-ÇeïP-GÛ-Vß-hP.ü M-¤±ô-hP.ü¤±ô-hP.ü MãG-Vß-hP.ü Å-ºôG-GÛ-Vß-hP.ü hï-zŸÛm-GPÅ-hP.ü ºEGÅ-q-hP-½ÀâP-D¤Å-mP-GÛ-Vß-zTÅ-ºhÝÅ-»ôhühÐPÅ-Áï¾-hP-¤ï-¾ôP-GÛ-Eh-VôÅ-¾-zdïm-mÅ-‚ãP-zºÛ-hPôÅ-G Þ̧GÅ-ÁÛG-GÛ-G Þ̧GÅ-z½‰m-m¤-hïºÛ-Pô-zÁÝÅ- Û̂-G Þ̧GÅühPôÅ-qô-TÛG-GÛ-ÇeïP-hÝ-mÝÅ-ÁÝGÅ-ÁÛG-ºzz-qºÛ-ÁÝGÅ-hï-hP.ü hïºÛ-hÝÅ-»Þm-GZÛÅ-wm-±ßm-zNå¼-zºÛ-zNå¼-fôzüGhôP-fÞG-zMz-qºÛ-hPôÅ-qô-hï-hG-GÛ-z ô̧-h‚ÛzÅ-Z¤Å-q-hP-iôh-Bï-zü h-hÝP-wm-±ßm-º‚¼-ÆÛh-qºÛ-GhôP-fÞG-TÛGhPôÅ-µÅ-GP-ŸÛG-GÛÅ-¼P-GÛ-ºGݾ-Bôh- Û̂-¼P-zŸÛm-¾-ºwô-ºHã¼-ºôP-z¼-ºGôG-fzÅ-‚ïh-qºÛ-ÇoP-±ß¾ü¤ÛG-GÛÅ-¤fôP-fÞz-qºÛ-ºôh- Û̂-±h-¾ôPÅ-¾-Dh- Û̂-º‚ãP-fïPÅ-Tm-HÛ-JÀôG-
hydrosphere
Image
impulse
inelastic collision
inertia
infrared rays
Vß-»Û-h Û̂¾-ºDô¼ü VߺÛ-D¤Åü
ÇoP-z½‰mü
P¼-ÁÝGÅü
Åô¼-¤Û-Vßh-qºÛ-GhôP-fÞG
ºGôG-ÁÝGÅ-¼P-GÁÛÅü
h¤¼-xÛºÛ-ºôh-¸ï¼ü
Physics 121 hPôÅ-D¤Å-¼ÛG-qüÁÝGÅ-Dz-¾ïm-HÛ-½ÀzÅ-Mãm-hï-mÛ-ºHïh-ºyôºÛ-iôh-hP-¤Z¤-q-»ÛmüGmÅ-Ç+zÅ-GP-¼ÞP-ŸÛG-GÛ-¤HôGÅ-±hüiôh-hP.ü JÀôG-hP.ü ºôh-hP-O-zTÅ-hï-¤Þ¼-zMãh-GbôP-¤Û-‚ïh-qºÛ-hPôÅ-µÅ-ÁÛGº‚ãP-fïPÅ-¤±ßPÅ-qº¤ü »P-m-¤Û-¤±ßPÅ-qºÛ-½ÀzÅ-ºGº-ŸÛG-¿Ëm-hÝ-ºhÝÅ-Ç+zÅ-º‚ãP-zºÛ-½ÀzÅ- Û̂-¿kï¤-Dôh- Û̂-ºHã¼-zü¿eï-z¼-wô-lݾ-HÛ-IPÅ-¤±ßPÅ-¼ÞP-z¼-lݾ-HÛ-IPÅ-¤Û-¤±ßPÅ-qºÛ-D¤Å-µÅ-GTÛG-GÛ-lݾ-ym-GZÛÅ-Ť-hÝ-¤-¾Å-GTÛGG¸º-Ç+¼-n¤Å-ZÛ-¤-¿eï-z¼-z Þ̧P-zºÛ-¼P-¼P-GÛ-ºWôP-h‚ÛzÅ-ºDô¼-¾¤-hÝ-ºDô¼-z¼-ºhôh-±ß¾üZÛ-¤-hP-G¸º-Ç+¼-GP-»P-¼ÞP-z-ŸÛG-z¼-HÛ-fÛG-GÛÅ-hÝÅ-¤±¤Å-GTÛG-¤±ßPÅ-mP-m¤-¤DºÛ-M-Eôm-GTÛG-¤±ßPÅ-zBôh-q¼-ºhôh-±ß¾ü¾ôº¤ü ¹-zº¤ü ZÛm-IPÅ-ÅÞ-z Û̄Å-
instantaneousspeed
insulator
Interference
isotope
Kepler’s first lawof planetarymotion
Kepler’s secondlaw of planetarymotion
Kepler’s third
Ç+zÅ-fôG-¤HôGÅ-±hü
zMãh-FÛh-¤Û-‚ïh-qºÛ-µÅü
fï-ŸÝGÅü fï-‚ãÅü
GmÅ-¤Z¤-D¤Å-µÅü
;ïz-¾¼-PïÅ-Æô¾-hP-qôü
;ïz-¾¼-PïÅ-Æô¾-GZÛÅ-qü
;ïz-¾¼-PïÅ-Æô¾-GÅÞ¤-qü
Physics 122 hPôÅ-D¤Å-¼ÛG-qüqºÛ-G¸º-Ç+¼-ºDô¼-Bôh- Û̂-hÝÅ-»Þm-HÛ-¼P-Nå¼-hï-hP.ü G¸º-Ç+¼-hï-hP-ZÛ-¤ºÛ-hz¼-HÛ-V-ljô¤Å-MP-fG-hï-¿kz-GÅÞ¤-Nå¼-‚Å-q-hP-GTÛG-¤±ßPÅ-»Ûm-q¼-ºhôh-±ß¾üºGݾ-Bôh- Û̂-hzP-GÛÅ-hPôÅ-G Þ̧GÅ-Ťü ¤-¾G-TÛG-¾-»ôh-qºÛ-mÝÅ-qü¿kï¤-Dôh-È-TP-¤fô-¾-º‚ãP-fïPÅ-»ôPÅ-ÅÞ-f-hh-qºÛ-GTÛG-ºhÝÅ- Û̂-ºHïh-ºyôºÛ-ºôh-ºyô-z¼-‚ïh-qºÛ-»ô-VÅ-GP-¼ÞP-ŸÛGºWÛG-dïm-D¤Å- Û̂-wÞP-G Þ̧GÅ-f¤Å-Th-¾-wm-±ßm-GTÛG-GÛÅ-GTÛG-ºfïm-¼ïÅ-‚ïh-qºÛ-mÝÅ-q-»ôh-q-hP-ü ºfïm-ÁÝGÅ-hï-wÞP-G Þ̧GÅ-GZÛÅ- Û̂-GhôÅ-±h- Û̂-ºHã¼-fôz-hP-fh-;¼-V-¤Z¤-»Ûm-¾-wÞP-G Þ̧GÅ-GZÛÅ-hz¼-HÛ-MP-fG-GÛ-¼P-Nå¼-hP-¾ÞGÅ-¿kôG-±h-¤Z¤-»Ûm-±ß¾üxÛ-Gž-mP-Gž-HÛ-»ô-VÅ-hï-mÅ-zMãh-qºÛ-ºôh-hï-GmÅ-GTÛG-bà-ºhÝ-zº¤-D-HïÅ-qºÛ-ÇKô-mÅ-ÇoP-z½‰m-ºV¼-mÝÅ-q-ŸÛGG¸º-Ç+¼-hrh-¼ÛG-GÛ-mP-zïh-uôh-qºÛ-MP-fG-GÛ- Û̄-GŸÛ-Çeïü ºôh- Û̂Å-ÇeôP-
law of planetarymotion
kinetic energy
Laser
Law of universalgravitation
lense
light year
ºGݾ-ÇezÅ-mÝÅ-qü
¾ï-¸ï¼ü
»ôPÅ-Ez-ºfïm-ÁÝGÅ-PïÅ-Æô¾ü
hÐPÅ-Áï¾ü
ºôh-¾ôü
Physics 123 hPôÅ-D¤Å-¼ÛG-qüÅP-ŸÛG-GÛ-mP-¾ô-GTÛG-¼ÛP-zIôh-qºÛ-MP-fGDz-¾ïm-HÛ-Ez-¼-Cæm-q¼-‚ïh-qºÛ-hPôÅ-µÅ-ÁÛGJÀôG- Þ̧PÅ-G»ô-ºGݾ-HÛ-hzP-GÛÅ-ºHã¼-¿kôG-ºIô-zŸÛm-qºÛ-JÀôG-mÝÅ-Ez-»Þ¾-hP-ºƒï¾-zºÛ-mÝÅ-ÁÝGÅ-Ez-źÛ-Eômü¿Ëô-hP-‚P-GÛ-f-ljh-¢¼-zºÛ-¿UGÅ-Dz-¾ïm-HÛ-mÝÅ-q-Vï-ÁôÅ-»ôh-źÛ-Çoï-GZÛÅ-¾Å-GP-¼ÞP-ŸÛGźÛ-Gô-¾ºÛ-Dz-¾ïm-HÛ-Ez-¼ºÛ-ºHã¼-¿kôG-TÛG-Çeïü źÛ-Gô-¾ºÛ-¿Ëô-Çoï¼-Dz-¾ïm-HÛ-‚P-Çoï-hP.ü źÛ-Gô-¾ºÛ-‚P-Çoï-hP-Dz-¾ïm-HÛ-¿Ëô-Çoï-hP-D-xôGÅ-ºIÛG-±ß¾ü1ü Dz-¾ïm-HÛ-Ez-¼ºÛ-Eh-VôÅ-hP-
ÁÝGÅ-Aïmü2ü Dz-¾ïm-HÛ-Ez-¼Å-zCæm-qºÛ-mÝÅ-
ÁÝGÅüEz-¼ºÛ-ÁÝGÅ-±h-hP-D-xôGÅ-ºW¾-zºÛ-»ô-VÅü
magnet
magnetic field
magnetic pole
magnetic reversal
magnetism
magnetometer
Dz-¾ïmü
Dz-¾ïm-Ez-¼ü
Dz-¾ïm-HÛ-Çoïü
Dz-¾ïm-Gô-¿kôG
Dz-¾ïm-HÛ-¼P-GÁÛÅü
Dz-¾ïm-ºW¾-VÅü
Physics 124 hPôÅ-D¤Å-¼ÛG-qühPôÅ-G Þ̧GÅ-¼GÅ-q-ŸÛG-GÛ-zOæz-‚ºÛ-µÅ-Ťü »P-m-hPôÅ-G Þ̧GÅ-hïºÛ-mP-GÛ-µÅ- Û̂-ºzô¼-±hühPôÅ-G Þ̧GÅ-hP-hïºÛ-ÇeïP-ºzz-zŸÛm-qºÛ-mÝÅ-ÁÝGÅ-GZÛÅ-wm-±ßm-ºfz-¾ïm-¾-hrh-qºÛ-¼ÛG-qüÁÝGÅ-hP-mÝÅ-q-¿e-zÞ-ºwô-zMãh-‚ïh-źÛ-hPôÅ-µÅü±-iôh-ºhP-PïÅ-¢¼-z-¾Å-Æ-G Þ̧GÅ-Û̂-hPôÅ-µÅ-ÁÛG-GÁï¼-G Þ̧GÅ-ÅÞ-ºHã¼-zºÛ-iôh-±hüº‚ãP-fïPÅ-Èص-hÝP-xã¼-GTÛG-mÅ-fï¼-ºzÞ¤-Vïm-qô-GÅÞ¤-z¼-HÛ-JÀôG-ÁÝGÅ-Dz-¾ïm-HÛ-½ÀzÅ-ÁÛGhPôÅ-µÅ-GZÛÅ-Ť-hï-¾Å-¤P-z-ŸÛG-wm-±ßm-µÅ-ºHã¼-HÛ-Çkïz-¢ô¼-¤-»Ûm-q¼-zÆïÅ-q-ÇÀ¼-Åô-Åô¼-h‚ï-º‚ïh-fÞz-fzÅ-»ôh-q-ŸÛGlݾ-ym-GZÛÅ-Ť-hï-¾Å-¤P-z-ŸÛG-JÀôG-lݾ-fÞm-¤ôP-hÝ-uôh-qºÛ-ÇKô-mÅ-µÅ-¢ô¼-HÛ-ºVÛP-M-ŸÛG-GÛ-mP-¤Z¤-hÝ-£ï¾-z-¾-¸ï¼üxôGÅ-±h-GZÛÅ-¿km-HÛ-±h-GŸÛü wÞP-
mass
mechanics
medium
melting point
microwave
mixture
molecules
momentum
zôPÅ-±hü GhôÅ-±hü
ºfz-ÁÝGÅ-¼ÛG-qü
zMãh-¾¤ü
zŸÝ-GmÅü
y-½ÀzÅü
ºiïÅ-¤ü
Iâz-µÅü ºhÝÅ-lݾü
ºGݾ-±hü
Physics 125 hPôÅ-D¤Å-¼ÛG-qüG Þ̧GÅ-hP.ü ½ÀzÅ-hP.ü Ez-¼-ÅôGÅ-xÛ-hPôÅ- Û̂-¤-¾G-GÛ-¥ã¼-±h-hP-hïºÛ-mÝÅ-qºÛ-hz¼-HÛ-ºƒï¾-z-Çeôm-‚ïhü¹-z-»¼-PôºÛ-xïh-hP.ü ¤¼-PôºÛ-xïh-hÝ-º‚ãP-zºÛ-¡-½ÀzÅüwô-JÀôG-hP-¤ô-JÀôG-GÛ-VôÅ-ZÛh-TÛ-»P-¤Û-¿km-ŸÛP-„Ë-¼Û-»ôm-EÛ¤-±P-hÝ-GbôGÅ-qºÛ-Zï-zºÛ-lݾ-ym-HÛ- ï̧GÅ-¤ü hïºÛ-GhôÅ-±h-¾-JË-¼¤- 1.674 x
10-24 »Ûm-qÅ-JÀôG-lݾ-¾Å-¿kz-1838 ¤P-z-hP-wô-lݾ-¾Å-TßP-¸h-Vï-z-»ôhüwÞP-G Þ̧GÅ-ÁÛG-GÛ-±-iôh-Z¤Å-±ß¾-hïüwÞP-G Þ̧GÅ-hï-hP-hïºÛ-Dô¼-»ÞG-z¼-HÛ-iôh-±h- Û̂-Eh-q¼-hP-V-¤Z¤-q-»ÛmüwÞP-G Þ̧GÅ-ÁÛG-¾-WÛ-ÆÛh-mÝÅ-ÁÝGÅ-ÁÛG-¤-ºyh-q-hï-ÆÛh-hÝ-G»ô-ºGݾ-¤ïh-m-¼P-Åô¼-G»ô-¤ïh-hÝ-GmÅ-q-hP.üG¾-bï-G»ô-ºGݾ-»ôh-q-ŸÛG-»Ûm-mü¥ã¼-±h-ºw¼-VG-¤ïh-q¼-¤Þ-¤fÞh-ºGݾ-zŸÛm-hÝ-GmÅ-hGôÅüwÞP-G Þ̧GÅ-ÁÛG-GÛ-ÇeïP-hÝ-ºzz-qºÛ-ÁÝGÅ-mÛ-wÞP-G Þ̧GÅ-hïºÛ-¥ã¼-±h-ºw¼-V-hP-GhôÅ-±h- Û̂-zNå¼-fôz-hï-»Ûmü
