GOES Users’ Conference, 22 - 24 May 2001, Boulder, CO 1 The Future of Meteosat Johannes Schmetz...

GOES Users’ Conference, 22 - 24 May 2001, Boulder, CO 1

The Future of Meteosat

Johannes Schmetz

EUMETSATDarmstadt, Germany


Content:

• EUMETSAT Overview

• Current Meteosat system

- products and rapid scan service

• Meteosat Second Generation (MSG)

- The satellite

- Performance and capabilities

- Applications and products

- Satellite Application Facilities (SAF)

• Toward the Post-MSG era


Hungary, Poland and Slovakia are Cooperating States of EUMETSAT

17 Member States3 Cooperating States

EUMETSAT Member States


THE INITIAL CONVENTION:

"The primary objective ... is to establish, maintain and exploit European systems of operational meteorological satellites...."

THE NEW CONVENTION:

"A further objective ... is to contribute to the operational monitoring of the climate and the detection of global climate change.."

EUMETSAT OBJECTIVES


EUMETSAT SATELLITE PROGRAMMES

96 97 98 0099 01 02 03 04 0605 07 08 09 10 1211 13 14 15 16 1817

M-5

M-6

0° Service M-7

0° Service

METEOSAT

MSG-1

MSG-2

MSG-3

MSG

Polar Orbit Service

Metop-1

Metop-2

Metop-3

EPS

M-5 M-6

0° Standby

IODC

Rapid Scan

M-6Approved Programme/Service

Expected Lifetime

Planned

MSG-4

M-6 M-5


The current Meteosat:

• Satellite• Products• Rapid scan service


Meteosat ImagerDefinition of the imager channels

Channel Spectral Band Pixels x Lines

Visible (VIS) 0.4 - 1.0 µm 5000 x 5000

Infrared (IR) 10.5 - 12.5 µm 2500 x 2500

Water Vapour (WV) 5.7 - 7.1 µm 2500 x 2500


Water Vapour Image


Meteosat Meteorological Products

Operational products available in near real-time Clear Sky Radiances Clear Sky Water Vapour Winds Climate Data Set Cloud Analysis Cloud Motion Winds Cloud Top Height High Resolution Visible Winds Sea Surface Temperatures Upper Tropospheric Humidity

All of the above are generated between 1 and 48 times each day on an operational basis. The Climate Data Set is stored for research use. The other products are distributed to users immediately after processing.


Meteosat Climate ProductsISCCP & GPCP

International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project

– Clouds described by 80 parameters– Each 3 hours, in 2.5° latitude/longitude intervals– Global record since 1983

Global Precipitation Climatology Project

– Estimates of monthly precipitation totals– In 1° latitude/longitude intervals– Global record since 1986


Performance of Meteosat-7 Winds: ECMWF Monitoring

EUMETSAT's Satellite Coverage and Indian Ocean Data Coverage

0 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 18020406080100120140160 20

60 S

0

60 N

Meteosat-7

Prime Position

0° Longitude

Meteosat-5

IODC Position

63°E


In 2000 the scanned area was increased significantly and the repeat cycle fixed to 10 minute intervals to allow for the start of the operational Rapid Scan Service by middle of 2001.

EUMETSAT’s Rapid Scan ServiceEUMETSAT’s Rapid Scan Service

• Resulting from at request to support the Mesoscale Alpine Project (MAP) in September 1999 the backup spacecraft Meteosat-6 was configured to conduct a series of rapid scan operations.

• Initially the rapid scan area was covering the Alpine region in 5 minute intervals.


Examples from the pre-operational PhaseExamples from the pre-operational Phase

• Eclipse 1999Eclipse 1999

• MAPMAP


Total Eclipse over Europe 11 August 1999Total Eclipse over Europe 11 August 1999

(10-Minute Scans by Meteosat-6)(10-Minute Scans by Meteosat-6)


METEOSAT-6 RAPID SCANNING AT 5 MIN INTERVALSMETEOSAT-6 RAPID SCANNING AT 5 MIN INTERVALS

MAP - Area / 18 June 1999MAP - Area / 18 June 1999


Europe Format for GIF filesEurope Format for GIF files

Rapid Scan Area during the operational PhaseRapid Scan Area during the operational Phase


Meteosat Second Generation (MSG)

• MSG System• Satellite performance• Products and examples• Satellite Application Facilities (SAF)• Post MSG User Consultation Process


Meteosat FirstGeneration (MOP/MTP)

• 3-channel Imaging Radiometer

• 100 RPM Spin-stabilised Body

• Solid Apogee Boost Motor

• 5 years Station Keeping

• 200 Watts Power Demand

• 720 kg in GTO orbit

• Flight qualified with Delta 2914, Ariane 1, 3, 4

Meteosat SecondGeneration (MSG)

• 12-channel Enhanced Imaging Radiometer

• 100 RPM Spin-stabilised Body

• Bi-propellant Unified Propulsion System

• > 7 years Station Keeping

• 600 Watts Power Demand

• 2000 kg in GTO orbit

• Design compatibility with Ariane 4 and 5, Atlas 1

Meteosat versus MSG


MSG System (from 2003)

