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Glycol-Based Heat Transfer Fluid Technical Manual WEBA Technology Corp. 1213 N Sherman Ave #351 Madison, WI 53704 USA Tel: 608-819-8806 Fax: 608-237-2054 www.webacorp.com
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Page 1: Glycol-Based Heat Transfer Fluid Tech ni cal Manualwebacorp.com/HTF-Manual.pdf · 2015-12-06 · 8 WEBA Technology Heat Transfer Fluid Technical Manual At a treat rate of 6% METALGUARD

Glycol-Based Heat Transfer Fluid Tech ni cal Manual

WEBA Technology Corp.1213 N Sherman Ave #351Madison, WI 53704 USA

Tel: 608-819-8806Fax: 608-237-2054www.webacorp.com

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Copyright © 2003 WEBA Technology Corp.

All rights reserved. No part of this manual may be reproduced in any form by any means, mechanical or elec tron ic, including: re cord ing, pho to copy ing or any stor age and re triev al,

without per mis sion in writ ing from WEBA Technology Corp.

WEBA Technology Corp.1213 N Sherman Ave #351Madison, WI 53704 USA

Tel: 608-819-8806 Fax: 608-237-2054

www.webacorp.com

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Table of Contents

TECHNICAL MANUAL

Glycol-Based Heat Transfer Fluid Technical Manual Introduction 6Why Choose WEBA Technology's Heat Transfer Fluids? 6Applications – Heavy Duty Industrial Ser vice 7Applications - HVAC 7Applications - Food Grade 8Burst Protection – HVAC Coolants 9Choose Between Ethylene Glycol-Based & Propylene Glycol-Based Coolants 10Available as Concentrate or Dilution 10Analytical Services 11General System Design and Equipment Considerations 12Operating Temperature 13Preparation of Existing Systems for Heat Transfer Fluids 13Preparation of New Systems for Heat Transfer Fluids 13Water Quality Considerations 14Safety, Handling, Storage, and Disposal of Heat Transfer Fluids 15

APPENDICES

SECTION 1: Physical Properties and Engineering Data for WEBA TechnologyEthylene Glycol-Based Heat Trans fer Fluids 17

Figure 1: Freezing points of aqueous solutions of ethylene glycol-based heat transfer fl uid products. 18

Figure 2: Boiling points of aqueous solutions of ethylene glycol-based heat trans fer fl uid products. 19

Figure 3: Typical concentrations of ethylene glycol heat transfer fl uids re quired to provide freeze and burst protection at various temperatures. 20

Figure 4: Ethylene glycol concentration versus freezing points and boiling points. 21

Figure 5: Graph - Thermal conductivity of aqueous solutions of ethylene glycol-based heat transfer fl uids. 22

Figure 6: Chart - Thermal conductivity of aqueous solutions of ethylene glycol-based heat transfer fl uids. 23

Figure 7: Graph - Specifi c heat of aqueous solutions of ethylene glycol-based heat transfer fl uids. 24

Figure 8: Chart - Specifi c heat of aqueous so lu tions of ethylene glycol-based heat transfer fl uids. 25

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WEBA Technology Heat Transfer Fluid Technical Manual

Figure 9: Film coeffi cients for eth yl ene glycol-based heat transfer fl uids at 30 percent (volume). 26

Figure 10: Film coeffi cients for WEBA Technology ethylene glycol-based heat transfer fl uids at 40 percent (volume). 27

Figure 11: Film coeffi cients for WEBA Technology ethylene glycol-based heat transfer fl uids at 50 percent (volume). 28

SECTION 2: Physical Properties and Engineering Data for WEBA TechnologyPropylene Glycol-Based Heat Trans fer Fluids 29

Figure 1: Freezing points of aqueous solutions of pro py lene glycol-based heat transfer fl uid products. 30

Figure 2: Boiling points of aqueous solutions of propylene glycol-based heat trans fer fl uid products. 31

Figure 3: Typical concentrations of propylene glycol heat transfer fl uids re quired to provide freeze and burst protection at various temperatures. 32

Figure 4: Propylene glycol concentration versus freezing points and boiling points. 33

Figure 5: Graph - Thermal conductivity of aqueous solutions of concentrated propylene glycol-based heat transfer fl uids. 34

Figure 6: Graph - Thermal conductivity of aqueous solutions of 70% heavy duty propylene glycol-based heat transfer fl uids. 35

Figure 7: Chart - Thermal conductivity of aqueous solutions of propylene glycol-based heat transfer fl uids. 36

Figure 8: Graph - Specifi c heat of aqueous solutions of concentrated propylene glycol-based heat transfer fl uids. 37

Figure 9: Graph - Specifi c heat of aqueous solutions of 70% heavy duty propylene glycol-based heat transfer fl uids. 38

Figure 10: Chart - Specifi c heat of aqueous solutions of propylene glycol-based heat transfer fl uids. 39

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Figure 11: Film coeffi cients for propylene glycol-based heat transfer fl uids at 30 percent (volume). 40

Figure 12: Film coeffi cients for propylene glycol-based heat transfer fl uids at 40 percent (volume). 41

Figure 13: Film coeffi cients for propylene glycol-based heat transfer fl uids at 50 percent (volume). 42

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WEBA Technology Heat Transfer Fluid Technical Manual

WEBA Technology Glycol-Based Heat Transfer Fluid Technical Manual Introduction

WEBA Technology has had extensive experience in the development, manufacturing, and marketing of heat transfer fl uids of all types. Additive packages for heat transfer fl uids include a light-to-medium-duty formula-tion for heating and air conditioning systems (comparable to a Dowfrost, Dowtherm, Ucartherm, etc., when mixed with propylene or ethylene glycol), and a heavy-duty industrial service formulation for large, sta tion ary com pres sor engines, natural gas transmission line bath heaters, and other demanding applications (com pa ra ble to an Ambitrol, Norkool, etc., when mixed with glycol).

WEBA Technology's ongoing research and development effort keeps our additive systems at the lead ing edge of technology. Our technical department routinely provides support to our customers, including annual fl uid sample analyses for customer fl uid maintenance programs, system/fl uid problem-solving assistance, fl uid selection for new systems, etc. We also provide make-up ad di tives for customers whose fl uid sam ples indicate a need for inhibitor restoration.

Why Choose WEBA Technology Heat Transfer Fluids?

WEBA Technology's heat transfer fl uids are superior to other types of coolants such as water, inhibited water, uninhibited glycols, alcohol-water systems, and automotive antifreeze in applications re quir ing long fl uid life. Conventional automotive antifreezes, for instance, typically contain certain additives that perform their func tions very well within their average change-out interval of about two years. How ev er, after a few years, such ingredients can start to have a negative effect on antifreeze per for mance. Silicates and oxidizing cor ro sion inhibitors are two of these ingredients that become troublesome over time.

Silicates protect the aluminum parts which are increasingly used in automobile engines today. However, they also form gels and scale over time that restrict fl ow through large stationary engine cooling systems. Ox i diz ing corrosion inhibitors, like nitrates or nitrites, protect metal against corrosion by forming a resistant metal oxide fi lm, but they limit fl uid life by degrading glycols to glycolic acids. WEBA Technology's high-quality inhibitors and additives are free of silicates and contain ingredients to control the negative effects of ox i diz ing cor ro sion inhibitors which are otherwise benefi cial. WEBA Technology's heat transfer fl uids are diluted with deion ized water, elim i nat ing the corrosive mineral salts found in city and well water supplies.

