God and Politics

8/13/2019 God and Politics

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NFC JOC ]FIHSHGWJ Gfii`gthfo fd @ssjys joc ]f`ls

Cfl`ohg Ljrkjohjon


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Gfpyrhnat ;=:3 Cflòhg Ljrkjohjon]ukihsa`c ky Cflòhg Ljrkjohjon jt Wgrhkc

Jii rhnats r`s`rv`c. Of pjrt fd tahs kffb safuic k` r`prfcug`c howajt`v`r dfrl wajtsf`v`r whtafut prhfr p`rlhsshfo ho wrhthon

drfl ta` jutafr.

Wgrhkc.gfl/cflòhgljrk

ljrkjohjon.gfl


4/123

GFOS@OSW

C`lfgrjgy Joc @tahgs .................................................................. 4

Garhst, Sruta, joc ]fihthgs .............................................................. 1

Sa` Wwfrc hs Oft ta` Josw`r (Ljtta`w ;450;) ......................... :3

^hocs fd Gajon` ......................................................................... :0

Sa` [ui` fd Ijw Ts Sa` [ui` fd ]`fpi` ....................................... :>

Sa` Bhoncfl ho W`guijr ]fihthgs .................................................. :8

Say Bhoncfl gfl`... .................................................................. ;0

Jojtfly fd [ìhnhfus Thfiòg` ................................................... 77

Wiulcfn Wfuvòhr ....................................................................... 37 Wtrunni` dfr W`pjrjt` Wtjt`s ....................................................... 33

Nfv`rolòt fd ta` ]ffr ............................................................. 34

]`jg` - J ]f`l ........................................................................... 3>

Sa` Jkrjajlhg Gfvòjot (Nò.:;5:-7) ...................................... 0=

[ìhnhfus Sfi`rjog` ho ta` Fic joc ta` O`w S`stjlòts ........... 03

âjt Hochj O``cs666 .................................................................. 04

Sa` ^jr fd Bjihonj joc Lfc`ro [ìhnhfus Gfosghòg` .............. 01

Jgjc`lhgs, ]fihthgs, joc ta` Nfspì ........................................... 47


5/123

Sa` Whxta-Dhdta Gòtury KG ho ta` Sa`fifny fd Ahstfry ............... 40

Chvho` Wfv`r`hnoty - Gfodushfos [`njrchon Dr``cfl joc ]fw`r .................................................................................................... 4>

Wyst`ls fd Fddòg`s joc I`jc`rs fd Gajon` .............................. 41

Sar`` I`vìs fd Jnnr`sshfo jnjhost [ìhnhfo ............................... >4

Gfrrupthfo ho Hochj5 [ffts, Gajiiòn`s, Wfiuthfos ...................... >>

@strjon`lòt joc Kìfon`co`ss ho ta` Pithljt` Wjgrhdhg` fd Nfc .................................................................................................... 1;

Hs ]ahifsfpay C`jc6 Hs Wghòg` Jii Sajt Hs6 ................................. 13

Gr``c fd ta` ;:st Gòtury Garhsthjo ........................................... 14

]ahifsfpahgji [ffts fd Ijw joc ]fihthgs ...................................... 18

Sa` ]sygafifny fd @vhi joc ta` Wphrht fd Thgtfry ......................... 8;

Sa` Grhl` fd Whiòg` (-"hd a` cf`s oft tìi ht, a` k`jrs nuhit."I`vhthgus 05:) ............................................................................... 80

Sa` Gfosthtuthfo ......................................................................... 88

Wijv`ry js Ihlht`c joc Ihk`rjthon ho ta` FS (Cùt.:05:;-:1) ... :=;

Thfiòg` .................................................................................... :=3

]fihthgs joc Ih`s ......................................................................... :=8

NFC JOC ]FIHSHGW HO W@GPIJ[ HOCHJ ..................................... :::


6/123

C@LFG[JGX J OC @SAHGW

Hochj hs j c`lfgrjthg gfuotry2 joc ky tajt w` l`jo ht hs nfv`ro`cky us, hts p`fpi` *c`lfgrjgy, drfl ta` Nr``b c`lfgrjthj5 c`lfs,p`fpi`, joc brjthj, nfv`rolòt fr rui`\. @tahgs r`d`rs tf ta` stucyfd lfrji gfocugt, fd wajt fo` funat tf cf. Fur ojthfo r`gfnohz`s ta` hc`jis fd Eusthg`, ihk`rty, @qujihty, jocDrjt`rohty ho hts gfosthtuthfo. ^hta ta` gflpi`xhty fd rìhnhfuskìh`ds, hts chv`rshth`s, s`guijrhsthg vh`ws, joc ta` hodiuòg` fd ta`l`chj `tahgji c`ghshfos jr` k`gflhon lfr` joc lfr` chddhguit ho

fur sfgh`ty. Sa` dhil prfcug`r c`dòcs ahs stjog` fd fv`rifjchon ahsdhil whta s`x js rhnat, wahi` j rìhnhfus fr `vò j s`guijr ljofppfs`s ht js lfrjiiy c`prjvhon joc c`trhlòtji tf sfgh`ty. Sa`jcv`rths`lòt jnògh`s t`gaohgjiiy prfpjnjt` ih`s cìuchon p`fpi`tf kìh`v` sfl`tahon wahga hs oft tru`. Fur ojthfo ajs dfuoc htsìdho j gifs`t fd `tahgji rìjthvhsl suke`gthvhsl joc gfovòthfojihsl.Tjrhjot rìhnhfos jssul` ta`hr fwo lfrji stjocjrcs. Sa` ^`st`roguitur` hs ajvhon j prfdfuoc hodiuòg` ho fur sfgh`ty, `sp`ghjiiytarfuna ta` l`chj (ST, Gho`lj, Wfon Jikuls, Ofvìs, Efurojis,

`tg.). Ho suga j gfot`xt fd chv`rshty, joc gflpi`xhty, wajt bhoc fd`tahgji stjocjrc safuic w`, js ghthzòs fd c`lfgrjthg Hochj, jcfptdfrl ljbhon `tahgji c`ghshfos6 Dfiifwhon jr` sfl` fpthfos5

:. @tahgji @nfhsl (drfl ta` Nr``b `nf, H). Ht hs j gfos`quòthjihst`tahgji ta`fry (ta` òc eusthdh`s ta` l`jos) wahga jss`rts tajtrhnat hs wajt hs kò`dhghji ho ta` òc tf ta` hochvhcuji (tf l`).Swf fd hts dfrls jr`5 A`cfohsl, jggfrchon tf wahga pi`jsur` hs taùithljt` nffc2 joc Wìd-r`jihzjthfo, jggfrchon tf wahga bofwi`cn`,pfw`r, fr rjthfoji sìd- hot`r`st, joc ta` prflfthfo fd jii fo`sgjpjghth`s hs ta` uithljt` nffc. Hts l`tafc fd eusthdhgjthfo hs sìd-hot`r`st.

Sahs ta`fry, fd gfurs`, pfs`s j oulk`r fd prfki`ls. Sa`r` hs ta`hssu` fd gfodihgthon hot`r`sts, ta` cjon`r fd sìd-kò`dht jt ta``xpòs` fd fta`rs2 joc ho j c`lfgrjthg gfuotry ihb` furs, ht gjooftk` ta` uithljt` stjocjrc fd `tahgji c`ghshfos.


7/123

;. Pthihtjrhjohsl5 Sahs jisf hs j gfos`quòthjihst ta`fry tajt jss`rts

tajt rhnat hs wajt prfcug`s ta` nr`jt`st qujothty fd ajppho`ss frpi`jsur`. Hts twf dfrls jr`5 Jgt Pthihtjrhjohsl, ta` lfrjihty fd jojgthfo hs c`t`rlho`c ky ta` qujothty fd ajppho`ss ht prfcug`s dfrta` lfst p`fpi`2 [ui` Pthihtjrhjohsl, fur jgthfos safuic k`nfv`ro`c ky suga j rui` tajt prfcug`s ta` nr`jt`st ajppho`ss dfrta` lfst p`fpi`. Hts l`tafc fd eusthdhgjthfo hs `lphrhgji `vhcòg`.

Sa` prfki`l fd tahs ta`fry ljhoiy gfoshsts ho ta` prfki`l fdbofwi`cn`. Afw cf H bofw tajt ly jgthfo ajv` prfcug`c ta`nr`jt`st ajppho`ss dfr ta` lfst p`fpi`6 Afw gjo H trust ta`jutaòthghty fd ta` gfos`quòg`s6 âjt jkfut ta` lhofrhty6 Hswajt hs ajppho`ss tf l`, fr ho ly shnat, ajppho`ss tf `v`rykfcyìs`6

7. Jitruhsl5 (drfl ta` Htjihjo jitruh, sfl`fo` ìs`). Sahs hs ta`ta`fry fd sìd-sjgrhdhg`, fd gfog`ro dfr ta` wìdjr` fd fta`rs, joc jssuga hs fppfs`c tf `nfhsl. Ht hs ta` jtthtuc` fd sìdi`sso`ss. Ht hs

cfuktdui hd tahs ta`fry hs jppihgjki` tf ta` ljefrhty5 dfr j p`rsfogjooft k` sìdi`ss uoi`ss tahs pfshthfo joc jtthtuc` prfcug`s ho ahlj nr`jt`r sjthsdjgthfo joc ajppho`ss.

Ofw, wahga fd ta` jkfv` grht`rhj hs jppihgjki` ho j c`lfgrjthgsfgh`ty6 Ht hs ly fphohfo tajt ofo` fd ta`l js j sfihtuc` gjo k`jppih`c. J p`rsfo safuic gfoshc`r `nfhsl (oft tftji `nfhsl) dfrsìd-c`vìfplòt, uthihtjrhjohsl dfr sfgh`tys kò`dht jocajppho`ss, joc jitruhsl tajt a` ljy oft k`gfl` fv`riy sìd-

hot`r`st`c kut whii ajv` gfog`ro dfr ta` wìdjr` fd fta`rs js wìi.Sa` kiòchon fd ta`s` tar`` tfn`ta`r whii prfcug` jo `tahgjistjocjrc jppihgjki` ho j c`lfgrjthg sfgh`ty2 j c`lfgrjthg `tahg,wahga ajs r`sp`gt dfr ta` hc`jis, jsphrjthfos, joc tjiòts fd fta`rs.

Cflòhg Ljrkjohjon, :888.


8/123

GA[HWS, S[PSA , JOC ] FIHSHGW

]hijt` sjhta uotf ahl, âjt hs truta6 (Efao :1571)

Ht hs hot`r`sthon tf oft` tajt ta` foiy hostjog` wa`r` Garhst `v`rl`t ]hijt` ho r`gfuot`c ahstfry wjs jt Ahs trhji. Sa` òsuhonchjifnu` k`tw`ò kfta fd ta`l hs hotrhnuhon. Ht a`jvhiy gfogòtrjt`sfo ta` urnògy fd Sruta ho j wfric lhsljojn`c ky auljos.

Sa` trhji fd Garhst jt E`rusji`l r`lhocs us fd ta` trhji fd Wfgrjt`s jtJtaòs. S`rt uiihjo lhnat ajv` k`ò tff quhgb tf r`tfrt âjthoc``c ajs Jtaòs tf cf whta E`rusji`l6 Sa` uoeust sòtòg` fdWfgrjt`s `xpihghtiy pfhots fut ta` djgt tajt ta` nr`jt`st prfki`lwhta auljohty hs oft tajt ht ajs oft bofwo ta` truta kut tajt, tfta` gfotrjry, ajvhon uoc`rstffc ta` rjlhdhgjthfos fd truta ht ajssuppr`ss`c ht joc gafsò tf put jo òc tf joy vfhg` tajt sp`jbs fokàjid fd ht.

^`ròt ta`r` jt i`jst 1=, fd ta` `jrih`r ;;= waf vft`c Wfgrjt`s jshoofgòt, waf jisf ijt`r vft`c dfr ahs c`jta pòjity6 Sruta ajc i`ssshnohdhgjog` ho ta` c`lfgrjthg Jtaòs, wafs` ijws Wfgrjt`s ahlsìdahnaiy r`sp`gt`c. Ho E`rusji`l js wìi, tafuna Garhsts sòtòg`wjs oft c`ghc`c tarfuna j Eury kjs`c fo vft`s, y`t ht wjs ta` vfhg`fd ta` lfk tajt pr`vjhi`c jnjhost ta` truta. Sa` fkvhfus truta wjstajt ]hijt` ajc dfuoc oftahon wfrta gfoc`lohon ho E`sus. X`t,afw`v`r, a` tjib`c fd ta` ]jssfv`r gustfl fd rì`jshon j prhsfo`rjoc ajc Garhst wahpp`c c`spht` ta` `vhcòg` tajt Garhst wjs oft jgrhlhoji.

Sa` gfotrjst k`tw`ò Wfgrjt`s joc E`sus hs ahna jt ta` pfhot wa`rÈ`sus k`nhos tf sp`jb fd j bhoncfl k`yfoc tahs wfric joc fd Ahsgflhon tf k`jr whto`ss tf ta` truta. âhi` dfr Wfgrjt`s, truta ajctf k` chsgfv`r`c tarfuna rjthfoji jojiyshs, Garhst gijhl`c tf bofwta` truta joc k` j whto`ss tf ta` truta. âhi` Wfgrjt`s chcot dhoc


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joy l`johon ho j wfric k`yfoc Jtaòs, Garhst tjib`c fd j bhoncfltajt trjosgòcs jii spjthji-t`lpfrji `xhstòg`.

]hijt`s qu`sthfo tf E`sus js tf wajt wjs truta hoshoujt`s s`v`rjil`johons. A` lhn at ajv` l`jot Cf`s truta l`jo joytahon jt jii6fr âjt hs truta ho tahs shtujthfo6 fr Hs truta jksfiut` frrìjthv`6 fr Cf pfihthgs joc truta nf tfn`ta`r6 fr @vò hd ta`r`hs sfl`tahon gjii`c Sruta, hs ta`r` joy shnohdhgjog` tf ht6 fr âjttruta jr` yfu tjibhon jkfut6 âjt`v`r ta` hlpfrt fd ta` qu`sthfowjs, ta` djgt r`ljhos tajt ]hijt` dfuoc oftahon jpp`jihon ho joyuoc`rstjochon fd truta ho j wfric tajt rìjthvhz`c `v`rytahon tf suhthts sìdhsa purpfs`s.

]hijt` ajc jir`jcy k`gfl` hodjlfus dfr ahs ajrc wjys fd c`jihonwhta lfks. Efs`paus tìis us fd ]hijt`s jv`rshfo fd E`whsa rìhnhfushot`rd`ròg` ho ahs pfihthgji lfv`s. Dfr hostjog`, waò a` krfunat[fljo kjoo`rs whta Gj`sjrs hljn` fo ta`l, ta` E`ws prft`st`c.A` trh`c tf put ta`l cfwo ky c`pifyhon ahs trffps foiy tf dhoc futtajt ta`s` p`fpi` w`r` gfllhtt`c tf ta`hr rìhnhfo lfr` tajo ta`y

w`r` gfllhtt`c tf Gj`sjr. Ho jofta`r hostjog`, a` sòt ahs sfich`rscr`ss`c ho tuohgs tf hodhitrjt` ta` grfwc joc k`jt ta` fddòc`rswhta giuks. Sa`y ajc prft`st`c jnjhost ahs s`guijr `lpifylòt fdt`lpi` tr`jsur`. Joc sf, ofw, waò ta` E`ws gfl` tf ahl whtaE`sus, a` strjhnat jwjy chslhss`s ta`l whta ta` wfrcs Sjb` yàhl, joc eucn` ahl jggfrchon tf yfur ijw. âò ta`y hoshst tajta` wjs j pfihthgji lji`djgtfr, a` tjb`s ahl jshc` joc jsbs ahl sfl`qu`sthfos foiy tf dhoc fut tajt ta` E`ws waf fog` prft`st`cjnjhost ta` hljn`s fd Gj`sjr w`r` ofw ushon ta` ojl` fd Gj`sjr tf

n`t rhc fd E`sus. Ijt`r, ]hijt` dhocs ahlsìd jggus`c fd òlhty jnjhostGj`sjr fo nrfuocs tajt a` whsa`c ta` rì`js` fd E`sus.Poc`rstjochon ta` kr`jcta fd `xp`rhòg` ]hijt` ajc ho pfihthgs, ht hsoft jljzhon tajt ahs djlfus qu`sthfo âjt hs truta6 gfl`s hor`spfos` tf E`sus stjt`lòt tajt A` wjs j Bhon joc ajc gfl` hotfta` wfric tf k`jr whto`ss tf ta` truta. Afw gfuic fo` k` j Bhonjoc jisf k`jr whto`ss tf ta` truta jt ta` sjl` thl`. ^js ta`[fljo @lphr` r`jcy dfr suga o`ws6


10/123

W`v`rji gòturh`s ijt`r, jo Htjihjo pfihthgji pahifsfpa`r ky ta` ojl`

fd Ljgahjvìih wjs tf wrht` tajt j rui`r hs oft kfuoc ky trjchthfoji`tahgji ofrls joc hs dr`` tf us` wajt`v`r l`jos jvjhijki` dfr ahspfihthgji purpfs`s. Ahs prhoghpi`s fd pfw`r pfihthgs gjl` tf k`bofwo js Ljgahjvìihjohsl. Ljgahjvìih prfpfs`c tajt ht wjsk`tt`r tajt j rui`r k` kfta ifv`c joc d`jr`c2 kut, shog` jgflkhojthfo fd kfta wjs tff chddhguit, ht wjs c`shrjki` tajt j rui`rk` d`jr`c tafuna oft ifv`c. Ahs dfrluijthfo fd suga prhoghpi`s wjsjii`n`ciy crjwo drfl stuch`s ho [fljo pfihthgji ahstfry joc ta`pfihthgs fd ahs jn`. Poqu`sthfojkiy, tyrjooy joc c`spfthsl jr`p`rd`gt pfsshkhihth`s ho j pfihthgji syst`l tajt cf`sot r`gfnohz` ta`sfv`r`hnoty fd Nfc. Jssur`ciy, `v`ry O`kugajco`zzjr sthii o``cs jCjohì.

