Date post: | 20-Oct-2014 |
Category: |
Education |
View: | 1,089 times |
Download: | 3 times |
Challenges of Maintaining Excellence in Higher Education:
Role of AIU
Prof. Beena ShahSecretary General
Association of Indian UniversitiesNew Delhi
1E.Mail ID: [email protected]
The Sustainable Excellence in Higher Education: Main Aspects
Address the status of Higher Education in the Country
Challenges faced by HEIs and sustain for long term on global standards
Suggestions that can Improve the Quality of Higher Education
Interventions & Guidance to Overcome the Challenges in Today’s Change Process
2E.Mail ID: [email protected]
History of Indian EducationAncient Period – It was Based on Caste and Social Status Education was only for Brahmins and rulers family
Mughal Period – Education was Elitist based
British Period – Colonial rule contributed to an legacy of Education System but reinforced pre - existing elitist tendencies
Modern Period- Pt. Nehru envisaged India as a secular democracy and used education as a tool to achieve economic prosperity & social equity, imbued with inclusiveness and national pride.
Since the era of Rajeev Gandhi, various innovative reforms were implemented. In continuation, Right to Education Bill 2009 has been executed in the whole country. XIth 5-yr Plan is dedicated to education. Education budget in Higher Education is enhanced 10 times to the Xth 5-yr Plan. 3
E.Mail ID: [email protected]
Institutional Framework: University Act/LegislationSl. No.
University Act/Legislation
1. Central University Act of Parliament2. State University State Legislative Act3. Deemed University Central Govt. notification4. Open Central/State
UniversityRespective Act
5. Institutes of National Importance
Act of Parliament
6. Other Institutions State Legislative Act and affiliated to the University
7. Autonomous College Status given by UGC5E.Mail ID: [email protected]
Regulatory FrameworkCentral Government
Regulatory Body Brief Function
UGC – UGC Act 1956 Responsible for Coordination, determination, and maintenance of standards and release of grants to universities /institutions and research organization
AICTE - Act 1987 Regulates technical Education i.e. Mgmt., Engg., etc
MCI - MCI Act 1956(amended in 1993)
Regulates medical Education and grants registration for medical professionals
DEC- IGNOU Act 1985 Regulates ODL education programmes
PCI- Pharmacy Act 1948
Regulates Pharmacy Education and grants registration for Pharmacy professionals
INC- INC Act 1947 Regulates Nursing Education and grants registration for qualified nurses
COA- Architects Act 1972
Regulates architectural Education and grants registration for architects
BCI- Advocate Act 1961
Regulates promotes and maintains standards of legal Education 6
E.Mail ID: [email protected]
Regulatory Frame WorkDCI‐
Dentists Act‐
1948 Regulates Dental Education
ICAR‐ Has
established
various
research
centres
in
order
to
meet
agricultural research and agriculture Education
NCTE‐
NCTE Act 19 Regulate and facilitate planned and coordinated development
of the teacher education system
CCH‐
CCH Act 1973 Regulates
Homeopathy
Education
and
grants
registration
for
Homeopathic professionals
CCIM‐
CCIM Act 1970 Regulate Indian medicine education and grants registration for
Indian medicine professionals
RCI – RCI Act 1992 Has
twin
responsibility;
standardizing
and
regulating
the
training
of
personnel
and
professional
in
the
field
of
rehabilitation and special education
NCRI‐ Promote rural higher Education
SCHE Each states of India has its own higher education council which
prepare
coordinated
programmes
of
development
of
higher
education
7
Contd…
E.Mail ID: [email protected]
Growth in Number of Higher Education Institutes (HEIs)
Number of Colleges
10E.Mail ID: [email protected]
11
Type of Institutions No of Institutions2006 2011