The result is greater heat transfer effi ciency, fewer maintenance problems, and longer system life.

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WEBA Technology Heat Transfer Fluid Technical Manual

Applications – All-Aluminum Systems for Heavy-Duty Industrial Ser vice (METALGUARD H80)

METALGUARD H80 is a heat transfer fl uid additive package that is based on organic acid technology. It was designed for multi-metal systems and also systems made entirely or partly of aluminum. Traditional heat transfer fl uids are usually phosphate-based (like fl uids made with METALGUARD H50), exhibit relatively high pH levels from 9.0-10.7, and protect aluminum at operating temperatures up to a maximum of 150°F (65°C). While these fl uids provide good protection for most HVAC systems and other heating/cooling systems made primarily of steel with some copper, cast iron and brass, they can cause great damage to all-aluminum systems operating above 150°F, especially all-aluminum boiler systems.

METALGUARD H80’s organic acid-based formulation contains no nitrites, amines, borates or phosphates and provides a pH of 8.0-8.5 in 50% heat transfer fl uid. It protects all commonly used metals, including alu-minum, up to at least 350°F (176°C), and it is compatible with most plastics and elastomers.

Heat transfer fl uids made with METALGUARD H80 can be used in any heating/cooling system but it is the best choice for high-aluminum-content systems operating above 150°F (65°C). The organic acid salts used in METALGUARD H80 coat all metal surfaces for protection from corrosion. Azoles are included to supple-ment “soft” metal protection (copper, brass, solder and aluminum). Organic acid depletion rates are very slow, resulting in a fl uid life at least as long as phosphate-based fl uids without the necessity of boosting the phosphate content periodically.

Applications - HVAC Light-to-Heavy Duty (METALGUARD H50)

WEBA Technology's light-to-medium and heavy-duty heat transfer fl uids and additive packages (METALGUARD H50) protect equip ment from cor ro sion with their spe cial ly for mu lat ed in dus tri al in hib i tor sys tems. They are widely used for sec ond ary cooling and heat ing ap pli ca tions, for freeze and burst pro tec tion of pipes, and for a variety of deicing, de frost ing, and de hu mid i fy ing applications. Spe cifi c func tions include:

HVAC system freeze/burst/corrosion pro tec tion Cold room dehumidifying systems Refrigeration coil defrosting Process cooling Conveyor roller defrosting Ice skating rink refrigeration systems Process heating Air preheating Waste heat recovery Sidewalk snow melting systems Solar heating Refrigeration warehouse fl oor heating

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WEBA Technology Heat Transfer Fluid Technical Manual

At a treat rate of 6% METALGUARD H50 additive package in ethylene glycol is ideal for a wide va ri ety of ap pli ca tions. Most common heavy-duty applications are as corrosion-inhibiting coolants for large sta tion ary en gines which drive the com pres sors used in the transmission of natural gas and other prod ucts through pipe line distribution sys tems. Nitrite can be added to your fi nished product to meet additional chemical re-quirements of some systems. Uses at the higher treat rate include:

Small fi eld compression units Utility combustion air preheaters Utilities using LPG bath heaters Line heaters to prevent formation of hy drates in natural gas or other hy dro car bons Electricity-producing engine generator sets in nuclear or conventional power plants, hos pi tals, shop-

ping centers, or installations that require standby power Industrial diesel engines that use non-aluminum cooling systems

Applications - Food-Grade All Phosphate (METALGUARD H60)

METALGUARD H60 is a specially-formulated heat transfer fl uid that is used primarily with propylene glycol and is used primarily where it may come into incidental or accidental contact with food/beverage products or drinking water may occur. For example it could be used in HVAC systems, fi re systems, solar heating, refrigeration ware-house fl oor heating, sidewalk/playing fi eld subsurface heating/cooling, cold room dehumidifi cation systems, cosmetic or pharmaceutical use and it makes an excellent additive package to make RV storage antifreeze.

METALGUARD H60 contains only food grade or USP dipotassium phosphate. All ingredients are clas-sifi ed as GRAS, or generally recognized as safe, by the FDA and acceptable as food additives (Food Additives Regulations, Subparts 182 and 184). It also meets Food Chemicals Codex (Fourth Edition).

The recommended operating temperature range of METALGUARD H60 is -60ºF to +350ºF (-50°C to 120°C). The lowest temperature to which the fi nished product can be exposed depends upon the amount of water with which the concentrated product is mixed (see table on page 2). METALGUARD H60 can be used to provide both freezing protection and burst protection for systems which may be exposed to very low temperatures.

Generally, WEBA Technology's heat transfer fl uids can be used whenever needed to provide freeze pro tec tion, minimize vaporization at high tem per a tures, and protect systems from boiling and cor ro sion.

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WEBA Technology Heat Transfer Fluid Technical Manual

Burst Protection – HVAC Coolants

Burst protection is required in HVAC systems when the system will remain inactive while tem per a tures are below the freezing point of the solution. Inhibited glycol-based coolants pro vide burst protection in the fol low ing manner: As the temperature falls below the freezing point of the so lu tion, ice crystals form in the water. Con se quent ly, the glycol becomes more concentrated while remaining fl uid. The result is a fl owable slush. The fl uid expands and the excess fl ows into the available expansion volume in the sys tem, but the system must have enough space to allow for the expansion of the ice/slush mix ture. If the glycol con cen -tra tion is adequate, sys tem damage will not occur. A 30% solution of glycol is usually suffi cient to achieve burst protection, since slush will continue to exist down to -60ºF for ethylene glycol and down to -20ºF for pro py lene glycol at this concentration. If ice crystals cannot be permitted to form in the system, or if expansion volume is in ad e quate, freeze protection is re quired. The glycol solution must be of suffi cient concentration to main tain a freez ing point at least 50ºF below the lowest anticipated ambient air tem per a ture in order to achieve ad e quate freeze pro tec tion.

Choose Between Ethylene Glycol-Based and Propylene Glycol-Based Cool ants

The two primary differences between ethylene glycol- and propylene glycol-based coolants are viscosity and toxicity. Ethylene glycol-based cool ants are less viscous, particularly at lower tem per a tures. They are gen er al ly preferred for most heat transfer applications. However, ethylene glycol is classifi ed as hazardous by the EPA and DOT. Shipments of over 5,000 pounds in a single container must be placarded and spills of over 5,000 pounds must be reported immediately to the appropriate regulatory organization. Propylene gly col-based cool ants, on the oth er hand, have low acute oral toxicity, in con trast to the mod er ate toxicity of eth yl ene glycol-based cool ants. There fore, they are pre ferred in sit u a tions where there is a pos si bil i ty of contact with drink ing or ground water, food or beverage products, or where their use is man dat ed by law. They are also more ef fec tive in reducing cav i ta tion and erosion damage to cylinder liners of wet-sleeve diesel en gines. It should also be noted that the freezing points of ethylene glycol/water solutions are generally several de grees lower than those for propylene glycol/water so lu tions of the same con cen tra tion.