Data CollectionPlatforms (DCP)

Raw & Processed Images and other data

Processed Images

and other data

Data CollectionSystem Reports

EUMETSAT Control & Processing Centre

Darmstadt

High RateUser Station(HRUS)

Primary Ground Station (PGS )

Low RateUser Station(LRUS)

Satellite Applications

Facilities (SAF)

LRIT

HRIT

Standby MSG

OperationalMSG

External Support G round SStations

Dat

a fr

om o

ther

m

eteo

rolo

gica

l sat

ellit

es

Back-up Ground Station ( BGS)

Satellite Control

Satellite Contro

l (Back-up)M

onito

ring


Scanning for MSG fromSouth to North


> 12 km12 km 10 km

8 km

6 km

5 km

4 km

3.1 km

MSG samplingdistance on ground


SEVIRI INSTRUMENT

Channel Spectral Band in m

cen

min

max

Maximum Dynamic range

HRV Broadband (silicon response) 460 Wm-2sr-1m-1

VIS0.6 0.635 0.56 0.71 533 Wm-2sr-1m-1

VIS0.8 0.81 0.74 0.88 357 Wm-2sr-1m-1

NIR1.6 1.64 1.50 1.78 75 Wm-2sr-1m-1

IR3.9 3.90 3.48 4.36 335 KWV6.2 6.25 5.35 7.15 300 KWV7.3 7.35 6.85 7.85 300 KIR8.7 8.70 8.30 9.10 300 KIR9.7 9.66 9.38 9.94 310 KIR10.8 10.80 9.80 11.80 335 KIR12.0 12.00 11.00 13.00 335 KIR13.4 13.40 12.40 14.40 300 K


MSG-1 SEVIRI Calibration Performance

Channel Calibrationperformances

Calibrationrequirements

IR3.9 0.35 at 335K 1.0 at 335K

WV6.2 0.29K at 300K 1.0K at 300K

WV7.3 0.29K at 300K 1.0K at 300K

IR8.7 0.41K at 300K 0.8K at 300K

IR9.7 0.54K at 310K 0.8K at 310K

IR10.8 0.53K at 335K 1.0K at 335K

IR12.0 0.53K at 335K 0.9K at 335K

IR13.4 0.49K at 300K 0.7K at 300K


SEVIRI Channels Weighting Functions


MSG Coverage

For all channels except HRV For HRV

MSG MPEF products within 65° angle around subsatellite point


Meteorological Product Extraction Facility (MPEF)

• MPEF is part of Application Ground Segment (AGS)

• other part are Satellite Application Facilities (SAF)

• Generally MPEF products at synoptic scale (better than 100 km)

• Important for MPEF design:

– Evolution of the MPEF algorithms and products

– Flexibility to add new algorithms and products (“plug-in approach”)


Atmospheric Motion Vectors (AMV)

Calibration support/monitoring (CLM)

Clear Sky Radiances (CSR)

Cloud Analysis (CLA)

Cloud Top Height (CTH)

Cloud mask (archived)

Products generated by MPEF (1)


Tropospheric Humidity (UTH, MTH)

Climate Data Set (CDS)

ISCCP Data Set (IDS)

High Resolution Precipitation Index (HPI)

Global Instability Index (GII) - experimental -

Total ozone - experimental -

Products generated the MPEF (2)


Cloud processing in the MSG MPEF:

divided into two parts:

1) Scenes Analysis (SCE, derives a pure cloud mask),

2) Cloud Analysis (CLA, derives cloud parameters)

based on known threshold techniques (Lutz, 2000)

SCE and CLA are derived on pixel basis and for each repeat cycle


Cloud processingCloud Analysis (CLA) - Description

Derives on a pixel basis:- the cloud phase (unknown, water, ice, mixed)- the cloud top height information (cloud top pressure, cloud top temperature, effective cloud amount)- the semi-transparency flag- the cloud type (10 different categories)

In the near future it is foreseen to include other cloud parameters (e.g. cloud optical thickness)

Cloud parameter


MSG MPEF cloud coverage from Cloud Analysis

• MSG MPEF cloud processing consists of two steps: Scenes Analysis (SCE) and Cloud Analysis (CLA)

• SCE is based on a multispectral threshold technique (Saunders and Kriebel, 1988) with 34 tests

• CLA provides: top pressure, top temperature, effective cloud amount, phase, type (fog, cirrus, St type, Cu type, flag for semitransparency)


215 220 225 230 235 240 245 250 255 260 265 K

Water vapour clear-sky

radiance product


MSG MPEF Upper Tropospheric Humidity (UTH)

• UTH based on clear-sky WV radiances

• Mean layer relative humidity between about 600 and 300/250 hPa for areas of about 100 km x 100 km

• Physical retrieval based on radiative model (Schmetz and Turpeinen, 1988)

• Local regression:

log(UTH/cos Θ) = a + b TWV

(Soden and Bretherton, 1993)


Global Instability Index (GII) based on two Methods

Statistical Retrieval: uses a neural network and radiosonde training dataset

Physical Retrieval: tries to retrieve an actual temperature and humidity profile

Both methods are based on the SEVIRI brightness temperatures in 6 channels (6.2 m, 7.3 m, 8.7 m, 10.8 m, 12.0 m, 13.4 m)

