Normalcy in Government

1920 Election of Warren G. Harding as President.

Simpler days before the war.

Isolationist policies by U.S. Government.

Not to get involved in foreign affairs.

Washington Conference—proposed disarmament of arms buildup for 10 years. The leader was Charles Evan Hughes.

Kellogg Briand Pact—15 Nations signed the pact to outlaw war. Eventually 64 nations signed the agreement.

New High tariff returned U.Ss. To isolationist position. (Fordney-McCumber Tariff)

Nativism Policies-

1. Quota System established.

2. Discriminatory quotas against European immigrants.

Labor UnrestWorking conditions—higher wages & to form

Unions.

Wartime inflation.

Technological unemployment

Strikes.

Boston Police Strike—They wanted a pay raise. When asked for a raise they were fired. Calvin Coolidge calls out the National Guard. New policemen were hired. Coolidge became a hero.

U.S. Steel Strike-wanted shorter hours, higher wages, collective bargaining and union. Company hired strikebreakers. Negotiations not met. Investigation-harsh working conditions. They received an 8 hour day but no union.

Coal Minters Strike was headed by John L. Lewis. Wanted higher wages & shorter hours. Wilson appoints arbitrator-they received a 27% pay increase.

Labor Unions became weaker because immigrants were willing to work in poor conditions; Blacks excluded from Union.

Open Door System-those who were willing to work for less money.

Welfare Capitalism-people needed money regardless of their conditions.

Labor Unrest-working conditions

-wartime inflation

-technological unemployment

-strikes

Boston Police strike

U.S. Steel strike

Coal Miners Strike

John L. Lewis

-labor unions weaken

Open Shop system

Welfare capitalism

The Red ScareRussian Revolution in 1917-Vladimir Lenin

becomes Communist leader of Russia.

Red Scare-Americans afraid that the U.S. would convert to Communism.

U.S. Communist Party formed by the International Workers of the World. Dozens of bombs mailed to government businesses & business leaders.

Palmer Raids-J. Edgar Hoover appointed by Palmer to hunt down Communists, socialists and anarchists in America.

Violation of Civil Liberties-raided private homes & offices and jailed suspects without legal counsel.

Sacco & Vanzetti-Anarchist immigrants accused of murder & executed for robbing a paymaster. Purpose—to set an example

Growth of the KKKI (1924) reached 4.5 million. Purpose-against Blacks, saloons, unions, Roman Catholics and Immigrants.

The Red Scare-Russian Revolution, 1917

Vladimir Lenin

Communists

cry of worldwide revolution

-Red Scare

U.S. Communist Party, IWW

-Palmer Raids

Mitchell Palmer

J.Edgar Hoover

violations of civil liberties

-Sacco and Vanzetti

anarchist immigrants accused of murder and executed

-Growth of the Klan

The Red Scare-Russian Revolution, 1917

Vladimir Lenin

Communists

cry of worldwide revolution

-Red Scare

U.S. Communist Party, IWW

-Palmer Raids

Mitchell Palmer

J.Edgar Hoover

violations of civil liberties

-Sacco and Vanzetti

anarchist immigrants accused of murder and executed

-Growth of the Klan

The Red Scare-Russian Revolution, 1917

Vladimir Lenin

Communists

cry of worldwide revolution

-Red Scare

U.S. Communist Party, IWW

-Palmer Raids

Mitchell Palmer

J.Edgar Hoover

violations of civil liberties

-Sacco and Vanzetti

anarchist immigrants accused of murder and executed

-Growth of the Klan

The Red Scare-Russian Revolution, 1917

Vladimir Lenin

Communists

cry of worldwide revolution

-Red Scare

U.S. Communist Party, IWW

-Palmer Raids

Mitchell Palmer

J.Edgar Hoover

violations of civil liberties

-Sacco and Vanzetti

anarchist immigrants accused of murder and executed

-Growth of the Klan

The Red Scare-Russian Revolution, 1917

Vladimir Lenin

Communists

cry of worldwide revolution

-Red Scare

U.S. Communist Party, IWW

-Palmer Raids

Mitchell Palmer

J.Edgar Hoover

violations of civil liberties

-Sacco and Vanzetti

anarchist immigrants accused of murder and executed

-Growth of the Klan

The Red Scare-Russian Revolution, 1917

Vladimir Lenin

Communists

cry of worldwide revolution

-Red Scare

U.S. Communist Party, IWW

-Palmer Raids

Mitchell Palmer

J.Edgar Hoover

violations of civil liberties

-Sacco and Vanzetti

anarchist immigrants accused of murder and executed

-Growth of the Klan

Harding and CoolidgeProsperity returns to the U.S.

Harding made some good & bad appointments.

Herbert Hoover became Secretary of Commerce.

Andrew Mellon became Secretary of Treasury.

Ohio Gang-Harding’s poker playing cronies—Corrupt friends used their offices to become wealthy through graft.

Charles Forbes sold government supplies to private companies.

Teapot Dome Scandal—Government owned oil rich lands leased out to private oil companies for less than their values. This was done by Albert B. Fall.

Harding & administration are embarrassed.

Harding dies in Office & Calvin Coolidge replaces him and wins; He wins re-election on the slogan “Keep Cool With Coolidge.”

He became known as “Do Nothing Cal”

He continued high tariffs.

Harding and Coolidge

-Prosperity returns to the United States

-Harding made some good and bad appointment choices

Herbert Hoover

Ohio Gang

-Teapot Dome Scandal

gov’t owned oil rich lands leased out to private oil companies for far less than their value

-Harding and administration are embarrassed

-Harding dies in Office and Calvin Coolidge replaces him and wins re-election

“Keep Cool with Coolidge” –

“Do Nothing Cal”

Harding and Coolidge

-Prosperity returns to the United States

-Harding made some good and bad appointment choices

Herbert Hoover

Ohio Gang

-Teapot Dome Scandal

gov’t owned oil rich lands leased out to private oil companies for far less than their value

-Harding and administration are embarrassed

-Harding dies in Office and Calvin Coolidge replaces him and wins re-election

“Keep Cool with Coolidge” –

“Do Nothing Cal”