âò qu`sthfo`c jkfut Ahs Bhonsahp, E`sus prflptiy r`pih`c5 Lybhoncfl hs oft fd tahs wfric5 hd ly bhoncfl w`r` fd tahs wfric,taò wfuic ly s`rvjots dhnat, tajt H safuic oft k` cìhv`r`c tf taÈ`ws5 kut ofw hs ly bhoncfl oft drfl aòg`. Sahs gi`jriy

r`gfnohz`c tajt dfrg` wjs hochspòsjki` tf bhoncfl. ]uzzihon,afw`v`r, hs ta` wjy E`sus us`s ta` gfog`pt fd bhoncfl. A`chsthonuhsa`s k`tw`ò twf bhocs fd bhoncfl5 fo`, fd tahs wfric2jofta`r, oft fd tahs wfric. A` gijhl`c tf k` ta` Bhon fd ta` ijtt`rwhta jo jcchthfoji gfllòt tajt Ahs s`rvjots chcot aìp Ahl ofwk`gjus` Ahs bhoncfl wjs oft drfl a`r`. Sa` wfrc us`c dfr wfrica`r` hs bfslfs (wfric, frc`r), oft jhfo (jn`, gfurs`). Ht còft`s tahsv`ry payshgji wfric frc`r tajt w` ihv` ho. Hlpfrtjot hs jisf ta`parjs` oft drfl a`r`, wahga hs tf l`jo tajt Garhsts bhoncfl chcot

ajv` hts frhnho fr kjshs ho tahs wfric. Ht hs drfl jkfv` `vò js Garhsths drfl jkfv` (ta` s`gfoc ljo). Joc ta` Bhon fd tahs fta`r-wfriciybhoncfl hs j whto`ss fd truta. Ahs pjsshfo dfr truta i`c Ahl tf gfl`tf tahs wfric gfodus`c ky rjnhon djisàffc joc c`g`pthfo. A` sjhctajt `v`ryfo` tajt kìfon`c tf ta` truta a`jrc Ahs vfhg`. A` wjsta` Bhon fd ta` Bhoncfl fd Sruta. J d`w gajpt`rs `jrih`r, A`gijhl`c tf k` ta` p`rsfohdhgjthfo fd Sruta htsìd sf tajt joyfo` wafkìh`v`s ho Ahl joc dfiifws Ahl hs cìhv`r`c drfl ta` djisàffc fd


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tahs-wfriciy nifry (wahga truiy hs cjrbo`ss) joc trjosd`rr`c tf Ahsbhoncfl fd ihnat. Bofwhon Ahl hs djr lfr` urnòt tajo bofwhon

s`v`rji chv`rs` trutas. A` hs ta` Sruta tajt gfoo`gts tfn`ta`r jiitrutas fd pjst, pr`sòt, joc dutur` joc dhiis ta`l whta trjosgòcòtjoc `t`roji l`johon. ]hijt` gfuic oft a`jr Garhsts vfhg`. Cjz`c kyGarhsts stjt`lòts, a` r`tfrt`c âjt hs truta6 joc i`dt whtafutwjhthon dfr jo josw`r.Hll`chjtìy, a` nf`s fut joc c`gijr`s tf ta` E`ws5 H dhoc ho ahl ofdjuit. Sajt wjs ta` truta. Afw`v`r, a` jcc`c5 Kut y` ajv` jgustfl tajt H safuic rì`js` uotf yfu fo` jt ta` pjssfv`r5 whii y`ta`r`dfr` tajt H rì`js` uotf yfu ta` Bhon fd ta` E`ws6 Sajt wjsta` djisàffc. ây tjib fd rì`jshon Garhst js j grhlhoji waò ofdjuit hochgthon Ahl ajc k`ò dfuoc ho Ahl6 Sa` `tahgji rìjthvhsl fdtahs-wfriciy pfihthgs tahgbòs sthii durta`r waò ta` grfwc c`ljocsta` rì`js` fd j oftfrhfus rfkk`r (ta`y gfuic òcur` payshgjirfkk`ry js ifon js ta`hr sphrhtuji stjtus wjs i`dt uotfuga`c jocta`hr rìhnhfshty jpprfv`c fd). ]hijt` sgfurn`s E`sus joc i`ts ahssfich`rs aulhihjt` Ahl tahobhon, p`rajps, tajt tahs wfuic sfdtò ta`vhfiòt t`lp`r fd ta` grfwc. A` sthii trh`s tf sthgb gifs`r tf eusthg`

joc truta tafuna ta` gurròt hs t`jrhon ahl jwjy drfl ht.

E`sus ajc tfic ahl `jrih`r tajt Ahs bhoncfl wjs oft fd tahs wfric.]hijt` sthii s``ls tf k` fut fd tfuga whta ta` hlpfrt fd Ahs wfrc. A`jsbs Ahl5 â`r` jr` yfu drfl6 E`sus njv` of r`piy. ]hijt` sjys5Cf yfu oft sp`jb tf l`6 Cf yfu o ft bofw tajt H ajv` jutafrhty tfgrughdy yfu, joc H ajv` jutafrhty tf rì`js` yfu6 Sf wahga E`susr`pih`s5 Xfu gfuic ajv` of jutafrhty jnjhost L` uoi`ss ht w`r`nhvò tf yfu drfl jkfv`. Sa`r`dfr` a` waf cìhv`r`c L` tf yfu

ajs ta` nr`jt`r sho. Sa` rìjt hon fd pfihthgji jutafrhty tf jtrjosgòcòt [ui`rsahp jkfv` hs shnohdhgjot. A`nì ho ahs [`jsfo hoAhstfry wrht`s r`njrchon ta` rfi` fd ta` Chvho` ho pfihthgs5

[ìhnhfo hs ta` spa`r` wa`r` j p`fpi` nhv`s htsìd ta` c`dhohthfo fdwajt ht r`njrcs js ta` Sru`. Wuga j c`dhohthfo gfotjhos `v`rytahonwahga kìfons tf ta` `ssòg` fd ta` fke`gt, r`cughon hts ojtur` tf jshlpi` duocjlòtji gajrjgt`rhsthg js dfgus dfr jii fta`r


12/123

gajrjgt`rhsthgs ta` uohv`rsji sfui fd jii pjrthguijrs. Sa` hc`j fdNfc taus hs ta` nò`rji duocjlòt fd j p`fpi`.

...s`guijr `xhstòg` hs t`lpfrji joc lfv`s whtaho prhvjt` hot`r`st.Aòg` ht hs rìjthv` joc uoeusthdh`c. Hts eusthdhgjthfo gjo foiy k`c`rhv`c drfl ta` jksfiut` eusthdhgjthfo fd hts uohv`rsji sfui, htsprhoghpi`. Joc tahs hs eusthdh`c foiy js c`t`rlhojthfo joc `xhstòg`fd ta` `ssòg` fd Nfc. Dfr tahs r`jsfo ta` Wtjt` hs kjs`c forìhnhfo.

Fd gfurs`, A`nì wrht`s fd Nfc, [ìhnhfo, joc Sruta whtaho ta`drjl`wfrb fd ahs ]aòflòfifny fd ta` Wphrht. Kut ahs hoshnat hotfta` o`g`sshty fd truta joc Nfc js ta` uohdyhon duocjlòt fd jp`fpi` hs nr`jt. Khkihgjiiy sp`jbhon, Nfc hs ta` gr`jtfr fd ljo, jochs ta` nhv`r fd oft foiy pfihthgji jutafrhty kut jisf vhshfo jocchr`gthfo tf j ojthfo. J ojthfo wahga ifs`s shnat fd Nfc, whii sffoifs` shnat fd prjgthgji vjiu` ho truta joc afo`sty. ]rhvjt` hot`r`stjoc ònrfsslòt whta ta` pr`sòt wfuic r`hno ahna joc k`gfl`ta` nrfuoc dfr ta` rì`js` fd c`spfthsl joc tyrjooy. E`sus, kyr`lhochon ]hijt` tajt ahs jutafrhty wjs drfl jkfv`, wjs tìihon ahl

tajt a` wjs oft jutfoflfus ho ahs dhìc fd pfihthgs. A` wjsjggfuotjki` tf Nfc. Afw`v`r, ht hs ta` fo` waf ajocfv`rs E`sus tf]hijt` tajt ajs ta` nr`jt`r sho. ]hijt` ajs jo fppfrtuohty tf k` eust.A` trh`s tf rì`js` E`sus kut hs kjgbdhr`c ky ta` grfwc whta ta`wfrcs5 Hd yfu i`t tahs ljo nf, yfu jr` oft Gj`sjr's drhòc. âf`v`rljb`s ahlsìd j bhon sp`jbs jnjhost Gj`sjr. Sar`jtò`c ky sugajggusjthfo, ]hijt` nhv`s ho tf ta` c`ljoc fd ta` grfwc jocajocfv`rs E`sus tf k` grughdh`c, jt ta` sjl` thl` r`d`rrhon tf E`susjs ta` Bhon fd ta` E`ws, tf ta` gajnrho fd ta` prh`sts waf,

ta`lsìv`s ajvhon suggulk`c tf ta` rìjthv` shtujthfo, hrfohgjiiy`xgijhl tajt ta`y ajv` of bhon kut Gj`sjr. ]hijt`, afw`v`r, cf`sotstfp a`r`. A` hosgrhk`s fo ta` thti` fo E`sus grfss ta` wfrcs E@WPWFD OJUJ[@SA, SA@ BHON FD SA@ E@^W joc r`dus`s tf gajon` htc`spht` ta` gah`d prh`sts prft`st. Wflàfw, ]hijt` s``ls tf k`jtt`lpthon tf sthgb gifs` tf ta` truta c`spht` ahs fkvhfus chstjog`drfl ht. A` ajc jir`jcy djiiò pr`y tf ta` pukihg jpp`js`lòt fds`guijr pfihthgs. Sruta ajc djiiò ho ta` `jrtaiy ghty.


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Kut Garhst, ta` Sruta fd Nfc, chc oft ch` dfr`v`r. A` rfs` jnjho fo

ta` tahrc cjy. Ky Ahs payshgji c`jta fo ta` grfss, A` put jo òc tfta` djisàffc fd tahs wfric frc`r joc rfs` jnjho js ta` Dhrstdruhts fdj o`w wfric frc`r dfuoc`c fo ta` v`ry duidhiilòt fd truta (Ahs ihd`joc t`jgahon), rhnat`fuso`ss (Ahs fk`chòg`), joc eusthg` (Ahssjgrhdhg`). Hd A` chcot jrhs` auljohty wfuic ajv` k`ò i`dt whtafutjoy afp` fd eusthg` joc j ihd` `t`roji tajt trjosgòc`c tahs wfric.Kut A` rfs` jnjho. Joc fo` cjy, A` whii gfl` kjgb tf eucn` ta`wfric jggfrchon tf Sruta ([fljos ;5;). A` whii r`turo ho ta` nifryfd Ahs bhoncfl (Lt. :45;12 ; Shl. 35:) tf hojunurjt` j o`w a`jvòjoc j o`w `jrta, ta` afl` fd rhnat`fuso`ss (; ]t. 75:7).

Cflòhg Ljrkjohjon, ;==0


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SA@WF[C HW OFS SA@J OW^@[ (L JSSA@^ ;450;)

Saò sjhc E`sus uotf ahl,]ut up jnjho tay swfrc hotf ahs pijg`5dfr jii ta`y tajt tjb` ta` swfrcsajii p`rhsa whta ta` swfrc. Ljtt. ;45 0;

:.Sa` Wwfrc hs oft Sa` Josw`r. Ht hs foiy j S`lpfrji Josw`r. Ht ajsof @t`roji @dd`gt. C`strugthfo fd ta` whgb`c hs oft ta` josw`r tf

ta` prfki`l fd `vhi. Wuga prfg`cur` r`quhr`s j gygihgji r`p`ththfo(Jisf `.n. jvjtjrs). Sa` josw`r hs sthii `jrta-kfuoc joc ajs of`t`roji gfslfifnhgji kò`dht. Hd swfrc w`r` ta` josw`r, Garhst ajci`nhfos tf jsshst Ahl tfwjrcs tajt òc. Garhst gjl` tf c`ji jp`rljoòt joc dhoji kifw tf ta` prfki`l fd sho. :Eo 751.

;.Sa` Wwfrc hs jo Hogflpi`t` Josw`r. Sa` swfrc s`rv`s ta`pfihthgji joc euchghji purpfs` ho tahs ihd` kut cf`s oft c`ji whta ta`sphrhtuji chlòshfo fd `vhi ho ta` wfric. Js suga ht hs uoduidhii`c joc

hogflpi`t`. Thfiòg` hs hochspòsjki` ho eucnlòt. Afw`v`r,vhfiòg` cf`sot s`rv` ta` `t`roji chvho` nfji dfr lj o tf k` hoifvhon dìifwsahp whta Nfc. Sa` rui` fd swfrc wjs oft Nfcs jgtujic`shno. Ht wjs foiy jggfllfcjthv`. Sa` r`ji joc gflpi`t` josw`rtf ta` auljo pr`chgjlòt wjs prfvhc`c waò ta` Wfo fd Nfcst`pp`c cfwo tf ta` `jrta joc kfr` jii ta` vhfiòg` fd chvho` wrjtafo Ahl tf suggfr auljohty drfl aìi joc r`gfoghi` ljo tf Nfc.

7.Of Ljo hs ^frta tf ^hìc ta` Wwfrc. Sa` swfrc fd Nfcs wrjtaajons fv`r ta` a`jc fd `v`ry ljo. Ljo hs cffl`c tf p`rhsa. Ahswhìchon fd swfrc ho suga djt`c gfot`xt hs jksurc.

3.Sa` Wwfrc hs Wylkfihg fd Auljo Nfv`rolòt fdtò s`v`r`c drflchvho` whii. Ht hs ta` auljo joc foiy pfsshki` wjy ho j wfric fd `vhi.Lhnat ajs fdtò k`ò rhnat joc ta` rui` fd ta` strfon hs ta` rui`.Joc js ta` lhnath`r jiwjys sup`rg`c`s ta` lhnaty, ta`y tajt tjb`ta` swfrc sajii p`rhsa ky ta` swfrc.


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^ HOCW FDGAJON@

Cjys ajv` gajon`c sjhc jo ìc`r. Grjdty gajon` tjb`s j st`jitay strhc`.Joc `vò k`dfr` ta` `y`s gfuic wfoc`rWup`rsfohg gajon` cf`s st`ji ta` rhc`.O`hta`r jiifwhon tf pr`chgt ofr pfoc`r,Jofta`r gajon` sffo wahzz`s ky.Hts Dutur` Wafgb, sjhc Jivho Sfddi`r. 'Ho`vhtjki` prfg`ss, sjhc Ajrv`y Gfx. Hts ijst cjys, sjhc ]jui ta` jpfsti` --Fo whocs fd gajon` ta` wfric ofw rfgbs.^`r` ihvhon lhcst ihnats joc tauoc`r, Gjl`rj trutas joc iusty ih`s.

Sa` tfw`r fd Kjkì iffls sukihlìy ahna`r,Ofw kuhit fd o`hta`r krhgb ofr gijy.Diffrs fd djotjsy kuhit fo` upfo ta` fta`rC`dy ta` a`jvòs ho tftji jrrjy.

Kut Kjkì gfl`s tulkihon cfwo jsuoc`rJoc lò c`pjrt js diurryhon dih`s.

Ih` hs j luith-a`jc`c lfost`r,Posjthjt`c, `v`r-s``bhon sfl` o`wDjogh`s tf pijgjt` hts hod`roji auon`r,Wphoohon gajon`s joc gafhg`s oft d`w.Js hosjthjki` c`shr` dijr`s up strfon`r,Sa` aurrh`c a`jt hs hts c`jta-shna.

Sahs wfric fd wjrs, whsa`s, joc wf`sOfw dhocs ho ht a`r lfst d`jrsfl` df`s,Ijwi`ss whocs fd gajon` fo dhr`Kuro tahs wfric whta vòflfus c`shr`.Kut rfuna whocs gfrrfc` lhocs jpt pfw`r Sf tìi ta` chdd`ròg` k`tw`ò truta joc ih`.

Sruiy, j vhshfo dfr gajon` t'wjrcs ta` nffc hs ofki`.Fo` lust i`jv` ta` wrfon dfr rhnat2


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Dfr djojthgji djisàffc kr``cs gfotjnhfus trfuki`,Joc djisàffc gjo't whta djisàffc dhnat.

Djojthghsl hs j kihoc surròc`rSf uoga`gb`c vh`ws tajt lhnat fo` cjy ch`.

Kut, trutas uodrhnatò`c ky kuii`t fr hob2 O`hta`r cf`s ht rft ofr sthob2Kut wahi` lòs djogh`s `xpjoc joc sarhob, Srutas `y` whii o`v`r whob. Sa` whs` tjb` gfurjn` tf stfp joc tahobAfw gajon` gajon`s ky ta` krhobFd `t`rohty, jofta`r wfric tf ihobSajtii krhon tf ta` eust ihvhon wjt`rs tf crhob. Hgfos, Hcfis, Hljn`s ofw djii joc grulki`K`dfr` Nfcs fwo Wfo joc fur Sru` Ihd`

Cflòhg Ljrkjohjon, ;==1


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SA@[ PI@ FD I J^ TWSA@[ PI@ FD ] @F]I@ Kjshgjiiy, ta`r` jr` twf bhocs fd nfv`rolòt fr rui`s5 ta` rui` fdp`fpi` joc ta` rui` fd ijw

Sa` rui` fd p`fpi` hs ljohd`st ho c`lfgrjgy (lfkfgrjgy) wa`r`ljefrhty rui` fr ho chgtjtfrsahp wa`r` ta` wahl fd j shoni` ljophifts ta` stjt`. Fkvhfusiy, ta` rui` fd ijw hs pr`d`rr`c jkfv` ta`rui` fd ta` lfk. Afw`v`r, ta` jpprfprhjtò`ss fd ta` ijws hs johlpfrtjot qu`sthfo tf tjgbi`.

Js djr js k`st nfv`rojog` hs gfog`ro`c, ta` k`st nfv`rolòt hsgfoshc`r`c tf k` tajt wahga ajs ta` i`jst gfotrfi. Ho fta`r wfrcs, hdyfu ajv` tf lfohtfr `v`ry jgt fd yfur suke`gts yfu jr` oft j nffcjclhohstrjtfr. Dfr ta` nfji fd jclhohstrjthfo ho j a`jitay s`tthon hsdr``cfl, eusthg`, drjt`rohty, joc `qujihty.