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WEBA Technology Heat Transfer Fluid Technical Manual

Available as Concentrate or Dilution

Although WEBA Technology is primarily in the business of selling additive systems, we can make fi n ished heat transfer fl uid concentrates or dilutions on a request basis. The concentrate should be diluted with dis-tilled (or deionized) water to reach the concentration (generally from 30% to 60%) that meets your freeze pro tec tion needs. Concentrations greater than 60% reduce the heat trans fer capacity of the system, while con cen tra tions less than 30% may not provide adequate pro tec tion from freezing and corrosion. If you dilute an WEBA Technology heat transfer fl uid with 70% water or more, you will need to add more inhibitor to properly inhibit the additional water. Pre-diluted cool ants are also available in any strength to meet your re quire ments. These may be de sir able when high-quality dilution water is unavailable, or simply when the time-saving con ve nience and ac cu ra cy of a pre-diluted product is pre ferred. WEBA Technology will assist you in de ter min ing the best type and concentration of fl uid for your particular system and operating con di tions.

Inhibitor Package Information

WEBA Technology concentrated solutions of in hib i tors and performance-enhancing additives are prov en, high-quality formulations designed to provide maximum protection for equipment and systems from corrosion and glycol degradation by-products. These WEBA Technology products are used in two ways. First, inhibi-tor pack ag es can be added to in-service coolant as needed based on lab o ra to ry analysis to greatly prolong the life of the coolant and reduce long-term maintenance costs. Second, heat transfer fl uid concentrates can be easily blended as needed by adding in hib i tor packages to ethylene glycol or propylene glycol, thus elim i nat ing inventory tie-ups of heat transfer fl uid that will not be used for some time. Restorative additive packages can be customized to your specifi c requirements based upon an analysis of a sample from your system by WEBA Technology’s laboratory.

Be sure to review the individual product data sheets for additional information and specifi cation information.

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WEBA Technology Heat Transfer Fluid Technical Manual

Analytical Services and Tech ni cal Support

To assist our customers in attaining the longest pos si ble coolant life, we will recommend laboratories to send samples from your fi nished products and report to you any cor rec tive actions that should be taken. The analysis can in clude evaluation of:

color appearance irregularities glycol concentration and type glycol degradation by-products freeze point pH reserve alkalinity inhibitor types and concentrations water quality ion contamination

We will describe what specifi c actions should be tak en if any defi ciencies are indicated. These actions may include:

adding glycol to maintain freeze protection increasing the pH adding inhibitor concentrate to restore specifi c inhibitor levels and/or the reserve alkalinity

We will also assist you in establishing the capability for conducting fl uid monitoring tests at your facility.

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WEBA Technology Heat Transfer Fluid Technical Manual

General System Design and Equipment Con sid er ations

WEBA Technology heat transfer fl uids are compatible with standard system materials of construction such as copper, brass, steel, solder, cast iron, bronze, alu mi num, and most plastic piping. Gal va nized steel is not recommended because the zinc coating will react with the inhibitors in the coolant and cause precipitate for ma tion, depletion of inhibitors, and removal of the pro tec tive coating, es pe cial ly at temperatures above 100ºF. Pre cip i ta tion can also cause localized cor ro sion.

Centrifugal pumps are commonly used with glycol-based heat transfer fl uids. Reciprocating pumps are nec- es sary where fl uids must be pumped at high head pressures. The protection provided by inhibitors per mit pumps, piping, valves, and fi ttings to be made of ordinary steel or ductile iron. Use of gray iron com po nents is not recommended.

Most packing and mechanical seals used for water can be used with WEBA Technology heat transfer fl uids. We recommend that you consult packing and seal manufacturers for materials appropriate to your ap pli ca- tion and operating temperature range.

WEBA Technology heat transfer fl uids are compatible with most plastics and elastomers, and generally with any material that can be used with uninhibited glycols. The suitability of a particular elastomer over an tic i pat ed temperature and pressure ranges should be verifi ed with the manufacturer before use.

If coatings will be used, options include novalac-based vinyl ester resins, high-bake phenolic resins, polypro- py lene, and polyvinylidine fl uoride. Check with the manufacturer to ensure suitability before using a coating for a particular application and temperature.

Bypass fi lters are recommended for removal of for eign solids, particularly if the solution water quality falls short of the recommended values. Filters made of non-absorbent cotton, fi ber, or cellulose type material may be effective for removing precipitate and sludge.

Use of dissimilar metals in a system may result in galvanic corrosion and is not recommended. This occurs when the metals are in contact with or near each other in electrolytic solutions. Electrical isolation eliminates this problem.

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WEBA Technology Heat Transfer Fluid Technical Manual

Operating Temperature

WEBA Technology heat transfer fl uids have an effective operating bulk temperature range of -50ºF to 350ºF. At temperatures below -50ºF, larger pumps may be needed to overcome the increased viscosity of the fl uids, Film temperatures should not exceed the av er age bulk temperature by more than 50ºF.

Brief temperature excursions of up to 100ºF above the 350ºF recommended upper limit are tolerable, but extended exposure exceeding 50ºF above the limit will accelerate degradation of the glycol and in hib i tor system.

The pressure at all points in the system should be at least 5psi greater than the vapor pressure exerted by the coolant to avoid localized boiling and resulting precipitation.

At temperatures above 150ºF, the system must be closed to avoid rapid evaporation of water, oxidation of the glycol, inhibitor depletion, and subsequent in creased corrosion.

Preparation of Existing Systems for WEBA Technology Heat Transfer Fluids

In existing systems, the old coolant should be thor ough ly fl ushed from the lines and all foreign matter re moved. This includes the removal of all rust, scale, sediment, silicate residue (left from fl uids such as au to mo tive antifreeze), and chloride traces. For large systems or for heavily fouled or corroded systems, consult a pro-fessional industrial cleaning or ga ni za tion. If chemical cleaning is done, all traces of the cleaning sub stance must be removed and the sys tem thoroughly fl ushed with water.

Preparation of New Systems for WEBA Technology Heat Transfer Fluids

New systems should be thoroughly cleaned of oil, grease, or protective fi lms which are typically used for coating during fabrication, storage, or con struc tion. Other contaminants of new systems include dirt, solder fl ux, and welding and pipe scale. The system can be fl ushed with a solution of 1-2% trisodium phosphate in water. Once the system has been adequately prepared for use, system volume can be calculated by me ter ing in the initial fi ll.

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WEBA Technology Heat Transfer Fluid Technical Manual

Water Quality Considerations

If WEBA Technology heat transfer fl uids are to be diluted with water, attention must be paid to the quality of this water. A variety of impurities contained in local water supplies in many areas of the country can re sult in system or engine contamination, damage, and even failure. Total hardness must fall below 300ppm (the com bined maximum levels of chlorides, sul fates, calcium, and magnesium).

High levels of magnesium and calcium can reduce heat transfer capabilities through the formation of de pos its and scale and eventually cause engine dam age. High levels of chlorides or sulfates will greatly increase metal corrosion.

Chloride ions accelerate pitting of cast iron and steel components, and can also attack protective oxide fi lms on metal parts. They also reduce the ef fec tive ness of corrosion inhibitors and accelerate their de ple tion.

Sulfates also contribute to pitting on cast iron and steel parts. In combination with high levels of cal ci um and magnesium, they contribute to the for ma tion of hard scale, thereby reducing heat transfer ef fi cien cy and leading to engine damage.

Calcium bicarbonate tends to thermally decompose into calcium carbonate. This deposits on cooling sys tem surfaces, reducing heat transfer effi ciency and plugging heat exchanger tubes. Calcium bi car bon ate is found at especially high levels in water of the Central Plains states and at moderate levels through out most of the rest of the United States.

Central Plains water is also high in dissolved organic solids. These deposit on cooling system walls as cool-ant evaporates, also reducing heat transfer ef fi cien cy and plugging heat exchangers. Lower levels of organic solids are found as well throughout most of the country.

