GM’s Alternative Propulsion StrategyGM’s Alternative Propulsion Strategy

Jamal N. El-Hout,Vice President, Product Planning & CV Operations

Jamal N. El-Hout,Vice President, Product Planning & CV Operations

Multibrand-Event

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Vehicle ownership is still growing worldwide

• 2020

– 15% vehicle ownership

– 1.1 billion vehicles

– Circle the earth 125 times

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Western Europe16 countries

390m people17.0 m vehicles/annum

Central Europe16 countries

195m people2.2m vehicles/annum

Eastern Europe12 countries

282m people2.7m vehicles/annum

Europe is a continent with high diversity and significant growth opportunity

Europe is a continent with high diversity and significant growth opportunity

GM definition

870m people44 countries 13 time zones

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Euro 3

Euro 4 (present)

Euro 5

Future emission requirements in Europe continue to tighten dramatically

Future emission requirements in Europe continue to tighten dramatically

NOX (g/km)0.5 0.6

PM

(g

/mile)

PM

(g

/km

)

NOX (g/mile)1.00.90.8

Legislation has already reduced emissions by over 90% from uncontrolled levels

0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4

0.02

0.05

0.06

0.04

0.02

0

0.70.60.50.40.30.2

0.10

0.080.05

0.03

0.01

0.09

0.07

0.06

0.04

0.03

0.01

Euro 6

GM’s diesel engines today emit

70% fewer particulates and

90% less NOx than 10 years ago

Allowable emissions will decrease by a factor of 10 within one decade

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Energy and propulsion alternatives are many –what will dominate in the future?

Energy and propulsion alternatives are many –what will dominate in the future?

Electric Vehicle

Energy Resources

Energy Carriers

Propulsion Systems

Fuel-Cell Electric

Hydrogen

GaseousFuels

Gaseous ICE

Biomass

Natural Gas

Coal

Nuclear

Other Renewables

(Solar, Wind, Hydro)

Electricity

Electric Vehicle

Batt

ery

Ele

ctr

ificati

on

Plug-In Hybrid ICE

Conventional ICE:

Gasoline / Diesel

Oil LiquidFuels

ICE Hybrid

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“The key as we see it at GM is energy diversity – being able to offer our customers vehicles that can be powered with many different sources of energy.We must – as a business necessity – develop alternative sources of propulsion, based on alternative sources of energy, in order to meet the world’s growing demand for our cars and trucks.”

Rick WagonerChairman and CEOGeneral Motors CorporationGeneva Motor Show, 6 March 2007

GM is committed to energy diversityGM is committed to energy diversity

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GM will continue to improve internal combustion enginesGM will continue to improve internal combustion engines• Gasoline engines – Higher levels of fuel economy, power and

torque

• Diesel engines – Increased power and torque with reduced emissions and Noise / Vibration / Harshness

• Engine downsizing and turbocharging is a key trend

• Transmissions: Higher levels of fuel economy and performance

• Past Achievements:

• First to meet Euro 4 with Astra 1.7 diesel

• First to meet diesel particulate filter requirementswith Vectra 1.9 diesel

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Saab BioPower: Market Leader in EuropeSaab BioPower: Market Leader in Europe

Europe:

• Saab European market leader with 40% market share, ahead of Ford and Volvo

North America:

• GM market leader – more than 2 Million vehicles on the road

Brazil:

• 90% of the vehicles sold by GM are FlexPower vehicles

Beyond Europe, ethanol is a major success for GM

Beyond Europe, ethanol is a major success for GM

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Opel – strong player with CNG applicationsOpel – strong player with CNG applications• Two major local markets:

Italy and Germany

• Total European market volume 45,000 vehicles/annum

• 60% Italy, 30% Germany, 10% Sweden, Switzerland and Austria

• Opel 2nd largest manufacturer

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GME works with partners on LPG and BiodieselGME works with partners on LPG and Biodiesel

Biodiesel

Biodiesel

LPG

LPG

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Mild and strong hybrids for multiple marketsMild and strong hybrids for multiple markets