Sahs jisf l`jos tajt ta` ijws fd ta` stjt` cf oft sp`ghdhgjiiy

hot`rd`r` whta `v`ry lhout` c`tjhi fd ta` suke`gts ihd` sf js tf b``pahl ho gfostjot t`rrfr, hos`gurhty, joc uog`rtjhoty.

Js djr js ta` ojtur` fd ta` ijws hs gfog`ro`c, ta`r` jr` twffphohfos5 fo` nrfup jrnu`s tajt ta` k`st ijws jr` tafs` tajt ajv`ta` k`st gfos`quòg`s joc ta`s` w` gjii ta` gfos`quòthjihsts2 ta`fta`r nrfup gfotòcs tajt ijws r`di`gt ta` duocjlòtji r`gfnohthfofd ta` `ssòthjiiy nffc fr `vhi, joc ta`s` w` gjii ta` jksfiuthsts.

Fkvhfusiy, ta` ijws nfv`rohon joy kfcy, k` ht j nr`jt ojthfo fr jsljii frnjohzjthfo, gjooft k` gfos`quòthjihst2 dfr taò, ijw wfuick`gfl` jrkhtrjry. Sa`r`dfr`, j rjthfoji r`gfnohthfo fd ijwsk`gfl`s hlpfrtjot. Saus, ta` rfi` fd j i`nhsijtfr hs prflhoòt hojclhohstrjthv` s`tthons. Sa` i`nhsijtfr hs ho r`jihty ta` nfv`rofr fri`jc`r fd ta` stjt` fr frnjohzjthfo.

Gijsshgjiiy, ta`r` jr` tar`` chvhshfos ljc` fd auljo sfgh`ty5 (:)Safs` nfv`ro`c ky r`jsfo ta`y safuic k` i`jc`rs (;) tafs`


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nfv`ro`c ky pjsshfo juxhihjry joc wjrrhfrs (7) tafs` nfv`ro`c kyc`shr` wfrb`rs joc trjc`rs.

Sa` qujihth`s fd ta` i`jc`rs ta`y jr` ta` lhoc fd ta` sfgh`ty, taìjwljb`rs, lò ho uithljt` jutafrhty, ta` rui`rs. Sa`y bofw ta`jksfiut`s fo kjshs fd wahga rìjthv`s jr` jrkhtrjt`c. Sa`y jr` tafs`wafs` pjsshfo joc c`shr` hs nfv`ro`c ky prhoghpi`s joc ijws.(Efsa.:.12 ]r.7:.32 Sht.;.42 :]t. :.:72 sfk`r k` ho rhnat lhocwjtgadui). Cf oft ifs` yfursìd ho ta` ljrb`t fd gfllfo e`sthonjoc pi`jsur`.

Sa` qujihth`s fd ta` juxhihjry pjsshfojt` joc z`jifus2 c`dy c`jtajoc cjon`r2 pfshthv` lhoc`c, vhgtfry frhòt`c, c`pòc fo ta`hot`rpr`t`rs fd ijw, ta` i`nhsijtfrs.

Sa` qujihth`s fd wfrb`rs, trjc`rs c`shr` joc lffc hspr`cflhojot, diugtujthon c`ghshfos, lfo`y ljb`rs, duoc-rjhs`rs2shog` lffc gajon`s, jr` `jshiy i`c jwjy ky ghrgulstjog`s, frjtfrs,`tg.

Cflòhg Ljrkjohjon, ;==>


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SA@BHONCFL HOW@GPIJ[ ] FIHSHGW Sa` wfrc s`guijrhsl gfl`s drfl ta` Ijtho sj`guiul, l `johon jnò`rjthfo fr tahs jn`, joc gfrr`spfocs tf ta` Nr``b j`fo. Htsl`johon `xtòcs fo tf gfooft` jisf tahs wfrciy2 taus, hts Ifw`rIjtho dfrl sj`guijrhs l`jos wfriciy. Kjshgjiiy, s`guijrhsl hs ta`hc`fifny tajt djghihtjt`s prjgthg` whtafut r`d`ròg` tf rìhnhfo fdjoy bhoc. âò jppih`c tf pfihthgs, ht hs ta` stjt` pfihgy fd k`honhochdd`ròt tf pfihthgji ta`fifnh`s, ta` pfihgy fd b``phon pfihthgs dr``drfl rìhnhfus hot`rd`ròg`s.

Ho ahs kffb, Sa` W`guijr Ghty, Ajrv`y Gfx chdd`ròthjt`ss`guijrhzjthfo drfl s`guijrhsl. Jggfrchon tf Gfx, s`guijrhzjthfohlpih`s j ahstfrhgji prfg`ss, jilfst g`rtjhoiy hrr`v`rshki`, ho wahgasfgh`ty joc guitur` jr` cìhv`r`c drfl tutìjn` tf rìhnhfus gfotrfijoc gifs`c l`tjpayshgji wfric vh`ws. Zufthon ta` N`rljota`fifnhjo Drh`crhga Nfnjrtò, Gfx joofuog`s s`guijrhzjthfo js taì`nhthljt` gfos`quòg` fd ta` hlpjgt fd khkihgji djhta fo ahstfry. Ht

hs oft uotru` tajt khkihgji djhta ajs ajc j pfw`rdui hlpjgt ho ta`r`dfrljthfo fd guitur`s wfric-whc` joc ta` sajphon fd lfc`roahstfry. Jggfrchon tf Gfx, ta` khkihgji cfgtrho` fd Gr`jthfo hs ta`nrfuoc fd dr``cfl drfl johlhsl, tft`lhsl, pjota`hsl, jocljnhg. Sahs ajs i`c tf ta` c`vìfplòt fd ojturji sghòg`. Sfcjy,sjgrhdhg`s tf whoc, rjho, joc suo jr` ijuna`c tf sgfro js sghòg` jocrìhnhfo jr` s`pjrjt`c drfl `jga fta`r. Durta`r, ta` @xfcusojrrjthv` hs s`ò js ta` c`sjgrjihzjthfo fd pfihthgs. Ht shnohdh`shosurr`gthfo jnjhost j cuiy gfosthtut`c lfojrga waf gijhl`c chvho`

rhnats tf nfv`rojog`. Sahs oft foiy dr``s pfihthgs drfl prh`st-grjdtkut ajs jisf k`gfl` ta` kjshs dfr lfc`ro pfihthgji ihk`rjthfolfv`lòts joc r`vfiuthfos. Gfx durta`r gfotòcs tajt whta ta`Whojh Gfvòjot joc hts prfahkhthfo fd hcfis, vjiu`s jr`c`gfos`grjt`c. Sa` c`vjiujthfo fd hcfis hs ta` pr`gursfr tf ta`c`vjiujthfo fd jksfiut`s. ^hta ta` r`vìjthfo fd hcfis js l`r`prfe`gthfos fd auljo lhoc, ta`hr jksfiut` vjiu` hs krfbò cfwo.Saus ahstfrhgji rìjthvhsl hs gfoshc`r`c tf k` ta` òc prfcugt fds`guijrhzjthfo. Gfos`quòtiy, trjchthfoji vjiu`s jr` of ifon`r


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r`njrc`c js jksfiut`. Sahs `ljoghpjtfry hlpjgt fd khkihgji djhta,jggfrchon tf Gfx, hs hrr`v`rshki` joc lust oft k` d`jr`c shog` ht

`ljoghpjt`s ljo dfr j prfp`r rìjthfosahp whta ojtur`, stjt`, jocsfgh`ty. Ht hs, afw`v`r, ta` hc`fifny fd s`guijrhsl tajt o``cs tf k`ga`gb`c dfr s`guijrhsl, ho gfotrjst tf ta` prfg`ss fd s`guijrhzjthfo,hs jo hc`fifny tajt hs jta`hsthg2 taus ihlhthon ta` hochvhcujis lhoc tfta` ojturji jifo`.

Kut waò vh`w`c ho ta` pfihthgji gfot`xt fd rìhnhfus piurjihsl,pfihthgji s`guijrhsl gjo k` jo jsphr`c pfihgy fd ta` stjt`. @vhcòtiy,rìhnhfus pfihthgs fd joy bhoc gjo k` c`strugthv` tf rìhnhfusdr``cfl. Sa` ahstfry fd Garhsthjohty hs prffd òfuna fd ta`jtrfghth`s gfllhtt`c ky Garhsthjo rui`rs jnjhost Garhsthjos wafw`r` gfoshc`r`c tf k` a`r`thgs k`gjus` fd ta`hr ihk`rji frr`dfrljthv` vh`ws. [ìhnhfus dr``cfl gjo foiy k` r`jihz`c ho j truiys`guijr stjt`. Kut, js Gfx oft`s, j s`guijr stjt` htsìd gjo k`gfl`nuhity fd hlpfshon s`guijrhsl js jo hc`fifny fo hts ghthzòs2 dfrhostjog`, waò ht c`gijr`s prjgthg` fd rìhnhfo js joth-sghòthdhg frgrhlhoji. Sahs bhoc fd jpprfjga ajs k`ò fks`rv`c ho ajrc s`guijr

jta`hst stjt`s w`r` gflluohsl ajs aìc pfw`r. Sftji hochdd`ròg`tfwjrcs rìhnhfo, afw`v`r, hs hlpfsshki` shog` ljo hs oft eust jpfihthgji johlji2 a` hs jisf j rìhnhfus k`hon. X`t, ht hs whtahopfihthgjiiy sjogthfo`c dr``cfl fd rìhnhfus prjgthg` tajt rìhnhfohtsìd gjo dhoc tru` r`jihzjthfo.

Sa`r` jr` jt i`jst twf tahons tf oft` jkfut ta` c`vìfplòt fds`guijr pfihthgs ho rìjthfo tf ta` Bhoncfl fd Garhst5:. ]fihthgji Hrrìhnhfshty

;. [ìhnhfus Hochvhcujihsl

]fihthgji HrrìhnhfshtyLfc`ro s`guijrhsl ajs c`tarfo`c ta` nfcs drfl ta` r`jil fdpfihthgs. Sa` c`tarfo`lòt fd ta` chvho` drfl ta` auljoa`lhspa`r` wjs j nrjcuji prfg`ss jpp`jrhon dhrst ho Gijsshgji Nr``bpahifsfpay. Saji`s (0ta Gòtury K.G.) hs gfoshc`r`c tf k` ta` dhrstwaf sahdt`c ta` kjshs fd tafunat drfl j lytafifnhgji kjs` tf fo`


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fd sghòthdhg hoquhry. Sa` dhrst pahifsfpa`rs, bofwo js sfpafs,gajiiòn`c ta` lytafifnhgji joc sup`rsththfus jssulpthfos fd

trjchthfojihsl, taus uosajgbihon pahifsfpay drfl ta` gfotrfi fdrìhnhfo. Sa` hlpjgt fd ta` rjthfoji joc s`guijr sphrht fd Gijsshgjipahifsfpay, afw`v`r, gfuic k` s`ò ho ta` c`vìfplòt fd ghty-stjt`s tajt c`-`lpajshz`c ta` rfi` fd nfcs ho pfihthgs joc s`pjrjt`cnfv`rolòt drfl rìhnhfo, ljnhg, joc sup`rsththfo. ^hta ta` djii fdNr``g`, afw`v`r, tahs s`guijr hodiuòg` fv`r pfihthgs chsjpp`jr`c.[fljo pfihthgs wjs ahnaiy gfifur`c ky rìhnhfus sòthlòts jockìh`ds.

W`guijrhsl r`surdjg`c curhon ta` [òjhssjog` (J.C. :708-:4==) jsauljohsl joc hochvhcujihsl njta`r`c lflòtul. Afw`v`r, ht wjscurhon ta` ]rft`stjot [`dfrljthfo tajt ta` ta`fry fd ta`s`pjrjthfo fd gaurga joc stjt` tffb rfft. [ìhnhfus p`rs`guthfouoc`r ]jpji pfihthgji hodiuòg` i`c [`dfrljthfo tahob`rs tfcòfuog` ta` jutafrhty fd ta` Gaurga fv`r pfihthgji ljtt`rs. Ho:0;7, Ljrtho Iuta`r pukihsa`c ahs Fo S`lpfrji Jutafrhty, howahga a` jrnu`c dfr ta` chvhshfo fd ta` gaurga joc ta` stjt`. Iuta`r

sp`ghdh`c twf chsthogt r`jils fr pfw`rs5 wìtihga`s [`nhlòt(N`rljo wfrc dfr ta` bhoncfl fd ta` wfric, ta` Wtjt`) jocn`hstihga`s [`nhlòt (N`rljo wfrc dfr ta` bhoncfl fd Nfc, ta`Gaurga). Sa` stjt` wjs gfoo`gt`c whta Nfcs gfothouji wfrb fdgr`jt hfo joc ta` Gaurga whta Nfcs gfothouji wfrb fd r`c`lpthfo.Nfc, Iuta`r stjt`c, hs ta` a`jc fd kfta ta` bhoncfls. Sa`r`dfr`,suke`gthfo tf ta` rui`rs `chgt wjs foiy o`g`ssjry js ifon js ta``chgt gfodfrl`c tf Nfcs chvho` whii js safwo ho ta` sgrhptur`s.

^hta ta` Jl`rhgjo joc ta` Dròga [`vfiuthfos, ta` hc`j fd auljorhnats njho`c jsgòcjogy. Sa` dhrst jlòclòt fd ta` Jl`rhgjogfosthtuthfo c`gijr`c tajt Gfonr`ss sajii ljb` of ijw r`sp`gthonjo `stjkihsalòt fd rìhnhfo, fr prfahkhthon ta` dr`` `x`rghs`ta`r`fd. Sa` Jl`rhgjo joc Krhthsa gfosthtuthfos ajc j nr`jt hlpjgtfo ta` c`vìfplòt fd gfosthtuthfos ihb` tajt fd Hochj. Sa`s`guijrhzjthfo fd pfihthgs l`jot ta` c`tarfo`lòt fd ta` nfcs drflpfihthgs. Sa`r` jr` sthii ì`lòts tajt try tf chsrupt ta` s`guijrhty fd


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pfihthgs tarfuna rìhnhfus prfvfgjthfos2 afw`v`r, s`guijrhz`csfgh`ty dhocs suga rìhnhfus prfvfgjthfos js qujhot. X`t, ta` Ojzh

styi` fd kr``chon `taohg fr gflluoji johlfshty fo ofo-rìhnhfuskjshs cf`s ajv` pfw`rdui `dd`gt fo ta` ljss`s. Sahs, o`v`rtaì`ss,safws tajt ht hs oft ta` nfcs kut gflluoji sòthlòts tajt jr`kàhoc ta`l.

[ìhnhfus HochvhcujihslSa` s`guijrhty fd pfihthgs hs kjs`c upfo ta` r`gfnohthfo fd ljosduocjlòtji rhnat tf dr``cfl fd gfosghòg` joc rìhnhfo. Jrthgi` ;0fd ta` Hochjo Gfosthtuthfo nujrjot``s dr``cfl fd gfosghòg` jocdr`` prfd`sshfo, prjgthg` joc prfpjnjthfo fd rìhnhfo. Dr``cfl fdrìhnhfo hs j rhnat r`gfnohz`c ky ta` Khki`. Ht hs kjs`c upfo ta`khkihgji cfgtrho` fd auljo ihk`rty. Sa`r`dfr`, ta` Khki` o`v`rt`jga`s dfrg`c gfov`rshfo.

Sa` Khki` `lpajshz`s trutaduio`ss joc sphrhtujihty fd wfrsahp jsjgg`ptjki` k`dfr` Nfc (Eo. 35 ;7). Wur`, rìhnhfo wjs lfr` j sfghjipaòflòj ho ta` Fic S`stjlòt2 afw`v`r, ta` hochvhcujihty fd

sphrhtujihty wjs jiwjys ahnaihnat`c (Nò. 35 >2 45 12 @x. 7;5 :=2 ]s.0:5 4-:>). Whlhijriy, fo` dhocs ho ta` O`w S`stjlòt tajt Nfc hshochvhcujiiy gfog`ro`c jkfut Ahs gahicrò (Ib. :0). [ìhnhfushochvhcujihsl, afw`v`r, hs oft ta` sjl` js rìhnhfus prhvjthsl.[ìhnhfus prhvjthsl cf`s r`sp`gt ta` dr``cfl fd gfosghòg`2afw`v`r, ht r`njrcs rìhnhfo tf ajv` oftahon tf cf whta pukihg ihd`,fdtò tf ta` `xtòt tajt tjib fd rìhnhfo jt pukihg pijg`s fr ky l`josfd pukihg l`chj s``ls chsnusthon. Podfrtuojtìy, rìhnhfus prhvjthslhs fo` fd ta` kyprfcugts fd sfghji s`guijrhzjthfo. [ìhnhfus

hochvhcujihsl, fo ta` fta`r ajoc, r`sp`gts kfta ta` dr``cfl fdgfosghòg` joc ta` dr``cfl tf rìhnhfus sp``ga fr rìhnhfuspr`jgahon.

Sa` hochvhcujihzjthfo fd rìhnhfo lust k` s`ò js ta` `dd`gt fd ta`Nfspì fd ta` bhoncfl fd Nfc. Ht hs kjs`c upfo ta` pr`jgahon fdhochvhcuji r`spfoshkhihty dfr sjivjthfo tarfuna p`rsfojigfllhtlòt tf Garhst. Ht hs rìhnhfus hochvhcujihsl tajt ljb`s


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hochvhcujihsthgjiiy ihk`rjthon, js Gfx sjw ht. Sahs hs gi`jriy `vhcòt hota` lfc`ro s`guijr ghty wa`r` j p`rsfo òefys lfr` hochvhcuji

dr``cfl tajo ho ta` vhiijn`s fr `vò tfwos. Sa` sfghji jca`shv`prfvhc`c ky rìhnhfo joc trjchthfo hs w`jb ho ta` ghth`s. Sahs hs jii ta`r`suit fd dr``hon sfgh`ty drfl cflhojog` fd rìhnhfo. Sahs, afw`v`r,cf`s oft l`jo tajt sfghji rìjthfosahps ajv` gfl` tf jo òc. Htfoiy l`jos tajt ta`y ajv` tjbò o`w`r dfrls joc l`johons. Jisf,hostjog`s fd rìhnhfus duocjlòtjihsl fr `vò jta`hsthgduocjlòtjihsl lust k` s`ò js jojgarfohsthg. Sa`y iffb fccjlhcst ta` s`guijrhz`c stjtus quf. Sa` `xtòt fd sugas`guijrjihzjthfo lust oft k` r`njrc`c js joth-Garhsthjo, kut jsjsshsthon ta` gjus` fd Garhsts bhoncfl ky nhvhon ta` Gaurga jofppfrtuohty tf r`jga hochvhcujis whta ta` Nfspì whta ta` r`suittajt hochvhcujis jr` ofw dr``r tf ljb` j rjthfoji gfllhtlòt tfGarhst.

