GO131:International Relations

Professor Walter HatchColby College

North vs South

A World Divided

Where the Poor Live

Who’s Doing Poorly

Who’s Doing Poorly (II)

Trends in Global Poverty

Trends in Global Poverty (II)

Global Poverty: Some Facts

34 percent of Africans are chronically undernourished

Nearly half of all adults in Africa, the Middle East, and South Asia are illiterate

Clean water is scarce. One fifth of the world’s population lacks access to safe drinking water

A Growing Income Gap

…depends on how you look at it

Change in Global Inequality

Why is the Global South so Poor?Two Views

Marxist

Liberal

Marxist View

European colonialism and imperialism

Dependency and neo-dependencyGunder Frank

Role of the state?Iran in 1953

Guatemala in 1954

Chile in 1973

Liberal View

Third World is victim of its own bad policies

Economists: “Get prices right”

Bruce Scott: “Get institutions right”

Demographers: “Get population right”

Modes of North-South Interaction

TradeFDITechnology TransferForeign Aid (ODA)

Infrastructure and social programsDoes it help or hurt?

Debt restructuring and reliefParis ClubLondon Club

Bilateral Aid

Bilateral Aid (II)

Multilateral Organizations

NGOs

The Third World RespondsCalls for Reform

New International Economic Order (1973)UNCTAD & UNDPG-20 in WTO

Calls for RevolutionChina (1949)Cuba (1959)Algeria (1962)Vietnam, Cambodia, Angola, Mozambique (1975)Nicaragua and Iran (1979)Afghanistan (1992)

South-South Cooperation/Collusion

Resource CartelsCoffee, bananas, copper, oil

OPEC$55 per barrel