Central Universities 20 42State Universities 217 260Deemed Universities 104 130Institute Established Under State Legislations
5 10
Institutions of National Importance 13 41
Private Universities 8 64Total 373 547Colleges 17625 25951Grant Total 18365 27045
Type of Institutions
E.Mail ID: [email protected]
Breakup of Universities (2011)
12
Type of Universities Number of Universities
Percentage
Conventional Universities 280 51.18
Technical Universities 138 25.22
Medical Universities 45 8.22
Agricultural Universities 42 7.67
Open Universities 15 2.74Law Universities 14 2.55
Sanskrit Universities 13 2.37
Total 547 100E.Mail ID: [email protected]
Student Enrolments (in Millions) in Higher Education (Global Scenario 2009)
14
*
India 2010 E.Mail ID: [email protected]
Gross Enrolment Ratio in Higher Education (Global Scenario 2010)
15
26%
21%
Developed countries avg. GER 54.6% Countries in transition 36.3 % Global
Avg 40% E.Mail ID: [email protected]
Challenges in Higher Education1. Access
2. Equity
3. Quality Perspective
4. Funding
5. Imbalances in Student Mobility
6. Faculty Shortage
7. Declining Trend of Enrolment in Conventional Programmes
8. Rapid Privatization
9. Entry of Foreign Universities16
E.Mail ID: [email protected]
1.(b) Students/Women Enrolment Faculty-wise: 2008-2009
Faculty Total Enrollment
%age of total
Women Enrollment
%age of total
Arts 5875532 43.07 2772580 49.08
Science 2612406 19.15 1129255 19.99
Commerce/ Management 2486901 18.23 915719 16.21
Education 286478 2.10 180771 3.20
Engineering/ Technology 1313706 9.63 276806 4.90
Medicine 446087 3.27 202803 3.59
Agriculture 80482 0.59 15253 0.27
Animal Husbandry Science 21827 0.16 4519 0.08
Law 381971 2.80 89256 1.58
Others 136418 1.00 62140 1.10
Total Enrolment 13641808 100.00 5649102 100.00
19Source: UGC Annual Report 2008‐2009E.Mail ID: [email protected]
2. Equity
Large variations are in the enrolment ratio
among various categories of population
based on Gender, Socio-Economic Status,
Locality (Rural/Urban/Remote/ Tribal, etc.)
21E.Mail ID: [email protected]
3.(a.1) Regulation of Higher Education InstitutionsScreening to Maintain the Quality1.Central/State Govt. – Permission to
Establish
2.UGC – Approval to award the degree
3.16 regulatory Bodies – Permission to Start Courses under their preview
4.Accreditation Agencies: NAAC, NBA, AB, DEC, etc.- To assess and acredit the Higher Education Institutions under their preview 23E.Mail ID: [email protected]
3.(a.2) NAAC Grading: Determinants of Quality and Quality Gaps in Universities
24E.Mail ID: [email protected]
3.(b) Governance: HEIs Governance be role models of corporate governance including ethical standard, openness and transparency. The main obstacle are:a) Involvement political and non academic persons in
Governing Council/Executive Councilb) Absence of Academic Committeesc) Inadequate Student Involvement in Governanced) Insufficient cooperation between Industry & Other
Stakeholderse) Absence of Merit-based incentive scheme (including
fixed and variable pay concept)f) Lack of Autonomy and Freedom of Work due to
Control and Interference of Govt.g) Absence of Collegiate Spirit among facultyh) Education being a concurrent subject many times
differences arise between centre and state Govts.26
E.Mail ID: [email protected]
In view of Quality Perspective-
What is taught & how to be taught are very important
Quality, Relevance and Flexibility are essential component in curriculum and content development
Lack of ICT Infrastructure, trained man power and adaptability will are factors prolonged adoption of reformed Pedagogy in classrooms
EDUSAT, Virtual Classrooms Teaching & ODL System are yet to take momentum
Transition from Conventional Pedagogy to Online, Electronic Media
27
3.(c) Content, Curriculum and Delivery
E.Mail ID: [email protected]
4.(a) Central government Total Expenditure on Higher Education
(In Rs.