[`d`ròg`sGfx, Ajrv`y. Sa` W`guijr Ghty, O`w Xfrb5 Ljglhiijo ]uk. Gf. Hog.,:8>0.

]`rry, Ljrvho. ^`st`ro Ghvhihzjthfo, Kfstfo5 Afunatfo LhddihoGflpjoy, ;==:, 3ta `co.Saflpsfo, Kjrc. Auljohsts joc [`dfrl`rs, Nrjoc [jphcs5 ^hiihjlK. @`rcljo's, :81:.Ujgajrhjs, [jvh. Cìhv`r Ps Drfl @vhi, PWJ5 ^pukihsahon Nrfup,:88>.

]ukihsa`c ho Kjshi`hj (Htjrsh5 GHSW, Fgt, =1).


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SAXBHONCFL GFL@ ...

Ohnat crjnn`c fo giulshiy js ta` chsghpi`s sounni`c lhs`rjkiyjnjhost ta`hr crfwsy gflpjohfos. Drfl j chstjog`, ta` pjhodui grh`sfd ta`hr Ljst`r dìi a`jvhiy fo ta`hr cuii `jrs. Fo` shiòtiy fks`rv`cho ta` lffoiht cjrbo`ss, ta` tahgbo`ss fd ta` Ljst`rs sw`jt -crfpsho prjy`r djiihon ihb` crfps fd kiffc tf ta` nrfuoc. Ho jnfoy, taÌfrc grh`c Djta`r, hd hts pfsshki`, i`t tahs gup pjss drfl l`.Cjrbo`ss niffl`c t`rrhkiy, js hd whta hoghsfrs r`jcy tf c`vfurpjthòg`, k`dfr` ta` Ifrc st`jchiy gfothou`c o`v`rtaì`ss oft js Hwhii, kut js Xfu whii ht.

Ljtta`w tìis us tajt E`sus r`p`jt`c ta` sjl` wfrcs oft fog`, kuttarhg` k`dfr` A` wjs jrr`st`c ho N`tas`ljo` tajt ]jssfv`r`vòhon fd Jprhi, 7; JC (Ljtt. ;45 33). Hocukhtjkiy, tafs` wfrcssul up ta` wafi` strunni` fd sphrht jnjhost di`sa drfl ta` gr`jthfothii ta` òc fd ta` wfric. âhi` chsfk`chòt Jcjl joc ta` jcjlhg

rjg` ifst ta` kjtti` joc dìi hotf ta` vfrjghfus ejws fd c`jta, E`susGarhst suklhtt`c tf ta` whii fd Nfc joc c`jit c`jta j djtji kifw fota` grfss fd Gjivjry. Wf, ta` grughdhxhfo fd Garhst hs oft trjnhg o`ws5ht hs nffc o`ws.

Sa` whii fd Nfc hs pjrjlfuot dfr jii tahons fw` ta`hr `xhstòg` tfNfcs whii ([`v. 35 ::). Sa`r`dfr`, E`sus tjunat Ahs chsghpi`s tf prjydfr Nfcs bhoncfl tf gfl` joc Ahs whii k` cfo` fo `jrta js ht hs hoa`jvò (Ljtt. 45 :=). A`jvò hs wa`r` Nfc rui`s2 ho fta`r wfrcs,

wajt`v`r Nfc rui`s fv`r jksfiutìy hs a`jvò-rui`c. Joc sf, hd Nfcrui`s fv`r fur ihv`s, fur ihv`s k`gfl` a`jvòiy. Aìi hs eust htsfppfsht`. E`sus k`njo Ahs lhohstry pr`jgahon jkfut ta` bhoncfl fda`jvò. [`pòt, A` sjhc, dfr ta` bhoncfl fd a`jvò hs o`jr(Ljtt. 35 :>).

Sahs wfric w` ihv` ho hs j syofoyl fd `vhi. Eust j gursfry nijog`jrfuoc chspijys j lfrkhc `xahkhthfo


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fd jutafrhz`c `vhi. Ht hs of wfoc`r tajt ta` Garhsthjo hs hcòthdh`c kyahs s`pjrjthfo drfl ta` wfric, wa`ta`r ht jpp`jrs nffc fr `vhi. ]jui

sjhc tajt ky ta` grfss fd E`sus Garhst a` wjs grughdh`c tf ta` wfricjoc ta` wfric tf ahl (Nji. 45 :3). Sa` Garhsthjo cf`s of ifon`rkìfon tf ta` wfric2 a` kìfons tf ta` bhoncfl fd E`sus Garhst (Gfi.:5 :7). J Garhsthjo whii hoa`rht ta` bhoncfl fd Nfc (: Gfr. :05 0=).Saus, ta` bhoncfl fd Nfc uoi`jsa`c ky E`sus Garhst hs kfta jpr`sòt joc j dutur` r`jihty.

Whoo`rs jr` k`hon sjv`c, ta` shgb a`ji`c, joc ojthfos trjosdfrl`c2tahs safws tajt ta` bhoncfl fd Nfc hs jt wfrb rhnat ofw. J cjy jisfwhii cjwo waò ta` Wuo fd [hnat`fuso`ss whii jrhs` whta a`jihons hoAhs whons. Saò whii k` duidhii`c ta` prjy`r5 Say bhoncfl gfl`. Saywhii k` cfo` ho `jrta, js ht hs ho a`jvò.

SA@ APLJO ][@CHGJL@OSHo G`ghi C`Lhii`'s lfvh` Sa` Sò Gflljoclòts (:804), tf Lfs`squ`sthfo fd way Nfc i`dt ahs p`fpi` ho kfocs fd sijv`ry, Efsaujr`pih`s, Nfc ljc` ljo2 joc ljo ljc` sijv`s. Auljo

nfv`rolòt ajs ahstfrhgjiiy k`ò j afst fd ho`qujihty. Sa` v`hos fdpfihthgs gjrry n`rls fd gfrrupthfo d`c ky iust fd pfw`r jocpi`jsur`. Safuna ta` rui` fd whs` joc strfon lò hs c`shr`c, jilfstì`vjthon ta` rui`r hotf j nfc fr c`lh-nfc, wajt r`jiiy rui`s jii lòjihb` hs j djgt tajt gfuic safgb joyfo`.

Swf lhiiòohj joc j ajid jnf ]ijtf (g. 3;1-g. 73> KG) òvhsjn`c jpfihs ho wahga whscfl rui`c fv`r pjsshfo. ]ijtf wjs jv`rshv` fd ta`hrrjthfoji dfrl fd c`lfgrjgy (fr lfkfgrjgy) ho wahga hochsgr`thfo

wjs ta` eucn`. Sf ahl whscfl joc eusthg` ajc of saìt`r ho jc`lfgrjgy wa`r` ljefrhty vft` bhii`c ta` whs` Wfgrjt`s, ahst`jga`r.R:\ Oft surprhshon taò, ahs Sa` [`pukihg hs j s`rhfusjtt`lpt tf c`strfy c`lfgrjgy joc `stjkihsa ta` rui` fd whscfl.

Jo jojiyshs fd ta` ]ijtfohg prfki`l hs o`g`ssjry. Sa` rfft prfki`lfd pfihthgs hs ta` jvjrhghfus ojtur` fd ljo. Nfv`rojog` hs o`g`ssjryk`gjus` pjsshfo hs gajfthg. Sa` strunni` hs k`tw`ò whscfl joc


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stuch`s fd Wgrhptur`s safw tajt tafuna `vhi lò w`r``xt`rlhojt`c, `vhi htsìd r`tjho`c hts sg`pt`r fv`r auljo a`jrts.

Js sfiuthfo tf ta` auljo pr`chgjlòt, ]ijtf prfpfs`c j wìi-c`shno`c prfnrjl fd `cugjthfo wa`r`ky jki` lò gfuic k` trjho`ctf k` rui`rs joc wjrrhfrs fd ta` stjt`. Fkvhfusiy, ta` rui`rs wfuick` pahifsfpa`rs trjho`c ho ta` ahna`st dfrl fd i`jrohon. Sa`y wfuicpfss`ss ta` dfur vhrtu`s fd whscfl, t`lp`rjog`, gfurjn`, joc

eusthg`. Saus, ]ijtf kìh`v`c whscfl joc eusthg` wfuic k`nujrjot``c ho ahs utfphjo ghty. Kut, ta` pfsshkhihty fd prfcughonsuga nujrchjos ajs k`ò nr`jtiy c`kjt`c.Ahstfry hs `vhcòg` tajt `vhi joc pfihthgji i`jc`rsahp ajv` c``prìjthfosahps. Wthii c``p`r hs ta` rìjthfo k`tw`ò `vhi joc taàuljo a`jrt. Chdd`ròt fphohfos `xhst r`njrchon tahs prfki`l. Wflìhb` ]ijtf kìh`v` tajt `cugjthfo joc trjhohon kjs`c fo hc`jihsl gjoguithvjt` ta` nffc sphrht fd ljo joc aìp tf fv`rgfl` ta` di`saiypjsshfos.R7\ Wfl`, afw`v`r, kìh`v` tajt `cugjthfo gjoofttrjosdfrl ljo shog` ahs ojtur` hs gfrrupt`c ky hoa`ròt sho. Whorui`s c``p whtaho ta` a`jrt fd ljo. Srjosdfrljthfo hs foiy pfsshki`

ky ta` nrjghfus òjkihon fd Nfcs Wphrht.

Sa`r` jr` sthii fta`rs waf, ihb` Oh`tzsga`, kìh`v`c ho ta` tftjiìhlhojthfo fd ta` fic ofthfos fd nffc joc `vhi joc ta` r`c`dhohthfofd vjiu`s jifon `vfiuthfojry iho`s.

Sa` rhs` fd Jcfid Ahti`r js jo hogjrojthfo fd Oh`tzsga`s sup`rljowaf sgfdd`c jt ta` w`jb vhrtu`s fd Garhsthjohty hs wìi -bofwo tfahstfry. Sa` c`strugthvò`ss fd suga jo jpprfjga hs j i`ssfo i`jrot

jt ta` prhg` fd ^fric ^jr HH. ]`jg` joc auljo rhnats ajs k`gfl`jo hlpfrtjot gfog`ro shog` taò js s`ò ho ta` rhs` fd ta` POF.Ljo ajs gfl` tf r`jihz` tajt a` gjooft ihv` whtafut r`njrc dfr ahso`hnakfur. Safu sajit ifv` tay o`hnakfur js taysìd hs j chvho`chr`gthv` dfr ta` foiy pfsshki` ajrlfohfus ihd` ho tahs wfric.

âhi` bofwi`cn` fd lfrjihty hs ukhquhtfus tf ljo, ta` prfkjkhihth`sfd jca`ròg` jr` lhohlji. Sa`r`dfr`, ghvhi nfv`rolòt jhls tf


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r`strjho `vhi tarfuna dfrg`dui `x`guthfo fd ijw joc frc`r. Ljo ajsof rhnats ho ta` ojturji stjt` fd jojrgay. Sahs ljb`s ghvhi

nfv`rolòt j o`g`ssjry jnòt fd eusthg`. Podfrtuojtìy, `vò ta`jnòt fd eusthg` hs tjhot`c ky hts fwo shos joc stjocs gfoc`lo`c kyta` ijw ht s``bs tf upafic. Sa` chssjthsdjgthfo whta nfv`rolòtsjoc nrfwhon pfihthgji gfodushfo r`di`gts ta` lfrji (joc hllfrji)uor`st fd ta` wfric tajt gjot ljojn` htsìd.

[ìhnhfos iffb tf tahons fta`r tajo auljo nfv`rolòt dfr ta`ljhotòjog` fd eusthg`. Dfr hostjog`, Ahocuhsl jgg`pts ta` ijw fdbjrlj js ta` r`nuijthon prhoghpi` fd nffc joc `vhi. Garhsthjohty, fota` fta`r, ajoc iffbs tf Nfc dfr eusthg`. Bjrlj, afw`v`r, k`hon johlp`rsfoji prhoghpi` ajs of sylpjtay joc hs k`r`dt fd l`rgy.Ahocuhsl, Ejhohsl, joc Kuccahsl s`` ta` `xhstòg` fd ljo htsìd js`vhcòg` fd sho fr wrfon c`shr`s fr sìd -gòt`r`co`ss. Kut ta`prfki`l fd sjivjthfo drfl shodui ihvhon joc hts pòjity hs oftsjthsdjgtfrhiy josw`r`c. Sa` Ahocu jcvjhtho jtt`lpt tf còy ta`r`jihty fd sho joc ta` Kuccahst jtt`lpt tf còy ta` r`jihty fd ta`

sfui jr` ohahihsthg joc cf oft josw`r tf r`jihty.

SA@ KHKIHGJI JIS@[OJSHT@Ho lfvhon fur chsgusshfo drfl auljo nfv`rolòt tf rìhnhfo, wàjv` jisf lfv`c drfl ta` ojturji tf ta` sup`rojturji. Who hs oft

eust j payshgji prfki`l2 ht hs frhnhojiiy j sphrhtuji prfki`l. Kyr`jsfo fd prfxhlhty joc gifsò`ss, ta` wfric hs v`ry jpp`jihon tfljo tarfuna ahs sòs`s. Sa` ojturji ljo, jggfrchon tf ]jui, ihv`stf duidhii ahs di`sas c`shr`s ([fl. >5 0). Gfldfrt, s`gurhty, joc di`saiy

sjthsdjgthfo ho ta` hll`chjt` pr`sòt jr` ahs prhfrhth`s. Afw`v`r,k`hon gr`jt`c ho Nfcs hljn`, ljo hs oft i`dt tf ahs hosthogts kut hsòcfw`c whta hotìi`gt joc vfihthfo dfr r`spfoshki` gfocugt fd ihd`(Nò. :5;>2 [fl. ;5:0). Sa`r`dfr`, ljo hs whtafut `xgus` dfr ajvhongafsò tf c`kjs` ahlsìd c`spht` fd Nfcs ijw r`v`ji`c whtaho ahsfwo a`jrt. Ljo stjocs gfoc`lo`c k`dfr` Nfc joc hs hogjpjki` fd`xtrhgjthon ahlsìd drfl ta` r`jihty fd chvho` eucnlòt.Nfcs josw`r tf ljo gfl`s ho ta` p`rsfo fd E`sus Garhst. E`susGarhst hs ta` `lkfchlòt fd chvho` sjivjthfo. A` hs Nfcs ihd` joc


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rhnat`fuso`ss (: Eo. 05;=2 : Gfr. :57=). Sa` c`sthoy fd auljohty hsc`ghc`c ky hts c`ghshfo r`njrchon Garhst. Ky Ahs jtfohon sjgrhdhg`

Garhst ajs fdd`r`c Ahs kiffc js ta` prhg` fd fur rjosfl drfl shos.A` njv` Ahs ihd` js ta` sho fdd`rhon fo ta` grfss sf tajt tafs` wafiffb tf Ahl ho djhta whii k` sjv`c js ta` Hsrjìht`s w`r` ky iffbhon jtta` krjzò s`rpòt. Djhta ho Garhst, ta`r`dfr`, eusthdh`s ta` shoo`rjoc pr`sòts ahl nuhiti`ss k`dfr` Nfc ([fl. 15:).

Sa` dhrst st`p hotf Nfcs bhoncfl hs ta` jgg`ptjog` fd E`sus js Ifrcfd ihd`. Garhst gjooft k` sjvhfr uoi`ss A` hs dhrst Ifrc fd fur ihv`s.Sahs hs ta` b`y-stfo` fd sjogthdhgjthfo joc vhgtfry fv`r sho joc ta`c`vhi. Jsg`thg t`gaohqu`s joc yfnhg prhoghpi`s ljy jvjhi j ihtti` hogfotrfiihon ta` kfcy kut ta`y gjooft krhon vhgtfry (Gfi. ;5 ;:-;7). Hths foiy ta` gfos`grjthfo fd whii jt ta` jitjr fd ta` Ifrc tajt`ljoghpjt`s ta` sfui ([fl. :;5:, ;). Oft js H whii, kut js Xfu whii hths ta` stjt`lòt fd vhgtfry. Ht hs ta` c`gijrjthfo fd djhta ho Nfc jocta` suklhsshfo fd sìd tf Ahs tftji futwfrbhon ho fo`s ihd`. Sa`Wphrht, ta` ]jrjgi`t`, wfrbs foiy ho gf-fp`rjthfo, jifonshc` fd us.Fo` o``cs tf ljb` up fo`s lhoc c`spht` ta` pjhodui strun ni`, joc

òcur` tf ta` òc (A`k. :;5 :-3). J Garhsthjo waf ihv`s sugagfllhtt`c ihd` chspijys ta` rui` fd Nfcs bhoncfl ho ahs ihd`. A`k`gfl`s j v`ssì tajt hs sjogthdh`c dfr ta` Ifrcs us`, pr`pjr`cuotf jii nffc wfrbs (; Shl. ;5 ;:).