±ïÅ-½ÀzÅ-h¤º-ÁôÅü
¤-mÛP-lݾü z¼-lݾü
mÛºÞ-‡ôm-HÛ-IP-¾ÞGÅ-PïÅ-Æô¾ü
mÛºÞ-‡ôm-HÛ-PïÅ-Æô¾-hP-qôü
mÛºÞ-‡ôm-HÛ-PïÅ-Æô¾-GZÛÅ-qü
neap tide
neutron
Newton’s law ofcooling
Newton’s firstlaw
Newton’s secondlaw
Physics 126 hPôÅ-D¤Å-¼ÛG-qü‚ïh-¾Å-WÛ-ºi-ŸÛG-»Ûm-¼ÞP.ü hï¼-hô-¤Z¤-¿kôG-¹ºÛ-‚ïh-¾Å-»ôh-hGôÅülݾ-ym-GP-ŸÛG-GÛ-¿eï-zºÛ-V-hï-h-hÝP-hݤ-zÞ-GZÛÅ-Ť-hÝ-¤¼-HïÅ-±ß¾ülݾ-ym-HÛ-ZÛP-lݾ-Çkïz-qºÛ-±ß¾-bïü‚ï-ƒG-bà-»P-½ÀâP-GÛ-ZÛP-lݾ-¾¤ü»P-zºÛ-ZÛP-lݾ-GŸm-zÇkïzÅ-q-¾Å-Èï-¾Û-»¤-HÛ-ZÛP-lݾ-¿e-zÞ-¿UÛ-zºÛ-ZÛP-lݾ-ŸÛG-Iâz-±ß¾ühݤ-zÞ¼-HïÅ-q-hP.ü ZÛP-lݾ-Çkïz-qº¤ü »P-m-ºHïh-ºyôºÛ-hzP-GÛÅ-¸h-LÝh-ºIô-z-¿e-zÞºÛ-zMãh-¼Û¤-HÛÅ-Aïm-qÅ-mÝÅ-qº¤ü »P-m-zôPÅ-±h-xãP-zü »P-m-D-fô¼-zºÛ-hzP-GÛÅ-mÝÅ-q-xãP-Çeï-lݾ-ym-HÛ-ZÛP-lݾ-HÛ-Oô¤-GŸÛ-¾-ºHã¼-z-ºIô-±ß¾ülݾ-ym-HÛ-wô-lݾ-GTÛG-G¤-hï-¾Å-¤P-z-hPü »P-½ÀâP-¾Å-GŸm-qºÛ-lݾ-ym-±P-¤ü ¤-mÛP-lݾ-GTÛG-G¤-hï-¾Å-¤P-z-GP-hÝ-ºhÝ-źÛ-lݾ-ym-HÛ-GhôÅ-±h-w¾-¤ô-Vï-±ôGÅ-qºÛ-hzÞÅ- Û̂-VüºHÛG-±Ûº¤-Áï¾-¾Å-Iâz-q-¿kï¤-ŸÛP-xÛ-mP-Gž-zºÛ-ZG-¤-GP-ŸÛG-zMãh-hïü hïºÛ-mP-GÛ-GTÛG-XïÅ-GZÛÅ-¤fÞh-
mÛºÞ-‡ôm-HÛ-PïÅ-Æô¾-GÅÞ¤-qü
ZÛP-lݾ-ºz¼-GÅü
ZÛP-lݾ-¢ô¼-Çkïzü
ZÛP-lݾ-HÛ-n¤-ºHã¼ü
¿eï-ZÛP.ü ¿eï-hzÞÅü
ºôh- Û̂-fG-¼mü
Newton’s thirdlaw
nuclear fission
nuclear fusion
nuclear reaction
nucleus
optical fiber
Physics 127 hPôÅ-D¤Å-¼ÛG-qüÛ̂-¿kôG-ºyôÅ- Û̂Å-ºôh-ºwô-zMãh-fÞz-qüºôh- Û̂-hPôÅ-G Þ̧GÅ- Û̂-Eh-GÁÛÅ-¾-zdG-qºÛ-hPôÅ-D¤Å-±m-¼ÛG-GÛ-»m-¾G1ü ºfïm-ÁÝGÅ- Û̂Å-Aïm-qÅ-m¤-
¤DºÛ-G¸º-Ç+¼-hP.ü zTôÅ-¤ºÛ-Mã-Ç+¼-¿e-zÞ-ŸÛG-wÞP-G Þ̧GÅ-GŸm-ŸÛG-¾-ºDô¼-zºÛ-Mã-¾¤ü
2ü ZÛP-lݾ-HÛ-¤fº-Ç+ô¼-hÝ-zBôh-qºÛ-JÀôG-lݾ-¾¤ü »P-m-lݾ- ï̧GÅ-GŸm-HÛ-zdm-qºÛ-;ôm-‡¤-GmÅ-zz-TÛG
Gô-¾ºÛ-ºfïm-ÁÝGÅ-Dô-mºÛ-ºôG-ºwïm-G Þ̧GÅ-ÁÛG-GÛ-ºIô-¾¤-GÝG-¤ôüG¾-bï-iôh-±h-GTÛG-qºÛ-ºôG-Æï-¢ô¼-‚Å-qºÛ-½ÀâP-G Þ̧GÅ-n¤Å-¾Å-½ÀâP-G Þ̧GÅ-GTÛG-¼P-GÛÅ-ºiïÅ-¤-hï-¼P-hP-¤Z¤-qºÛ-ÁôP-±h- Û̂-Gô-Å-z Þ̧P-mühïÅ-º‚Ûm-ÆÛh-qºÛ-Gmôm-ÁÝGÅüD¤Å-µÅ-n¤Å-¼P-GÛ-lݾ-ym-ÍP-IPÅ-hP.ü hï-hG-GÛ-JÀôG-lݾ-HÛ-z;ôh-OÛG-¿e¼-zOÛGÅ-bïü Eh-VôÅ-ºi-¤±ßPÅ- Û̂-D¤Å-µÅ-n¤Å-;-fÛG-GTÛG-bà-OÛ¾-zºÛ-¼ïºÞ-¤ÛG
optics
orbit
parabola
partial pressure
periodic table
ºôh-ÇoP-¼ÛG-qü
ºDô¼-¾¤ü
qï-¼-zô-¾¤ü GÝG-¾¤ü
V-ÁÅ-Gmôm-ÁÝGÅü
hÝÅ-ºDô¼-¼ïºÞ-¤ÛG
Physics 128 hPôÅ-D¤Å-¼ÛG-qü¤Pôm-fÞz-qºÛ-ºôh- Û̂Å-ºWâG-ºyôºÛ-JÀôG-ÁÝGÅ-Dz-¾ïm-HÛ-ºHïh-ºyô-ŸÛG-GÛÅ-hPôÅ-µÅ-ÁÛG-mÅ-JÀôG-lݾ-n¤Å-xÛ¼-ºzÞh-±ß¾üÇ+¼-ym-¾Å-Vï-ŸÛP-Ç+¼-¤-¾Å-VßP-zºÛ-z¼-ÇoP-GÛ-wÞP-G Þ̧GÅ-Vï-IÅ-ÁÛG-Çeïü hï-hG-Åô-ÅôÅ-ºôh-zCæm-¤Û-fÞz-ˆP-ü ¼P-ZÛh-GP-¾-ºDô¼-zºÛ-Ç+¼-¤ºÛ-ºôh- Û̂Å-Gž-z¼-‚ïh-hôühPôÅ-µÅ- Û̂-GmÅ-Ç+zÅ-zŸÛ-q-Çeïü Æ-G Þ̧GÅ-hP.ü ½ÀâP-G Þ̧GÅ-hP-GÁï¼-G Þ̧GÅ- Û̂-n¤-q-GÅÞ¤-¾Å-GŸm-qºÛ-lݾ-¤-±P-zº¤ü ¼P-G¼-GmÅ-qºÛ-JÀôG-lݾ-Tm-HÛ-hPôÅ-G Þ̧GÅüwÞP-G Þ̧GÅ-GP-ŸÛG-¾-¼P-GÛ-GmÅ-ÇePÅ- Û̂-hzP-GÛÅ-»ôh-qºÛ-mÝÅ-qüÛ̄-GŸÛºÛ-M-Eôm-GTÛG-GÛ-ÇeïP-Mãm-¿km-hÝ-ºzz-qºÛ-ÁÝGÅ-Ťü »P-m-ÁÝGÅ-hP-Å-Eôm-GZÛÅ- Û̂-Çkݼ-fP-hï-»ÛmülôG-G Þ̧GÅ-ÁÛG-GÛ-©P-GŸÛº¤-»P-m-hïºÛ-¤fº-n¤Å-wm-±ßm-z ô̧-h‚ÛzÅ-hP-Vï-VßP-ºi-¤±ßPÅ-»Ûm-q-¤-¸hühïºÛ-PôÅ-JÀÛP-n¤Å-¼ï-¼ï-zŸÛm-fh-GÁÛz-Iâ-zŸÛ-¤ºÛ-h‚ÛzÅ-ÅÞ-PïÅ-qºÛ-z ô̧-h‚ÛzÅü
photoelectriceffect
planet
plasma
potential energy
pressure
prism
ºôh- Û̂Å-JÀôG-lݾ-ºzÞh-qºÛ-mÝÅ-qü
G¸ºü
q-¾²-¤ü ¥G-¤ü
GmÅ-ÇezÅ- Û̂-mÝÅ-qü
Gmôm-ÁÝGÅü
ºWº-Áï¾-(h‚ÛzÅü)
Physics 129 hPôÅ-D¤Å-¼ÛG-qüGô-¾ºÛ-ºfïm-ÁÝGÅ- Û̂-ÁÝGÅ-Aïm-ºôG-½ÀâP-D¤Å-Ť-z¼-ÇoP-hÝ-Mã-zºÛ-hPôÅ-G Þ̧GÅ-ÁÛG„Ëï-¼Û-»ôm-EÛ¤-±P-hÝ-GbôGÅ-qºÛ-zdm-GmÅ-y-lݾ-ŸÛG hïºÛ-GhôÅ-±h-JË-¼¤- 1.672 x 10-21 »Ûmü hï-¾-JÀôG- Þ̧PÅ-wô-DÞ-¾ô¤- 1.602 x
10-19 ®¤-»ôhümÝÅ-ÁÝGÅ-hP-ü Þ̧¼-DÞG ºGݾ-±h-¿e-zÞ-V-ÁÅ-zGô-¤Û-fÞz-qºÛ-¤Pôm-q¼-Gž-¾-»ôPÅ-ÅÞ-f-hh-qºÛ-hPôÅ-qôºÛ-Eh-VôÅü;ôm-‡¤-ÁÝGÅ-hrh-¼ÛG-qºÛ-fzÅ-¾-zdïm-mÅ-hPôÅ-qôºÛ-GÁÛÅ-¾ÞGÅ-ºGº-¼ï¼-ºIï¾-zXôh-‚ïh-qºÛ-n¤-GŸGº‚ãP-GmÅ-ÁÛG-mÅ-ºôh- ï̧¼-¼¤-½ÀzÅ-Û̂-n¤-q¼-ºHïh-qºÛ-mÝÅ-qü hqï¼-mü±-iôh-hP.ü ºôhü O-¿e-zÞºôüºôh- Û̂-ºhÝ-GmÅ-Pô-¤-¾Å-‚ãP-zºÛ-ÇoP-z½‰müºôh-hP-O-¿e-zÞºÛ-½ÀzÅ-ÁÛG-hPôÅ-qô-GŸm-hP-ºyh-qºÛ-Aïm-HÛÅ-ºyh-¤±¤Å-D-xôGÅ-GŸm-hÝ-ºHã¼-±ß¾ü
projectile
proton
quantum
quantum theory
radiation
real image
reflection
NôGÅ-hPôÅü
wô-lݾü
;ôm-‡¤ü
;ôm-‡¤-n¤-GŸG
ºHïh-ºyôü
ÇoP-z½‰m-Pô-¤ü
¿kôG-ºyôü
Physics 130 hPôÅ-D¤Å-¼ÛG-qürefraction
resistance
rotational speed
satellite
scalar quantity
ºEôG-ºyôü
ºGôG-ÁÝGÅü
ºDô¼-±hü
ºDô¼-Ç+¼ü
GŸ¾-¼ÞP-ºzô¼-±hü
ºôh-hP-OºÛ-½ÀzÅ-¿e-zÞ-ŸÛG-ÇeàG-±h-¤Û-ºi-zºÛ-zMãh-¾¤-GTÛG-mÅ-GŸm-hÝ-Bôh-Ç+zÅ-½ÀzÅ-hïºÛ-D-xôGÅ-ºEôG-±ß¾ü1ü zl¼-ÁÝGÅ-¿e-zÞºÛ-mÝÅ-q-ŸÛG-GÛÅ-
hPôÅ-qôºÛ-ºGݾ-Bôh- Û̂-¿kôG-xôGÅ-ÅÞ-¤mm-bï-hPôÅ-qô-hïºÛ-ºGݾ-Bôh-ºGôG-qº¤-h¾-hÝ-GbôP-ÇePÅü
2ü hPôÅ-µÅ-ÁÛG-GÛÅ-JÀôG-Mãm-ºwô-z-¾-ºGôG-Aïm-WÛ-ljïh-z ô̧-zºÛ-±hühïºÛ-±h-GŸÛ-Íö¤-HÛÅ-ºW¾-z-»Ûmü
hÝÅ- Û̂- Û̄-GŸÛ-PïÅ-Tm-ŸÛG-GÛ-mP-Ç+ô¼-z-WÛ-®¤-ºDô¼-zºÛ-D-IPÅü Ç+zÅ-w¾-¤ô-Vï¼-Ç+¼-Vº¤-Ç+¼-¤-¼ï-¼ï¼-ºDô¼-fïPÅ-WÛ-»Ûm-HÛÅ-ºW¾-z-»ÛmüwÞP-qô-Vï-z-ŸÛG-GÛ-¤fº-ºDô¼-hÝ-ºDô¼-¾¤-PïÅ-Tm-fôG-Mã-zºÛ-wÞP-qô-VßP-z-ŸÛGV-±h-GŸ¾-hÝ-»ôh-ˆP-D-xôGÅ-z Þ̧P-hÝ-¤ïh-qºÛ-ºzô¼-V-ŸÛG hqï¼-m-GhôÅ-±h-hP-ü ÁôP-±h-hP-ü ¤HôGÅ-±h-¿e-zÞºôü
Physics 131 hPôÅ-D¤Å-¼ÛG-qühPôÅ-µÅ-GP-ŸÛG-GÛ-zôPÅ-±h- Û̂- Û̄-GŸÛ-¼ï-¼ï¼-iôh-±h-WÛ-®¤-ºw¼-z-hP.ühPôÅ-qô-hï¼-iôh- Û̂-mÝÅ-q-WÛ-®¤-ÅÛ¤-q-GZÛÅ- Û̂-wm-±ßm-zÇkݼ-zºÛ-VühÝÅ-±ôh- Û̂- Û̄-GŸÛ-ŸÛG-GÛ-mP-WÛ-®¤-Bôh-qºÛ-MP-fGZÛ-¤-hP-ü Å-GŸÛ-hP-¹-z-n¤Å-iP-fÛG-GTÛG-bà-GmÅ-qºÛ-hzP-GÛÅ-hÝÅ-½ÀzÅ-¤fô-z-n¤Å-V-ljô¤Å-¾Å-¤fô-z-hP.ü hÝÅ-½ÀzÅ-h¤º-z-n¤Å-V-ljô¤Å-¾Å-h¤º-zºÛ-ÇoP-±ß¾üG®ô-zô-¹-zºÛ-ºfïm-ÁÝGÅ- Û̂-hzP-GÛÅ-Å-GŸÛºÛ-ÇeïP-GÛ-M-¤±ô-hP.ü ¤±ô-hP-¤±ô-DÞG-n¤Å- Û̂-Vß-D-ºwï¾-ºIÛz-ºIô-ÇePÅü1ü ¤ÛºÛ-n-zºÛ-fôÅ-±h-¾Å-zL¾-qºÛ-
