Goal

Homework

Warm-up

Earth LayersTo identify the different layers that make up the Earth’s interior

DR 4.1

Please take out your homework .Then, in your science journal:

Look at p. 96 – 97 in your book. Based on composition, what are the 3 layers of the Earth? Describe what each layer is made of.

How the Earth Was Made

With the people around you, come up with a list of three scientific mysteries mentioned in the video, and what evidence scientists used to help figure out what really happened during the formation the Grand Canyon

Rocks and Minerals Test

A. Earth’s layers

Inside the Earth

Divided up in two ways:(1) Composition (the compounds they’re made of)(2) Physical properties (how they behave)

Pure substance made of elements chemically bonded together

B. What is a compound?

Densest layers are in the core because denser objects always sink due to gravity, while less dense objects float to the surface.

Three layers based on composition:

1)2)3)

CrustMantleCore

crust

mantle

core

Composition of the Earth

The Earth’s Crust

Oceanic Crust

Continental Crust

Continental crust

Oceanic crust

silicon, oxygen and aluminum

Why does oceanic crust sit lower than continental crust? (What do we know about basalt?)

iron, calcium, and magnesium

Basalt

Granite

DENSER LESS DENSE

The MantleA. Between the core and

crust

B. Most of the Earth’s mass is in the mantle

C. Contains more magnesium, which is denser than aluminum in the crust

The top layers of the mantle are hot enough to be plastic or semi-liquid, which allows it to…

FLOW

There are places in the ocean where the mantle pushes through to form new rock along the ocean floor.

Scientists research the ocean floor to find out about the mantle, because…

The Mantle

They’re made of the same stuff!

RIFT

Where the mantle meets the crust

The CoreA. Consists of an outer

liquid core and a solid inner core

B. Makes up 1/3 of the Earth’s mass

C. Made mainly of iron and nickel (the denser elements)

D. Almost no silicon, oxygen, and aluminum

Deepest Hole in the World

Kola Superdeep Borehole (Russia)

Dug to a depth of 40,230 ft

(7.6 miles)

Goal

Homework

Warm-up Take out DR 4.1

Tectonic PlatesIdentify the 5 Earth layers and their properties. Think critically about lab analysis/conclusion answers.

Pick article (class website), write a one-paragraph summary

In your science journalLook at p. 100 in your textbook. Describe what the Earth’s tectonic plates are, including which layer of the Earth makes them up.

Drilling Down to the Mantle

Hole Through the EarthWhat would it

be like to jump into this hole?

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6TZVCxCiMHE

Brain POP

http://www.brainpop.com/science/earthsystem/earthsstructure/

Tectonic Plates

Tectonic PlatesTecton “to build” (Greek)

• Pieces of the lithosphere that move around, floating on top of the denser asthenosphere

• Each plate fits together with the plate it butts up against.

• There are 10 or so major plates, but around 50 or more total, including all of the smaller ones.

Oceanic and Continental CrustThe South American plate is a single

plate containing both continental and oceanic crust. It is surrounded by several other oceanic plates.

Ice Cubes in a Punch Bowl1) Both oceanic and continental plates

float on top of the asthenosphere, like ice cubes floating in water, because of their…

2) Just like ice cubes, the plates can move around and often bump into each other.

3) Some of the plate sits below the level of the asthenosphere, just like ice displacing water.

Lower density

The thicker continental crust displaces more of the asthenosphere than does oceanic crust.

Match the correct definition with the correct term from the list below.

12. The outermost, rigid layer of the earth

13. A layer of slowly flowing rock in the mantle

14. The liquid layer of the core

15. The solid layer of the core

16. The strong, lower part of the mantle

17. Use the letters to label the picture!

A. asthenosphere

B. lithosphere

C. mesosphere

D. outer core

E. inner core

BADEC A

BC

D E

DR 4.1: “Inside the Earth”

Five layers based on physical properties:

1)2)3)4) 5)

LithosphereAsthenosphereMesosphereOuter coreInner core

Lithosphere

Asthenosphere

Mesosphere

Rocky crust and rigid outermost mantle

Plastic upper mantle directly beneath the lithosphere

Dense, hard lower layers of the mantle

Physical Structure of the Earth

This layer makes up the tectonic plates!

How do we know about these

layers?

By the motion of

seismic waves

The E-word: Evidence!

Mapping the Earth’s InteriorWhen earthquakes occur, seismic waves (vibrations) are sent out in all directions, through the earth.

These vibrations reach different places at different times because of the ways the waves…BEND and CHANGE SPEEDas they pass through the internal layers.

shadow zone

Earth Layers Diagram

Five Physical Layers of the Earth

(science journal)

Use these measurements:

Part 1: Compasses

Goal

Homework

Warm-up

Earth Layers• To finish the Earth layers diagram• To read a couple science news

storiesDR 4.2 “Restless Continents”

Write down tonight’s homework. Then, discuss with the people at your table:What does this diagram show? Use the word “refraction” in your discussion.

#4

#2#1

#3

Choose One:

After you have drawn your Earth layer diagram

Use p. 96 - 99

1) On your diagram: • Shade and label the name of each

layer

2) On the adjacent page: • List the five layers from outside in.• Give the actual thickness of each in

km.• Define and describe the physical

properties of each these physical layers.

Earth Layers DiagramPart 2: Labeling

Earth Layers DiagramPart 3: Zoom In• Look at p. 98 in your textbook.

• Copy the magnified portion of the diagram. Draw it to the right or above your bigger diagram. Make sure to show how the Mesosphere, Asthenosphere, and bottom portion of the Lithosphere are all part of the mantle.

Use your diagram and textbook to help you answer these questions in your journal. Please write in complete sentences.

1) Which layer of the Earth is completely molten?

2) Which layer is considered “plastic”?

3) Which layer makes up the tectonic plates?

4) Which layers are made of iron and nickel?

5) Which layer makes up most of the Earth’s mass?

6) Which layer slowly flows and sometimes break through to the Earth’s surface?

7) Which layers are part of the mantle?

8) In reference to your diagram, where is the crust found?

Earth Layers DiagramPart 4: Questions