Afw`v`r, ta`r` hs j prfsp`gthv` r`jihty fd ta` Bhoncfl fd Nfc jswìi, wahga hs uithljtìy shnohdhgjot. Sa` pr`sòt `xp`rhòg` fd taÀfiy Wphrht hs foiy j dfr`tjst` fd ta` pfw`rs tf gfl` (A`k. 45 3, 0).Sa` Wphrht fd Nfc ho ta` kìh`v`r hs j nujrjot`` fd ahs hoa`rhtjog` ho

ta` Bhoncfl fd Nfc (@pa. :5:7, :3). Sa` futpfurhon fd ta` Wphrht fota` kìh`v`rs jdt`r ta` jsgòshfo fd Garhst wjs jo uoi`jsahon fd jpfw`r ho ta` lhcst fd ta` Gaurga tajt uithljtìy l`jos ta`vjoquhsahon fd ta` Bhoncfl fd cjrbo`ss. Sa` upsurn` fd `vhi ho ta`òc thl`s hs kut ta` succò dijr` fd jo `xthonuhsahon dijl`. Sa`Bhoncfl fd Nfc hs Nfcs josw`r tf ta` hot`roji joc `xt`rojiprfki`l fd `vhi. Sa` r`surr`gthfo fd Garhst l`jot j c`jta kifw tfc`jta htsìd. Ahs r`surr`gthfo hs jo jssurjog` fd ta` r`surr`gthfo fd


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sjhots ho ta` ijst cjy (:Gfr. :05 ;=-;4). Sa` N`rljo ta`fifnhjo]jooòk`rn wjs rhnat ho j wjy waò a` stjt`c tajt ta` òc fd ta`

wfric ajs k`nuo whta ta` r`surr`gthfo joc jsgòshfo fd E`sus.R3\^` jr` ihvhon jt ta` òc fd ta` jn`. Sa` òc whii gfosulljt` ho ta`r`vìjthfo fd ta` Wfo fd Nfc drfl a`jvò, ta` eucnlòt fd ta`wfric, joc ta` njta`rhon fd jii tahons ho Garhst (; Sa`ss. :5 1-:=2@pa. :5 :=). Saò whii jii bo``s kfw jt Ahs ojl` joc jii tfonu`gfod`ss tajt A` hs Ifrc (]ahi. ;5:=, ::). Sa`r`dfr`, fk`chòg`, ofw,tf ta` Nfspì fd ta` Bhoncfl hs vhtji. Sa` Bhoncfl hs oft eust jofpthfo5 ht hs j dfrg`c fpthfo tajt c`ghc`s ta` gafhg` k`tw`ò ihd`joc c`jta.R0\ Sa` gafhg` fd chsfk`chòg` hs j r`vfit jnjhost ta`chvho` prfpfsji fd p`jg`5 ht foiy l`jos ta` c`jta fd ta` r`kì.Sa`r`dfr`, fk`chòt djhta ho ta` Nfspì fd E`sus Garhst hs grughji tfta` `xp`rhòg` fd Bhoncfl rhnat`fuso`ss, p`jg`, joc efy ho taÀfiy Wphrht ([fl. :35 :>).

Say Bhoncfl gfl`, Say whii k` cfo` hs j prjy`r tajt hsprfpa`thgjiiy s`gur`c. Sa` foiy o``c hs dfr ta` hochvhcuji tf suklhttf ta` Bhoncfl fdd`r fd p`jg` joc j ihd` tajt pi`js`s ta` Bhon. Oft

js H whii, kut js Xfu whii ht.

[`d`ròg`sCurjot, ^hii. Sa` Wtfry fd ]ahifsfpay, O`w Xfrb5 ^jsahontfoWqujr` ]r`ss, :84:.Bò Nojojbjo, Bhoncfl Gfog`ros, Kjonjifr`5 SKS, :818.]ijtf, Sa` [`pukihg joc Fta`r ^frbs2 trjos. K. Efw`tt2 O`w Xfrb5Jogafr Kffbs, :818.

R:\ ^hii Curjot, Sa` Wtfry fd ]ahifsfpay (O`w Xfrb5 ]fgb`t Kffbs,:807), p. :;R;\ ]ijtf, Sa` [`pukihg joc Fta`r ^frbs (trjos. K. Efw`tt2 O`wXfrb5 Jogafr Kffbs, :818), p. 33R7\ Sa` c`vìfplòt fd ljt`rhji guitur` js ta` dfgus fd lfc`ro`cugjthfo rì`njt`s sphrhtujihty tf ta` prhvjt` ihd`.R3\ Bò Nojojbjo, Bhoncfl Gfog`ros (Kjonjifr`5 SKS, :818), p. 10.


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R0\ Jggfrchon tf ta` Jl`rhgjo pahifsfpa`r ^hiihjl Ejl`s j dfrg`cfpthfo hs fo` tajt gjooft k` jvfhc`c. Fog` ta` fpthfo hs pr`s`ot`c,

ta`r` hs of stjochon pijg` futshc` fd ta` jit`rojthv`.

]ukihsa`c ho Kjshi`hj (Htjrsh5 GHSW, Fgt, =1)


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J OJSFLX FD [ @IHNHFPWTHFI@OG@

Sa` ahstfry fd rìhnhfo ajs k`ò j s`rhfusiy kiffc-kjta`c fo`. Htr`v`jis ta` hotòs` pfw`r, w`hnat, joc c`pta fd rìhnhfo whtaho taàuljo a`jrt. Of wfoc`r, ta` wfrc rìhnhfo htsìd gfl`s drfl taÌjtho rìhnjr` l`johon tf khoc. [ìhnhfo khocs ta` jca`r òt tf htskìh`d, jutafrhty, joc gflluohty. Ht afics jo hotòs` pfw`r fv`rta` hochvhcuji. Fd gfurs`, ta`r` jr` s`v`rji hostjog`s fd rìhnhfusdjhta fpòhon htsìd tf pahifsfpahgji chjifnu`s joc hov`sthnjthfos hota` pjst. Afw`v`r, ht hs j djgt uocòhjki` tajt luga fd rìhnhfusdjhta hs j ljtt`r fd djhta jifo` joc oft rjthfoji chsgusshfo.Sa`r`dfr`, ta`y ajv` ta` pftòthji tf hovht` payshgji fppfshthfo kyoft suklhtthon tf joy dfrg` fd ifnhg. Sajt hs way ho sfl` gjs`swfrcs jr` shiòg`c ky kifws whta ta` sjogthfo fd sfl` rìhnhfusjutafrhty.

[ìhnhfus vhfiòg` ljy k` c`dho`c js vhfiòg` gfllhtt`c ho ta`

ojl` fd rìhnhfo. Ht hs kfta hotrj-rìhnhfus vhfiòg` joc hot`r-rìhnhfus vhfiòg`2 h.`. vhfiòg` whtaho ta` nrfup joc vhfiòg`jnjhost fta`r nrfups. Ht lust k` chdd`ròthjt`c drfl gflluojivhfiòg`, jpjrta`hc, joc rìhnhf-pfihthgji vhfiòg`, h.`. pfihthgjivhfiòg` ho j rìhnhfus njrk. âhi` gflluoji vhfiòg` joc ta` ihb`jr` lfr` j ljtt`r fd guiturji chdd`ròg`s, gflluoji d`ìhons, joccàuljohzhon ta`frh`s2 rìhnhfus vhfiòg` hs `xgiushvìy rìjt`c tf jgijsa k`tw`ò rìhnhfus kìh`ds, rìhnhfus sòthlòts, joc rìhnhfusprjgthg`s. J rìhnhfus gflluohty ljy succòiy n`t hodurhjt`c jt

sfl` fta`r rìhnhfus gflluohty joc gfllht vhfiòg`2 afw`v`r,tahs bhoc fd vhfiòg` safuic oft k` t`rl`c js rìhnhfus uoi`ss ht hsgfllhtt`c ho ta` ojl` fd rìhnhfo jifo` h.`. ho r`gfnohthfo (tru`fr djis`) fd sfl` jutafrhtjthv` rìhnhfus kjshs dfr cfhon ht. Ho tahs`ssjy, w` whii jojiyz` sfl` ta`frh`s tajt jutafrhz` rìhnhfusvhfiòg` joc taò safw ta`hr uosphrhtuji ojtur` joc hrrjthfojiprfg`cur` ho ta` jss`rthfo fd djhta.


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@]HWS@LHG KJW@W FD [@IHNHFPW THFI@OG@Ky `phst`lhg kjs`s hs l`jot ta` nrfuocs dfr kìh`vhon tajt

rìhnhfus vhfiòg` hs rhnat. Jojiythgjiiy, jii sjogthfo dfr rìhnhfusvhfiòg` hs kjs`c fo jutafrhty. H us`c ta` wfrc jojiythgjiiyk`gjus` ta` wfrc sjogthfo htsìd hlpih`s sjogthfo ky sfl`jutafrhty. Sa`r` hs of rjthfoji prhoghpi` dfr rìhnhfus vhfiòg`. Sa`r`ljy k` fo` dfr eusthg` joc r`trhkuthfo kut oft dfr rìhnhfusvhfiòg`. Fo ta` fta`r ajoc, fo` ljy iffb tf hosthogt fr `lfthfo jsta` psygafifnhgji kjshs dfr vhfiòg`. Afw`v`r, suga psygafifnhgjisfurg`s fd vhfiòg` gjooft k` ta` sfurg`s fd ta`frh`s sjogthfohonrìhnhfus vhfiòg`2 ta`r`dfr`, tafuna hosthogt fr `lfthfo ljy k`r`jgthfojry sfurg`s fd vhfiòg` ta`y gjooft k` gfoshc`r`c tf k`ta` `phst`lhg kjshs dfr rìhnhfusiy eusthdhjki` vhfiòg`. Ho djgt, ofrìhnhfus jutafrhty `v`r sjogthfos ta` uor`di`gthv` fk`chòg` tf ta`pjsshfo fd `lfthfo. Sa` `phst`lhg kjshs hs, ta`r`dfr`, o`hta`rr`jsfo ofr `xp`rhòg`, kut ht hs rìhnhfus jutafrhty ho ta` dfrl fdrìhnhfus trjchthfo, i`jc`r, fr sgrhptur`.

]fihthgji Jii`nhjog` tarfuna [ìhnhfus Jii`nhjog`

Ho ta` [fljo p`rs`guthfo fd Garhsthjos ho `jriy Gaurga ahstfry, ta`jutafrhty wjs gah`diy pfihthgji. Sa` p`rs`guthfo fd Garhsthjos wjsljhoiy k`gjus` ta`y w`r` susp`gt`c fd wfrbhon jnjhost ta` Wtjt`.Sa`hr jii`nhjog` tf ta` Wtjt` wjs `xjlho`c ky jsbhon ta`l tf còyGarhst joc sjgrhdhg` tf ta` nfcs dfr ta` wìi-k`hon fd ta` bhon, djhihonwahga ta`y w`r` puohsa`c.R:\ Sahs r`v`jis ta` `phst`lhg khjs fd

eucnlòt2 tajt jo hochvhcujis jii`nhjog` tf joy Nfc safuic oft k`jkfv` ta` stjt` fr jnjhost joy c`gr`` fd ta` bhon.

Ijt`r, afw`v`r, waò @lp`rfr C`ghus jssul`c gfotrfi ho ;38Garhsthjos k`njo tf k` p`rs`gut`c joc puohsa`c dfr djhihon tf safwta`hr r`sp`gt joc jii`nhjog` tf ta` [fljo nfcs tarfuna fdd`rhons tfta`l. Sa` jssulpthfo wjs tajt joyfo` waf ajc of r`sp`gt dfr ta`[fljo nfcs gfuic jisf ajv` of r`sp`gt dfr ta` nfv`rolòt tajtafofr`c ta`s` nfcs. Sa`r`dfr`, Garhsthjos waf chc oft fdd`r tf ta`nfcs w`r` shoni`c fut js trjhtfrs fd ta` @lphr`. Ho lfc`ro s`guijrpfihthgs, afw`v`r, whta ta` s`pjrjthfo fd rìhnhfo drfl stjt` suga


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grht`rhj fd jii`nhjog` of ifon`r `xhst. Afw`v`r, ta`r` hs jiwjys ta`cjon`r fd duocjlòtjihst tòcògh`s njhohon rfft tf ta` `xtòt tajt

ta` pfihthgji nujrjot`` fd rìhnhfus dr``cfl hs ifst.

Cajrlj joc Thfiòg`Sa` gfog`pt fd rìhnhfo ho pfpuijr Ahocuhsl hs gjptur`c ho ta` wfrccajrlj. Cajrlj l`jos cuty fr rhnat`fuso`ss (fr k`hon tru` tfwajt fo` funat tf k`). Cajrlj hogiuc`s jlfon ljoy tahons ta`prjgthg` fd truta, eusthg`, gjst`-cuty, joc sphrhtuji chsghpiho`. Holfc`ro thl`s, afw`v`r, cajrlj hs fdtò us`c dfr rìhnhfo. Kutljoy Ahocus sthi i cfot s`` jo hodrjstrugturji chdd`ròg` k`tw`òwfric rìhnhfos joc gfoshc`r ta` `ssòg` fd rìhnhfo tf k` cajrlj(fks`rvjog` fd wajt hs fo`s rhnat). Sajt hs way, Ahocuhsl hsgfoshc`r`c tf k` j piurjihsthg rìhnhfo. Hts piurjihsl hs `xpr`ss`c kyBrhsaoj ho ta` Kajnjvjc NhtjR;\ ho ta` dfiifwhon wfrcs5Ky wajt`v`r wjy lò wfrsahp L`, `vò sf cf H jgg`pt ta`l2 dfr,ho jii wjys, F ]jrtaj, lò wjib ho Ly pjta (HT. ::).

âjt`v`r dfrl j pjrthguijr c`vft`` whsa`s tf wfrsahp whta djhta

gfog`rohon tajt jifo` H ljb` ahs djhta uodihogahon. (THH. ;:).Afw`v`r, tahs ihk`rjihsl hs oft whtafut hts r`strhgthfos2 dfr ht hs sffoqujihdh`c ky Brhsaojs gijhls tf ahs fwo `xgiushvhty. @vò tafs` c`vft``s fd fta`r nfcs waf wfrsahp (ta`l) òcfw`cwhta djhta, wfrsahp L` jifo`, F sfo fd Buoth (Jreuoj), tafuna ho jouojutafrhz`c wjy (HQ. ;7).

Ofthg` tajt Brhsaoj gjiis ta` fta`r wjys fd wfrsahp jsuojutafrhz`c fr, js fo` v`rshfo sjys, oft jggfrchon tf

frchojog`.*7+ Wthii, tafs` wjys jr` jgg`ptjki` tf ahl. Afw`v`r,tafuna ta` wjys fd wfrsahp ljy k` chdd`ròt, suga chdd`ròg`s jocrìjthvhty hs oft jiifw`c ho ljtt`rs fd cajrlj fr p`rsfoji cuty2 dfrjii p`rsfoji cuty (prhljrhiy fd gjst`) hs ky chvho` frchojog`. Saus,waò Jreuoj, ta` jrga`r, hs sjccò`c ky ta` tafunat fd ajvhon tfbhii ahs gfushos ho ta` wjr, Brhsaoj safws ta` hrrjthfojihty fd jii suganrh`d ky t`jgahon ahl ta` nhst fd wajt a` gijhls tf k` tru` cajrlj.Fo` quhgbiy ofthg`s ho ta` `jriy pjrt fd ta` Nhtj ta` gfllfo-sòs`


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tì`fifnhgji `tahgs fd Jreuoj ho gfotrjchgthf o tf Brhsaojs vh`w fdtru` lfrjihty fr cajrlj. Brhsaoj `xpijhos tf ahl tajt ahs nrh`d fv`r

ajvhon tf bhii sfl`fo` hs uodfuoc`c shog` c`jta hs o`v`r j dhoji`vòt. Sa` paòflòj fd sijy`r, sijyhon, joc sijho hs oft r`ji ho taùithljt` sòs`2 shog` ta` sìd hs o`hta`r kfro ofr cf`s ht `v`r ch`2 htfoiy gajon`s kfch`s jt c`jta joc r`khrta js p`fpi` gajon` gifta`s(HH. :8-;7), paòflòjiiy sp`jbhon kut ho hts tru` sòs` ht hsuoljohd`st, khrtai`ss, joc hllutjki`. Jreuoj lust cf ahs fwo cuty(swjcajrlj) wahga `vhcòtiy ho tahs gjs` hs puohsahon ta` whgb`c.Sa` gjst`-cuty (vjrojsarjlj cajrlj) fd j bsajtrhyj wjs tfvjoquhsa ta` df`s fd rhnat`fuso`ss. Sa` Nhtj o`v`r prflft`srìhnhfus vhfiòg` ho ta` sòs` fd p`rs`guthon fta`r rìhnhfos2afw`v`r, ht cf`s sjogthfo vhfiòg` jnjhost cfworhnat whgb`co`ssjs j rìhnhfus cuty whta j eusthdhgjthfo kjs`c fo pjota`hsl joc ta`hllfrtjihty fd ta` sfui.

Sa` Gflljoc tf C`dòcSa` Bfrjo c`gijr`s Jiija js ta` Jii Wfv`r`hno joc L`rghdui fo`(Wurj T. 78, 3=). Sa`r`dfr`, a` dfrnhv`s tafs` a` gaffs`s tf dfrnhv`

joc puohsa`s tafs` a` gaffs`s tf puohsa js ht sjys5 Potf Jiijakìfon`ta wajtsf`v`r hs ho ta` a`jvòs joc wajtsf`v`r hs ho ta``jrta. A` dfrnhv`ta wafl A` whii, joc puohsa`ta wafl A` whii.Jiija hs Dfrnhvhon, L`rghdui (Wur j HHH. :;8).R3\ Ho fta`r wfrcs, shog`Nfc hs Wfv`r`hno Ifrc, A` ljy dfrnhv` wafl A` whii joc puohsawafl A` whii. Sa` gfochthfo dfr dfrnhvò`ss hs, afw`v`r, kìh`d.Pokìh`d hs hotfi`rjki` ky Nfc whta suga s`v`rhty tajt kìh`v`rs(Lusihls) jr` gflljoc`c tf dhnat joc c`strfy ta` uokìh`v`rs thiita`y jr` jii c`strfy`c fr gfov`rt`c, jitafuna ta`y jr` jisf tf k`

eucn`c ho ta` Cjy fd [`surr`gthfo. Ho djgt, vhfiòg` ho Hsijlfrhnhojiiy k`njo js j l`jos fd sìd-c`dòs` joc js j r`spfos` tfta` uojkjt`c rìhnhfus p`rs`guthfo ky ta` p`fpi` fd L`ggj. W``hontajt suga p`rs`guthfo hs foiy c`trhlòtji tf Hsijl, ta` Bfrjoc`gijr`s5 dhnat ta`l uothi p`rs`guthfo hs of lfr`, joc rìhnhfo hs jiidfr Jiija (Wurj THHH. 78). Sa` dhnat jnjhost uokìh`v`rs, afw`v`r, hsl`rghi`ss jnjhost tafs` waf cf oft gfov`rt. Jggfrchoniy ht sjys,


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Sa` foiy r`wjrc fd tafs` waf ljb` wjr upfo Jiija joc Ahsl`ssòn`r joc strhv` jdt`r gfrrupthfo ho ta` ijoc whii k` tajt ta`y

whii k` bhii`c fr grughdh`c, fr ajv` ta`hr ajocs joc d``t fo jit`rojt`shc`s gut fdd, fr whii k` `xpìi`c fut fd ta` ijoc. Wuga whii k` ta`hrc`nrjcjthfo ho ta` wfric, joc ho ta` A`r`jdt`r ta`hrs whii k` jojwdui cffl (Wurj T. 77).Saò, waò ta` sjgr`c lfotas ajv` pjss`c, sijy ta` hcfijt`rswa`r`v`r y` dhoc ta`l, joc tjb` ta`l (gjpthv`), joc k`sh`n` ta`l,joc pr`pjr` dfr ta`l `jga jlkusa. Kut hd ta`y r`pòt joc`stjkihsa wfrsahp joc pjy ta` pffr-cu`, taò i`jv` ta`hr wjy dr``.If! Jiija hs Dfrnhvhon, L`rghdui (Wurj HQ. 0).