º‚ãP-fïPÅ-Tm-HÛ-Oü(¼ôz- Û̄Å-‚Å-m-Èص-ZÛÅ-FÛ-®¤ü)
2ü ¤ÛºÛ-fôÅ-±h-¾Å-zL¾-zºÛ-O-½ÀzÅ-¾ÞÅ- Û̂-mP-zbP-z-xÛ¼-¿kôG-‚ãP-z-¾Å-zbz-qºÛ-G Þ̧GÅ-z½‰m-¾ïm-fzÅ-ÁÛG
ºôh-½ÀzÅ- Û̂-±h-¾Å-fÞP-»P-ºôh- ï̧¼-HÛ-½ÀzÅ-¾Å-¼ÛP-zºÛ-Çä̈G-¤±¤Å-mP-GÛ-ºHïh-ºyôºÛ-ºôh- ï̧¼ü
specific heatcapacity
speed
spring tide
tide
ultra sound
ultraviolet light
iôh-G Þ̧P-mÝÅ-qü
¤HôGÅ-±hü
hrÛh-½ÀzÅü
hÝÅ-½ÀzÅü
1ü fôÅ-±h-zL¾-Oü2ü zL¾-OºÛ-JÀôG-q¼ü
ǨäG-xÛºÛ-ºôhü
Physics 132 hPôÅ-D¤Å-¼ÛG-qüzï¤-G Þ̧GÅ-hP.ü mÝÅ-qü m¤-¤Dº-WÛ-ljïh-f¤Å-Th-ºhÝÅ-qºÛ-uÛ-¤ÛP.üxôGÅ-¿km-ºzô¼-±h-¤±ôm-‚ïh-hÝ-z;ôh-qºÛ-±h-GŸÛ-PïÅ-qºÛ-¤hº-dGÅüV-±h-hP-D-xôGÅ-GZÛÅ-;-Tm-HÛ-ºzô¼-Vü hqï¼-mü ÁÝGÅ-±h-hP.ü¥ã¼-±h-hP.ü ¥ã¼-±h-ºw¼-V-¿e-zÞºôüºGݾ-Bôh- Û̂-D-xôGÅ-PïÅ-qºÛ-hPôÅ-qôºÛ-¤HôGÅ-±hüG Þ̧GÅ-z½‰m-GP-¾Å-¿kôG-qº¤-ºEôG-qºÛ-ºôh- ï̧¼-hï-hG-D-HïÅ-q¼-ÇoP-±ß¾ü hqï¼-mü PôÅ-¾ïz-¤ô-Tm-HÛ-¤ï-¾ôP-ŸÛG-GÛ-mP-G Þ̧GÅ-z½‰m-¤fôP-±ß¾-¿e-zÞüJÀôG-¾¤-HÛ-GmÅ-GP-ŸÛG-bà-JÀôG-ÁÝGÅ- Û̂-±h-ºW¾-zºÛ- Û̄-GŸÛüºGݾ-ºFâG-TÛG-zMãh-¾¤-ŸÛG-zMãh-hï-ºIô-Ç+zÅ-hïºÛ-mÝÅ-ÁÝGÅ-zMãh-¾¤-GP-ŸÛG-GÛ-y-lݾ-GTÛG-mÅ-GTÛG-bà-ºwô-MãG-‚ïh-ˆP.ü zMãh-¾¤-hï¼-Gbm-ºWGÅ- Û̂-ºHã¼-z-¤Û-ÅôP-züºôh-hP-ü iôh-ÅôGÅ-mÝÅ-qºÛ-½ÀzÅ- Û̂-
universe
vector
vector quantity
velocity
virtual image
volt
wave
wave length
ºWÛG-dïm-HÛ-D¤Åü
xôGÅ-¿km-¤hº-dGÅü
xôGÅ-¿km-ºzô¼-±hü
¥ã¼-±hü
ÇoP-z½‰m-¿e¼-ÇoP.ü
JÀôG-GÛ-ÁÝGÅ-±hü ¶ô¾‡ü
½ÀzÅü
½ÀzÅ- Û̂-¼ÛP-±hü
Physics 133 hPôÅ-D¤Å-¼ÛG-qü
weight
weightlessness
work
work-energytheorem
¿YÛhü
¿YÛh-¤ïh-¼P-zŸÛmü
ô̄¾-zü
ô̄¾-mÝÅ-n¤-GŸG
ï̄-¤ôº¤- ï̧-ºGô-GZÛÅ-hz¼-HÛ-MP-fGhPôÅ-qô-ŸÛG-źÛ-Gô-¾º¤-z¼-ÇoP-GÛ-ºfïm-ÁÝGÅ- Û̂Å-wÞP-G Þ̧GÅ-GŸm-ŸÛG-GÛÅ-¿eï-zºÛ-xôGÅ-ÅÞ-±ß¼-ºGÝG-qºÛ-ÁÝGÅü¼P-¿ËàP-GÛ-Ç+zÅ-ÅÞ-hPôÅ-qô-ŸÛG-¾-ºhïGÅ-Bô¼-HÛ-ÁÝGÅ-GŸm-TÛ-»P-¤ïh-qºÛ-GmÅ-ÇePÅ-ÁÛGhPôÅ-qô-ŸÛG-GÛ-ÇeïP-hÝ-zzÅ-qºÛ-mÝÅ-ÁÝGÅ-hP-ü hïÅ-MP-fG-WÛ-®¤-ºGݾ-z-GZÛÅ- Û̂-hPôÅ-qô-hïºÛ-Nå¼-fôzühPôÅ-qô-ŸÛG-GÛ-ÇeïP-hÝ-‚Å-qºÛ- ô̄¾-z-hï-hPôÅ-qô-hï¼-fôz-qºÛ-mÝÅ-q-hP-¤±ßPÅ-q¼-ºhôh-±ß¾ü
Physics 134 hPôÅ-D¤Å-¼ÛG-qü
Chemistry µÅ-¢ô¼-¼ÛG-qü135
zl-Vh-Gbm-ºzïzÅ-¾Å-ºV¼üTIBETAN TERMINOLOGY PROJECT
µÅ-¢ô¼-¼ÛG-qºÛ-zl-VhüCHEMISTRY TERMS
zôh-GŸÝP-Ǩm-¯ÛÅ-DP.hP.ü ÁïÅ-¼ÛG-¯ô¤-OÛG-±m-qüMEN-TSE-KHANG & PUBLICATION CELL / DOE
Chemistry 136 µÅ-¢ô¼-¼ÛG-qü D¤Å-µÅ-hÝÅ-ºDô¼-¼ïºÞ-¤ÛG ( Periodic Table of Elements)
lݾ-IPÅü1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
D¤Å-µÅüHydrogen
Helium
Lithium
Beryllium
Boron
Carbon
Nitrogen
Oxygen
Fluorine
Neon
Sodium
Magnesium
Aluminium
Silicon
Phosphorus
Sulphur
Chlorine
Argon
Potassium
Calcium
Scandium
Titanium
Vanadium
Chromium
Manganese
¤±ôm-dGÅüH
He
Li
Be
B
C
N
O
F
Ne
Na
Mg
Al
Si
P
S
Cl
Ar
K
Ca
Sc
Ti
V
Cr
Mn
zôh-zlü»P-½ÀâP.üÈï-¾Û-»¤ü¾Û-fÛ-»¤üzï-¼Û-¾Û-»¤ü±-¾-mG-qôümG-µÅü ;¼-zômüï̧-½ÀâP-üÆôG-º²Ûm-½ÀâP.ü º±ô-½ÀâP.üwÞ-¾ô-¼Ûmümï-½ÀâP.üzÞ¾-µÅüh;¼-G»ºüÈ-»P.üÅÛ-¾Û-;ômüºôh- Û̂-¤-¤ü¤Þ-¸Ûü±Ð-½ÀâP.üͼ-Gômü GZÝG-½ÀâP.ühÝG-Åï¾-h;¼-qôüh;¼-Á¤ü TôP-ŸÛüÅÛ-;m- Û̂-»¤ü‡ñ-‡ïï-mÛ-»¤ü¶ï-mÛ- Û̂-»¤ü;ô-¿UGÅü¤ïP-¿UGÅü
Chemistry µÅ-¢ô¼-¼ÛG-qü137
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
Iron
Cobalt
Nickel
Copper
Zinc
Gallium
Germanium
Arsenic
Selenium
Bromine
Krypton
Rubidium
Strontium
Yttrium
Zirconium
Niobium
Molybdenum
Technetium
Ruthenium
Rhodium
Palladium
Silver
Cadmium
Indium
Tin
Antimony
Tellurium
Iodine
Fe
Co
Ni
Cu
Zn
Ga
Ge
As
Se
Br
Kr
Rb
Sr
Y
Zr
Nb
Mo
Te
Ru
Rh
Pd
Ag
Cd
In
Sn
Sb
Te
I
¿UGÅü;ô-z×¾üGÁº-±ïü GÁº-h;¼ü¸PÅübÛ-±üJËï-¾Û-»¤üW¼-¤ï-mÛ-»¤üz-„ÀüÅï-¾ï-mÛ-»¤üzÞ¼ô-¤ÛmüÇ~Å-½ÀâP-ü¼Þ-zÛ- Û̂-»¤üÇœôm-Á¤ü»Û-‡-¼Û-»¤ü²Û¼-;ô-mÛ-»¤ümïºô-zÛ-»¤ü¤ô-¾Û-z- Û̂-m¤ü‡ïG-aï-ÁÛ-»¤ü¼Þ-fï-mÛ-»¤ü¼ô- Û̂-»¤üq-¾ï- Û̂-»¤ühPÞ¾übÛ-±Ð-BïÅü Dï-^-¤Û-»¤ü¤fÛP-¿UGÅü(¿UGÅ-)=Ûmü¤ÛG-Ǩmü‡ï-¾Þ-¼Û-»¤ü¿~-±Ðü
Chemistry 138 µÅ-¢ô¼-¼ÛG-qü54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
Xenon
Cesium
Barium
Lanthanum
Cerium
Praseodymium
Neodymium
Promethium
Samarium
Europium
Gadolinium
Terbium
Dysprosium
Holmium
Erbium
Thulium
Ytterbium
Lutetium
Hafnium
Tantalum
Tungsten
Rhenium
Osmium
Iridium
Platinum
Gold
Mercury
Thallium
Xe
Cs
Ba
La
Ce
Pr
Nd
Pm
Sm
Eu
Gd
Tb
Dy
Ho
Er
Tm
Yb
Lu
Hf
Ta
W
Re
Os
Ir
Pt
Au
Hg
Tl
²ïm-½ÀâP.üÅï-ÅÛ-»¤üzï-¼Û-»¤ü¾ïm-fï-m¤üÅï-¼Û-»¤ü Å-¿ËºÛ-G»P-µÅüq-¼×-ÅÛºô- Û̂-¤Û-»¤ümÛºô- Û̂-¤Û-»¤üqô¼-¤ï-fÛ-»¤üÅ-¤-¼Û-»¤ü»Þ-¼ô-qÛ-»¤üGh-hô-¾Û-mÛ-»¤übؼ-zÛ-»¤üï̂-qô¼-ÅÛ-»¤üÈô¾-¤Û-»¤üÍï¼-zÛ-»¤üfÞ-¾Û-»¤ü»Û-‡¼-zÛ-»¤ü¾Þ-‡ï-ÁÛ-»¤üÈz-mÛ-»¤übm-b-¾¤ü‡P-ÅÛ-‡mü¼ï-mÛ-»¤üÍô-ÅÛ-¤Û-»¤üÍÛ-¼Û- Û̂-»¤üGÅï¼-h;¼-qôüGÅï¼ühPÞ¾-Vßüfï¾-¾Û-»¤ü
Chemistry µÅ-¢ô¼-¼ÛG-qü139
Ÿ-ZïüzÛ-ÅÛ-¤-füqô-¾ô-mÛ-»¤üÍÅï-‡ï-‡ÛmüPz-½ÀâP.üw-¼×m-ÅÛ-»¤ü¼ï- Û̂-»¤üÍïG-‡Û-mÛ-»¤üfô-¼Û-»¤üqÞ-¼ô-‡ïG-‡Û-mÛ-»¤ü»Þ-¼ï-mÛ-»¤ü¤±ô-¿ËºÛ-mô¼-zÞüqÞ-¾Þ-‡ô-mÛ-»¤üÍ-¤ï-¼Û-ÅÛ-»¤üEã-¼Û-»¤üz¼-;ï-¾Û-»¤ü;ï-¾Û-wô¼-mÛ-»¤üÍïm-Å-ï‡ñm-mÛ-»¤üw¼-¤Û-»¤ü¤ïm- ï̂-¾ï-¶Û-»¤ümô-zï-¾Û-»¤ü¾×-¼ïm-ÅÛ-»¤ü¼Þ-f¼-wô¼- Û̂-»¤ü^z-mÛ-»¤üÅ×Û-zô¼-WÛ-»¤üzô-¼Û-»¤üÈ-ÅÛ-»¤ü¤×Ûh-mï-¼Û-»¤ü
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