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WEBA Technology Heat Transfer Fluid Technical Manual

Safety, Handling, Storage, and Disposal of Heat Transfer Fluids

Toxicology - WEBA Technology Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) contain complete toxicological in for ma- tion for all its heat transfer fl uids. They should be obtained and reviewed, prior to product use, to learn the most current health and safety information re lat ed to the use of these heat transfer fl uids.

Flammability - When mixed with water, WEBA Technology heat transfer fl uids are not fl ammable because they have no measurable fl ash point in concentrations up to 80% glycol. Undiluted WEBA Technology heat transfer fl uids have a fl ash point of 230ºF. Solutions of glycol can ignite if enough water has evaporated and the con cen tra tion of glycol exceeds 80%.

Storage - WEBA Technology heat transfer fl uids can be safely stored in most circumstances since the ma te ri als do not readily solidify, have high fl ash points, and are safe to handle. However, sparks or fl ames should be avoided during transfer or processing op er a tions because undiluted glycols can ignite. Tank truck shipments can be transferred to storage tanks or clean drums. METALGUARD H50 and METALGUARD H60 should always be stored above 70ºF. If for any reason they are allowed to get colder than 50ºF some of the ingredients may fall out of solution. In this case the drum will need to be heated to around 85ºF and stired prior to use.

Tank Storage - Ordinary steel tanks are satisfactory for storing WEBA Technology heat transfer fl uids, al though long-term storage can result in some discoloration from iron contamination. As condensation occurs in the vapor space, the presence of oxygen and the ab sence of inhibitor can lead to rusting. This can be minimized by closing all vents and installing breath er type vents and pressure relief systems to seal out air and oxygen while protecting the tank from overpressurization. If this is not possible, coatings can be used to protect the vapor space in tanks. If storage temperatures above 10ºF cannot be maintained, high viscosity can cause freezing or pumping prob lems. The use of insulation and heat will avoid these problems.

Drum Storage - WEBA Technology heat transfer fl uids can be stored in the drums in which they are shipped. Because glycols are hygroscopic (water attracting), water should be prevented from contaminating the drums. If temperatures are anticipated to fall below 50ºF, drums should be stored in a heated building to prevent freezing or pumping problems.

Environmental Considerations – Ethylene glycol and propylene glycol have been found to be biodegradable and should not concentrate in common water systems. However, ethylene glycol has been classifi ed as a haz ard ous material by the US EPA and DOT. Shipments of 5,000 pounds of more in one container must be placarded, and spills of 5,000 pounds or more must be im me di ate ly re port ed to the ap pro pri ate regulatory agen cy in your area. The bio chem i cal oxygen de mand ap proach es the the o ret i cal oxygen demand value in the stan dard 20-day test period for both glycol types. However, since rapid oxygen de ple tion may be harmful to aquatic organisms, the possibility of spills in lakes or rivers should be avoided. Extensive testing has shown ethylene glycol and pro py lene glycol to be vir tu al ly nontoxic to aquatic or gan isms.

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WEBA Technology Heat Transfer Fluid Technical Manual

Spill, Leak, and Disposal Procedures - With appropriate safety equipment, common absorbent material should be used to soak up small spills. Large spills should be pumped into suitable containers located in diked areas and residual material cleaned up with water. Concentrate can be handled according to local, state, and federal regulations.

Salvage - If spent fl uids are not otherwise con tam i nat ed, local regulations usually permit their disposal in local sewage treatment facilities, provided these facilities are notifi ed and prepared in advance. Aer o bic bacteria easily oxidize the fl uids to carbon di ox ide and water within the usual 20-day test period. Check with local, state, and federal authorities to de ter mine the regulations in your area.

When disposing of the additive packages themselves, be sure to reference the safety data sheet for each product and dispose of accordingly.

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WEBA Technology Heat Transfer Fluid Technical Manual

SECTION 1

Physical Properties and Engineering Data for WEBA Technology's Eth yl ene Glycol-Based Heat Trans fer Fluids

Figure 1: Freezing points of aqueous solutions of ethylene glycol-based heat transfer fl uid products. 18

Figure 2: Boiling points of aqueous solutions of ethylene glycol-based heat trans fer fl uid products. 19

Figure 3: Typical concentrations of ethylene glycol heat transfer fl uids re quired to provide freeze and burst protection at various temperatures. 20

Figure 4: Ethylene glycol concentration versus freezing points and boiling points. 21

Figure 5: Graph - Thermal conductivity of aqueous solutions of WEBA Corp eth yl ene glycol-based heat transfer fl uids. 22

Figure 6: Chart - Thermal conductivity of aqueous solutions of WEBA Corp eth yl ene glycol-based heat transfer fl uids. 23

Figure 7: Graph - Specifi c heat of aqueous solutions of ethylene glycol-based heat transfer fl uids. 24

Figure 8: Chart - Specifi c heat of aqueous solutions of ethylene glycol-based heat transfer fl uids. 25

Figure 9: Film coeffi cients for ethylene glycol-based heat transfer fl uids at 30 percent (volume). 26

Figure 10: Film coeffi cients for ethylene glycol-based heat transfer fl uids at 40 percent (volume). 27

Figure 11: Film coeffi cients for WEBA Technology ethylene glycol-based heat transfer fl uids at 50 percent (volume). 28

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WEBA Technology Heat Transfer Fluid Technical Manual

Figure 1

Freezing points of aqueous solutions of WEBA Technology's ethylene and propylene glycol-based heat trans fer fl uid prod ucts.

Freezing Point

The freezing points for glycols are the temperatures at which ice crystals fi rst form. Below these temperatures, a slushy solution of glycol ice crystals and liquid will still permit fl ow and provide coolant protection. However, as the temperature decreases, the slush becomes more and more viscous until solid freezing takes place.

+4.4

-1.1

-6.7

-12.2

-17.8

-23.3

-28.9

-34.5

-40.0

-45.6

-51.1

-56.7

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

Heat Transfer Fluid Propylene Glycol

Heat Transfer Fluid Ethylene Glycol

Volume, Percent

Tem

pera

ture

, F

+40

+30

+20

+10

0

-10

-20

-30

-40

-50

-60

-70

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19

WEBA Technology Heat Transfer Fluid Technical Manual

Figure 2

Boiling points of aqueous solutions of WEBA Technology's ethylene and propylene glycol-based heat trans fer fl uid prod ucts.

Vapor Pressure and Boiling Point

As liquids vaporize, pressure is exerted which increases as temperature increases. Aqueous solutions of WEBA Tech-nology heat transfer fl uid products have vapor pressures lower than water and boiling points above water. However, aqueous solutions of WEBA Technology heat transfer fl uid products have vapor pressures close to that of water because of the water in the solution. Actually, the vapor pressure of the glycol by itself is much less.

As a result, these solutions will tend to lose water by evaporation as temperature rises above the dew point. Because glycols are hygroscopic (attract water molecules), the fl uids pick up water molecules from the air and dilute the solu-tion (lowering the boiling point) as the temperature drops below the dew point. Closed systems of course, reduce this potential problem.

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

350

340

330

320

310

300

290

280

270

260

250

240

230

220

210

200

Heat Transfer Fluid Propylene Glycol

Heat Transfer Fluid Ethylene Glycol

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20

WEBA Technology Heat Transfer Fluid Technical Manual

Note

It is usually prudent to select your required fl uid concentration by picking a temperature at least 5ºF below the lowest expected operating temperature. Note that if you select a solution containing less than 30% glycol, more inhibitor should be added to inhibit the additional water. Consult WEBA Technology for details.