Sa` hoeuogthfos jr` gi`jr5 tafs` waf wjr jnjhost Jiija jr` tf k`c`strfy`c joc tafs` waf r`pòt jr` tf k` jgg`pt`c js kr`tarò.Fo` bofws fd ta` ljoy jtrfghth`s gfllhtt`c ky bhons ihb`Jurjonjz`k waf wjot`c tf `stjkihsa ta` Hsijlhg rìhnhfo. Kut ta`r`jr` jisf `xjlpi`s fd tafs` ihb` Jbkjr joc ta` Wudh sjhots wafiffb`c dfr p`jg` joc tfi`rjog` rjta`r tajo sojtga jwjy drflfta`rs ta`hr rìhnhfus dr``cfl. Ht hs `vhcòt tajt jii l`tafcs fd

gfov`rshfo ky dfrg` jr` foiy, jt ta` lfst, `xt`rojiiy `ddhghòt. Sa`ygjot jdd`gt ta` hot`roji sfui. Kut wahi` sìd -c`dòg` hs eusthdhjki`s``hon tajt fo` ajs jisf ta` fkihnjthfo tf gjr` dfr ahs fwo kfcy, y`tht hs wrfon tf hodihgt pjho fo joyfo` eust k`gjus` fd ahs djhta. Srutahs o`v`r ho o``c fd vhfiòg` uoi`ss ht hs ho cjon`r fd k`hon vhfiòtiyc`strfy`c. Afw`v`r, truta gjooft k` vhfiòtiy c`strfy`c k`gjus` hths dfuoc`c ho ta` ojtur` fd Nfc Ahlsìd joc of fo` gjo c`strfyNfc. Jt ta` òc, jii tahons whii k` krfunat tf eucnlòt jocgfosulljthfo. Sa`r`dfr`, ta` Khki` tìis us oft tf tjb` vòn`jog`,

dfr vòn`jog` kìfons tf ta` Ifrc.

Sa` Gflljoc tf Ifv`Sa` O`w S`stjlòt hs strjhnatiy jnjhost vhfiòg`, `xg`pt waò ht hs

eustiy `x`gut`c ky j ghvhi nfv`rolòt, ho jggfrcjog` tf ta` Ijw fdNfc ([fl. :75 :-0). Afw`v`r, rìhnhfus vhfiòg` hs o`v`r òcfrs`cky Garhst dfr pfihthgji purpfs`s. Ht wjs khkihgjiiy uotru` dfr ta`Gaurga ho ta` pjst tf uoht` whta pfihthgji i`jc`rsahp joc puohsa


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tafs` waf ht gfoshc`r`c tf k` a`r`thgs. Sa` Grusjc`s jr` j cjrbspft fo ta` ahstfry fd Garhsthjohty. Afw`v`r, ta`y ijgb jo

`phst`lfifnhgji dfuocjthfo ho Nfcs r`vìjthfo tarfuna Ahs ^frc. Htwjs curhon ta` [`dfrljthfo tajt ta` `vhi fd ta` Gaurgas uohthonwhta pfihthgji i`jc`rsahp tf p`rs`gut` ta` tru` Garhsthjos wjsfks`rv`c. Iuta`r chdd`ròthjt`c k`tw`ò ta` bhoncfl fd ta` wfricjoc ta` bhoncfl fd Nfc joc ljc` rffl dfr eust r`kìihfo jnjhost`vhi nfv`rolòt waò ta`y vhfijt`c Nfcs Ijws.

Sa` K`jthtuc` sjys5 Ki`ss`c jr` tafs` waf jr` p`rs`gut`ck`gjus` fd rhnat`fuso`ss, dfr ta`hrs hs ta` bhoncfl fd Nfc (Ljtt.05 :=). Sa` gfotrjst k`tw`ò Brhsaoj joc Garhst hs stjrb a`r`. âhi`Brhsaoj gjiis tafs` ki`ss`c tajt p`rs`gut` fta`rs dfr rhnat`fuso`sssjb`2 Garhst sjhc tajt ht hs oft ta` hodihgtfrs kut ta` sudd`r`rs fdp`rs`guthfo dfr rhnat`fuso`sss sjb` waf whii k` r`wjrc`c. Dfr ta`strònta fd ta` kìh`d hs oft l`jsur`c ky ta` jkhihty tf auot p`fpi`cfwo kut ky ta` gfllhtlòt tf ihv` dfr ht joc ch` dfr ht. Saus,tafuna p`rlhtthon vhfiòg` ho jggfrcjog` tf ta` eusthdhgjthfo fdlfrji nfv`rolòts dfr `stjkihsahon eusthg` ho sfgh`ty, ta` uithljt`

òc fd jii rìjthfosahps jggfrchon tf Garhst hs ta` Ifv` fd Nfc. AÀhlsìd hs fur `xjlpi` waf gafs` tf sudd`r rjta`r tjb` r`vòn` foAhs ò`lh`s. A` cf`sot tjb` ta` ijw hotf Ahs fwo ajocs uothi ta`Djta`r p`rlhts ht. Dfr, tafuna Garhst hs fur Wjvhfr, A` whii jisfr`turo js Eucn` fd kfta ta` ihvhon joc ta` c`jc.

Saus, w` ajv` s`ò twf bhocs fd `phst`lhg kjs`s5 pfihthgf-rìhnhfusrìjthfosahp joc sgrhpturji jutafrhty.

]WXGAFIFNHGJI CHL@OWHFOLfc`ro psygafifnhgji r`s`jrga ajs safwo tajt jutafrhtjthv`c`vjiujthfo fd joy auljo tarfuna càuljohzjthfo jocc`hochvhcujthfo gjo i`jc tf s`v`r` grhl` ho sfgh`ty. Gfotrjry tf ta`jojrgahsts waf sjy tajt ljo rui`s joc hs rui`c k`st waò i`dt tfahlsìd jifo` whta ojtur`2 psygafifnhgji r`s`jrga ajs safwo tajtky c`l`johon sfl`fo`, tr`jthon p`fpi` js jofoylfus fr kytr`jthon ta`l js i`ss tajo auljos, vhfiòt `lfthfos joc jgthfos


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jnjhost ta`l gjo k` `vfb`c.R0\ ]rfpjnjocj tarfuna iht`rjtur`,khiikfjrcs, jcv`rths`lòts, s`gr`t l``thons, `tg jr` wjys ho wahga

hocfgtrhojthfo r`njrchon djisàffc fggurs. Sa` krut` `xtòt fd htwjs whto`ss`c curhon ^fric ^jr HH ho ta` Ojzh gfogòtrjthfogjlps. Fkvhfusiy, ta` Ojzh tfrtur`s w`r` oft gfod`ss`ciy rìhnhfus2afw`v`r, ta`y jt i`jst tìi afw càuljohzjthfo gjo krhon j gajon`ho ta` gajrjgt`r fd ljo. ]rfd`ssfr ]ahihp Uhlkjrcf fd WtjodfrcPohv`rshty, waf ajs cfo` hotòshv` r`s`jrga fo ta` psygafifny fd`vhi, wrht`s5

Jt ta` gfr` fd `vhi hs ta` prfg`ss fd càuljohzjthfo ky wahgag`rtjho fta`r p`fpi` fr gfii`gthv`s fd ta`l, jr` c`phgt`c js i`sstajo auljo, js ofo gflpjrjki` ho auljohty fr p`rsfoji chnohty tftafs` waf cf ta` ijkìhon. ]rèuchg` `lpifys o`njthv` st`r`ftyp`sho hljn`s fr v`rkjiiy jkushv` t`rls tf c`l`jo joc c`nrjc` ta`fke`gts fd hts ojrrfw vh`w fd sup`rhfrhty fv`r ta`s` jii`n`ciyhod`rhfr p`rsfos. Chsgrhlhojthfo hovfiv`s ta` jgthfos tjbò jnjhosttafs` fta`rs kjs`c fo ta` kìh`ds joc `lfthfos nò`rjt`c kyprèuchg`c p`rsp`gthv`s.R4\

Càuljohzjthfo hs foiy pfsshki` wa`r` ifv` dfr fo`s o`hnakfrcf`sot `xhst. Afw`v`r, wahi` `jrtaiy pahifsfpah` s jr` oft fppfs`ctf ajtr`c dfr ta` ò`ly `vò tfrtur` fd ahl, E`sus t`jga`s us tfifv` fur ò`lh`s joc prjy dfr ta`l2 k`gjus` ht hs ajtr`c tajtcàuljohz`s joy hochvhcuji fr gflluohty joc chsgrhlhojt`sjnjhost ta`l. Ifv` jgg`pts ta` djgt fd k`hon ho fppfshthfo (htcf`sot suppr`ss ht) kut ht r`dus`s tf i`t suga fppfshthfo trjosdfrlhts p`rsp`gthv` hotf prèuchg` joc ajt`dui chsgrhlhojthfo.

Fo` jofta`r psygafifnhgji hodiuòg` hs ljss sunn`sthfo wa`r`c`hochvhcujthfo njta`rs ahna tfo`s. [hfts joc ljefrhty ruihonhodiuòg` p`fpi` tf efho njon fd p`rs`gutfrs ho ta`hr `vhi jgts2 hosuga lfk-d`ìhon, gfosghòg` hs s`t jshc`. Durta`r, prfpjnjocj jocdjis` t`sthlfoh`s i`jc tf òrjn` p`fpi` ho suga chr`gthfo.


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GA[HWSHJOHSX JOC [@IHNHFPW THFI@OG@@vhcòtiy, ta` Fic S`stjlòt gjooft jiwjys k` s`ò js suppfrthv`

fd rìhnhfus tfi`rjog`. Dfr hostjog`, ta` Ijw fd Lfs`s sthpuijt`cc`jta pòjity dfr hcfijtry joc whtgagrjdt, dfr kr`jbhon ta` SòGflljoclòts, joc dfr chsafofrhon Nfc (I`v. ;35 :4). Kut tahswjs foiy khochon fo tafs` waf w`r` gfoshc`r`c tf k` ta`l`lk`rs fd ta` Gfvòjot. O`hta`r ta` Fic S`stjlòt ofr ta` O`wS`stjlòt jiifws joy p`rs`guthfo fd fta`r rìhnhfos ho ta` ojl` fdrìhnhfo.Sa` Khki` hochgjt`s ho : Shlftay ;5 :, ; tajt hd p`fpi` jr` oft jki` tfihv` j quh`t joc p`jg`jki` ihd` ho jii nfciho`ss joc afo`sty, taò jnr`jt pjrt fd ht hs cu` tf ta` djhiur` fd ghvhi nfv`rolòts tf gflpiywhta ta` lfrji nfv`rolòt fd Nfc. Sa` wfrc dfr afo`sty hss`loft`s ho ta` Nr``b joc jisf l`jos chnohty joc afofr.Fkvhfusiy, ho j stjt` wa`r` rìhnhfus vhfiòg` hs rjlpjot ta` chnohtyjoc afofr fd ta` ghthzòs hs ifst tarfuna càuljohzjthfo.Sa`r`dfr`, Garhsthjos jr` gjii`c dfr tf prjy dfr ta` nfv`rolòt sftajt ta`r` ljy k` p`jg` joc frc`r ho ta` stjt`.

^` jisf i`jro drfl ta` ihd` fd E`sus joc ta` jpfsti`s tajt rìhnhfusp`rs`guthfo lust k` jvfhc`c js djr js pfsshki`. Dfr hostjog`, E`sustìis Ahs chsghpi` tf i`jv` joy ghty wahga js j wafi` r`dus`s Garhstsl`ssjn` joc stjrts p`rs`guthon ta` l`ssòn`rs (Ib. 85 02 gp. Jgts:75 0:). E`sus Ahlsìd jvfhc`c uoo`g`ssjry djiihon hotf ta` ò`lystrjps (Ljtt. 35 :;2 Ib. 35 7=). Whlhijriy, ]jui `sgjp`c fog` tarfuna jkjsb`t waò p`fpi` w`r` ho wjht dfr ahl, wjs pr`vòt`c ky ta`chsghpi`s drfl n`tthon k`jtò ky j grjzy lfk, joc tffb l`jsur`s tfhodfrl ta` jutafrhty fd j nrfup fd E`whsa djojthgs waf ajc vfw`c

tf oft `jt thii ta`y bhii`c ahl (Jgts 85 ;02 :85 7=2 ;75 :>-;:). A` jisfus`c ahs [fljo ghthzòsahp js j prhvhi`n` tf pr`vòt uoo`g`ssjrytfrtur`, tf jpp`ji tf ta` ahna`st gfurt fd eusthg`, h.`. tf Gj`sjr, joctf n`t p`fpi` uoc`rstjoc tajt ta`y gjooft eust ky-pjss ijws tfp`rs`gut` ta` lhofrhty (Jg. :45 70-3=2 ;;5 ;02 ;05 ::). Saus, ht hsfkvhfus tajt ta` Khki` c`shr`s Garhsthjos tf k` rjthfoji ho ta`hrgfocugt fd ihd`, s``hon tajt ta` Khki` cf`s jiifw ta` jvfhcjog` fdp`rs`guthfo hd ht hs pfsshki`.


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Kut ho joy gjs` ta` Wgrhptur` dfrkhcs vòn`jog` ([fl. :;5 :8).

Srhjis cf safw ta` strònta fd ta` truta fd fo`s djhta ho ta` Nfspìjoc ho ta` ifv` joc eusthg` fd Nfc. Sa` Wgrhptur` `xafrts us tf ki`ssfur ò`lh`s joc prjy dfr tafs` waf p`rs`gut` us (Ljtt. 05 33).E`sus gjl` oft tf puohsa ta` whgb`c kut tf sjv` ta` shoo`rs.Afw`v`r, ljo hs jggfuotjki` dfr ahs `v`ry wfrc joc c``c jt ta`dhoji Cjy fd Eucnlòt. Sa` kìh`v`r, truiy, hs oft drhnatò`c kyjoytahon dfr a` wjibs oft ho jnhtjthfo kut ho djhta, afp`, joc ifv`.

[`d`ròg`sKajnjvjc Nhtj, trjos. Wwjlh Thr`swjrjojocj (Ljcrjs5 Wrh[jljbrhsaoj Ljta, :8>3).Kffty, Efao @. Sa` Gaurga ho Ahstfry, O`w Xfrb5 W`jkury ]r`ss,:8>8.Drfst, Er. W.@. (`c.) Sa` Wjgr`c ^rhthons fd ta` ^frics Nr`jt[ìhnhfos, O`w Xfrb5 LgNrjw-Ahii Kffb Gflpjoy, :8>;.Sa` L`johon fd ta` Nifrhfus Bfrjo, trjos. L. L. ]hgbtajii, O`wCìah5 Hsijlhg Kffb W`rvhg`, :88;.

Wì`gt`c Nifssjry5Càuljohzjthfo prfg`ss fr prfg`cur` fd chv`sthon auljos fdta`hr auljo hcòthty, chnohty, joc rhnats.C`hochvhcujthfo prfg`ss fr prfg`cur` fd r`lfvhon hochvhcujihcòthty joc hochvhcujihty2 taus, gr`jthon j sòs` fd jofoylhty.@phst`lhg `phst`lfifnhgji fr tajt wahga hs rìjt`c tf ta` prfki`lfd bofwi`cn`.Hochvhcujihsl pahifsfpay tajt `lpajshz`s hochvhcuji wfrta, rhnats,

joc sp`ghdhg hcòthty jpjrt drfl sfgh`ty.W`guijrhsl - pahifsfpahgji hc`fifny tajt str`ss`s, `sp`ghjiiy, ta`s`pjrjthfo fd sghòg` joc pfihthgs drfl rìhnhfus cflhojog`.W`guijrhzjthfo prfg`ss ky wahga sfgh`ty hs dr``c drfl jksfiut`cflhojog` fd rìhnhfo fr ta` sup`rojturji.

R:\ Efao @. Kffty, Sa` Gaurga ho Ahstfry (O`w Xfrb5 W`jkury ]r`ss,:8>8), pp. :0=-:0:.


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R;\ Kajnjvjc Nhtj, trjos. Wwjlh Thr`swjrjojocj (Ljcrjs5 Wrh[jljbrhsaoj Ljta, :8>3).

*7+ W.@. Drfst, Er. (`c.), Sa` Wjgr`c ^rhthons fd ta` ^frics Nr`jt[ìhnhfos (O`w Xfrb5 LgNrjw-Ahii Kffb Gflpjoy, :8>;), p. 01R3\ Sa` L`johon fd ta` Nifrhfus Bfrjo, trjos. L. L. ]hgbtajii (O`wCìah5 Hsijlhg Kffb W`rvhg`, :88;). Jii quftjthfos drfl ta` Bfrjo,uoi`ss sp`ghdh`c, jr` tjbò drfl tahs trjosijthfo.R0\ www.zhlkjrcf.gfl & www.prhsfoxp.frn*4+ Sa` Iughd`r @dd`gt ky ]ahihp Uhlkjrcf (www.iughd`r`dd`gt.gfl).