Lead
Bismuth
Polonium
Astatine
Radon
Francium
Radium
Actinium
Thorium
Protactinium
Uranium
Neptunium
Plutonium
Americium
Curium
Berkelium
Californium
Einsteinium
Fermium
Mendelevium
Nobelium
Lawrencium
Rutherfordium
Dubnium
Seaborgium
Bohrium
Hassium
Meitnerium
Pb
Bi
Po
At
Rn
Fr
Ra
Ac
Th
Pa
U
Np
Pu
Am
Cm
Bk
Cf
Es
Fm
Md
No
Lw / Lr
Rf
Db
Sg
Bh
Hs
Mt
Chemistry 140 µÅ-¢ô¼-¼ÛG-qü110
111
112
113
114
115
116
Darmstadtium
Roentgenium
Ununbium
Ununtrium
Ununquadium
Ununpentium
Ununhexium
Ds
Rg
Uub
Uut
Uuq
Uup
Uuh
h©-Åï-bïh-ÁÛ-»¤ü¼ôm-Gï-mÛ-»¤üD¤Å-µÅ- 112 qüD¤Å-µÅ- 113 qüD¤Å-µÅ- 114 qüD¤Å-µÅ- 115 qüD¤Å-µÅ- 116 qü
Chemistry µÅ-¢ô¼-¼ÛG-qü141
alkali
alloy
aluminium
anhydrous
anion
argon
arsenic
»-z->Ä-¼ü mÅ-±ÛG-f¾-zü
zÆïÅ-¿UGÅü
È-»P.ü
VßÅ-hzïm-qºÛü
¤ô-lݾü
ͼ-Gômü GZÝG-½ÀâP.ü
z-„Àü
mÅ-ÇSôm-qô-hï-¤ï-¾-zÆïGÅ-mÅ-ŸG-bà-¾ôm-qºÛ-f¾-z-hïºÛ-D¼-VGÅ-qºÛ-z-±Ð-ºi-z-hï-»Ûmü¿UGÅ-¼ÛGÅ-¤Û-ºi-z-GZÛÅ-Ť-GZÛÅ-¾Å-¤P-z-¤Z¤-zÆïÅ-‚Å-qº¤ü»P-m-¿UGÅ-¼ÛGÅ-hP-¿UGÅ-¼ÛGÅ-¤-»Ûm-qºÛ-µÅ-GŸm-hP-zÆïÅ-mÅ-Iâz-qºÛ-µÅ-Ť-hPôÅ-qôühPÞ¾-HÛ-¤hôG-ºi-¾-»P-zü ¾Å-zTôÅ-GbôP-ÇÀ-zü z®º-hP-G»º-iïG-ºGôG-mÝÅ-¿km-qºÛ-¿UGÅ-¼ÛGÅ-ÁÛG¤±ôm-dGÅ- Al lݾ-IPÅ- 13üµÅ-GP-ŸÛG-¾Å-VߺÛ-lݾ-¾ôGÅ-ÅÞ-h‚ï- Û̧m-qºÛü¤ô-JÀôG-Tm-HÛ-lݾ-ym-m¤ü JÀôG-¿km-Çkïz-µÅ- Û̂-‚ÛPÅ-µÅüiÛ-hP-¤hôG-ƒ¾-ŸÛP-ü IâP-Á-¤Û-¿km-qºÛ-½ÀâP-G Þ̧GÅ-D¤Å-µÅ-ÁÛG-Çeïü½ÀâP-D¤Å-hP-¤ï-¼ÛºÛ-½ÀPÅ-q-mÅ-‚ãP-zü JÀôG-GÛ-Áï¾-bôG-GÛ-Vïh-º±G-‚ïh-hÝ-z;ô¾-VôG ¤±ôm-dGÅ- Ar
lݾ-IPÅ- 18ühPÞ¾-¤hôG-¿e¼-h;¼-¾ü VG-ÇÀ-zühÝG-ÁÅ-Vï-zºÛ-D¤Å-µÅ-ÁÛG ºhÛºÛ-
Chemistry 142 µÅ-¢ô¼-¼ÛG-qü
beeswax
borax
brass
bronze
carbohydrate
carbonmonoxide
zÞP-zºÛ-v-±Û¾ü
±-¾-h;¼-qôü
¼G
¾Ûü
Å-VߺÛ-ljÛP-qôü
;¼-zôm-º±ô-½ÀâP-AP-¿kmü
Çkïz-µÅ-n¤Å-ºzÞ-hÝG-hP.ü Áï¾üÇ̈mü Zï-zºÛ-Mãh-µÅ-ÅôGÅ-z ô̧-z¼-zïh-uôh-‚ïhü ¤±ôm-dGÅ- As lݾ-IPÅ- 33ü£P-zÞºÛ-±P-GÛ-Mã-V-v-±Û¾ü D-hôG-Åï¼-qôº¤-Çä̈G-mG-ˆP-»ôhü¿UGÅ-¼ÛGÅ-¤-»Ûm-qºÛ-Gbï¼-µÅ-ÁÛG-Çeïü Vß-¾Å-‚ãP-ŸÛP-¼ÛGÅ-GÅÞ¤-»ôhüzÆïGÅ-±ï-zŸÝ-ŸÛP-Dô¾-¾-¿~ä-z-h;¼-qô-ƒ-zôºÛ-»ôÅ-¿e¼-ºwï¾-z-z¸P.ü zŸÝ-»P-¤Û-ºwï¾-z-ºƒÛP.ü ¤Û-zŸÝ-z-Pmühï-Áï¾-hP.ü ºFâÅ-µÅü Ç̈m-¼ÛGÅ-µÅ-¢ô¼-hÝ-¤ºÛ-Iâz-V-G®ô-zô-»Ûmü¸PÅ-hP-bÛ-±-GZÛÅ-zÆï-¢ô¼-‚Å-mÅ-Iâz-qºÛ-¿UGÅ-¼ÛGÅ-Åï¼-qô-ŸÛGG®ô-zô-¸PÅ-hP-=Ûm-GZÛÅ-¾Å-Iâz-qºÛ-zÆïÅ-¿UGÅ-ÁÛG;-¼-hP-ºƒâ-¼ÛGÅ- Û̂-¤P¼-zTßh-ÅôGÅ-fï-zºÛ-Bï-¿km-Çkïz-µÅ-‚ï-ƒG-qºÛ-¼ÛGÅüÆôG-VGÅ- Û̂-¾ÞÅ-º±ô-zºÛ-¸Å-zTßh-G®ô-zô-ŸÛGiÛ-hP-D-hôG-ƒ¾-ŸÛP.ü hÝG-ÁÅ-Vï-zºÛ-µÅ-½ÀPÅü mG-µÅ-zÆïGÅ-q-V-±P-z¼-ºz¼-¤-fÞz-q-¾Å-‚ãP-z-ŸÛG
Chemistry µÅ-¢ô¼-¼ÛG-qü143
z-¼×-²Û¾-»Þ¾-HÛ-b-¾ºÛ-ÁÛP-GÛ-¾ô-¤-¾Å-‚ãP-zºÛ-v-±Û¾-Æ-zô-ŸÛG hï- Û̄-hP.ü ¤Vß-±ôÅü mG-ÁôG-ÅôGÅ- Û̂-Mã-V¼-z;ô¾-VôGwô-JÀôG-¿km-qºÛ-lݾ-ymüD¤Å-µÅ-GZÛÅ-Ť-hÝ-¤-V-±h-PïÅ-Tm-hÝ-zÇkïzÅ-qºÛ-µÅüD-¤hôG-h¤¼-¾-Ç̈äG-q-hP.ü ¤Zïm-ŸÛP-lÝP-Çoôm-¼ÞP-zºÛ-¿UGÅ-¼ÛGÅ-ÁÛG-Çeïü G»º-iïG-ºGôG-mÝÅ-¿km-¾üiôh-hP-JÀôG-Mã-ÇÀ-zºÛ-hPôÅ-µÅ-z¸P-qô-ŸÛG-»Ûmü ¤±ôm-dGÅ- Cu lݾ-IPÅ- 29ümG-µÅ-¿Ëh-¤ïh- Û̂-¿ËP-G Þ̧GÅü uÛ¼-D-hôG-¤ïh-¾-¼P-‚ãP-GÛ-Gbï¼-µÅüÆ-¤FïGÅ- Û̂-±h-¤fô-ÁôÅ-hï-»ÛmüÇo-¼ÛP-¾-¤Zïm-q-hP-ü ºfïm-mÝÅ-Vï-zü ¿UGÅ-¼ÛGÅ- Û̂-ºfïm-AôP-hP-zlÝP-z ô̧-‚ïh-fÞz-qºÛ-Eh-VôÅüµÅ-¢ô¼-HÛ-‚-fzÅ-h ã̂Å-¤Å-D-ƒ¾-GbôP-¤Û-fÞz-qºÛ-µÅ- Û̂-Iâz-V-VßP-ÁôÅüD-hôG-hP-iÛ-Ph-ƒ¾-ŸÛP-¼P-‚ãP-½ÀâP-GÛ-
carnauba wax
cation
compound
copper
diamond
ductile
element
ethane
b-¾ôºÛ-v-±Û¾ü
wô-lݾüºhÝÅ-µÅü
¸PÅü
lô-Xï-w-¾¤ü
GZôh-Ço-z¸P-zü
D¤Å-µÅü
ÍÛ-fïmü
Chemistry 144 µÅ-¢ô¼-¼ÛG-qüIâz-V-ŸÛG-Çeïü ºzÞh-µÅ-hP.üºEGÅ-µÅ-ÅôGÅ-¾-zïh-uôh-‚ïhü»¾-ÇÀ-¾-D-hôG-ƒ¾-ŸÛP-ºz¼-mÝÅ-Vï-zºÛ-ºƒâ-¼ÛGÅ- Û̂-zG-±Û-hP-;-¼-ÅôGÅ-¾-wz-¢ô¼-‚Å-q-¾Å-‚ãP-zºÛ-VP.zTßhü hï-ºFâÅ-µÅ-hP.üzŸÝ-DÞü ¥ôÅ-‚ïh- Û̂-zbàP-z-ÅôGÅ-¾-zïh-uôh-‚ïhülݾ-µÅ-D-GÅ-bï-fô¼-±ß¾üiÛ-Ph-µÅ-½ÀâP-ü µÅ-ºhÛ-¼Þ¾-ÅÞPÅ-ºGôG-fzÅ-hP.ü GZm-ºWô¤Åü ¢¼-Çtï¾-hP-±ôÅ-ÅôGÅ-z ô̧-Mã¼-zïh-uôh-‚ïhüÁÛP-ºƒÅ-¤P¼-¤ô-hP-£P- Û̄ºÛ-mP-»ôh-qºÛ-¤P¼-VüµÅ-ºi-¤Ûm-n¤Å-ŸÝ¼-zº¤-zŸÝ¼-z-¿e¼-¤Z¤-hÝ-ÇkÝh-qüÁÛP-ºƒÅ-hP-£P- Û̄ü ÆôG-VGÅ-Û̂-FG-zTÅ- Û̂-mP-¼P-zŸÛm-hÝ-»ôh-qºÛ-¤P¼-Vü¿UGÅ-¼ÛGÅ- Û̂-D¤Å-µÅ-Åï¼-qô-¿YÛh-Vï-¾ü ºHã¼-¤Û-Bïm-qü¤Zïm-HôP-ljô¤Å-ÁÛP-lÝP-Çoôm-¼ÞP-
ethanol
fission
formaldehyde
fructose
fusion
glucose
gold
ºƒâ-VP.ü hÐPÅ-¼G
GÅ-fô¼ü¤Û-fÛ¾-»P-ºHã¼ü
ÁÛP-ºƒÅ-¤P¼-Vü
zŸÝ¼-Çkïzü
¤P¼-µÅü
GÅï¼ü
Chemistry µÅ-¢ô¼-¼ÛG-qü145
z-ŸÛG ¤±ôm-dGÅ- Au lݾ-IPÅ-79ü½ÀâP-G Þ̧GÅ-D¤Å-µÅ-iÛ-hP-ƒ¾-ŸÛP.üºz¼-mÝÅ-Ÿm-q-¼P-‚ãP-½ÀâP-¼ÛGÅ-GŸm-HÛ-mP-hÝ-º‚ãP-z-ŸÛG hï-Gm¤-Iâ-hP.ü¿KP-zÞü zŸÝ-¤¼ü ºEGÅ-µÅ-hP-ºƒï¾-zºÛ-Z¤Å-ŸÛz-ÅôGÅ-¾-uôhü¤±ôm-dGÅ- He lݾ-IPÅ- 2üº±ô-½ÀâP-GÛ-lݾ-ym-¤ïh-qºÛ-Bå¼-µÅü»P-½ÀâP-hP-mG-µÅ-GZÛÅ-Dô-m-¾Å-Iâz-qºÛ-Bï-¿km-ºhÝÅ-µÅü hqï¼-mü zïm-²ïm-hP.ü ¤Û-fïm-¿e-zÞüD-hôG-hP-iÛ-Ph-ƒ¾-ŸÛP-ºz¼-mÝÅ-¿km-¾ü h-z¼-ÁïÅ-dôGÅ-»ôh-qºÛ-hPôÅ-µÅ-¤fº-hG-¾Å-»P-zºÛ-½ÀâP-G Þ̧GÅ-D¤Å-µÅ-ÁÛG ¤±ôm-dGÅ- H
lݾ-IPÅ- 1ü»P-½ÀâP-GÛ-y-lݾ-HÛÅ-£ï¾-zºÛ-lݾ-ym-ºiïÅ-Ç+zÅ- Û̂-µÅ-¢ô¼-HÛ-¤fÞh-D-¤Û-zdm-q-ŸÛG»P-½ÀâP-GÛ-JÀôG-lݾ-hzïm-qºÛ-ZÛP-lݾ-wôü ¤±ôm-dGÅ- H+
D-hôG-h;¼-ŸÛP-Ço-¼ÛP-¾-¤Zïm-qºÛ-
Èï-¾Û-»¤ü
º±ô-½ÀâP-ƒ¾-zºÛ-Bå¼ü»P-½ÀâP-mG-µÅü
»P-½ÀâP.ü
»P-½ÀâP-¤fÞh-Dü
»P-½ÀâP-GÛ-ZÛP-lݾ-wôü
¿UGÅü
helium
hydracid
hydrocarbon
hydrogen
hydrogen bond
hydrogen ion
iron
Chemistry 146 µÅ-¢ô¼-¼ÛG-qü¿UGÅ-¼ÛGÅ-D¤Å-µÅ-ÁÛG lô-zŸÝÅ-q-¾Å-º‚ãP.ŸÛP-z½Àm-hP-±Ð-½ÀâP-yh-m-z®º-VGÅ-ÇÀü Û̄-ÁÛP-hP-ÆôG-VGÅ-¾-¤ïh-hÝ-¤Û-¼ÞP-z-»Ûmü Dz-¾ïm-HÛ-mÝÅ-q-ºWâG-ÇÀü ¤±ôm-dGÅ- Fe