Figure 3

Typical concentrations of WEBA Technology's ethylene glycol heat transfer fl uids re quired to provide freeze and burst protection at various temperatures.

Percent (Volume) Glycol Concentration Required

For Freeze Protection For Burst Protection

Temperature Heat Transfer Fluid Heat Transfer Fluid ºF Ethlyene Glycol Ethylene Glycol

20 16% 11% 10 25 17 0 33 22

-10 39 26 -20 44 30 -30 48 30

-40 52 30 -50 56 30 -60 60 30

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WEBA Technology Corp Heat Transfer Fluid Technical Manual

Figure 4

Ethylene Glycol Concentration versus Freezing Points and Boiling Points

Wt. % Ethylene Glycol

Vol. %

Ethylene Glycol

Wt. %

HTF-EG

Vol. %

HTF-EG

Freezing

Point °F

Boiling Point

°F @ 760 mm Hg

Refractive

Index 72°F

0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0

0.0 4.4 8.9

13.6

0.0 5.2 10.5 15.7

0.0 4.6 9.3 14.2

32.0 29.4 26.2 22.2

212 213 214 215

1.3328 1.3378 1.3428 1.3478

20.0 21.0 22.0 23.0

18.1 19.2 20.1 21.0

20.9 22.0 23.0 24.1

19.0 20.1 21.0 22.0

17.9 16.8 15.9 14.9

216 216 216 217

1.3530 1.3540 1.3551 1.3561

24.0 25.0 26.0 27.0

22.0 22.9 23.9 24.8

25.1 26.2 27.2 28.3

23.0 24.0 25.0 26.0

13.7 12.7 11.4 10.4

217 218 218 218

1.3572 1.3582 1.3593 1.3603

28.0 29.0 30.0 31.0

25.8 26.7 27.7 28.7

29.3 30.4 31.4 32.5

27.0 28.0 29.0 30.2

9.2 8.0 6.7 5.4

219 219 220 220

1.3614 1.3624 1.3635 1.3646

32.0 33.0 34.0 35.0

29.6 30.6 31.6 32.6

33.5 34.6 35.6 36.6

31.0 32.0 33.1 34.1

4.2 2.9 1.4 -0.2

220 220 220 221

1.3656 1.3667 1.3678 1.3688

36.0 37.0 38.0 39.0

33.5 34.5 35.5 36.5

37.7 38.7 39.8 40.8

35.1 36.1 37.2 38.2

-1.5 -3.0 -4.5 -6.4

221 221 221 221

1.3699 1.3709 1.3720 1.3730

40.0 41.0 42.0 43.0

37.5 38.5 39.5 40.5

41.9 42.9 44.0 45.0

39.3 40.3 41.4 42.4

-8.1 -9.8

-11.7 -13.5

222 222 222 223

1.3741 1.3752 1.3763 1.3774

44.0 45.0 46.0 47.0

41.5 42.5 43.5 44.5

46.1 47.1 48.2 49.2

43.5 44.5 45.5 46.6

-15.5 -17.5 -19.8 -21.6

223 224 224 224

1.3785 1.3796 1.3807 1.3817

48.0 49.0 50.0 51.0

45.5 46.6 47.6 48.6

50.2 51.3 52.4 53.4

47.6 48.8 49.8 50.9

-23.9 -26.7 -28.9 -31.2

224 224 225 225

1.3828 1.3838 1.3849 1.3859

52.0 53.0 54.0 55.0

49.6 50.6 51.6 52.7

54.5 55.5 56.4 57.6

51.9 53.0 54.0 55.2

-33.6 -36.2 -38.8 -42.0

225 226 226 227

1.3869 1.3879 1.3890 1.3900

56.0 57.0 58.0 59.0

53.7 54.7 55.7 56.8

58.6 59.7 60.7 61.8

56.2 57.3 58.3 59.5

-44.7 -47.5 -50.0 -52.7

227 228 228 229

1.3910 1.3921 1.3931 1.3942

60.0 65.0 70.0 75.0

57.8 62.8 68.3 73.6

62.8 68.0 73.3 78.5

60.5 65.8 71.5 77.1

-54.9 * * *

230 235 242 248

1.3952 1.4003 1.4055 1.4107

80.0 85.0 90.0 95.0

78.9 84.3 89.7 95.0

83.8 89.0 94.2 99.5

82.6 88.3 93.9 99.5

-52.2 -34.5 -21.6 -3.0

255 273 285 317

1.4159 1.4208 1.4255 1.4300

• Freeze points are below -60°F

21

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WEBA Technology Heat Transfer Fluid Technical Manual

Figure 5

Thermal conductivity (Btu/(hrft2)(ºF/ft)) of aqueous solutions of WEBA Technology's eth yl ene glycol-based heat trans fer fl uids. (volume percent ethylene glycol)

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WEBA Technology Corp Heat Transfer Fluid Technical Manual

Figure 6

Thermal conductivity (Btu/(hr•ft2)(°F/ft)) of aqueous solutions of ethylene glycol-based heat transfer fluids (volume percent ethylene glycol).

Volume Percent Ethylene Glycol

Temp. °F

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

-30 -20 -10 0 10

0.238

0.216 0.220

0.193 0.197 0.200 0.204

0.178 0.181 0.184 0.186 0.176

0.167 0.170 0.172 0.174 0.176

0.158 0.160 0.161 0.163 0.164

0.151 0.152 0.153 0.154

20 30 40 50 60

0.328 0.335 0.341

0.294 0.300 0.305 0.311

0.264 0.269 0.274 0.279 0.284

0.243 0.247 0.251 0.255 0.259

0.224 0.227 0.231 0.234 0.237

0.207 0.210 0.212 0.215 0.218

0.191 0.194 0.196 0.198 0.200

0.178 0.180 0.182 0.183 0.185

0.166 0.167 0.169 0.170 0.171

0.155 0.156 0.157 0.158 0.159

70 80 90 100 110

0.347 0.352 0.358 0.362 0.367

0.316 0.329 0.325 0.329 0.333

0.288 0.292 0.296 0.299 0.302

0.263 0.266 0.269 0.272 0.275

0.240 0.243 0.246 0.248 0.251

0.220 0.223 0.225 0.227 0.229

0.202 0.204 0.206 0.208 0.209

0.186 0.188 0.189 0.190 0.192

0.172 0.173 0.174 0.175 0.176

0.160 0.161 0.161 0.162 0.163

120 130 140 150 160

0.371 0.374 0.378 0.381 0.384

0.336 0.339 0.342 0.345 0.347

0.305 0.308 0.311 0.313 0.315

0.277 0.280 0.282 0.284 0.285

0.253 0.255 0.256 0.258 0.259

0.230 0.232 0.233 0.235 0.236

0.210 0.212 0.213 0.214 0.215

0.193 0.194 0.195 0.196 0.197

0.177 0.178 0.179 0.180 0.180

0.163 0.164 0.165 0.165 0.166

170 180 190 200 210

0.386 0.388 0.389 0.391 0.391

0.349 0.351 0.352 0.353 0.354

0.316 0.318 0.319 0.320 0.321

0.287 0.288 0.289 0.290 0.291

0.261 0.262 0.263 0.263 0.264

0.237 0.238 0.239 0.240 0.240

0.216 0.217 0.218 0.218 0.219

0.197 0.198 0.199 0.199 0.200

0.181 0.181 0.182 0.182 0.183

0.166 0.167 0.167 0.168 0.168

0.265 0.240 0.219 0.219

0.200 0.200 0.200

220 230 240 250

0.392 0.392 0.392 0.392

0.355 0.355 0.355 0.354

0.321 0.322 0.322 0.321

0.291 0.291 0.291 0.291

0.265 0.265 0.265

0.241 0.241 0.241

0.219 0.220 0.201

0.183 0.183 0.184 0.184

0.168 0.169 0.169 0.169

= Above atmospheric boiling point 23

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WEBA Technology Heat Transfer Fluid Technical Manual

Figure 7

Specifi c heat (Btu/(lbºF)) of aqueous solutions of WEBA Technology's ethylene glycol-based heat trans fer fl uids. (vol ume percent ethylene glycol)

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Appendix - Additive Technologies Heat Transfer Fluid Technical Manual

Figure 8

Specific Heat (Btu/(lb• °F)) of aqueous solutions of ethylene glycol-based heat transfer fluids.