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2007 2008 20092006 2010

GM Hybrid System

Two-ModeHybrid

Light Hybrid

GM/Allison Hybrid Bus

Chevrolet Silverado/GMC Sierra

Saturn VUE

Tahoe/Yukon

Escalade

Silverado/Sierra

Two-ModeHybrid

Chevrolet Malibu

Saturn Aura

Saturn VUEGreen Line

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Strong Hybrid(Two-Mode AHS2)

Engine start/stop at idle

Complete cycle regen braking

Electric launch

Engine cycle optimization

Engine off on deceleration

Regen braking Electric Assist

Battery Power

To

tal

Veh

icle

Po

wer

, P

eak

% IC Engine Power

Two Mode

Engine downsizing

Mild Hybrid(BAS+)

Micro Hybrid

(Start Stop)

Pure electrical drive

Developing several hybrid systemsDeveloping several hybrid systems

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Pursuing a large scale Fuel Cell program Pursuing a large scale Fuel Cell program

Chevrolet Equinoxdemonstration fleetto be run in the U.S. and in Europe

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Today internal combustion prevailsToday internal combustion prevails

GasolineE85E100

DieselBio-diesel

Gasoline/Diesel engines: 99% of Global Annual Vehicle Production

Hybrids: 1% of Global Annual Vehicle Production

GasolineE85E100

DieselBio-diesel

Transmission IC Engine Fuel Tank

Electronic Motor Battery

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GM’s E-Flex System comes in two versionsGM’s E-Flex System comes in two versions

Ele

ctr

ic M

oto

rEle

ctr

ic M

oto

rLiquid Fuel: Gasoline E85 E100 Diesel Biodiesel

Hydrogen

IC Engine

Plug

Battery

Generator

Hyd

rog

en

Battery

Fuel Cell

GasolineE85

E100Diesel

Biodiesel

Fuel Tank

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E-Flex to support alternative propulsion programsE-Flex to support alternative propulsion programs• Supports a variety of alternative technologies without

having to change the whole powertrain and vehicle configuration

• Utilizes electricity from the grid as major propulsion source

• Avoids poor range and long charge-times of pure electric vehicles

• Supports both Fuel Cell Powertrains and powertrains with internal combustion engines

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GM’s first E-Flex application: Chevrolet VOLTGM’s first E-Flex application: Chevrolet VOLT• Global Compact Vehicle Based

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GM’s first E-Flex application: Chevrolet VOLTGM’s first E-Flex application: Chevrolet VOLT• Global Compact Vehicle Based

• Electric Drive Motor– 120 kW peak power

– 320 Nm peak torque (236 lb-ft)

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GM’s first E-Flex application: Chevrolet VOLTGM’s first E-Flex application: Chevrolet VOLT• Global Compact Vehicle Based

• Electric Drive Motor– 120 kW peak power

– 320 Nm peak torque (236 lb-ft)

• Li Ion Battery Pack– 136 kW peak power

– 16 kWh energy content

– Home plug in charging

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GM’s first E-Flex application: Chevrolet VOLTGM’s first E-Flex application: Chevrolet VOLT• Global Compact Vehicle Based

• Electric Drive Motor– 120 kW peak power

– 320 Nm peak torque (236 lb-ft)

• Li Ion Battery Pack– 136 kW peak power

– 16 kWh energy content

– Home plug in charging

• Generator– 53 kW

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GM’s first E-Flex application: Chevrolet VOLTGM’s first E-Flex application: Chevrolet VOLT• Global Compact Vehicle Based

• Electric Drive Motor– 120 kW peak power

– 320 Nm peak torque (236 lb-ft)

• Li Ion Battery Pack– 136 kW peak power

– 16 kWh energy content

– Home plug in charging

• Generator– 53 kW

• Internal Combustion Engine– 1.0L 3-cylinder turbo

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GM’s first E-Flex application:Chevrolet VOLTGM’s first E-Flex application:Chevrolet VOLT• Putting it All Together

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GM is delivering on its commitment

to energy diversity

GM is delivering on its commitment

to energy diversity• Continuing to improve efficiency of internal combustion engines

• Intensifying efforts to displace petroleum-based fuels with biofuels like E85 ethanol and CNG

• Deploying a consumer test fleet of more than 100 fuel cell vehicles around the world

• Accelerating development of E-Flex technology for electric vehicles