lݾ-IPÅ- 26üµÅ-¢ô¼-HÛ-Vô-G-GTÛG-¾-h‚ÛzÅ-¤Û-GTÛG-qºÛ-ºhÝÅ-µÅ-bïü hïºÛ-mP-Iâz-VºÛ-D¤Å-µÅ-hP.ü hï-hG-GÛ-¿YÛh-±h-¤Z¤-»P-Iâz-µÅ- Û̂-VGÅ-Oô¤-¤Û-ºi-zºÛ-hzP-GÛÅ-hPôÅ-GÁÛÅ-hP-µÅ-ºHã¼-HÛ-Eh-VôÅ-¤Û-ºi-z-»Ûmülݾ-IPÅ-GTÛG-G¤-µÅ- Û̂-Eh-VôÅ-¤±ßPÅ-ˆP.ü lݾ-ym-HÛ-¿YÛh-±h-¤Û-GTÛG-qºÛ-D¤Å-µÅ- Û̂-¼ÛGÅü¾ÞG-GÛ-z¾-¾Å-‚ãP-zºÛ-Çoݤ-±Û¾ü ©-Ǩm-hP-¤²ïÅ-¢ô¼-‚ãG-µÅ-¼ÛGÅ-z ô̧-z¼-zïh-uôh-Vïü¿UGÅ-¼ÛGÅ-D¤Å-µÅ-¿YÛh-Vï-ŸÛP-¤Zïm-q-hP.ü lÝP-Çoôm-¼ÞP-¾-D-hôG-ÇSô-Bü ºhÛ-JÀôG-µÅ-hP-zÆïÅ-¿UGÅ-Ço-±ôGÅ-hP.ü ºhÝÅ-µÅ-ºi-¤Ûm-z ô̧-Mã¼-uôh-ÇKô-¤P.ü ¤±ôm-dGÅ- Pb
lݾ-IPÅ- 82ü¿UGÅ-¼ÛGÅ-D¤Å-µÅ-¤Zïm-¾-hPÞ¾-
isomer
isotope
lanolin
lead
lithium
µÅ-¤±ßPÅ-ºhÝÅ-µÅü
GmÅ-¤fÞm-D¤Å-µÅü
z¾-HÛ-±Ûü
Ÿ-Zïü
¾Û-fÛ-»¤ü
Chemistry µÅ-¢ô¼-¼ÛG-qü147
¤hôG-¿e¼-h;¼-zü »P-ŸÛP.ü JÀôG-µÅ-hP-µÅ-GŸm-z ô̧-zCæm-Vïh-zïh-uôh-‚ïhü ¤±ôm-dGÅ- Li lݾ-IPÅ- 3ü¿UGÅ-¼ÛGÅ-D¤Å-µÅ-¿YÛh-Vï-¾-D-hôG-hPÞ¾-¿e¼-h;¼-zºÛ-GÁï¼-G Þ̧GÅ-¿UGÅ-¼ÛGÅ-ÁÛG-»Ûmü Ç+zÅ-¼ï-¼P-A-z¼-º‚ãP-z-»ôh-ˆP.ü w¾-Vï-z-¤Þ- Û̧-hP-¤Z¤-ºiïÅ-ÅÞ-º‚ãP.ü ¤±ôm-dGÅ- Hg lݾ-IPÅ- 80üiÛ-hP-D-hôG-ƒ¾-ŸÛP-ºz¼-mÝÅ-¿km-¾-¼P-‚ãP-½ÀâP-GÛ-Iâz-V-¤P-IÅ-ÁÛG-»ÛmüºzÞh-µÅ-ÅÞ-zïh-uôh-q-hP-ü »P-½ÀâP-hP-Bï-¿km-ºhÝÅ-µÅ-ºi-¤Ûm-¤P-qôºÛ-º‚ãP-DÞPÅ-G®ô-zô-ŸÛG-»ÛmüD-hôG-ƒ¾-ŸÛP.ü ºz¼-mÝÅ-¿km-¾-hÝG-ÁÅ-Vï-zºÛ-ÁÛP-¾Å-‚ãP-zºÛ-VP.zTßh-TÛG hï-ºzÞh-µÅ-hP.ü zŸÝ-‚ïhüºEG-ºGôG-ÅôGÅ-¾-zïh-uôh-‚ïhüÁÛm-bà-h;ôm-¾ü D-hôG-ƒ¾-ŸÛP-IâP-Á-¤Û-¿km-qºÛ-½ÀâP-G Þ̧GÅ-D¤Å-µÅ-ÁÛGÆôG-º²Ûm-½ÀâP-GÛ-lݾ-ym-hP-ºiïÅ-mÅ-Iâz-qºÛ-Bå¼üD-hôG-iÛ-¼ô-ƒ¾-ŸÛP-ÆôG-º±ô-z-hP.ü
mercury
methane
methanol
neon
oxyacid
oxygen
hPÞ¾-Vßü
m-½ÀâP.ü ¤Û-fïmü
ÁÛP-¼G
Gż-½ÀâP.ü
º±ô-½ÀâP-¿km-qºÛ-Bå¼ü
ÆôG-º²Ûm-½ÀâP.ü º±ô-½ÀâP.ü
Chemistry 148 µÅ-¢ô¼-¼ÛG-qü
paraffin wax
petrolatum
propane
silver
lô-Çoݤ-v-±Û¾ü
lô-Çoݤ-wÛG-wÛG
qô¼-qïmü
hPÞ¾ü
¤ï-ºz¼-z¼-¤ïh-hÝ-¤Û-¼ÞP-zºÛ-½ÀâP-G Þ̧GÅ-D¤Å-µÅ-ÁÛG ºhÛ-ZÛh-½ÀâP-D¤Å-mP-¼P-A¼-º‚ãP-¾-hïºÛ-¿S-V-GTÛG- Û̧m-HÛ-»ôhü ¤±ôm-dGÅ- O lݾ-IPÅ- 8ü¤hôG-h;¼-qôº¤-¤hôG-ƒ¾-zülô-Çoݤ-¾Å-‚ãP-zºÛ-»P-½ÀâP-hP-mG-µÅ-GZÛÅ-ºiïÅ-q-¾Å-Iâz-qºÛ-v-±Û¾-ºi-zºÛ-µÅ-ÁÛG hï-¾×-ÁôG ºW¤-Çoݤü »P-¾×ü ¾-V-ÅôGÅ-z ô̧-zCæm-Vïh-zïh-uôh-‚ïhülô-Çoݤ-¾Å-‚ãP-zºÛ-ŸG-µÅ-wÛG-wÛG-ºi-z-Ç+¤-¤Ûm-½Àôm-¤Ûm-HÛ-»P-½ÀâP-hP-mG-µÅ-GZÛÅ-ºiïÅ-q-¾Å-Iâz-q-ŸÛG ºhÛ-‚ãG-Ç̈m-hP-;ô-z-Çoݤ-ŸG-ºhôm-q-¾-zïh-uôh-‚ïhülô-Çoݤ-¾Å-‚ãP-zºÛ-D-hôG-ƒ¾-ŸÛP-¿YÛh-Vï-zºÛ-µÅ-ÁÛG hï-½ÀâP-G Þ̧GÅ-hP-ü ºzÞh-µÅüºEGÅ-µÅ-ÅôGÅ-¾-zïh-uôh-‚ïhüD-hôG-h;¼-¾ü È-TP-GZôh-Ço-z¸P-zü lÝP-Çoôm-¼ÞP-zü iôh-hP-JÀôG-GÛ-Mã-¾¤-z¸P-ÁôÅ-»Ûm-qºÛ-¿UGÅ-¼ÛGÅ-D¤Å-µÅ-ÁÛG¤±ôm-dGÅ- Ag lݾ-IPÅ-47ü
Chemistry µÅ-¢ô¼-¼ÛG-qü149
soluble
solute
solution
solvent
spermaceti
sulphur
sulphur dioxide
zŸÝ¼¼ÞP.ü zŸÝ-zºÛü
zŸÝ¼-µÅüŸÝmü
zŸÝ-‚ïhü
Z-Vïm-v-±Û¾ü
¤Þ-¸Ûü
¤Þ-¸Û-º±ô-½ÀâP-¸ÞP-¿kmü
zŸÝ-‚ïh- Û̂-GÁï¼-µÅ-GP-»P-¼ÞP-zºÛ-mP-zŸÝ¼-¼ÞP-züzŸÝ-‚ïh- Û̂-GÁï¼-µÅ-mP-zŸÝ¼-zºÛ-µÅüµÅ-GTÛG-G¤ü »P-m-hÝ-¤-µÅ-GŸm-ŸÛG-GÛ-mP-zŸÝ¼-mÅ-µÅ-hïºÛ-lݾ-Åô-Åô¼-ŸÛG-fô¼-hÝ-ºHã¼-±ß¾ü¼P-GÛ-mP-hÝ-µÅ-GŸm-zŸÝ-z¼-‚ïh-qºÛ-hPôÅ-qôüv-±Û¾-Tm-HÛ-Z-Vïm-¶ï¾-hP.ü Z->Àâ-¤ô-n-¼ÛP-GÛ-¤Gô-zôºÛ-Çoݤ-¾Å-‚ãP-zºÛ-µÅ-h;¼-qô-v-±Û¾-ºi-z-ŸÛG ºhÛ-‚ãG-µÅ-hP.ü ©-Ç̈mü »P-¾×-ÅôGÅ-z ô̧-zCæm-Vïh-zïh-uôh-‚ïhüÅ-ºôG-mÅ-fôm-qºÛ-Gbï¼-µÅü D-hôG-Åï¼-B-Tm-HÛ-¿UGÅ-¼ÛGÅ-¤-»Ûm-qºÛ-D¤Å-µÅ-ÁÛG hï-¾-¼ÛGÅ-h;¼-Åï¼-¿YP-mG-zŸÛ-»ôhü ¤±ôm-dGÅ- S
lݾ-IPÅ- 16ü¿UÛ-ŸÛP-D-hôG-ƒ¾-zü hzÞGÅ-ÅÞz-qºÛ-½ÀâP.ü GÁï¼-hÝ-ºHã¼-ÇÀ-zü h;¼-¤hPÅ-ºhôm-q-hP.ü hÝG-Åï¾ü ¼Þ¾-ÅÞPÅ-ºGôG-µÅ-ÅôGÅ-¾-zïh-uôh-‚ïhü
Chemistry 150 µÅ-¢ô¼-¼ÛG-qüsulphuric acid
sulphurous acid
xenon
¤Þ-¸ÛºÛ-Bå¼ü
¤Þ-¸ÛºÛ-Bå¼-±Ðü
²ïm-½ÀâP.ü
Çoݤ-ŸG-º±ï¼-¾-D-hôG-ƒ¾-ŸÛP-G»º-µÅ- Û̂-mÝÅ-q-Vï-zºÛ-GÁï¼-µÅ-ÁÛG ºhÛ-±ôÅ-hP.ü ±ôm- Û̄ü ¾Þhü ºz¼-µÅ-ÅôGÅ-z ô̧-Mã¼-zïh-uôh-Vïü¤Þ- Û̧-hP-»P-½ÀâP-GZÛÅ-¾Å-Iâz-qºÛ-Bå¼-µÅ-ÁÛG¿UÛ-¾-D-hôG-ƒ¾-zü µÅ-GŸm-hP-zÇkïzÅ-m-n¤-q-¤Û-ºHã¼-zºÛ-½ÀâP-G Þ̧GÅ- Û̂-D¤Å-µÅü D-½ÀâP-mP-ZÝP-ÁÅ-¾Å-¤ïh-q-ŸÛG ¤±ôm-dGÅ- Xe
lݾ-IPÅ- 54ü
Botany 151 ¯Û-ÁÛP-¼ÛG-qü
zl-Vh-Gbm-ºzïzÅ-¾Å-ºV¼üTIBETAN TERMINOLOGY PROJECT
¯Û-ÁÛP-¼ÛG-qºÛ-zl-VhüBOTANICAL TERMS
zôh-GŸÝP-Ǩm-¯ÛÅ-DP.üMEN-TSE-KHANG / TMAI
Botany 152 ¯Û-ÁÛP-¼ÛG-qü
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
16 17 18 19
20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28
¾ô-¤ºÛ-h‚ÛzÅü1 ºWôP-h‚ÛzÅü 2 ¤hÝP-h‚ÛzÅü 3 ljÛP-h‚ÛzÅü 4 ÇKôP-h‚ÛzÅü 5 ÇKôP-G¸ÞGÅ-¿kôG-¤ü6 ¤D¾-G¸ÞGÅü 7 Eï¤-zÞºÛ-h‚ÛzÅ-Tmü 8 ¾Û-»¼-h‚ÛzÅü 9 ¤hº-¯ïºÛ-h‚ÛzÅ-Tmü10 wÞz-h‚ÛzÅü 11 ÅôG-h‚ÛzÅü 12 ¤hÝP-¯ïºÛ-h‚ÛzÅ-Tmü 13 ¯ï-ljàP.ü 14 ¯ï-lݤü15 Ç~¼-h‚ÛzÅü 16 ¯ï-¤ô-ljàP-¼ÛP.ü 17 ¾ô-¤-¤Gô-ZG 18 ¤WâG-ºi-V-¿kmü 19 ¯ï-nômü20 G®ßG-nôm-y-¤ôü 21 ¯ï-ZG 22 lj ÛP-G¸ÞGÅ-¿k ôG-¤ü 23 ¹â¤-h‚ÛzÅ-Tmü24 ¿Uï-h‚ÛzÅü 25 ¤hÝP-G¸ÞGÅ-¿kôG-¤ü 26 ºWôP-m¼ü 27 Oô-h‚ÛzÅü 28 Dz-h‚ÛzÅü
Botany 153 ¯Û-ÁÛP-¼ÛG-qüacicular
acuminate
acute
algae
angiosperms
annual
apiculate
aristate
ascendent
biennial
Dz-h‚ÛzÅü
¯ï-ljàP.ü
¯ï-nômü
Vß-z¾ü Z-¿UÛzÅü
Åôm-Ç+ôGÅ-Tmü
¾ô-ºDô¼- Û̄-ÁÛP.ü ¾ô-ºDô¼-º±ô-ÁÛP.ü
¯ï-¤ô-ljàP-¤Zïmü
¯ï-¤ô-ljàP-¼ÛP.ü
ºiôP-Bïü¾ô-GZÛÅ-º±ô-ÁÛP.ü