Volume Percent Ethylene Glycol

Temp.

°F

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

-30 -20 -10 0 10

0.849

0.799 0.803

0.739 0.744 0.749 0.754

0.680 0.686 0.692 0.698 0.703

0.625 0.631 0.638 0.644 0.651

0.567 0.574 0.581 0.588 0.595

0.515 0.523 0.530 0.538

20 30 40 50 60

1.004 1.001 1.000

0.940 0.943 0.945 0.947

0.897 0.900 0.903 0.906 0.909

0.853 0.857 0.861 0.864 0.868

0.808 0.812 0.816 0.821 0.825

0.759 0.765 0.770 0.775 0.780

0.709 0.715 0.721 0.727 0.732

0.657 0.664 0.670 0.676 0.683

0.603 0.610 0.617 0.624 0.631

0.546 0.553 0.561 0.569 0.576

70 80 90 100 110

0.999 0.998 0.998 0.998 0.998

0.950 0.950 0.954 0.957 0.959

0.912 0.915 0.918 0.922 0.925

0.872 0.876 0.880 0.883 0.887

0.830 0.834 0.839 0.843 0.848

0.785 0.790 0.795 0.800 0.806

0.738 0.744 0.750 0.756 0.761

0.689 0.696 0.702 0.709 0.715

0.638 0.645 0.652 0.659 0.666

0.584 0.592 0.600 0.607 0.615

120 130 140 150 160

0.998 0.999 0.999 1.000 1.001

0.961 0.964 0.966 0.968 0.971

0.928 0.931 0.934 0.937 0.940

0.891 0.895 0.898 0.902 0.906

0.852 0.857 0.861 0.865 0.870

0.811 0.816 0.821 0.826 0.831

0.767 0.773 0.779 0.785 0.790

0.721 0.728 0.734 0.741 0.747

0.673 0.680 0.687 0.694 0.702

0.623 0.630 0.638 0.646 0.654

170 180 190 200 210

1.002 1.003 1.004 1.005 1.007

0.973 0.975 0.978 0.980 0.982

0.943 0.946 0.949 0.952 0.955

0.910 0.913 0.917 0.921 0.925

0.874 0.879 0.883 0.888 0.892

0.836 0.842 0.847 0.852 0.857

0.796 0.802 0.808 0.813 0.819

0.754 0.760 0.766 0.773 0.779

0.709 0.716 0.723 0.730 0.737

0.661 0.669 0.677 0.684 0.692

0.897 0.862 0.825 0.831

0.786 0.792 0.799

220 230 240 250

1.008 1.010 1.012 1.014

0.985 0.987 0.989 0.992

0.958 0.961 0.964 0.967

0.929 0.932 0.936 0.940

0.901 0.905 0.910

0.867 0.872 0.877

0.837 0.842 0.805

0.744 0.751 0.758 0.765

0.700 0.708 0.715 0.723

= Above atmospheric boiling point 25

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26

WEBA Technology Heat Transfer Fluid Technical Manual

Figure 9

Film coeffi cients for WEBA Technology's heat trans fer fl uids at 30% (volume) eth yl ene gly col.

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27

WEBA Technology Heat Transfer Fluid Technical Manual

Figure 10

Film coeffi cients for WEBA Technology heat trans fer fl uids at 40% (volume) ethylene glycol.

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28

WEBA Technology Heat Transfer Fluid Technical Manual

Figure 11

Film coeffi cients for WEBA Technology's heat trans fer fl uids at 50% (volume) ethylene glycol.

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29

WEBA Technology Heat Transfer Fluid Technical Manual

SECTION 2

Physical Properties and Engineering Data for WEBA Technology'sPro py lene Glycol-Based Heat Trans fer Fluids

Figure 1: Freezing points of aqueous solutions of pro py lene glycol-based heat transfer fl uid products. 30

Figure 2: Boiling points of aqueous solutions of propylene glycol-based heat trans fer fl uid products. 31

Figure 3: Typical concentrations of propylene glycol heat transfer fl uids re quired to provide freeze and burst protection at various temperatures. 32

Figure 4: Propylene glycol concentration versus freezing points and boiling points. 33

Figure 5: Graph - Thermal conductivity of aqueous solutions of WEBA Corp concentrated propylene glycol-based heat transfer fl uids. 34

Figure 6: Graph - Thermal conductivity of aqueous solutions of WEBA Corp 70% heavy duty propylene glycol-based heat transfer fl uids. 35

Figure 7: Chart - Thermal conductivity of aqueous solutions of WEBA Corp propylene glycol-based heat transfer fl uids. 36

Figure 8: Graph - Specifi c heat of aqueous solutions of concentrated propylene glycol-based heat transfer fl uids. 37

Figure 9: Graph - Specifi c heat of aqueous solutions of 70% heavy duty propylene glycol-based heat transfer fl uids. 38

Figure 10: Chart - Specifi c heat of aqueous solutions of propylene glycol-based heat transfer fl uids. 39

Figure 11: Film coeffi cients for propylene glycol-based heat transfer fl uids at 30 percent (volume). 40

Figure 12: Film coeffi cients for propylene glycol-based heat transfer fl uids at 40 percent (volume). 41

Figure 13: Film coeffi cients for propylene glycol-based heat transfer fl uids at 50 percent (volume). 42

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WEBA Technology Heat Transfer Fluid Technical Manual

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

Heat Transfer Fluid Propylene Glycol

Heat Transfer Fluid Ethylene Glycol

Volume, Percent

Tem

pera

ture

, F

+40

+30

+20

+10

0

-10

-20

-30

-40

-50

-60

-70

Figure 1

Freezing points of aqueous solutions of WEBA Technology's ethylene and propylene glycol-based heat trans fer fl uid prod ucts.

Freezing Point

The freezing points for glycols are the temperatures at which ice crystals fi rst form. Below these temperatures, a slushy solution of glycol ice crystals and liquid will still permit fl ow and provide coolant protection. However, as the temperature decreases, the slush becomes more and more viscous until solid freezing takes place.

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31

WEBA Technology Heat Transfer Fluid Technical Manual

Figure 2

Boiling points of aqueous solutions of WEBA Technology's ethylene and propylene glycol-based heat trans fer fl uid prod ucts.

Vapor Pressure and Boiling Point

As liquids vaporize, pressure is exerted which increases as temperature increases. Aqueous solutions of WEBA Tech-nology heat transfer fl uid products have vapor pressures lower than water and boiling points above water. However, aqueous solutions of WEBA Technology heat transfer fl uid products have vapor pressures close to that of water because of the water in the solution. Actually, the vapor pressure of the glycol by itself is much less.