Billion)
29E.Mail ID: [email protected]
4.(b) Central Government Fund Distribution over Different Sectors of Higher Education (2009)
30E.Mail ID: [email protected]
4.(c) Public Expenditure on Higher Education as a %age of GDP (Global Scenario)
31E.Mail ID: [email protected]
5.(a) Mobility of Indian Students to Foreign Countries (2009-10)
33
Country NumbersUSA 104,897
Australia 79,000UK 27,500
Canada 9,600France 1,700
Germany 4,500Japan 546
Malaysia 2,000NZ 6,000
Thailand 357Taiwan 500Total 236600
Due to racial attacks –
declined in 2008‐09 –
94,000 E.Mail ID: [email protected]
5.(b) International Students in Indian Universities Continent wise (2008-09)
Continents 2008-09Asia 16004
Africa 4193America (N & S) 614
Europe 304Australasia 66
Miscellaneous 597Total 21778
Source: AIU Database; Received Information from 127 univs 34
E.Mail ID: [email protected]
5.(c) International Students in Indian Universities Top Ten Countries
(2008‐09)
Countries 2008-09Iran 2972
Ethiopia 1937United Arab Emirate 1726
Nepal 1711Afghanistan 1192Saudi Arabia 1043
China 873Sri Lanka 742Bhutan 680Kuwait 490Total 13366
Source: AIU Database35
E.Mail ID: [email protected]
5. (d) International Students in Indian Universities (Top ten Universities)
(2008‐09)
Universities Male Female TotalUniversity of Pune, Pune --- --- 3507University of Mysore, Mysore 894 585 1479University of Delhi, Delhi 699 525 1224Manipal University, Manipal 583 641 1224Osmania University, Hyderabad 946 221 1167Symbiosis International University, Pune 622 485 1107VIT University, Vallore 348 106 454Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 336 114 450Alagappa University, Karaikudi 253 186 439Indira Gandhi National Open University, Delhi 3907 1954 5861
Total 8588 4817 16912
Source: AIU Database 36E.Mail ID: [email protected]
6. Faculty Shortage: Lucrative
salaries & glamour particularly in
the Industries of Private Sector
and Multinational companies, it
has become for universities to
attract the talent
37E.Mail ID: [email protected]
7. Declining Enrolment in Traditional Fields of Knowledge
8. Privatization: increasing rapidly due to-1. Inadequate number of Quality Institutions
2. Out of the Entrants appeared in Entrance test only 1% in IIMs & 2% in IITs could get admission.
3. Lack of resources to meet out the increasing demand for Higher Education
Therefore, Liberal Policies introduced for private sector to share the responsibility
Even now self financed programmes permitted in public funded universities/colleges
Due to faculty shortage unable to maintain quality38
E.Mail ID: [email protected]
40E.Mail ID: [email protected]
9. Entry of Foreign Universities: Why Need FEP in India?
Liberalization, Globalization & Internationalization of Higher Education have opened gates To cope with rising demands of Higher Education, and with changing scenario in education world overTo meet the demand of students to provide access into quality institutionsTo enhance accessibility from GER 12.5%, in higher education institutions to –
15 percent by 201530 percent by 2020
Quality Assurance in higher education is a major global concern for Competitive environment, FEPs are the best betInternational Mobility with respects to students, teachers and even the institutions have taken place in a very high magnitude
41E.Mail ID: [email protected]
9.a Entry of Foreign Universities:Favorable Points for Foreign Educational Institutions in India
India has more than 55 million population of 17-25 years age group. The youth population has sound knowledge of English language
What is desired from FEP(s)?Programmes offered by FEP should be in conformity with the standards in their parent country and laid down by competent authority in India i.e.-curriculum, duration, faculty, etc. FEPs should not be concentrated up to metros or big cities but also encouraged by giving incentives to open their institutes in the rural/remote areas of our country 42
E.Mail ID: [email protected]
Suggestions to Improve the Quality of Higher Education
Action Research in EducationAction research provides a positive avenue for empowerment, engagement, creativity and generation of new knowledge for discarding the bonds of restrictive legislation, bureaucratization, and isolation
To resolve Faculty Development & Research Issues
Adequate Use of ICT in delivery of Education
Strong Liaison between Institutions and Corporate for funding & Joint Collaborations
43E.Mail ID: [email protected]
45E.Mail ID: [email protected]
46
Interventions Through Reforms To Address Challenges in Higher Education
E.Mail ID: [email protected]
Intervention through Reforms in Higher Education
Education for all is the basic objective behind Reforms, Conforming to Millennium Development Goal
Right to Education Act 2009 executed in the whole country and Rs. 17100 Billion allocated in the XIth plan budget for execution
National Knowledge Commission (NKC) established in 2005 to review status of Higher Education in the country and give the recommendations
47E.Mail ID: [email protected]
1500 universities and 3500 colleges of higher education Manifold increase in the quality institutions viz IITs, IIMs, NITs, IIITs, AIIMs and Central UniversitiesEmphasis given to address the gender, regional, geographical and social inequality gapsDue emphasis is given to issues of access, equity, relevance, quality, governance and networking of higher education institutions through ICT as well as enhancement to Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER)Preparing frameworks for Public Private Partnership in Higher EducationOpening of 500 new polytechnics, 210 new Community Colleges in un-served districts
Access and Expansion Aspects -
48E.Mail ID: [email protected]
The Government of India, took immediate action on the recommendations of NKC
Today we have 15 IITs, 4 IIITs, 13 IIMs, 20 NITs, 30 Central Universities. In majority New Universities are established in rural areas
16 World Class Universities and 3 Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISERs), 3 AIIMs, are about to come
(contd...)