Dz-¿e¼-y-¾-nô-zºÛ-¾ô-¤ºÛ-h‚ÛzÅühqï¼-mü fP-ÁÛP-GÛ-¾ô-¤-hP-Ç+¤-BïÅ-¯Û-ÁÛP-¿e-zÞü¿eô-z-TßP-¸h-ºzÞ¼-¾ü ï̄-¤ôºÛ-xôGÅ-ÅÞ-Wï-y¼-ºIô-zºÛ-¾ô-¤ºÛ-h‚ÛzÅü¿eô-z-TßP-¸h-;ôP-zºÛ- ï̄-¤ô-nô-¾-fÞP-zºÛ-¾ô-¤ºÛ-h‚ÛzÅü¯-z-hP.ü ÇkôP-qôü ¾ô-¤-Åô-Åô¼-h‚ï-Mã-¤ïh-TÛP-Vß-mP-hÝ-Bï-zºÛ- Û̄-ÁÛP-¼ÛGÅü¤ï-bôG-hP.ü Åôm-Ç+ôGÅ-Tm-HÛ-Å-zôm-¿km-qºÛ- Û̄-ÁÛP-GÛ-uÛ-¤ÛP-üBï-ºwï¾-hÝÅ-»Þm-¾ô-GTÛG-mP-¤ï-bôG-hP-ºƒÅ-zÞ-VGÅ-mÅ-Ç+¤-qºÛ- Û̄-ÁÛP-¼ÛGÅüï̄-¤ô-y-ŸÛP-nô-¾-fÞP-ŸÛP-¤Zïm-qºÛ-¾ô-¤ºÛ-h‚ÛzÅüï̄-¤ô-wG- ï̧-ºi-¾-¼ÛP-zºÛ-¾ô-¤ºÛ-h‚ÛzÅüHïm-hÝ-ºiôP-qô¼-Bï-zºÛ- Û̄-ÁÛP.ühÝÅ-»Þm-¾ô-GZÛÅ-mP-¤ï-bôG-hP.üºƒÅ-zÞ-VGÅ-qºÛ-XïÅ-ÅÞ-Ç+¤-qºÛ- Û̄-
Botany 154 ¯Û-ÁÛP-¼ÛG-qü
biosphere
branch
bryophyte
bud
caudate
chloroplast
circinate
cirrhous
Bï-¿km-º±ô-GmÅü
»¾-G
IôG-ÁÛP-GÛ-¼ÛGÅü
fïºÞü
¤WâG-ºi-V-¿kmü¿YP-µÅ-y-wÞP.ü
¤Å-ºEÛ¾ü
ŸGÅ-ºEÛ¾ü
ÁÛP-¼ÛGÅüÆôG-VGÅ-hP- Û̄-ÁÛP-ÅôGÅ-Bï-ºwï¾-HÛ-V-Aïm-º²ô¤Å-qºÛ-ºDô¼-MüÛ̄-ÁÛP-GÛ-ÇkôP-qô-¾Å-HïÅ-qºÛ-»m-¾G¼ï-¼¾-hP-ÇSô-iïGÅ-¿e-zÞ-Vß-ºiïm-Ç~ä-GÝ-¤ïh-qºÛ- Û̄-ÁÛP-ü¤ï-bôG-hP-¾ô-¤ü »¾-G ÇkôP-qô-¿e-zÞ-GP-¾Å-fôm-qºÛ-¤-ÇÛ̈m-qºÛ-¤Vï-z-ºhz-Ç+ôGÅ- Û̂-mP-hÝ-GmÅ-qºÛ-V-ÁÅüQ-¤-ºi-zºÛ-V-ÁÅ-Tmü¼P-º±ôºÛ- Û̄-ÁÛP-¿YP-DÞ-¼ÛGÅ-ZÛ-ºôh-¾-zÇem-q-n¤Å-¾-»ôh-qºÛ-BÛ-fÞ¤-HÛ-¤-¾G ºôh- Û̂-¢ô¼-Çkïz-¾-¤Dô-Vï-zºÛ-±ôm-µÅ-¿YP-DÞ-Tm-¾-»ôh-qºÛ-y-wÞP.ü¿kݤ-qô-¼ï-¼¾-HÛ-¾ô-¤-¿e-zÞ-¯ï-¤ô-mÅ-fÞ¼-hÝ-ºEÛ¾-zºÛ-h‚ÛzÅü¾ô-¤ºÛ-¯ï-¤ô-y-¾-£æ¾-ŸGÅ-¿e¼-ºEÛ¾-zü
Botany 155 ¯Û-ÁÛP-¼ÛG-qüclimber
cordate
cotyledon
creeper
decumbent
deltoid
dicotyledon
elliptic
emarginate
environment
ºFÛ-ÁÛP.ü
ljÛP-h‚ÛzÅü
Åôm-ºhzü
Å-º²Ûm-ÇkôP-qôü
ż-Z¾-ÇkôP-zÞü
ÅôG-h‚ÛzÅüÅôm-ºhz-GZÛÅ-¿kmü
ºWôP-h‚ÛzÅü
¾ô-¤-¤Gô-ZGDô¼-»ÞG
GŸm-¾-ºFÛ¾-mÅ-Bï-ºwï¾-‚ïh-qºÛ- Û̄-ÁÛP.ü¾ô-¤ºÛ-¯-z-ÇKô¼-¾-¯ï-¤ô-nô-z-ljÛP-h‚ÛzÅ-ºi-züÅôm-Ç+ôGÅ-»ôh-qºÛ- Û̄-ÁÛP-¼ÛGÅ- Û̂-Å-zôm-HÛ-fôG-¤ºÛ-ºhz-¤üż-Z¾-mÅ-Bï-ºwï¾-‚ïh-fÞz-qºÛ- Û̄-ÁÛP.üÇkôP-qô-ż-Z¾-mÅ-Bï-ºwï¾-‚ïh-ˆP- ï̄-¤ô-Hïm-¾P-hÝ-Bï-zºÛ- Û̄-ÁÛP.üÞ̧¼-GÅÞ¤-ºi-zºÛ-¾ô-¤ºÛ-h‚ÛzÅü¤ï-bôG-hP.ü Åôm-Ç+ôGÅ-Tm-HÛ-Å-zôm-¿km-qºÛ- Û̄-ÁÛP-GÛ-mP-GÅïÅ-Åôm-ºhz-GZÛÅ-¿km-HÛ- Û̄-ÁÛP-Çkï-±mü¾ô-¤ºÛ-¯-z-hP.ü ï̄-¤ô-GZÛÅ-y-¾-h Û̂¾-Ç~ô¤-q-ÇKô-P-ºi-zºÛ-h‚ÛzÅüï̄-¤ô¼-ZG-TßP-¸h-Tm-HÛ-¾ô-¤üGP-¸G-G¤-Bï-hPôÅ-GP-ŸÛG-GÛ-GmÅ-»Þ¾-HÛ-xÛºÛ-V-Aïm-HÛ-M-Eôm-»ôPÅ-µôGÅü
Botany 156 ¯Û-ÁÛP-¼ÛG-qü¾m-¤P-Bï-zºÛü
½ÀâP-ÁÛP.ü
Mãm-¿YP.ü
¤ï-bôG
¼ï-¼¾-¾ô-¤ü
Ȥ-Çtäü
wP-h‚ÛzÅü
Ó̄ü
º±ô-GmÅ-Mãm-ºDô¼-fÞP-zÅ-m¤-¹-GTÛG-GÛ-mP-Bï-fïPÅ-¤P-qô-‚ïh-fÞz-qºÛ- Û̄-ÁÛP-GÛ-¼ÛGÅüÅ-ºôG-bà-¯-z-¤ïh-q¼- Û̄-ÁÛP-GŸm-¾-zdïm-mÅ-Å-ÇeïP-hÝ-º±ô-GmÅ-fÞz-qºÛ- Û̄-ÁÛP.ü¾ô-Pô-ÉÛ¾-qô¼-¾ô-¤-¤-Ç+¤-q¼-¼P-Åô¼-GmÅ-qºÛ- Û̄-ÁÛP.üÛ̄-ÁÛP-GÛ-ºƒÅ-zÞ-hP-Å-zôm-VGÅ-‚ïh- Û̂-hzP-qô-¿e-zÞ-»Ûm-ŸÛP-h‚ÛzÅ-hP-D-hôG-¤Û-ºi-z-Ço-±ôGÅ-»ôhü¼ï-¼¾-¾ô-¤-hP-b-¾ºÛ-¾ô-¤º¤-hï-hG-hP-ºi-zºÛ-V-ÁÅüG®ô-zô-iôh-GÁï¼-¾-zdïm-mÅ-Bï-¿km-GŸm-HÛ-ÇeïP-VGÅ-qºÛ-ÇSô-Ȥ-¿YP-DÞüÛ̄-ÁÛP-GÛ-¯-z-¤Gô-¤WâG-y-¾-h Û̂¾-Ç~ô¤-qºÛ-h‚ÛzÅüG®ô-zô-ÇKô-xãGÅ-d-mô¼-ÅôGÅ- Û̂-¸Å-ÅÞ-¼ÞP-zºÛ- Û̄-ÁÛP-GÛ-‚ï-ƒG-¾ô-¤-hP.ü GŸÝP-d-y-¾-¤Zïm-qºÛ-¼Û-BïÅ-ÇSô-¼ÛGÅü
ephemeral
epiphyte
evergreen
flower
frond
fungi / fungus
fusiform root
grass
Botany 157 ¯Û-ÁÛP-¼ÛG-qüBï-¿km-HÛ-hPôÅ-qôºÛ-¼ÛGÅ-Wï-Vï¼-ºIô-ÇePÅüÁÝm-Ç+ôGÅ-¤ïh-qºÛ-Å-zôm-Tm-HÛ- Û̄-ÁÛP-GÛ-uÛ-¤ÛP-üz-±ÐºÛ-ºhÝÅ-±h-¤fô-zºÛ-Å-V¼-ºiÛÅ-hzP-GÛÅ-Bï-ºwï¾-fÞz-qºÛ- Û̄-ÁÛP-¼ÛGÅüh‚ÛzÅ-¤hÝP- ï̄-ºi-ŸÛP-¾ô-¤ºÛ-Ǩh-TßP-y-¾-ºyïh-fh-hÝ-Bï-zºÛ-¾ô-¤üVߺÛ-mP-hP-ºh¤-ÅôGÅ-½Àm-GÁï¼-Vï-źÛ-GmÅ-ÅÞ-º±ô-GmÅ-fÞz-qºÛ- Û̄-ÁÛP.üï̄-¤ô-y-¾-¿eô-zºÛ-ŸïP-TßP-¸h-Vï-zü ¯-zºÛ-xôGÅ-ÅÞ-ŸÝ¼-zºÛ-¾ô-¤ºÛ-h‚ÛzÅüÛ̄-ÁÛP-GÛ-V-ÁÅ-h‚ÛzÅ-ºi-¤Ûm-Ço-±ôGÅ-q-ŸÛG-Çeïü w¾-Vï-z-»¾-G-hP-ZÛP-¾G-GÛ-ÇeïP-hÝ-Bï-¾-hïºÛ-‚ïh-¾Å-G®ô-zô- Û̄-ÁÛP-¾-¤Dô-zºÛ-ºôh- Û̂-Çkïz-¢ô¼-hP-½Àm-GÁï¼-xÛ¼-ºzÞh-‚-Mã-zTÅ-»ÛmüÛ̄-ÁÛP-GÛ-¾ô-¤ºÛ-@P-¯-»ôh-źÛ-GmÅ-bïü hï-¾-z ô̧-h‚ÛzÅ-Ço-±ôGÅ-»ôhüÛ̄-ÁÛP-GÛ-¾ô-¤ºÛ-z ô̧-¿e-PïÅ-Tm-¤hº-hP.ü ¤hÝP.ü ljÛP-ÅôGÅ- Û̂-h‚ÛzÅ-
growth
gymnosperms
halophyte
hastate
hydrophyte
lanceolate
leaf
leaf base
leaf shape
º±¼-¾ôPÅü Bï-ºwï¾ü
Åôm-Ç+ôGÅ-¤ïh-qºÛ- Û̄-ÁÛP.ü
±Ð-fÞz-¯Û-ÁÛP.ü
¤hÝP- ï̄ºÛ-h‚ÛzÅ-Tmü
½Àm-Bï- Û̄-ÁÛP.ü
¤hÝP-h‚ÛzÅü
¾ô-¤ü
¾ô-¤ºÛ-ŸzÅ-¼ü
¾ô-¤ºÛ-h‚ÛzÅü
Botany 158 ¯Û-ÁÛP-¼ÛG-qüTm-¿e-zÞüÇkôP-G Þ̧GÅ-¤ïh-qºÛ-ºFÛ-ÁÛP-GÛ-‚ï-ƒG ÁÛP-ÇkôP-GŸm-¾-ºEãh-mÅ-Å-ÇeïP-mÅ-ÁÛP-ÇkôP-GÛ- ï̄-¤ô-z¼-ºIô-zºÛ-¼ÛGÅüÓ̄ºÛ-¾ô-¤ºÛ-¯-z-ÅôGÅ-ÅÞ-º‚ãP-zºÛ-¿Uï-h‚ÛzÅ-ºi-zºÛ-¤-¾Gh ã̂Å-¼ÛP-¾-D-ŸïP-VßP-zºÛ-¾ô-¤ü¾ô-¤ºÛ-h‚ÛzÅ- ï̄-¤ô-TßP-Vï-ŸÛP-Ǩh-y-z-¾Û-»¼-¼ô¾-V-ºi-z-ŸÛGÅ-zTßh-±-IP-¿e-zÞ-Dô¼-»ÞG-¤Û-ljô¤Å-qºÛ-¼ÛGÅ-¾-Gô¤Å-ºiÛÅ-‚ïh-¤Û-fÞz-qºÛ- Û̄-ÁÛP.ü¾ô-¤ºÛ-ŸzÅ-¼-mÅ- ï̄-¤ôºÛ-z¼-MãG-qºÛ-¯-¼ÛÅ-hzÞÅ-¤ü½Àm-GÁï¼-TßP-¸h-Tmü1ü ¼Þ¾-ÅÞPÅ-ÅÞ-Hã¼-qºÛ-Ȥ-Çtä-
hP-G»º-Çtä-GP-»P-¼ÞP-zü2ü Çtä-ZG-y-¤ô-¿e-zÞºÛ-ÇeïP-hÝ-lݾ-
f¾-VGÅ-q-¿e¼-¤Pôm-qºÛ-Ȥ-ÇtäºÛ-¼ÛGÅü
liana(liane)
ligulate
linear
lyrate
mesophyte
midrib
moist
mould
ºFÛ¾-ÁÛP.ü
¿Uï-h‚ÛzÅü
Oô-h‚ÛzÅü¾Û-»¼-h‚ÛzÅü
ljô¤Å-GmÅ- Û̄-ÁÛP.ü
¾ô-¤ºÛ-¯-Vïmü
zŸº-±m-Tmü1ü Ȥ-Çtäü2ü ÇSô-z¤ü
Botany 159 ¯Û-ÁÛP-¼ÛG-qüJÀô-zÞ¼-hÝ-ºzÞ¼-zºÛ-¾ô-¤ºÛ-¯ï-¤ô-nô-qôüJÀô-zÞ¼-hÝ-nô-¾-fÞP-zºÛ-Dz-¿e-zÞºÛ-¾ô-¤ºÛ-¯ïüJÀô-zÞ¼-hÝ-nô-¾- ï̄-¤ô-y-zºÛ-¼ÛGÅüljÛP-h‚ÛzÅ-Gô-¿kôG-qºÛ-h‚ÛzÅ-Tmü¾ô-¤ºÛ- ï̄-¤ô-TßP-y-¾-h Û̂¾-ŸïP-Vï-zü¯-zºÛ-xôGÅ-ÅÞ-¼Û¤-zŸÛm-Wï-y¼-ºIô-zºÛ-¾ô-¤ºÛ-h‚ÛzÅüD-ŸïP-¾Å-h ã̂Å-TßP-¼ÛP-z-Iâ-zŸÛ-m¼-¤ôºÛ-h‚ÛzÅ-ºi-zü¾ô-¤ºÛ- ï̄-¤ô-ŸïP-Vï-ŸÛP-¯-zºÛ-xôGÅ-y-zü¾ô-¤ºÛ-¯ï-¤ô-lݤ-lݤ-¤¤-ÇKô¼-ÇKô¼-TmüiÛ-¤-Pm-qü¾ô-¤ºÛ-h‚ÛzÅ-¹â¤-qôº¤-ÇKô¼-zühqï¼-mü qj̈ºÛ-¾ô-¤-¿e-zÞü¾ô-¤ºÛ-h‚ÛzÅ-ÇKô-P-ºi-ŸÛP-h Û̂¾-hP-Ǩh-xôGÅ-ŸïP-D-Vï-zü¾ô-¤-ÇKô¼-¾-Vï-ŸÛP-¾G-¤GôºÛ-h‚ÛzÅ-
mucro
mucronate
mucronulate
obcordate
oblanceolate
oblong
obovate
obtuse
