GOAL #1 National Security

Protect American borders, territory and property from attack or control by foreign powers. Examples: Air strikes against ISIS in Iraq.

GOAL #2 Free and Open Trade

Preserve access to natural resources and foreign markets. Examples: •Trade agreements with China •Anti-Piracy patrols in Indian Ocean.

GOAL #3 World Peace

Maintaining stability of the world situation. Requires cooperation and negotiation with foreign powers and occasionally supplying economic aid. Examples: •Working through the United Nations to resolve world problems.

GOAL #4 Supporting America’s Allies

U.S. helps supports (primarily democratic) governments that are friendly to the U.S. with economic, political and military aid. Will support non-democratic governments if it helps reach other goals. Examples: •American military and political support for NATO countries •U.S. involvement in Vietnam.

GOAL #5 Humanitarian Assistance

Providing $$$ and resources to poor countries. Helps promote economic growth; health and education; stabilize governments; encourages peace and security.

Examples: Somalia (1992) Haiti (2010) Nepal (2015)

Executive Branch and Legislative Branch share foreign policy powers as part of checks and balances. Executive negotiates a treaty/Senate ratifies treaty. POTUS sends troops into combat up to 60 days/Congress votes to approve, provides funding and declares war.

The State Department is responsible for carrying out foreign policy. Headed by the Secretary of State (SECSTATE) who is POTUS’ chief foreign policy advisor and chief U.S. representative to other countries. State maintains embassies and consulates around the world to aid relations with other countries.

DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE Cabinet department responsible for maintaining strength and control of the military. POTUS acts as Commander-In-Chief Headed by the Secretary of Defense (SECDEF) Assists POTUS in his duties as Commander-in-Chief. 5 Branches of the Military: Army, Navy, Air Force, Marines, Coast Guard

PRE-1898 The U.S. practiced a strict policy of ISOLATIONISM. The Founding Fathers warned America to beware of foreign entanglements. The U.S. was only concerned about North America (MONROE DOCTRINE) and had the oceans as a barrier.

1898 Isolationism begins to come to an end with the Spanish-American War. The U.S. obtained military bases in the Pacific and Caribbean during this period to protect American overseas trade. Improvements in science and technology were making it politically and economically difficult for the U.S. to remain uninvolved in the world.

1914-1941 U.S. is dragged into two world wars due largely to attacks by foreign powers. Isolationism makes a strong comeback after WWI but rapidly comes to an end in 1941 with the U.S. entry into WWII. 1945: Using her new status as a superpower, the U.S. helps to resolve international disputes, chiefly through the United Nations. New policy called INTERNATIONALISM.

1945-1992 In order to contain the spread of communism, the U.S. begins intervening politically, economically and militarily in other countries INTERVENTIONISM U.S. and Soviet Union wage war against each other by struggling for influence over newly-independent and developing countries. Leads to U.S. involvement in Korea and Vietnam as well as numerous smaller wars around the world.

North Atlantic Treaty Organization Founded in 1949 as a mutual-defense alliance to counter the threat posed by the Soviet Union.

COLLECTIVE SECURITY If one country is attacked, the others are obligated to come to its aid. EX: Many NATO countries contributed troops to the war in Afghanistan. The Soviet Union started the Warsaw Pact as a rival organization.

1992-The breakup of the Soviet Union removed the primary threat to NATO but the organization has grown to 28 member-states. Many are former Soviet satellite states and former Soviet republics. EX: Czech Republic, Hungary, Romania, Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia. This makes Russia nervous.

1992-PRESENT Since the collapse of the Soviet Union, the U.S. is

maintaining its policy of internationalism and collective security

Focused on: Ending conflicts that have the potential to spread into bigger wars Humanitarian crises Fighting terrorism. Policy involves NATO and allies like Israel.

RUSSIA •Attempting to reassert control over countries that were once part of the Soviet Union •Some of these trade with NATO countries or are themselves NATO countries (Ukraine, Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia). •Anti-Western paranoia guiding their foreign policy CHINA •Becoming the dominant military and economic power in East Asia. •Growing population •Bad blood with Japan (U.S. Ally)

RADICAL ISLAM •Seeks to reestablish the Caliphate, an Islamic empire that stretched from modern Iran to Spain. •Wants western cultural influence out of Muslim land