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GM HydroGen3 Demonstration Program

Raj ChoudhuryGeneral Motors Corporation

Metropolitan Washington Council of GovernmentsMay 23, 2006

www.gmability.com

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Fuel cells convert hydrogen into electricity through an “electrochemical process”

2H2 + O2 -> 2H2O,

+ Electricity

+ Heat

Hydrogen Fuel Cell Basics

Very Quiet!

No Exhaust!

Very Efficient!

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Diffusion medium

Diffusion medium

Bipolar plate (anode)Bipolar plate (anode)

Bipolar plate Bipolar plate (cathode)(cathode)

Membrane electrode ass’y

Fuel Cell Stack

Typically, stackcomposed

of 100s of cells

HydroGen3’s stack puts out

94,000 Watts

of electrical power

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Fuel Cell Power Plant vs. the “Internal Combustion Engine”

Source: Scientific American

Hydrogen-powered fuel cell engine: TWICETWICE the efficiency with ZEROZERO emissions

HydroGen3 Fuel Cell Car

Fuel cell power module

Hydrogen storage

Traction system

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Shell Hydrogen Station in Washington DC

First

retail station in the

nation

to offer both gasoline

& hydrogen

The Benning Road Station

• Five Year GM–US DOE $88 Million Fuel Cell Vehicle and Infrastructure Demonstration Program

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Shell Hydrogen Station in Washington DC

President Bush refuels HydroGen3 at Shell Hydrogen station in Washington, DC (May 25, 2005)

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US Mail delivery in Washington, DC area (2004-06) 497,122 pieces of US Mail delivered in the first 19 months of the Program

GM – Government Demo Programs

• GM also has programs with the US Military, and has just concluded one with DC DOT

EPA Demo Program (2005-06)

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Where do we get the hydrogen?

Oil

NaturalGas

Coal

Carb

on

-based

Nuclear

Ren

ew

ab

le

Biomass

Hydro

Wind

Solar

Hydrogen

CH4 + H20 CO + 3H2

CO + H2O CO2 + H2

2H2O 2H2 + O2

Reforming

Electrolysis

R

R

R

R

E

E

E

E

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Hydrogen can help with…..

HydrogenHydrogen

Petroleum Dependence Trade Balance

Global Climate Change (CO2)

Local Air Quality

PM, HC, CO NOx, SOx

CO2, N2O,CH4

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Cost (of the fuel cell system)

Hydrogen storage (since that determines driving range)

Commercialization Challenges(it does no good if we can’t sell in high volumes…)

“Infrastructure” (namely, where do I refuel?)

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16World’s first drivable hydrogen

powered fuel cell / by-wire vehicle (2002)

17Skateboard, Anyone??

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Inside the cockpit….

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- 0 to 60 mph < 10 seconds- 300 mile range- 10,000 PSI compressed H2

- By-wire controls- electric all-wheel drive- 11 inch “skateboard”

GM “Sequel” (2005)GM “Sequel” (2005)

So, you see, in addition to being COMPLETELY CLEAN and VERY EFFICIENT, Hydrogen & Fuel Cells can also lead to

VERY EXCITING new vehicles !!

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- Energy IndependenceIndependence- Energy Security & DiversitySecurity & Diversity- Reducing Air PollutionAir Pollution- Reducing Global Warming EmissionsGlobal Warming Emissions- Protecting Public HealthPublic Health- Creating JobsJobs- Cars with Cars with performanceperformance & & featuresfeatures beating beating expectationsexpectations

Industry-Government partnership can play a key role in Industry-Government partnership can play a key role in facilitating the commercialization of hydrogen and fuel facilitating the commercialization of hydrogen and fuel cell technologycell technology

Key Drivers

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For more information please see

www.gmability.com

www.hydrogen.gov