odour
orbicular(orbiculate)
ovate
palmate
G®ßG-nômüG®ßG-nôm-Tmü
G®ßG-nôm-y-¤ôüljÛP-G Þ̧GÅ-¿kôG-¤ü¤hÝP-G Þ̧GÅ-¿kôG-¤ü
ºWôP-m¼ü
ÇKôP-G Þ̧GÅ-¿kôG-¤ü
¯ï-lݤüiÛ-Pmü¹â¤-h‚ÛzÅ-Tmü
ÇKôP-h‚ÛzÅü
Ç~¼-h‚ÛzÅü
Botany 160 ¯Û-ÁÛP-¼ÛG-qüºi-zü¾ô-¤ºÛ-¯-z-mÅ- ï̄-¤ôºÛ-xôGÅ-ÅÞ-¤Z¤-GÁÛz-bà-MãG-qºÛ-¯-¼ÛÅüº±ô-GmÅ-GŸm-zdïm-HÛ- Û̄-ÁÛP-uÛºÛ-¼ÛGÅü¾ô-¤ºÛ-h‚ÛzÅ-ÇKô¼-ŸÛP-GhÝGÅ-ºi-zü P¼-z-¾ô-¤ºÛ-h Û̂¾-hÝ-VGÅ-qü¾ô-¤P-Bï-ºwï¾-hP-º±ô-GmÅ-‚ïh-qºÛ- Û̄-ÁÛP-¼ÛGÅü¾ô-¤ºÛ-ŸzÅ-¼-P¼-z-hP-£ï¾-zºÛ-¯Û-ÁÛP.ü¾ô-¤ºÛ-Ǩh-V-GP-¾-º‚¼-źÛ-@P-¯ü;-¼-hP-zTßh-µÅ-GmÅ-GTÛG-mÅ-GŸm-hÝ-Çtô-zºÛ-‚ïh-¾Å-Tm-HÛ-wÞP-IâzüÛ̄-ÁÛP-GÛ-¾ô-¤ºÛ-¿YP-MãÅ-ºôh- Û̂-mÝÅ-q-¾-zdïm-mÅ-Vß-hP-mG-µÅ-½ÀâP-zTÅ-¾Å-º±ô-zTßh-zÇkÝ-¾ïm-‚ïh-qºÛ-µÅ-ºHã¼ü
parallelodromous(parallel venation)
parasite
peltate
perennial
petiolate
petiole
phloem
photosynthesis
fh-GÁÛz-¯-¼ÛÅü
GŸm-zdïm- Û̄-ÁÛP.ü
wÞz-h‚ÛzÅü
¾ô-¤P-º±ô-ÁÛP.ü
ŸzÅ-¼-P¼-£ï¾ü
P¼-zü
Bï¾-ºiïm-wÞP-Iâzü
ºôh- Û̂-¢ô¼-Çkïzü
Botany 161 ¯Û-ÁÛP-¼ÛG-qüprocumbent
reniform
repent
reticulodromous(reticulate venation)
retuse
rhododendron
rhombate orrhomboidal
root
sagittate
ż-Z¾ü
¤D¾-G Þ̧GÅüGŸÝP-d-ż-Z¾ü
i-z-¯-¼ÛÅü
ï̄-ZGÇeG-¤ü
Iâ-zŸÛ-D-ºEôG-h‚ÛzÅ-Tmü
¯-zü
¤hº- ï̄ºÛ-h‚ÛzÅ-Tmü
ÇkôP-qô-hPôÅ-Gž-¤ïh-q¼-»¾-G-ż-Z¾-mÅ-Bï-ºwï¾-‚ïh-qºÛ- Û̄-ÁÛP.ü¾ô-¤ºÛ-h‚ÛzÅ-¤D¾-¤-ºi-züGŸÝP-d-Å-¾-Z¾-mÅ-Bï-ºwï¾-‚ïh-qºÛ-¯Û-ÁÛP.ü¾ô-¤ºÛ-¯-¼ÛÅ-i-z-¿e¼-£ï¾-zü
ï̄-¤ô-dà¾-¾-ZG-D-TßP-¸h-TmüMãm-hÝ-ÇSô-zºÛ-ÁÛP-ym-ŸÛG-»Ûmü ÁÛP-ÁÝm-mG-B-ºyïh-¾-GÅ-»ôhü ¿UãG-¤-¿YP-B-GZï¼-¤-Tmü ¾ô-¤-¿YP-ŸÛP-¤fÞG ¤ï-bôG-h¤¼-B-Åï-ºƒâ-¿YP-DÞ-»ÛmüÞ̧¼-DÞG-ºiôP-qô-Tm-¤-»Ûm-qºÛ-¤Z¤-zMãGÅ-¤fº-zŸÛ-¤ºÛ-h‚ÛzÅ-ºi-züÓ̄-hP-ÁÛP-ÅôGÅ- Û̂-Å-ºôG-bà-»ôh-qºÛ-V-ÁÅ-bïü Û̄-ÁÛP-hï-¤Û-ºHï¾-z¼-Å-ÇeïP-hÝ-zdm-qô¼-GmÅ-q-hP.ü Å-ºôG-mÅ-½Àm-GÁï¼-hP-Bï-¤ïh-±Ðº¤-zTßh-µÅ-¼ÛGÅ-ºiïm-qºÛ-‚ïh-¾Å-Tm-môüï̄-¤ô-¤hº- ï̄-hP-ºi-ŸÛP-Ǩh-V-¤hº-
Botany 162 ¯Û-ÁÛP-¼ÛG-qü
saprophyte
scandent
seed
shoot
soboliferous
spatulate(spathulate)
spermatophyte
ÁôG-ºi-zºÛ-¾ô-¤üxÛºÛ-ºWâ-‚ïh-¤-¾G-¾-zdïm-mÅ-Bï-¿km-HÛ-¼Þ¾- Û̄ºÛ-mP-º±ô-zº¤-GmÅ-qºÛ- Û̄-ÁÛP-¼ÛGÅüºFÛ-fG-¤ïh-ˆP- Û̄-ÁÛP-GŸm-¾-ºFÛ¾-bï-Bï-zºÛ- Û̄-ÁÛP.üÛ̄-ÁÛP-GÛ-¥ã-Gݺ¤-G Þ̧GÅ-Gż-q-GP-mÅ-ºzÞÅ-qºÛ-ÅômüÅ-zôm-hP- Û̄-ÁÛP-GÛ-¾ôGÅ-mÅ-¥ã-GÝ-hP-ü ¾ô-¤ü »¾-G-ÅôGÅ-Gż-hÝ-ºzÞÅ-qºÛ-VüÅ-ºôG-mÅ-¤Vï-z-»¼-ºzÞÅ-bï-ÇkôP-qô-ÇeàG-qô-º²ÛP-mÅ-Bï-ºwï¾-‚ïh-qºÛ- Û̄-ÁÛP.ü¾ô-¤ºÛ- ï̄-¤ô-ŸïP-Vï-ŸÛP-ŸzÅ-¼-y-¾-¼ÛP-züºiïm-Ç~äG-hP.Å-zôm-¿km-qºÛ-Çkï-±m-HÛ- Û̄-ÁÛP-Çeïü hï-¾-mP-GÅïÅ-h‚ï-mü1ü Å-zôm-ÁÝm-Ç+ôGÅ-Tm-hPü2ü Å-zôm-ÁÝm-Ç+ôGÅ-¤ïh-q-GZÛÅ-
»ôhü
z¤-º±ô- Û̄-ÁÛP.ü
fh-ºEãhü
Å-zômü Åômü
¤Vï-zü ÅïºÞü
Å-ºôG-¤Vï-ºzÞÅü
Eï¤-zÞºÛ-h‚ÛzÅ-Tmü
Åôm-¿km- Û̄-ÁÛP.ü
Botany 163 ¯Û-ÁÛP-¼ÛG-qüsprout
stem
stipule
stoloniferous
suffrutescent
sweet smell
thorn
transplant
truncate
¥ã-GÝ-ºzÞÅ-qüÇkôP-qôü GŸÝP-dü
¾ô-yâG
Åôm-ºHã¼-¤Vï-zü
¿kݤ-zÞü
iÛ-z¸P.ü±ï¼-¤ü
¯-ÇtôÅ-MG-qü
ºƒïG-lݤü
Å-zôm-mÅ-¥ã-GÝ-Gż-hÝ-fôm-qüÛ̄-ÁÛP-GÛ-@P-»Þ-G®ô-zô-Çeïü GP-¾Å-»¾-G-hP.¾ô-¤ü ¤ï-bôG-ÅôGÅ-zdïm-qºÛ-GŸÛºôü¾ô-¤ºÛ-¯-z-hP.GŸÝP-d-ºƒï¾-¤±¤Å-ÅÞ-Bï-zºÛ-Ç+ôGÅ-ÁÝm-m¤-±ï¼-¤-¿e-zÞºÛ-V-ÁÅüÛ̄-ÁÛP-GÛ-¤Vï-z-¼Û¤-zŸÛm-Å-ºôG-bà-º²â¾-bï-¯-z- Þ̧G-mÅ-ÇÀ¼- Û̄-ÁÛP-¼P-A-z-ŸÛG-Bï-ºwï¾-‚ïh-qºÛ-¼ÛGÅüGŸÝP-ÁÛP-TßP-¸h-Æ-¾-¤FïGÅ-ÁÛP-hGÝm-¤Û-Ç+¤-qºÛ- Û̄-ÁÛP-üÛ̄-ÁÛP-hP-¤ï-bôG-ÅôGÅ- Û̂-iÛ-¤-ŸÛ¤-qôüB-±ï¼ü h¤¼-±ï¼ü ÇSô-±ï¼-ÅôGÅ- Û̄-ÁÛP-fôG-mÅ-BïÅ-qºÛ-Dz-¿e-zÞºÛ-hPôÅ-qôüº±¼-Bïh-‚ïh-zŸÛm-qºÛ-ÇSôºÛ-¯-z-hP-zTÅ-q-z;ôG-Çeï-Å-GmÅ-GŸm-hÝ-º²âGÅ-qü¾ô-¤-ÅôGÅ- Û̂- ï̄-¤ô-hP-ŸzÅ-¼-ºƒïG-q-¿e¼-ÇoP-zºÛ-¼ÛGÅü
Botany 164 ¯Û-ÁÛP-¼ÛG-qütuber
vegetable
venation
xerophyte
¯-z-lôG-qôü
ÇSô-±¾ü ÇSô-±ôhü
¾ô-¤ºÛ-¯-¼ÛÅü
Ç+¤-BïÅ- Û̄-ÁÛP.ü
¯-zº¤-ÇkôP-qô-¾-wÞG-¿e-zÞ-Å-ºôG-bà-MÅ-qºÛ-¼ÛGÅü
¤ÛºÛ-¸Å-ÅÞ-uôh-¼ÞP-zºÛ- Û̄-ÁÛP-P¤-Û̄-ÁÛP-GÛ-V-ÁÅü¾ô-¤ºÛ-mP-¾ÞÅ- Û̂-¯-ym-¿e¼-Ez-qºÛ-Ç~äG-ym-HÛ-z;ôh-qüÈ-TP-Ç+¤-ż-Bï-ºwï¾-fÞz-qºÛ- Û̄-ÁÛP.ü
165
¸Þ¼-¢¼-hP-qôüPRINCIPLES FOR EVOLUTION OF TERMINOLOGY APPROVED
BY THE COMMISSION FOR SCIENTIFIC ANDTECHNICAL TERMINOLOGY
MINISTRY OF HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT(Department of Education)
GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
1. ‘International terms’ should be adopted in their current English forms, as far aspossible, and transliterated in Hindi and other Indian Languages according totheir genius. The following should be taken as examples of international terms:
(a) Names of elements and compounds, e.g. Hydrogen, Carbon dioxide etc.;(b) Units of weights, measures and physical quantities e.g. dyne, calorie, ampere
etc., (c) Terms based on proper names e.g. marxism (Karl Marx), braille (Braille),
boycott (Capt. Boycott), guillotine (Dr. Guillotin), gerrymander (Mr.Gerry), ampere (Mr. Ampere), fahrenheit scale (Mr. Fahrenheit), etc.;
(d)Binomial nomenclature in such sciences as Botany, Zoology, Geology, etc.; (e) Constants, e.g.; π, g, etc.; (f) Words like Radio, Petrol, Radar, Electron, Proton, Neutron, etc., which
have gained practically world-wide usage;(g) Numerals, symbols, signs and formulae used in mathematics and other
sciences e.g., sin, cos, tan, log etc. (Letters used in mathematical operations should be in Roman or Greek alphabets).