In prototyping with GOES-8 data 8.7 µm is replaced by 7.0 µm)


Advantages and Disadvantages

computationally fast easy to implement new indices cannot be added

without retraining training confined to a certain

region and satellite method fails to reproduce

extreme cases of instability

Statistical Method Physical Method

Sound physical foundation inclusion of further indices is

straightforward applicable to any geographic region

and any satellite computationally slow

(factor of ~50) not easy to implement


Lifted Index

• MSG Prototyping using GOES data

• Upper: Physical retrieval

• Lower: Neural network retrieval


Total Ozone Product:

left: Optimum estimation (R. Engelen, 2000)

right: MSG prototype regression algorithm (Karcher, 1998)

GOES-8 data were used (R. Engelen, 2000)

Regression noisy due to the use of the very noisy channels 1 and 2 (stratospheric and upper-tropospheric temperatures).


Atmospheric Motion VectorRetrieval

• Tracking channels – IR10.8, WV6.2, WV7.3, VIS0.6, VIS0.8– OZ9.7, IR3.9, HRVIS

• Resolution– 50 km, every 15 min., rapid scans

• Height Assignment– IR EBBT, IR/WV semitr.-corr.,CO2-ratioing, cloud base



Final AMV product

• Automatic Quality Control– Normalised Quality Indicators

• Combination of n previous intermediate fields– linear average (speed, direction, location)– linear average of corrected height

• Dissemination– Hourly– ’All’ vectors


The overall objective of a SAF is the provision of operational services, in the context of a cost-effective and synergetic balance between the central and distributed services.

The SAF services will be an integral part of the overall EUMETSAT operational services.

The overall objective of a SAF is the provision of operational services, in the context of a cost-effective and synergetic balance between the central and distributed services.

The SAF services will be an integral part of the overall EUMETSAT operational services.

The SAF Concept


Consortia for SAF Development

NWC&VSRF INM Météo France, SMHI, ZAMG

O&SI Météo France KNMI, IFREMER, DMI, DNMI, SMHI

O3M FMI KNMI, DLR, DMI, MF, LAP, HNMS, RMIB, DWD

CLM DWD RMIB, KNMI, SMHI, BSH, GKSS,

FMI, VUB

NWP Met. Office ECMWF, KNMI, Météo France

GRAS DMI UKMO, IEEC

LSA IM RMIB, MF, SMHI, IMK, BfG, IATA, FMA, ICAT, UE, UV, UB, UA

SAF Host Institute Partners


Type A Distribution of user software packages for operational applications or local data processing.

Type B Off line product services, including off line

production, archiving and distribution

Type C Real Time product services.

SAF Deliverables


GERB (Geostationary Earth Radiation Budget) Instrument

• WAVEBANDS: 0.32 µm - 4.0 µm, 0.32 µm - 30 µm

By subtraction: 4.0 µm - 30 µm

• RADIOMETRY:

Shortwave absolute accuracy: < 2.4 Wm-2 ster-1 (i.e. <1%)

Longwave absolute accuracy: < 0.4 Wm-2 ster-1 (ie <0.5%)

• PIXEL SIZE: 44.6 km x 39.3 km (NS x EW) at nadir

• CYCLE TIME: Full Earth disc, both channels in 5 min

• CO-REGISTRATION: Spatial: 3 km wrt SEVIRI at satellite sub-point


Toward the next generation of geo satellites: Post-MSG User Consultation 2001 - 2003

• Two Application Expert groups:

a) Numerical Weather prediction (NWP)

b) Nowcasting and Very Short-range Forecasting

• Two phases:

1) ESTABLISHMENT/ENDORSEMENT OF USER REQUIREMENTS (technology free)

2) SELECTION OF A LIMITED NUMBER OF MISSION CONCEPTS FOR PHASE 0/A


• GLOBAL NWP and REGIONAL NWP requirements up to 2025 as horizon

•both addressing:• Improvements in Products from NWP• Improvements in NWP Systems• Contribution of Satellite Observing Systems to Meeting Future Observational Requirements• Contribution of Geostationary Satellites

• Nowcasting and Very Short Forecasting Requirements up to 2025 as horizon (address convective and non-convective conditions)

• Start from SERVICE REQUIREMENTS (evolution up to 2025)• Identify PHENOMENA involved (where appropriate)• Identify related OBSERVABLES• REQUIREMENTS (x,y,z,t, timeliness) related to breakthrough level• Determine whether required as input to NWP• Identify CANDIDATE OBSERVING METHODS


Conclusions:

• The near future of the current Meteosat: An operational rapid scan service

• Meteosat Second Generation (MSG) launch in mid 2002

• MSG provides continuity for current Meteosat users

• Advanced capabilities and new products from MSG

• Broad basis for full utilisation through distributed Applications Ground Segment with currently seven Satellite Application Facilities

• MSG is significant upgrade of space component of Global Observing System

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GOES Users’ Conference, 22 - 24 May 2001, Boulder, CO 1 The Future of Meteosat Johannes Schmetz...

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