]ukihsa`c ho Kjshi`hj (Htjrsh5 GHSW, Fgt =1). Gfpyrhnat ;==1 kyCflòhg Ljrkjohjon


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WIPLCFN WFPT@OH[ Of ljo hs j cfn2 ofr j cfn, j ljo -Fo` gjo foiy k` tr`jt`c sf.Joc y`t ta`s` l`tjpafrs jr` kjc âhga H ofw hotòc tf safw.

Sa`r` jr` cfns fo str``t joc cfns jt afl`Wf, j str``t ljo gjot k` j cfn,Dfr taò wfuic lò jt afl` jisf k` cfns2Safuna o`v`r Kuii fr Jisjthjo2 dfr jii jr` fo`.

J cfns nft of lfrji sòs`2 j ljo ajs jt i`jst sfl`. Joc `vò hd a` ajc ofo`,Sa` gjt`nfrhzjthfo hs wfrs`, joc oft i`ss2Dfr, j cfns sthii bofwo dfr hts djht aduio`ss.

Sa` str``t kfy lhnat k`gfl` j lhiihfojhr`,

Joc j lhiihfojhr`, gfl` tf ta` str``t2J sajgb hs sthii j afl` tf sfl`fo`2J gfv`r drfl ta` a`jt, j r`st dfr fo`s d``t.

J gahic sthii ijunas ho ta` siulJ kjky sthii grh`s ho ta` pjijg`Jo `y` sthii jwjhts fo` lfr` cjwoâhi` fo` whsa`s ta` ohnat wfuic prfifon.

Sa` siuls ajv` ta`hr cfns2 cfns fd chdd`ròt kr``cs.Wfl` kìfon jt afl`2 sfl` rfv`r fo ta` str``ts.Kut siuls joc jii s`tti`lòts jr` bofwo dfr ta`hr lò, wflò,joc gahicrò2Safuna rhga fr pffr`r ta`y k`2Sa`y jr` fo` fd us2Joc ho Nfcs shnat `jga hs pr`ghfus5 @jga fo` sthii fo` ho j lhiihfo,@jga fo` sthii j lhiihfojhr`.


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hlluohty, ta` wafi` syst`l whii jutfljthgjiiy k` chs`js` dr``. Htdhrst stjrts whta sphrhtuji rò`wji joc djhta ho Nfc, waf nhv`s ta`

trjosgòcòtji l`johon ho ta` ihd` fd `jga hochvhcuji.


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NFT@[OL@OS FD SA@] FF[ "Sa` bhon waf eucn`s ta` pffr whta truta, ahs tarfo` whii k``stjkihsa`c dfr`v`r" (]rfv. ;85:3).

Sa` nfv`rolòt fd ta` pffr hs ta` nfv`rolòt tajt'ii òcur`.

Sa` Nfv`rolòt tajt prft`gts ta` pffr, dhnats dfr ta`hr gjus`, nhv`sta`l eusthg` (`gfoflhg, sfghji,joc pfihthgji) hs ta` Nfv`rolòt tajths duogthfohon rhnat2 ta` Nfv`rolòt tajt hs duogthfohon rhnat hs ta`Nfv`rolòt tajt hs a`jitay2 ta` Nfv`rolòt tajt hs a`jitay hs ta`Nfv`rolòt tajt ihv`s joc tarhv`s fo.


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] @JG@- J ] F@L

Sa` gfpt`rs up nrhoo`c js cfwo crfpp`c ta` kflks -"Afw `jshiy ajv` w` auljohty `rjs`c!""Of, ht's oft w` kut ta`y waf phift usSajt ajv` dhrst `rjs`c auljoo`ss drfl ta`hr fwo a`jrts!"

Sa` gfpt`rs kijc`c jwjy js kuii`ts rhpp`c ta` jhr -"L`tji bhiis l`tji js lò bhii lò!""Of, l`tji hs ihdì`ss, lò jr` jihv`2Foiy l`tji bhiis lò joc l`tji jihb`!"

"Wf, ta`s` lò jr` js us whtafut l`rgy fr sajl`,âjt ljc` ta`l sf ihdì`ss, wajt pfw`r wajt ojl`6"

"D`jr, jon`r, ajtr`c, joc cfuktJr` ta` o`njthv`s tajt c`jcò ta`hr a`jrts."

J ihtti` nhri kìfw (ruoohon whta a`r krfta`r ho jrls)5"Gry oft, ly krfta`r, ly ihtti` c`jr cfii,Sa` gfpt`rs whii nf jwjy joc whta ht jii ofhs`!""H wjot ly lfta`r, H gjo't s`` a`r jrfuoc!""Wa` hs ofw ho a`jvò, joc s``s us a`r` cfwo."

Sa` nhri grh`s..."F lfta`r, F lfta`r, w`'r` i`dt jii jifo`,

^`'r` i`dt whta of lfta`r, w`'r` i`dt whta of afl`!"

Sa` gfpt`rs r`turo`c whta lfr` jon`r joc hr`,Sa`y pfur`c jii ta`hr dury ho krhlstfo` joc dhr`.

Sa` nhri rjo dfr saìt`r whta ta` tfcci`r ho jrls,Sa` kflk`rs rjtti`c jdt`r uojwjr` fd tahs jii -Dfr, js ta` slfb` joc ta` cust rfs` hotf ta` sbySa` `y`s fd truta w`r` gurtjho`c.


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Sa` o`xt lfrohon, j ]rh`st wjhis5

"ây Nfc, ly Ljst`r, chc Xfu jii tahs jiifw6F t`rrfrs fd cjrbo`ss, wajt ìs` yfu s``b ofw6"

NFC josw`rs5"Sahs ahstfry hs yfurs. Ht's yfu waf'ii wrht`Sa` stfry fd ljo c`vfhc fd Ahs Nfc."

"Sa` stfry hs sjc... ht's sthii Xfu waf jiifw`c -ta` nuhiiftho`s, ta` njs gajlk`rs, ta` dh`ry gifucs!"

"Hd ht wjs H waf safuic ajv` nfv`ro`c ta` `jrta,Saò way gr`jt` ljo tf ajv` cflhohfo fo `jrta6Sa`s` jr` yfur hovòthfos, yfur whscfl, yfur r`sfiv`sSajt crhv` ta`s` chvhshfos, tajt gflpì ta`s` chsgfrcs.Ht's yfu waf dfr rìhnhfo ajt` `jga fta`r joc jiiJoc k`gfl` lfr` r`puishv` ho ta` `y`s fd Nfc.Ht's yfu waf dfr yfur lhsshfo fd eusthg` dfr jii

Nhv` ho tf ta` rìhnhfo fd vhfiòg` joc ajrl.Ht's yfu waf dfr rhga`s fd tahs di``thon wfricAjv` `xpifht`c yfur krfta`rs, yfur fwo di`sa joc kiffc.Joc, sajii H oft r`quht` tahs djhtai`sso`ss fd yfu jiiâf jkus`c yfur pfw`r wahi` st`wjrcs ho Ly afus`6H'ii r`turo yfur vhfiòg` hotf yfur kfssfl,Xfur whtacrjwji fd eusthg`, fd l`rgy joc gflpjsshfo.Dfr, ta` òc fd jii tahons whii surìy gfl`,Lò sajii k` eucn`c dfr jii ta`y'v` cfo`.

Dfr, wajt gfuic k` r`wjrc`c uoi`ss ht w`r` cfo`2Kut, yfu'v` gafsò ajtr`c joc ifv` yfu'v` sauoo`c.F, turo ofw drfl `vhi, turo ofw drfl sajl`!Suro drfl eucnhon `jga fta`r ky sfl` ojl`!Dfr yfur a`jrts jr` djsahfo`c jii jihb`,Kut, `vhi hs j vòflfus vhp`r tajt strhb`s2Wf, k`wjr` joc ljb` jlòcs, ljb` p`jg` whta jii dhrst,G`js` drfl jii vhfiòg`, drfl tr`jga`ry joc iust.


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Saò, sajii rhnat`fuso`ss sprhon dfrta drfl ta` nrfuocJoc ki`ss yfu whta jssurjog` fd nifry drfl jkfv`."

Sa` ihtti` nhri gfl`s ho k`tw`ò..."Nfc, H s`` Xfur josw`r hs sf tru` joc sf whs`2Kut, w`'v` ifst fur lfta`r, w`'v` ifst jii w` ajc!"

NFC josw`rs5"Xfu'v` ifst oft yfur a`jrt, ly cjunat`r,Xfu'v` ifst oft yfur gahic-ihb` djhta.Fo` cjy joc sffo`r jdt`r,Sa` wfric whii n`t j kfic sajp`.Saò, yfu sajii r`hno ho nifryFv`r prhog`s, rhga joc strfon,Joc ta`y waf jr` ofw strfon`r^hii taò k` prfv`c wrfon.B``p tahs a`jrt fd yfurs js hoofgòtJs H'v` ljc` ht whta ly a`jrt2H'ii r`turo tf nhv` yfu eusthg`,

H'ii gfl` kjgb whta ly r`wjrc."

Saò, NFC vjohsa`c hotf taho jhr2Joc, ta` gfpt`rs kijc`c tarfuna ta` jhr jnjho.

Cflòhg Ljrkjohjon, ;=:=.


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SA@J K[JAJLHG GFT@OJOS (N@O.:;5:-7)âò Jkrjajl ihv`c whta ahs djlhiy ho Pr fd Gajic``s, Nfc gjii`cahl fut fd tajt ijoc whta ta` dfiifwhon prflhs`5

Ofw ta` IF[C ajc sjhc tf Jkrjl5"N`t fut fd yfur gfuotry,Drfl yfur djlhiyJoc drfl yfur djta`r's afus`,Sf j ijoc tajt H whii safw yfu.H whii ljb` yfu j nr`jt ojthfo2H whii ki`ss yfuJoc ljb` yfur ojl` nr`jt2Joc yfu sajii k` j ki`sshon.H whii ki`ss tafs` waf ki`ss yfu,Joc H whii gurs` ahl waf gurs`s yfu2Joc ho yfu jii ta` djlhih`s fd ta` `jrta sajii k` ki`ss`c." (Nò.:;5:-7)

Sahs wjs Nfc's Gfvòjot whta Jkrjajl, wahga tjb`s j rhtuji hogajpt`r :0, joc hs gflpfs`c fd dhv` prflhs`s5 ta` prflhs` fd jijoc, ta` prflhs` fd j ojthfo, ta` prflhs` fd ljbhon ahs ojl`nr`jt, ta` prflhs` fd ljbhon ahl j ki`sshon, joc ta` prflhs` tajtjii ta` djlhih`s fd ta` `jrta sajii k` ki`ss`c ho ahl. Ahstfry ajs s`òhts duidhiilòt.

:. J Ijocâò Jkrjajl wòt tf ]ji`stho`, a` sfefuro`c ta`r` ho tòts jiiahs ihd`. Ahs sfo Hsjjg, joc nrjocsfo Ejgfk jisf ihv`c ho tòts. Sajtijoc wjs o`v`r ta`hrs - ta`y w`r` strjon`rs ho ht. Sa` foiypfss`sshfo tajt Jkrjajl ajc wjs ta` tflk tajt a` kfunat tf kuryahs whd` Wjrja. Kut, Nfc njv` j prfpa`thg wfrc whta j prflhs` hoGajpt`r :05


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Saò A` sjhc tf Jkrjl5 "Bofw g`rtjhoiy tajt yfur c`sgòcjots whiik` strjon`rs ho j ijoc tajt hs oft ta`hrs, joc whii s`rv` ta`l, joc

ta`y whii jddihgt ta`l dfur auocr`c y`jrs. Joc jisf ta` ojthfowafl ta`y s`rv` H whii eucn`2 jdt`rwjrc ta`y sajii gfl` fut whtanr`jt pfss`sshfos. Ofw js dfr yfu, yfu sajii nf tf yfur djta`rs hop`jg`2 yfu sajii k` kurh`c jt j nffc fic jn`. Kut ho ta` dfurtanò`rjthfo ta`y sajii r`turo a`r`, dfr ta` hohquhty fd ta` Jlfrht`s hsoft y`t gflpi`t`." (Nò :05:7-:4)

Jggfrchoniy, uoc`r Lfs`s, ta` p`fpi` r`turo`c tf Gjojjo ijoc joc,ijt`r, uoc`r Efsauj's i`jc`rsahp tffb ta` ijoc. Ahstfrhgjiiy, shog`ta` ijoc kìfon`c tf ta` Hsrjìht`s. Nfc jisf prfpa`sh`c tajt hd ta`p`fpi` r`kì jnjhost Nfc's Gfvòjot (ljc` tarfuna Lfs`s), A`wfuic tjb` ta`l fut fd ta` ijoc. Sajt chc ajppò waò Jssyrhjhovjc`c Hsrjì joc Kjkyifo tffb Eucja hotf gjpthvhty.

Sa` ijw fd ta` Wjkkjta ajc j sp`ghji rìjthfo tf ta` ijoc, joc ta`r`w`r` s`v`rji ijws rìjt`c tf ta` ijoc tajt ljc` sur` tajt ta` E`wsw`r` oft ijoci`ss, kut `v`ryfo` ajc j sajr` ho ta` ]rflhs`c Ijoc.

âò ta` p`fpi` krfb` ta` Wjkkjthgji ijws, Nfc prfpa`sh`c tajtA` wfuic uprfft ta`l fut fd ta` ijoc sf tajt ta` ijoc wfuic n`thts sjkkjthgji r`st (;Gar 745;:).

Afw`v`r, A` jisf prflhs`c tajt A`'ii njta`r ta`l kjgb tf ta`hrijoc. Wf, waò Hsrjì wjs dfrl`c jnjho ho :831, ta` wfric bo`wtajt tahs prfpa`gy wjs duidhii`c dfr j p`fpi` waf wjoc`r`c tarfunata` ojthfos dfr s`v`rji y`jrs2 kut, ofw ajc gfl` afl`.

;. J OjthfoSahs r`d`rs tf ta` p`fpi`'s `taohghty. Sa`y w`r` Jkrjajl'sfddsprhon. Sajt's fo` r`jsfo way nò`jifnh`s w`r` hlpfrtjotjlfon ta` E`ws. Joyfo` oft dfuoc ho ta` djlhiy tr`` gfuic oft k`gfoshc`r`c tf k` j E`w.


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Ho ta` O`w S`stjlòt, ta` Garhsthjos jr` gjii`c fddsprhon fdJkrjajl jggfrchon tf ahs djhta. Afw`v`r, jggfrchon tf ta` di`sa, ht

hs ta` E`ws waf jr` ta` gahicrò fd Jkrjajl.

Hot`r`sthoniy, @sju wjs oft gfoshc`r`c hotf tahs iho` fd ta` prflhs`.Ht wjs k`gjus` a` gafs` tf nhv` up ahs khrtarhnat joc ojl` ho ta`djlhiy. A` `xgflluohgjt`c ahlsìd dfr j lfrsì fd dffc, joc tajtwjs tjbò s`rhfusiy, k`gjus` wajt a` sfic wjs ta` sukstjog` tajtkfunat ahs dffc. A` ajc of lfr` gajog` dfr r`pòtjog`.

Wf, ta` gahicrò fd Ejgfk fr ta` gahicrò fd Hsrjì (js Ejgfk wjs jisfgjii`c jdt`r ahs `xp`rhòg` jt ]òhì) k`gjl` bofwo js ta` E`ws.

Sa` O`w S`stjlòt r`gfrcs tajt Nfc chco't dfrsjb` tahs ojthfo.Sa`y ajv` j pijg` ho Nfc's pijo wahga whii uowhoc jt ta` òc fdthl`s. Fd gfurs`, ta` Joth-Garhst whii ljb` j gfvòjot whta ta`ljggfrchon tf Cjohì 8 joc, p`rajps, jisf jsshst ho kuhichon ta`t`lpi` tajt a`'ii c`dhi`2 kut, ta` L`sshja whii r`turo tf c`strfy ta`c`lfohg rui`r joc tf `stjkihsa ta` Bhoncfl fd rhnat`fuso`ss.

7. J Nr`jt Ojl`Safuna Jkrjajl k`gjl` nr`jt ho ahs fwo thl`, ht wjs tarfuna taòjthfo tajt a` njv` khrta tf tajt ahs ojl` wjs bofwo tf ta` òthr`wfric. Sa` E`ws gjii ahl "Djta`r Jkrjajl". Sa` A`kr`ws fr taÈ`ws ajv` ajc j shnohdhgjot ojl` ho ta` rfiis fd ahstfry.

3. J [`ghprfgji Ki`sshonNfc gjii`c Jkrjajl tf ljb` ahl j ki`sshon tf ta` wfric. Joc,

hoc``c, a` k`gjl`. Sa` prflhs` stjt`c tajt tafs` waf ki`ss ahlwhii k` ki`ss`c joc tafs` tajt gurs`c ahl whii k` gurs`c. Ho ta`pjst, w`'v` whto`ss`c wajt `vhi joth-s`lhthsl ajc gjus`c jnjhosttahs p`fpi`. Kut, tafs` waf ki`ss`c Jkrjajl, w`r` ki`ss`c hoc``c.

0. J L`sshjohg Ki`sshonSahs r`d`rs tf ta` ki`sshon fd Jkrjajl tarfuna ta` L`sshja. Sahs hsta` sphrhtuji chlòshfo fd ta` prflhs` joc hs oft jggfrchon tf di`sa


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(ta` kìh`v`rs jr` oft ghrgulghs`c E`ws) kut hs jggfrchon tf djhta.Sa`y jr` gahicrò fd Nfc, kfro ky ta` ^frc fd Nfc. Wf, hoa`rhtfrs

fd ta` prflhs`s fd Nfc.