49E.Mail ID: [email protected]
Equity Aspects -Setting up of Equal opportunity Office in the universities to look into aspects of inclusiveness, affordability and all schemes for disadvantaged group be operational
To reduce the gap and enhance the quality and excellence between have & have not's are also covered by UGC for receiving grant
GoI, Facilitated Soft Education Loan to aspirants of Higher Education through Loan Guarantee Authority
(contd...)
50E.Mail ID: [email protected]
Financial Aspects -The 11th five year plan of India is designated as the Education Plan Enhanced budget for education manifold from Rs. 540,000 million in Xth Plan to RS 2370,000 (> 4 times) Million in the XIth PlanEnhanced budget for higher education from Rs 80,000 million (in the Xth Plan) to Rs 849,430 million(> 10 times) in the XI PlanProvision made for Special support to universities/colleges of rural/remote areas
(contd...)
51E.Mail ID: [email protected]
Sustainable Quality Maintenance –9 Universities, 100 colleges recognized as potential for excellence by UGC
500 centres/departments identified under special assistance programme by UGC in universities
For quality improvement and uniformity, UGC has issued guidelines to bring some Academic and administrative reforms viz
Entrance Test is mandatory for admission in M. Phil. and Ph. D. programmes
Semester system, credit transfer and credit accumulation are to be adopted by all universities including conventional universities
Accreditation made mandatory for all Higher Education Institutions
Encouraged Networking through WWW, WAN & LAN to enhance the efficiency and quick information downloading & transmission
(contd...)
52E.Mail ID: [email protected]
Proposed Bills for Bringing Regulatory Reforms in the Higher Education Sector
Legislation Objective
NCHER-2000 Single super regulator for higher education
FEI (regulation of Entry and operation) Bill - 2010
To regulate the entry and operation of FEIs
The Educational Tribunals Bill - 2010
Settlement of education disputes
The Universities for Innovation Bill - 2010
To provide regulatory framework for establishing world class universities
National Accreditation Regulatory authority
To regulates process of accreditation
The prohibition of unfair Practices in Technical & medical educational institutions and Uni. -2010
To prohibit unfair practices in the institutions under reference
53All are under process of approvaL/implementationE.Mail ID: [email protected]
Role of AIU in Sustainable Quality MaintenanceAIU is a 85 year old autonomous body of Higher Education
Established on March 23, 1925 name as IUB at their own initiative of 14 Indian Universities
Steadily till 1945 IUB became stronger, popular and established a place of immense importance in Higher Education and Proved its existence as authentic spokesperson of universities.
In 1973, IUB renamed as AIU with same motto – “From Association is Born Integration”
AIU, being an Apex body of Higher Education represents Indian Universities at National/ International forums 55(contd…)E.Mail ID: [email protected]
To Coordinate and Establish Liaison between Univs., Govts. (State/Federal) and Agencies (National/International). Provides active support to its members for quality assurance, teaching, training and research.
Internationalization of education, equivalence of degrees between Indian and foreign universities, harmonization of Higher Education in global perspective are the top priorities of AIU.
56
Continued….
E.Mail ID: [email protected]
Maintains Standards & Autonomy of Universities.
AIU is the only organization in the country which certifies equivalence to foreign and Indian degrees/ diplomas in general & technical education.
Facilitates and Provides services for equivalence of degrees to Federal Govt.: Employment Agencies/ Recruitment Boards and Indian Banks
Organizes Capacity Building Training Programmes, Research Conventions, Workshops/ Conferences, etc. to improve Quality of Teaching, Examination, Research and Scholarly Publications.