As a result, these solutions will tend to lose water by evaporation as temperature rises above the dew point. Because glycols are hygroscopic (attract water molecules), the fl uids pick up water molecules from the air and dilute the solu-tion (lowering the boiling point) as the temperature drops below the dew point. Closed systems of course, reduce this potential problem.

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

350

340

330

320

310

300

290

280

270

260

250

240

230

220

210

200

Heat Transfer Fluid Propylene Glycol

Heat Transfer Fluid Ethylene Glycol

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32

WEBA Technology Heat Transfer Fluid Technical Manual

Note

It is usually prudent to select your required fl uid concentration by picking a temperature at least 5ºF below the lowest expected operating temperature. Note that if you select a solution containing less than 30% glycol, more inhibitor should be added to inhibit the additional water. Consult WEBA Technology for details.

Percent (Volume) Glycol Concentration Required

For Freeze Protection For Burst Protection

Temperature Heat Transfer Fluid Heat Transfer Fluid F Propylene Glycol Propylene Glycol

20 18% 12% 10 29 20 0 36 24

-10 42 28 -20 46 30 -30 50 33

-40 54 35 -50 57 35 -60 60 35

Figure 3

Typical concentrations of WEBA Technology's propylene glycol heat transfer fl uids re quired to provide freeze and burst protection at various temperatures.

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WEBA Technology Corp Heat Transfer Fluid Technical Manual

Figure 4

Propylene Glycol Concentration versus Freezing Points and Boiling Points

Wt. %

Propylene Glycol

Vol. %

Propylene Glycol

Wt. %

HTF-PG

Vol. %

HTF-PG

Freezing

Point °F

Boiling Point

°F @ 760 mm Hg

Refractive

Index 72°F

0.0 5.0 10.2 15.0

0.0 4.8 9.6

14.5

0.0 5.2 10.5 15.7

0.0 5.0 10.0 15.1

32.0 29.1 26.1 22.9

212 212 212 212

1.3328 1.3383 1.3438 1.3495

20.0 21.0 22.0 23.0

19.4 20.4 21.4 22.4

20.9 22.0 23.0 24.0

20.3 21.3 22.4 23.4

19.2 18.3 17.6 16.6

213 213 213 213

1.3555 1.3567 1.3579 1.3591

24.0 25.0 26.0 27.0

23.4 24.4 25.3 26.4

25.1 26.1 27.2 28.2

24.5 25.5 26.5 27.6

15.6 14.7 13.7 12.6

213 214 214 214

1.3603 1.3615 1.3627 1.3639

28.0 29.0 30.0 31.0

27.4 28.4 29.4 30.4

29.3 30.3 31.4 32.4

28.6 29.7 30.7 31.8

11.5 10.4 9.2 7.9

215 215 216 216

1.3651 1.3663 1.3675 1.3687

32.0 33.0 34.0 35.0

31.4 32.4 33.5 34.4

33.5 34.5 35.5 36.6

32.8 33.9 35.0 36.0

6.6 5.3 3.9 2.4

216 216 216 217

1.3698 1.3710 1.3721 1.3733

36.0 37.0 38.0 39.0

35.5 36.5 37.5 38.5

37.6 38.7 39.7 40.8

37.1 38.2 39.2 40.3

0.8 -0.8 -2.4 -4.2

217 217 218 218

1.3744 1.3756 1.3767 1.3779

40.0 41.0 42.0 43.0

39.6 40.6 41.6 42.6

41.8 42.9 43.9 45.0

41.4 42.4 43.5 44.5

-6.0 -7.8 -9.8

-11.8

219 219 219 219

1.3790 1.3802 1.3813 1.3825

44.0 45.0 46.0 47.0

43.7 44.7 45.7 46.8

46.0 47.0 48.1 49.1

45.7 46.7 47.8 48.9

-13.9 -16.1 -18.3 -20.7

219 220 220 220

1.3836 1.3847 1.3858 1.3870

48.0 49.0 50.0 51.0

47.8 48.9 49.9 50.9

50.2 51.2 52.3 53.3

50.0 51.1 52.2 53.2

-23.1 -25.7 -28.3 -31.0

221 221 222 222

1.3881 1.3892 1.3903 1.3914

52.0 53.0 54.0 55.0

51.9 53.0 54.0 55.0

54.4 55.4 56.5 57.5

54.3 55.4 56.5 57.5

-33.8 -36.7 -39.7 -42.8

222 223 223 223

1.3924 1.3935 1.3945 1.3956

56.0 57.0 58.0 59.0

56.0 57.0 58.0 59.0

58.5 59.6 60.6 61.7

58.5 59.6 60.6 61.7

-46.0 -49.3 -52.7 -56.2

223 224 224 224

1.3966 1.3977 1.3987 1.3998

60.0 65.0 70.0 75.0

60.0 65.0 70.0 75.0

62.7 68.0 73.2 78.4

62.7 68.0 73.2 78.4

-59.9 <-60.0 <-60.0 <-60.0

225 227 230 237

1.4008 1.4058 1.4104 1.4150

80.0 85.0 90.0 95.0

80.0 85.0 90.0 95.0

83.6 88.9 94.1 99.3

83.6 88.9 94.1 99.3

<-60.0 <-60.0 <-60.0 <-60.0

245 257 270 310

1.4193 1.4235 1.4275 1.4315

Typical properties are not to be confused with specifications. For additional protection, select a temperature in the above table that is at least 5°F lower than the expected lowest ambient temperature. When using solutions of less than 30% glycol, adjust inhibitor levels. For additional information and specific case assistance contact WEBA Corp laboratory services

33

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WEBA Technology Heat Transfer Fluid Technical Manual

Figure 5

Thermal conductivity (Btu/(hrft2)(ºF/ft)) of aqueous solutions of WEBA Technology's propylene glycol-based heat trans fer fl uid concentrate. (volume percent propylene glycol)

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35

WEBA Technology Heat Transfer Fluid Technical Manual

Figure 6

Thermal conductivity (Btu/(hrft2)(ºF/ft)) of aqueous solutions of WEBA Technology's propylene glycol-based 70% heavy duty heat trans fer fl uid. (volume percent propylene glycol)

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WEBA Technology Corp Heat Transfer Fluid Technical Manual

Figure 7

Thermal conductivity (Btu/(hr•ft2)(°F/ft)) of aqueous solutions of propylene glycol-based heat transfer fluids.