Cflòhg Ljrkjohjon, ;=:=


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[ @IHNHFPWSFI@[JOG@ HO SA@F IC JOC SA@ O@^S@WSJL@OSW

Sa` Fic S`stjlòt hc`j fd rìhnhfus ojthfojihsl hs c``piy kjs`c foNfcs gfvòjot rìjthfosahp whta ta` p`fpi` fd Hsrjì. Sa` ojthfo fdHsrjì hs s`ò js `xhsthon k`gjus` fd Nfcs gfvòjot whta Jkrjajljoc ta` p`fpi` fd Hsrjì fo Lfuot Whojh. Hostjog`s fd rìhnhfushotfi`rjog` dhoc `xpijojthfo ho Nfcs rìjthfo tf Hsrjì j s j

auskjocs tf ahs whd`. Js hodhcìhty ho ljrrhjn` hs hotfi`rjki`, sf hshodhcìhty ho rìhnhfo. Sa` gfvòjot rìjthfosahp, afw`v`r, r`quhr`cwhidui gfllhtlòt.

Sa` O`w S`stjlòt, afw`v`r, s``s tahs ho j chdd`ròt ihnat. [ìhnhfohs lfr` jo hochvhcuji hssu` tajo j sfghji fo`. Sa` rìhnhfushochvhcuji wfric hs s`pjrjt`c drfl ta` pfihthgji wfric. E`suschdd`ròthjt`c k`tw`ò ta` bhoncfl fd tahs wfric joc ta` bhoncflfd Nfc (Eo. :15 74). Sa` bhoncfl fd tahs wfric hs hodiuòg`c ky ta`nfc fd tahs wfric, waf hs Wjtjo (; Gfr. 35 3). Sa` wfric, ta`r`dfr`, hskihoc tfwjrcs ta` nfspì joc hs uojki` tf r`gfnohz` ta` ifrcsahp fdGarhst (: Eo. 75:). Jt ta` sjl` thl`, pfihthgji jutafrhty hs tf kùoc`rstffc js nhvò ky Nfc Ahlsìd ([fl. :75:, ;). Sahs r`ht`rjt`sta` r `vìjthfo ho Cjohì tajt ta` lfst Ahna rui`ta ho ta` bhoncflfd lò, joc nhv`ta ht tf waflsf`v`r a` whii, joc s`tt`ta up fv`r htta` kjs`st fd lò. (Cjo. 35 :>). Sa`r` s``ls tf k` j pjrjcfx a`r`.Hd Nfc gfotrfis wfric pfihthgs taò afw cf`s ta` c`vhi k`jr ta`

sg`ptr`6 Sa` josw`r whii k` `vhcòt fog` ta` rhnat l`johon fdwfric hs uoc`rstffc js shodui auljohty (`xg`pt ho gjs`s wa`r` htr`d`rs tf ta` ojturji wfric). Sa` c`vhi rui`s fv`r shodui auljohty(@pa. ;5;) joc wa`r`v`r pfihthgs hs p`rvjc`c ky uoeust ijws fr ijwòdfrg`rs, ta` sg`ptr` fd ta` c`vhi hs vhshki`. Afw`v`r, ta` c`vhigjooft sup`rg`c` Nfc ho whscfl joc pfw`r. Saus, ta` rui` fd c`vhihs vhshki` wa`r`v`r djisàffc joc ijwi`sso`ss `xhst. Afw`v`r, ta`rui` fd Nfc js t`rrfr tf `vhi wfrbs ([fl. :75 7) hs wajt ljb`s

eusthg` pfsshki` ho tahs wfric. Fkvhfusiy, Nfcs us` fd rui`rs suga js


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O`kugajco`zzjr joc Gyrus jnjhost `vhi-hod`st`c bhoncfls safwsta` fv`rjrgahon pfw`r fd Nfc fv`r jii pfihthgji wfric. Ho ta` O`w

S`stjlòt, ta` bhoncfl fd Hsrjì js j ta`fgrjthg bhoncfl ho tahswfric hs r`pijg`c ky ta` lfr` gflpràòshv` gfog`pt fd ta`bhoncfl fd Nfc. Sa` fks`sshfo whta ojthfoji pfihthgs hs gfosul`cky ta` pjsshfo dfr ta` sphrhtuji bhoncfl. Sa` gaurga fd Garhst hss`ò js trjosgòchon jii ojthfoji, `taohg, joc ihonuhsthg kjrrh`rs. Jssuga, rìhnhfus hotfi`rjog` js j gjroji joc pfihthgji prjgthg` hs oftjclhtt`c.

Durta`r, ta` Khki` ljb`s ht v`ry gi`jr tajt tru` sphrhtujihty hs wajtNfc s``bs (Eo. 35;7). Sahs gjo foiy gfl` drfl fo`s nrjsp fd trutajoc whidui jii`nhjog` tf ht. Sahs r`sp`gts ta` dr``cfl fd gfosghòg`.

Cflòhg Ljrkjohjon, Ejoujry :=, ;==1.


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^ AJS HOCHJ O@@CW666

Sa` gfuotry ajs g`rtjhoiy gfl` j nr`jt wjy drfl :83>. ^` ajv`s`ò rfjcs, krhcn`s, sgaffis, gfii`n`s, gflluohgjthfo, t`gaofifny,joc s`v`rji luith-chlòshfoji c`vìfplòts. Sa` hot`ro`t hs jkffo js thgb`t kffbhons (rjhi, jhrwjys, `tg) gjo k` cfo` drfl afl` -jvfhchon quù`s joc gfuot`r tòshfos. Jisf, gahicrò jr` `xpfs`ctf j krjv` o`w wfric fd chdd`ròg`. Afw`v`r, j d`w tahons sthiistrhb` gfog`ro.

:. ]fpuijthfo. Ht's `sthljt`c tajt ta` pfpuijthfo whii aht :.3 khiihfoky ;=;:. Sajt's aft luithpihgjthfo. Sahs nhv`s rhs` tf s`v`rjiprfki`ls ho nfv`rojog`. Sa` ljho fo` hs `gfoflhg. Sa`r` o``cs tfk` prfp`r prfcugthfo joc chstrhkuthfo fd r`sfurg`s tf l``t ta`kjshg o``cs. ^hta lfr` p`fpi` ho ta` ijoc, ta`r` jr` lfr`hochvhcujis whta rhnats tajt gfrrìjt` cuth`s ky ta` nfv`rolòt.@cugjthfoji joc `lpifylòt fppfrtuohth`s lust jisf k` prfvhc`c.

Saò, ta`r` jr` a`jita gfog`ros tajt ta` nfv`rolòt lustjccr`ss.

;. ]fiiuthfo, Wgòhg, joc Guitur` ]rfki`ls. Sahs hs j nrjv` prfki`ldfr sur`. Wflàfw, fog` ta` nhjot hs jrfus`c joc s`t tf nf jkfut,ht's chddhguit tf stfp ahl. Kut, afp`duiiy, ta` hotrfcugthfo fd GON `tji. ljy krhon sfl` rìh`d. Wlfb`, cust, crjhojn`, pijsthg kjns, joc jlyrhjc suga hssu`s jwjht sfiuthfos, y`t. ^` sthii ajv` chrty rjhiwjypijtdfrls, kus stjthfos, nfv`rolòt fddhg`s, cjljn`c rfjcs, joc

pfocs tajt ta` nfv`rolòt gjr`s i`ss jkfut. Sa`s` jr` djr drfljoy j`sta`thg jcfrjthfo. ^` safuico't try tf gflpjr`, kut ht's sthiiv`ry `jsy tf spht wa`r`v`r fo` wjots ho Hochj. Sa` sjl` Hochjo,waò a` nf`s fut fd ta` gfuotry, whii ajv` k`nuo tf i`jro tajt tahshs oft rhnat, joc a` wfuico't d`ì tf cf ta` sjl` ho tajt bhoc fd jsurrfuochon. Sa` nfv`rolòt lust i`jro tf gr`jt` j guitur` tajtdjvfrs gi`joiho`ss.


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7. Lfrji C`vìfplòt & Gfrrupthfo Hssu`s. Sa` nfv`rolòt ajsdjhi`c tf k` j lfrji `xjlpi` tf ta` p`fpi`. G`rtjhoiy, w` i`jro fd

lfrji i`ssfos ho ta` sgaffis2 kut, nf tf joy usuji nfv`rolòtfddhg` fr pfihg` stjthfo (fr try j trjho trjvì), gfrrupthfo hs jilfstukhquhtfus. Sa` bajch hs ofw c`sphs`c js pfiiut`c ky ta` pfihg` jocta` pfihthghjo. Jisf, ihqufr hs ihgòs`c, ruhohon djlhih`s. Afw`v`r,tajobs dfr s`v`rji rhnats lfv`lòts joc ofki` lò ho ta`nfv`rolòt js wìi waf ajv` krfunat shnohdhgjot r`dfrls tf jnr`jt `xtòt. Ofw, rjnnhon hs kjoo`c2 sf, jr` s`v`rji fta`r sfghji`vhis tajt ajc hovjc`c ta` guiturji djkrhg. Wfl`tahon lfr`shnohdhgjot hs tf k` cfo` tf put jo òc tf auljo rhnats vhfijthfos hor`c ihnat jr`js, dfft pjtas, rjhiwjy pijtdfrls, joc wfrb pijg`s. Jisf,ta` gòsfrsahp kfjrc s``ls tf ajv` gajon`c hts fphohfo ho ta` pjstfo` c`gjc`. Fo` wfoc`rs wajt gajon` ht's nfhon tf ajv` ho taò`xt c`gjc`. Cf`s ht s``l tf jgg`pt tajt ta`r` jr` of lfrjijksfiut`s joc tajt ta` ^`st ho lfr` lfrji tajo ta` @jst, js djr jsta` Wgr`ò hs gfog`ro`c, joc tajt w` jr` sthii kàhoc ho Wgr`òguitur`666

Fta`r hssu`s stjoc js wìi. Kut, dfiifwhon ta` Ijf Szu l`tafc, ht'sta` i`jc`rsahp tajt hs tf kijl` dfr lfst fd ta` hssu`s. Ahstfryt`jga`s us tajt fo` i`jc`r gjo i`jc ta` wafi` ojthfo tf aìi (`.n.Bhon Ljojssà, Jcfid Ahti`r). Ahstfry jisf t`jga`s us tajt foì`jc`r gjo i`jc ta` wafi` ojthfo hotf j krjv` wfric. Sa` i`jc`rslust i`jro tf i`jc joc oft eust ljojn` ta` stjtus quf. Ht's oft`gfoflhg strònta tajt c`t`rlho`s ta` strònta fd ta` ojthfo, ht hsgfosghòg` joc ta` gfllhtlòt tf truta joc ifv`. @jga hochvhcujifd ta` ojthfo hs j i`jc`r ho ahs/a`r fwo spa`r`. ]i`js` st`p tf k` jo

`xjlpi`, pijy yfur rfi` rhnat, joc stjrt ta` trjosdfrljthfo fd taòjthfo. Kut, r`l`lk`r, i`jc`rs o`v`r quht - ta`y i`jc us tf ta`c`sthoy, ta`y gjrry ta` kjoo`r tf ta` phoojgi`.


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SA@^ J[ FD BJIHONJ JOC L FC@[O [ @IHNHFPW

GFOWGH@OG@

Ho jrfuoc ;4= KG, Bhon Jsafbj fd ta` Ljuryjo @lphr` hovjc`c ta`[`pukihg fd Bjihonj, ofw ho lfc`ro cjy Frhssj, ònjnhon ho jkiffcy kjtti` tajt whtaho j safrt p`rhfc fd thl` gjus`c sugaljsshv` c`strugthfo tajt ht jppjii`c ta` garfohgi`s fd thl`. Ht wjsta` dhrst joc ta` foiy kjtti` tajt Jsafbj hs sjhc tf ajv` dfunat,dfiifwhon wahga a` ògfuot`r`c j prfdfuoc gajon` fd a`jrt joc

njv` up vhfiòg`. Sa` gfoqu`st chc ljb` Jsafbj jo jksfiut`lfojrga fv`r j nr`jt pjrt fd ta` Hochjo suk-gfothoòt2 ta` gajon`fd a`jrt, afw`v`r, strhpp`c ahl fd joy c`shr` dfr durta`r lhihtjrygfoqu`sts. Sa` ljsshv` ifss fd ihd` joc sudd`rhon gjus`c ky tahs wjrw`hna`c a`jvhiy fo ta` lhoc fd ta` Bhon joc piuon`c ahl hotf c``pr`lfrs`. Fo ta` :7ta fd ahs :3 Ljefr [fgb @chgts, a` hosgrhk`s5Fo gfoqu`rhon Bjihonj ta` Kìfv`c fd ta` Nfcs dìt r`lfrs`, dfr,waò jo hoc`pòcòt gfuotry hs gfoqu`r`c, ta` sijunat`r, c`jtajoc c`pfrtjthfo fd ta` p`fpi` hs `xtr`lìy nrh`vfus tf ta` Kìfv`cfd ta` Nfcs joc w`hnas a`jvhiy fo ahs lhoc... @vò tafs` waf jr`dfrtuojt` tf ajv` `sgjp`c, joc wafs` ifv` hs uochlhohsa`c, sudd`rdrfl ta` lhsdfrtuo`s fd ta`hr drhòcs, jgqujhotjog`s, gfii`jnu`sjoc rìjthv`s...

Sahs hosgrhpthfo fd cajllj ajs k`ò ònrjv`c sf tajt joy sfos frnr`jt-nrjocsfos tajt H ljy ajv` safuic oft tahob fd njhohon o`wgfoqu`sts, joc ho wajt`v`r vhgtfrh`s ta`y ljy njho safuic k`

sjthsdh`c whta pjthòg` joc ihnat puohsalòt. Sa`y safuic foiygfoshc`r gfoqu`st ky cajllj tf k` j tru` gfoqu`st, joc cìhnat hocajllj safuic k` ta`hr wafi` cìhnat, dfr tahs hs fd vjiu` ho kftatahs wfric joc ta` o`xt. Rjs quft`c ky Efao B`jy, Hochj5 J Ahstfry,8;-87\

"A`r`ho ih`s ta` nr`jto`ss fd Jsafbj," wrht`s [.B. Lffb`reh, "... jti`jst of vhgtfrhfus lfojrga ho ta` ahstfry fd ta` wfric hs bofwo tfajv` `v`r nhvò `xpr`sshfo tf joytahon ihb` ht" RHkhc\. Sa`


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gfov`rshfo wjs tftji joc ht uoi`jsa`c j rjr` thl` ho ta` ahstfry fdHochj bofwo js ta` Nficò Jn` fd Hochjo ahstfry.

Safuna s``lhoniy c`rhvhon s`v`rji prhoghpi`s fd stjt`grjdt drflBjuthiyj's Jrtajsjstrj, Jbkjr r`sfrt`c tf ta` hc`fifny fd cajlljjs c`rhv`c drfl Kuccahsl tf ljb` ta` dfuocjthfo fd ahs rui`.Jsafbj's r`lfrs` ajc j r`jcy r`l`cy ho ta` jir`jcy `xhsthonKuccahst cajllj, whta wahga a` chc ajv` gfotjgts drfl ahspr`vhfus stjy jt Jvjoth joc ahs ljrrhjn` tf C`vh (Thchsaj-ljajc`vh), j Kuccahst. Sa` r`lfrs` wjs c`ghshv`, kut `vò lfr`hlpfrtjot wjs ta` jvjhijkhihty fd ta` rìhnhfo fd ofo-vhfiòg` ho ta`dfrl fd Kuccahsl, joc Kuccahst garfohgi`rs wjst` of `ddfrts tryhontf c`phgt ta` pr`-Kuccahst Jsafbj js j lfostrfusiy c`lfohg rui`r,wafs` `vhi lhoc ajc tf nf tarfuna Bjihonj tf `xp`rhòg` ta`c`ghshv` gajon`. Ht hs r`gfrc`c tajt sfl` :==,=== p`fpi` w`r` sijhojoc :0=,=== c`pfrt`c curhon ta` Bjihonj ^jr. Sa` sukeunjt`cBjihonjos w`r` tr`jt`c ho jggfrcjog` tf ta` prhoghpi`s fdJrtajsjstrj5 "ajvhon jgquhr`c o`w t`rrhtfry ta` gfoqu`rfr sajiisuksthtut` ahs vhrtu`s dfr ta` ò`ly's vhg`s joc wa`r` ta` ò`ly

wjs nffc, a` sajii k` twhg` js nffc. A` sajii dfiifw pfihgh`s tajtjr` pi`jshon joc kò`dhghji ky jgthon jggfrchon tf ahs cajrlj jocky nrjothon djvfurs joc `x`lpthfos, nhvhon nhdts joc k`stfwhonafofurs." RB`jy, 8;\

Sa` pr`sòg` fd j ofo-vhfiòt rìhnhfus gfosghòg` wjs strfoniy dìttarfunafut ta` Nficò r`hno fd Jsafbj. Ht's jksòg` wjs afrrhdhgjiiysòs`c ho ta` lfc`ro djsghst r`nhl`s rfft`c ho ta` càuljohzhonrffts fd Cjrwhohsl. Cjrwhohsl jggflpihsa`c ta` r`cugthfo fd ljo

tf j l`r` khfifnhgji k`hon. Wphrhtujihty wjs strhpp`c fd joyshnohdhgjog`. Swf pfw`rdui hc`fifnh`s, vhz. Djsghsl joc Ljrxhsl,tajt piuon`c ta` wfric hotf afrrhdhg grhl`s jnjhost auljohtyòsu`c drfl hts prhoghpi`s. Sa`s` pahifsfpah`s stffc strfoniyfppfs`c jnjhost vhrtu`s fd ta` rìhnhfus gfosghòg`. Ho ahs kffb Sa`Jothgarhst, Oh`tzsga` kijtjotiy `xpr`ss`c ta` ifnhgji pfihthgji `tahgsfd Cjrwhohjo hc`fifny, hc`js tajt wòt hotf sajphon ta` djsghstr`nhl`s fd ta` :87=s. Oft surprhshoniy, hodiuòg`c ky ta` Cjrwhohjo


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prhoghpi`s fd ojturji sì`gthfo, strunni` dfr `xhstòg`, joc survhvjifd ta` dhtt`st, ahs cfgtrho` fd whii tf pfw`r stffc d`rfghfusiy

fppfs`c tf ta` vhrtu`s fd ifv` joc gflpjsshfo. A` wrft`5âjt hs nffc6--âjt`v`r junlòts ta` d`ìhon fd pfw`r, ta` whiitf pfw`r, pfw`r

Date post:	04-Jun-2018
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