(contd…) 57
Continued….
E.Mail ID: [email protected]
Publishes Universities Handbook, Newsletters, Books, AIU News Weekly Journal, Monographs, etc.
Promotes International Cooperation between AIU & International Associations/Agencies for active academic partnership between Foreign and Indian Universities in areas of common interestMaintains Up-to-date data bases of accomplishment of Universities and its dissemination to user agenciesAIU Organizes & Promotes Inter University Sports and Youth Welfare Programmes for all round personality development of studentsOrganizes roundtable meetings of VCs at Zonal and National levels on emerging areas of Higher Education
58
Continued….
E.Mail ID: [email protected]
Networking of Institutions (Inter & Intra)1.
Between Department within University
2.
Between/among universitiesa)
Within Country
b)
Indian & ForeignAspects of Academic Cooperations
Sharing of InfrastructureMobility of Students/FacultyKnowledge Sharing
Joint Research ProjectsJoint PublicationsJoint Seminar/Workshops/Training Programme
Technology TransferCooperations in Youth Affairs & Sports Activities
59E.Mail ID: [email protected]
MoUs between AIU and International OrganizationsSl. No.
Name of Organization
5. Danish School of Education, University of Aarthus, Cophenhagen
6. Association of Universities in Netherlands (VSNU)
7. Association of Universities and Colleges in Canada (AUCC)
8. Universities Scotland (US)
9. Foundation of International Cooperation in Higher Education of Taiwan (R.O.C.) (FICHET)
Sl. No.
Name of Organization
1. Universities Australia (earlier AVCC)
2. Rectors Conference of Germany (HRK)
3. Indo French Consortium of Universities (IFCU)
4. Institute of International Education (IIE), New York
60E.Mail ID: [email protected]
Indian Ocean Rim – Association for Regional Cooperation (IOR‐ARC)
1.
Educational exchanges amongst the IOR‐ARC countries have made rapid strides in the recent years.
2.
Australia
and
Singapore
are
the
most
favorites destination for higher education among the IOR‐ARC
3.
India
is
a
substantial
recipient
of
large
number
of students from Iran, UAE, Oman, Mauritius and Yemen, Sri Lanka
4.
Indian
Government
continues
to
facilitate
and
further strengthen
these
exchanges
for
greater
people‐to‐
people contacts India61E.Mail ID: [email protected]
62
International Sports Federation, Brussells
(FISU)
World Bank, Washington
(WB)
University Mobility in the Indian Ocean
Rim (UMIOR)
United Nations Educational, Scientific
and Cultural Organisation, Paris
(UNESCO)
Commonwealth of Learning, Canada
(COL)
Institute of International
Education, New York (IIE)
International Association of
Universities (IAU)
Association of International
Educators (NAFSA)
UMIOR
AIUInterface with International Organisations
E.Mail ID: [email protected]
The Main Features of MoUsExchange of students/Research Scholars
Exchange of Faculty/Technical staff
Joint Research Activities-Projects, Publications
Joint Educational Programmes-Dual/Joint Degree
Exchange of Visits
Joint Seminars
63Contd…E.Mail ID: [email protected]
To promote equivalence of degree/diploma, mutual credit recognition of programmes between Indian and foreign universities Promote Mutual Credit Recognition between Member Institutions of AIUPromote Open Access to Scientific and Scholarly PublicationsInformation Sharing between Associations & UniversitiesLinkage Internet Websites for Disseminate InformationInternships, Research Cooperations and Joint Capacity Building ProjectsTo explore cultural and sporting exchange through links with the common wealth/world university games
64E.Mail ID: [email protected]
Organized International Forum on Higher Education
Nov. 27, 2006 University of Mumbai, Mumbai
Nov. 27, 2007 Anna University, Chennai
Nov. 18, 2008 North Eastern Hill University, Shillong
Nov. 14, 2009 Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar
Nov. 12-14, 2010
Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Pune
65E.Mail ID: [email protected]
If universities are to contribute their best, it cannot
be by each university contributing individually … I
think, it will be possible for us in the universities, to
come to some agreed solutions on major problems
and if this is done, ….. We shall be serving a very
useful purpose.
66
Sir A. L. Mudaliar Former President, AIU
E.Mail ID: [email protected]