Volume Percent Propylene Glycol

Temp. °F

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

-30 -20 -10 0 10

0.235

0.211 0.215

0.188 0.191 0.194 0.196

0.171 0.174 0.176 0.178 0.179

0.159 0.160 0.161 0.162 0.163

0.147 0.148 0.148 0.149 0.149

0.137 0.137 0.136 0.136 0.136

20 30 40 50 60

0.328 0.335 0.341

0.293 0.299 0.304 0.310

0.262 0.267 0.272 0.277 0.281

0.239 0.243 0.247 0.251 0.254

0.218 0.222 0.225 0.227 0.230

0.199 0.201 0.204 0.206 0.208

0.181 0.183 0.184 0.186 0.187

0.164 0.165 0.166 0.167 0.168

0.150 0.150 0.150 0.150 0.150

0.136 0.135 0.135 0.135 0.134

70 80 90 100 110

0.347 0.352 0.358 0.362 0.367

0.315 0.319 0.323 0.327 0.331

0.285 0.289 0.292 0.295 0.298

0.258 0.261 0.263 0.266 0.268

0.233 0.235 0.237 0.239 0.241

0.210 0.211 0.213 0.214 0.215

0.188 0.189 0.190 0.191 0.192

0.168 0.169 0.169 0.170 0.170

0.151 0.151 0.151 0.151 0.151

0.134 0.134 0.133 0.133 0.132

120 130 140 150 160

0.371 0.374 0.378 0.381 0.384

0.334 0.338 0.340 0.343 0.345

0.301 0.304 0.306 0.308 0.309

0.270 0.272 0.274 0.276 0.277

0.243 0.244 0.245 0.246 0.247

0.217 0.218 0.218 0.219 0.220

0.193 0.193 0.194 0.194 0.194

0.170 0.170 0.171 0.171 0.171

0.150 0.150 0.150 0.150 0.150

0.132 0.131 0.131 0.130 0.130

170 180 190 200 210

0.386 0.388 0.389 0.391 0.391

0.347 0.348 0.350 0.351 0.351

0.311 0.312 0.313 0.314 0.314

0.278 0.279 0.280 0.280 0.280

0.248 0.249 0.249 0.249 0.249

0.220 0.221 0.221 0.221 0.221

0.195 0.195 0.195 0.194 0.194

0.171 0.170 0.170 0.170 0.169

0.149 0.149 0.148 0.148 0.147

0.129 0.129 0.128 0.127 0.127

0.249 0.220 0.194 0.193

0.169 0.168 0.168

220 230 240 250 260

0.392 0.392 0.392 0.392 0.391

0.352 0.352 0.351 0.351 0.359

0.314 0.314 0.314 0.314 0.313

0.280 0.280 0.280 0.279 0.278

0.249 0.249 0.248 0.247

0.220 0.220 0.219 0.218

0.193 0.192 0.191

0.167 0.166

0.147 0.146 0.146 0.145

0.126 0.125 0.125 0.124

270 280 290 300 310

0.389 0.388 0.386 0.384 0.381

0.349 0.347 0.346 0.344 0.341

0.312 0.310 0.309 0.307 0.305

0.277 0.276 0.275 0.273 0.271

0.246 0.245 0.244 0.242 0.241

0.217 0.216 0.215 0.214 0.212

0.191 0.190 0.188 0.187 0.186

0.166 0.165 0.164 0.163 0.162

320 325

0.378 0.376

0.339 0.337

0.302 0.301

0.269 0.268

0.239 0.238

0.211 0.210

0.185 0.184

0.160 0.160

= Above atmospheric boiling point

36

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37

WEBA Technology Heat Transfer Fluid Technical Manual

Figure 8

Thermal conductivity (Btu/(hrft2)(ºF/ft)) of aqueous solutions of WEBA Technology's propylene glycol-based con cen trate and 70% heavy duty heat trans fer fl uid.

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38

WEBA Technology Heat Transfer Fluid Technical Manual

Figure 9

Specifi c Heat (Btu/(lbºF/ft))of aqueous solutions of WEBA Technology's propylene glycol-based con cen trate and 70% heavy duty heat trans fer fl uid. (volume percent propylene glycol)

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WEBA Technology Corp Heat Transfer Fluid Technical Manual

Figure 10

Specific Heat (Btu/(lb• °F)) of aqueous solutions of propylene glycol-based heat transfer fluids.

Volume Percent Propylene Glycol

Temp.

°F

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

-30 -20 -10 0 10

0.882

0.827 0.832

0.758 0.764 0.770 0.776

0.684 0.691 0.698 0.705 0.712

0.608 0.616 0.625 0.633 0.641

0.615 0.623 0.630 0.637 0.645

0.542 0.550 0.558 0.566 0.574

20 30 40 50 60

1.004 1.001 1.000

0.969 0.970 0.972 0.973

0.929 0.932 0.935 0.937 0.940

0.886 0.890 0.894 0.897 0.901

0.837 0.842 0.847 0.852 0.857

0.782 0.788 0.794 0.800 0.806

0.719 0.727 0.734 0.741 0.748

0.649 0.658 0.666 0.674 0.682

0.652 0.660 0.667 0.674 0.682

0.583 0.591 0.599 0.607 0.615

70 80 90 100 110

0.999 0.998 0.998 0.998 0.998

0.975 0.976 0.978 0.979 0.981

0.943 0.945 0.948 0.951 0.953

0.905 0.909 0.913 0.916 0.920

0.862 0.867 0.871 0.876 0.881

0.812 0.818 0.824 0.830 0.836

0.755 0.762 0.769 0.776 0.783

0.691 0.699 0.707 0.715 0.724

0.689 0.696 0.704 0.711 0.718

0.623 0.631 0.639 0.647 0.656

120 130 140 150 160

0.998 0.999 0.999 0.100 1.001

0.982 0.984 0.985 0.987 0.988

0.956 0.959 0.961 0.964 0.967

0.924 0.928 0.932 0.935 0.939

0.886 0.891 0.896 0.901 0.906

0.842 0.848 0.854 0.860 0.866

0.791 0.798 0.805 0.812 0.819

0.732 0.740 0.748 0.756 0.765

0.726 0.733 0.740 0.748 0.755

0.664 0.672 0.680 0.688 0.696

170 180 190 200 210

1.002 1.003 1.004 1.005 1.007

0.990 0.991 0.993 0.994 0.996

0.969 0.972 0.975 0.977 0.980

0.943 0.947 0.951 0.954 0.958

0.911 0.916 0.920 0.925 0.930

0.872 0.878 0.884 0.890 0.896

0.826 0.833 0.840 0.847 0.855

0.773 0.781 0.789 0.798 0.806

0.762 0.770 0.777 0.784 0.792

0.704 0.712 0.720 0.729 0.737

0.935 0.902 0.862 0.869

0.814 0.822 0.831

220 230 240 250 260

1.008 1.010 1.012 1.014 1.017

0.997 0.999 0.100 0.002 1.005

0.983 0.985 0.988 0.991 0.993

0.962 0.966 0.970 0.973 0.977

0.940 0.945 0.950 0.955

0.908 0.914 0.920 0.926

0.876 0.883 0.890

0.839 0.847

0.799 0.806 0.814 0.821

0.745 0.753 0.761 0.769

270 280 290 300 310

1.019 1.022 1.025 1.029 1.032

1.008 1.011 1.013 1.016 1.019

0.996 0.999 1.001 1.004 1.007

0.981 0.985 0.989 0.992 0.996

0.960 0.965 0.969 0.974 0.979

0.932 0.938 0.944 0.950 0.956

0.897 0.904 0.912 0.912 0.926

0.855 0.864 0.872 0.880 0.888

320 325

1.036 1.038

1.022 1.025

1.009 1.011

1.000 1.002

0.984 0.987

0.962 0.965

0.933 0.936

0.897 0.901

= Above atmospheric boiling point 39

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WEBA Technology Heat Transfer Fluid Technical Manual

Figure 11

Film coeffi cients for WEBA Technology's heat trans fer fl uids at 30% (volume) propylene glycol.

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41

WEBA Technology Heat Transfer Fluid Technical Manual

Figure 12

Film coeffi cients for WEBA Technology's heat trans fer fl uids at 40% (volume) propylene glycol.

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42

WEBA Technology Heat Transfer Fluid Technical Manual

Figure 13

Film coeffi cients for WEBA Technology's heat trans fer fl uids at 50% (volume) propylene glycol.


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