2. The symbols will remain in international form written in Roman script, butabbreviations may be written in Nagari and standardised form, specially forcommon weights and measures, e.g. the symbol ‘cm’ for centimeter will beused as such in Hindi, but the abbreviation in Nagari may be ls-eh- This willapply to books for children and other popular works only, but in standardworks of science and technology, the international symbols only, like cm.,should be used.
3. Letters of Indian scripts may be used in geometrical figures e.g., d] [k] x or v]c] l but only letters of Roman and Greek alphabets should be used intrignometrical relations e.g., sin A, cos B etc.
4. Conceptual terms should generally be translated.5. In the selection of Hindi equivalents simplicity, precision of meaning and easy
intelligibility should be born in mind. Obscurantism and purism may be avoided.
166
6. The aim should be to achieve maximum possible identity in all Indian languages by selecting terms:
(a) Common to as many of the regional languages as possible, and(b) based on Sanskrit roots.
7. Indigenous terms, which have come into vogue in our languages for certaintechnical words of common use, as rkj for telegraph/telegram, egk}hi forcontinent, Mkd for post etc., should be retained.
8. Such loan words from English, Portuguese, French etc., as have gained widecurrency in Indian languages should be retained e.g., ticket, signal, pension,police, bureau, restaurant, deluxe etc.
9. Transliteration of International terms into Devanagari Script: The transliteration of English terms should not be made so complex as to necessitatethe introduction of new signs and symbols in the present Devanagari characters. The Devanagari rendering of English terms should aim at maximum approximation to the standard English pronunciation with such modifications asprevalent amongst the educated circle in India.
10. Gender: The International terms adopted in Hindi should be used in themasculine gender, unless there are compelling reasons to the contrary.
11. Hybrid formation: Hybrid forms in technical terminologies e.g., xjafVr for‘guaranteed’ Dykfldh for ‘classical’, dksM+dkj for ‘codifier’, etc., are normaland natural linguistic phenomena and such forms may be adopted in practicekeeping in view the requirements for technical terminology, viz., simplicity,utility and precision.
12. Sandhi and Samasa in technical terms: Complex forms of Sandhi maybe avoided and in cases of compound words, hyphen may be placed in between the two terms, because this would enable the users to have an easierand quicker grasp of the word structure of new terms. As regards vkfnOk̀ f} inSanskrit-based words, it would be desirable to use vkfnOk̀ f} in prevalent Sanskrit tatsama words e.g., O;kOkgkfjd] yk{kf.kd etc. but may be avoided in newlycoined words.
13. Halanta: Newly adopted terms should be correctly rendered with the useof ‘hal’ wherever necessary.
14. Use of Pancham Varna: The use of vuqLOkkj may be preferred in place ofiape Ok.kZ] but in words like ‘lens’, ‘patent’ etc., the transliteration should beysUl] isVsUV and not ysal] isVsaV] or isVs.V.
167
M-G¼-hzÞÅ-GŸÝP-GÛ-±m-¼ÛG-hP-ºyâ¾-¾Å-̂ Û-zl-Vh-uÛ-Ez-DP-GÛ-±m-¼ÛG-hP-ºyâ¾-¾Å-f-ljh-Gbm-ºzïzÅ-̂ Û-̄ -º²Ûm-DG (zôh-zNå¼-¼GÅ-zÇkÝÅ)
1ü M¾-uÛºÛ-¤ÛP-±ÛG-GP-ºôÅ-q-n¤Å-»ôPÅ-Ez-h‚Ûm-±ÛG-¼P-Åô¼-ºWôG-Mã-hP-ÈÛm-hÛº¤-»P-mü M-G¼-HÛ-Ç+h-»ÛG-GŸm-Åô-ÅôºÛ-¼P-GÁÛÅ-¿e¼-HÛ-O-Nå¼-GÁ¤-Gž-¿e¼-‚-Mãü; D¤Å-µÅ-hP-ºhÝÅ-µÅ-̂ Û-¤ÛP.ü hqï¼-mü Hydrogen, Carbon dioxide ¿e-zÞ-hP.ü
D ±h-ºW¾-zºÛ-¤ÛP-±ÛG dyne, calorie, ampere (km, kg) ÅôGÅüG GP-̧ G-hP-»Þ¾-¾ÞP-ÅôGÅ-̂ Û-hPôÅ-¤ÛP-hP-ºƒï¾-zºÛ-¤ÛP-±ÛG marxism, braille,
boycott, guillotine, gerry-mander, ampere, fahrenheit scale.
P ¤ÛP-̧ Þ¼-GZÛÅ-zÇkïzÅ-qºÛ-f-ljhü Botany, Zoology, Geology.
T ºHã¼-¤ïh-¤±ôm-dGÅü π, g, ¿e-zÞüV º²¤-JÀÛP-uÛ-»ôPÅ-¾-Ez-Vï-zºÛ-±ÛG Radio, Petrol, Radar, Electron, Proton,
Neutron.
W Û̄Å-hP-±m-¼ÛG-DG-GÛ-IPÅ-hP.ü ¤±ôm-dGÅü dGÅü Vô-G-ÅôGÅ-hqï¼-müsin, cos, tan, log ÅôGÅ-hP-(hï-¤±ßPÅ-̄ ÛÅ-¼ÛG-bà-zïh-uôh-qºÛ-»Û-Gï-n¤Å- Roman
hP- Greek GP-¼ÞP-»Ûm-hGôÅ)2ü ±h-ºW¾-zºÛ-M¾-uÛºÛ-¤±ôm-dGÅü cm ¿e-zÞ-h‚Ûm-»ÛG-bà-ºƒÛ-hGôÅ-̂ P.ü zÇkÝÅ-
»ÛG-n¤Å-Gbm-ºzïzÅ-̂ ÛÅ-m-G-¼Û-»Û-Gï¼- ls-eh- ¿e-zÞ-ºƒÛ-VôG ºôm-̂ P-ºhÛ-hG-‚ÛÅ-q-hP-¤P-±ôGÅ-̂ Û-z;ô¾-uôh-Vïh-®¤-¾Å-±m-¼ÛG-hP-ºyâ¾-¼ÛG-ÅôGÅ-̂ Û-±h-¿km-ºƒÛ-ô̄¤-mP-M¾-uÛºÛ-¤±ôm-dGÅ-bïü cm Dô-m-ºƒÛ-hGôÅü
168
3ü fÛG-̄ ÛÅ-̂ Û-z;ôh-q¼-M-G¼-HÛ-»ÛG-¼ÛGÅ-mÅ- d] [k] x º¤- v] c] l ¿e-zÞ-ºƒÛ-VôG-TÛP.ü ̧ Þ¼-GÅÞ¤-̄ ÛÅ-¼ÛG-bà-hqï¼-mü sin A, cos B ¿e-zÞ-¼ô-¤m-»Û-Gï-Dô-m-ºƒÛ-uôh-‚ïh-hGôÅü
4ü ºV¼-ÇoP-GÛ-f-ljh-n¤Å-uÛ¼-zbP-hôm-Nå¼-‚ïh-hGôÅü5ü ÈÛm-hÛ-Ç+h-hôh-Gh¤-Åï¾-Ç+zÅ-ÇezÅ-zhï-zü hôm-¤Û-ºFâ¾-zü Gô-dôGÅ-ÇÀ-z-zTÅ-¾-
hô-ÇoP-hGôÅ-¾ü ½‰ÛP-Ÿïm-¤FïGÅ-z Þ̧P-GÛ-ºhÝ-ÁïÅ-ÇtôP-hGôÅü6ü M-G¼-HÛ-Ç+h-¼ÛGÅ-DG-GÛ-f-ljh-GTÛG-¤fÞm-»ôP-z¼-h¤ÛGÅ-bïü
; M-G¼-HÛ-Ç+h-¼ÛGÅ-GP-¤P-mP-xôGÅ-¤fÞm-hÝ-zïh-uôh-‚ïh-q-hP.üD ¾ïGÅ-¢¼-HÛ-‚ÛPÅ-¾-GŸÛ-zTô¾-GP-fÞz-‚ïh-hGôÅü
7ü uÛ¼-zbP-z;ô¾-Ez-Vï-zºÛ-¼P-Ç+h-̂ Û-zl-Vh-hqï¼-mü telegraph/gram ¾- rkj hP-continent ¾- egk}hi post ¾- Mkd ¿e-zÞ-n¤Å-¼P-Åô¼-ºWôG-Mãü
8ü h‚Ûm-WÛ-hP.ü qô¼-Tß-GÛ wÛ-¼ïm-TÛ-ÅôGÅ-Ç+h-»ÛG-GŸm-mÅ-G»¼-zº¤-O-¼P-Åô¼-zŸG-qºÛ-±ÛG-z;ô¾-Ez-Vï-z-hqï¼-mü ticket, signal, pension, police, bureau, res
taurant, deluxe ¿e-zÞ-n¤Å-¼P-Åô¼-ºWôG-Mãü9ü M¾-uÛºÛ-zl-Vh-¼P-Åô¼-zŸG-q-n¤Å-hïz-m-G-¼Û-»Û-Gï¼-O-zNå¼-‚ïh-Ç+zÅü ±h-¿km-
HÛ-O-GP-Zï-hP-M-G¼-HÛ-ÁïÅ-»ôm-Tm-HÛ-¤Û-w¾-¤ô-Vï¼-IGÅ-Vï-z-hP-zÇeàm-bï-ÇezÅ-GP-zhï-‚ïh-q-¾Åü O-dGÅ-Gż-z-¤P-qô-Çoôm-¤Û-hGôÅ-q-‚-Mãü
10ü hGôÅ-G¾-h¤ÛGÅ-zž-Tm-¤-GbôGÅ-M¾-uÛºÛ-zl-Vh-¼P-Åô¼-zŸG-q-n¤Å-wô-±ÛG-Dô-m¼-ºƒÛ-Mãü
11ü xïh-xïh-ºƒï¾-HÛ-f-ljh-hqï¼-mü xjafVr = guaranteed, Dykfldh = classical,
dksM+dkj = codifier ÅôGÅ-Ç+h-̂ Û-¼P-ºIôÅ-hP-¤fÞm-q-»Ûm-qÅü ÇezÅ-zhï-z-hP.ü
169
zïh-uôh-Vï-zü »ÛG-±ôGÅ-VßP-z-zTÅ-¾-̄ -º²Ûm-HÛÅ-zl-Vh-̂ Û-hGôÅ-¤Dô-¿e¼-ºWôG-Mãü
12ü zl-Vh-Gż-z ô̧ºÛ-Ç+zÅ-hGôÅ-¤ïh-¤Gô-½‰ôG-Vï-zºÛ-±ÛG-zÇkÝh-hP-zÇkÝÅ-±ÛG-ÅôGÅ-¤Û-hGôÅ-q¼ü ¤Z¤-hÝ-Çkïz-MãºÛ-±ÛG-GÛ-V-ÁÅ-ÇS-xÛºÛ-hz¼-£ï¾-dGÅ- (-) z;ôh-m-ÁïÅ-dôGÅ-ÇÀ-z¼-wm-PïÅü
13ü ¼P-Åô¼-zŸG-qºÛ-±ÛG-Gż-q-n¤Å-¾-O-z®m-qºÛ-xÛ¼-ÆôG-¤ïh-̂ Û-dGÅ-GP-¾-TÛ-ºôÅ-MG-hGôÅü
14ü XïÅ-ÅÞ-P-¼ô-zïh-uôP-‚-Mã-Gh¤-D-z¸P-»P- Lens hP- Patent ÅôGÅ-ºƒÛ-Ç+zÅ-ysal] isVsaV] isVs.V ¤Ûm-q¼- ysUl] isVsUV ¿e-zÞ-ºƒÛ-hGôÅüü
170
¸Þ¼-¢¼-GZÛÅ-qü
GUIDELINES FOR CREATING TECHNICAL TERMS
1. A term should have only one technical meaning, preferably - precision ofmeaning.
2. A concept should have only one term to refer to it.3. Related concepts should have related/similar terms4. Similar concepts should have similar terms5. A term should preferably have similar forms in related (major) languages -
especially Indian languages6. A term should be flexible to develop further terms out of it7. Terms have greater derivational potentialities should be preferred8. Terms should be simple and enphonious - easy to understand and use.9. A term should be transparent (self explanatory) to the extent possible10. There should be consistency in terms of a given branch of knowledge11. A term should be short ( precise) and incorporate the salient features of
meaning - long compounds should be avoided12. Colloquial and regional language sources may be explored and given due
weight for coining terms13. Classical sources may be exploited for coining terms14. Existing words of the language must be tested15. Before being finally accepted, a term should be tested with the issues16. International terms may be borrowed with necessary modifications to suit
the phonalogical and morphological structure of the language.