06/2020 – EN
Who is investing in energy efficiency, and why it matters
GOING GREEN
Go
ing
green
: wh
o is in
vesting
in en
ergy efficien
cy, and
wh
y it matters
Going green Who is investing in energy efficiency
and why it matters
June 2020
Going green: Who is investing in energy efficiency, and why it matters © European Investment Bank, 2020. All rights reserved. All questions on rights and licensing should be addressed to [email protected]. About the EIB Investment Survey (EIBIS) The EIB Group Survey on Investment and Investment Finance is a unique, annual survey of some 13 500 firms. It comprises firms in all EU Member States, as well as a sample of US firms which serves as a benchmark. It collects data on firm characteristics and performance, past investment activities and future plans, sources of finance, financing issues and other challenges that businesses face. Using a stratified sampling methodology, EIBIS is representative across all Member States of the EU and for the US, as well as for firm size classes (micro to large) and four main sectors. It is designed to build a panel of observations to support time series analysis, observations that can also be linked to firm balance sheet and profit and loss data. EIBIS has been developed and is managed by the Economics Department of the EIB, with support for development and implementation by Ipsos MORI. For more information see: http://www.eib.org/eibis. About this publication This is a report of the EIB Economics Department. The data source for this report is the EIB Investment Survey (EIBIS) 2019. Results are weighted by industry group (sector), firm size class and country. The methodology of the EIBIS survey is available at: https://www.eib.org/en/about/economic-research/surveys-data/about-eibis. Contact: [email protected] About the Economics Department of the EIB The mission of the EIB Economics Department is to provide economic analyses and studies to support the Bank in its operations and in the definition of its positioning, strategy and policy. The Department, a team of 40 economists, is headed by Debora Revoltella, Director of Economics. Main contributors to this publication Fotios Kalantzis, Konstantinos Niakaros. Disclaimer The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the position of the EIB. For further information on the EIB’s activities, please consult our website, www.eib.org. You can also contact our InfoDesk, [email protected]. Published by the European Investment Bank. Printed on FSC Paper. pdf: QH-03-20-411-EN-N ISBN 978-92-861-4712-8 DOI 10.2867/28919 eBook: QH-03-20-411-EN-E ISBN 978-92-861-4711-1 DOI 10.2867/133283
Foreword
Overview
Austria
Belgium
Bulgaria
Croatia
Cyprus
Czech Republic
Denmark
Estonia
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Ireland
Italy
Latvia
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Malta
Netherlands
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
United Kingdom
1
3
15
19
23
27
31
35
39
43
47
51
55
59
63
67
71
75
79
83
87
91
95
99
103
107
111
115
119
123
CONTENTS
Going green: Who is investing in energy efficiency, and why it matters
1
Investments in energy efficiency improvements are vital to ensure Europe’s future as a sustainable, yet prosperous economy. The benefits are enormous: these investments contribute to abating greenhouse gas emissions, improving the competitiveness of European businesses, and enhancing Europe’s energy security. This is why European leaders are placing energy efficiency at the heart of their strategy to make Europe the first climate-neutral continent by 2050.
Yet, amid the COVID-19 crisis, there is a great risk of losing sight of the benefits of energy efficiency investments by European firms, just at a time when we really must accelerate our efforts. Because of the crisis, businesses and policy-makers are prioritising short-term measures to ensure that firms survive, rather than investing for the long-term. At the same time, the collapse of global energy prices has weakened incentives for green energy investments of all kinds, including energy efficiency.
We must not lose sight of the long-term investment needs of European firms. The EIB Investment Survey (EIBIS) provides a unique source of data that highlights how more investment in energy efficiency is needed. An annual survey of some 12 000 firms from all EU countries, it provides information on investment conditions, activities and financing needs, with micro-data allowing for in-depth analysis. In this report we examine the quality of firms’ building stock, their spending on energy efficiency measures and the factors that influence their decisions regarding that investment.
In 2019, more than a third of EU firms took measures to improve energy efficiency, a slight improvement over 2018. While this is encouraging, energy efficiency is still a low priority, especially considering the potential gains for firms. On average, EU firms believe that only a third of their building stock meets high energy efficiency standards.
This is so despite the relatively high cost of energy in Europe and the fact that energy cost concerns are becoming an important determinant of firms’ investment decisions. EIBIS data reveal that both high-quality information and advanced management practices make a crucial difference in the likelihood of investment in energy efficiency. Energy audits notably play an important role in supporting energy efficiency investment decisions.
The response of the European countries and institutions to the deep recession caused by the COVID-19 pandemic has so far focused on mitigating the hopefully short-run threat to firms and jobs. Attention is turning, however, to the question of how Europe can rebuild. At a time when firms across the European economy are looking to the public sector for support, there is an excellent opportunity to combine immediate relief with action that helps ensure a competitive, prosperous and sustainable future.
FOREWORD
Going green: Who is investing in energy efficiency, and why it matters
2
If we are to achieve a carbon-neutral economy, in a timespan that will help avert catastrophic changes to the global climate, then there can be no room for complacency. Delay will only result in higher costs, more stranded assets and a more painful energy transition in the end. Unavoidably, European firms must play their part. To do this, they need clear energy policy signals, clear information and clear incentives. They need a regulatory framework that is supportive, yet also pushes for higher energy building performance standards. Lastly, it is essential to ensure that financing conditions also facilitate timely investment by firms to realise the enormous gains that can be achieved through energy efficiency improvements.
Debora Revoltella
Director, Economics Department European Investment Bank
Going green: Who is investing in energy efficiency, and why it matters
3
While the COVID-19 emergency has overshadowed other policy goals in the short term, climate change will continue to be at the top of the European Union’s political agenda for many years to come. European leaders want to make Europe the first climate-neutral continent by 2050, while ensuring a just transition to a less CO2-intensive energy mix for those for whom this change will be the most difficult. To achieve this, a long-term EU low carbon strategy is under development, based on the European Commission’s “A Clean Planet for All” strategy, published in November 2018. The new strategy will almost certainly envisage a role for all actors, including firms in all sectors of the economy, in the transition towards climate neutrality – among other things, by investing in energy-saving technologies.
Energy efficiency is a key pillar of the European Union’s long-term strategic vision for a prosperous, modern, competitive and climate-neutral economy. It holds the combined potential of increasing firms’ competitiveness, enhancing energy security and abating greenhouse gas emissions. With structurally higher energy prices in Europe1, EU firms have been traditionally facing growing incentives to invest in energy efficiency measures to control energy costs and remain competitive in the globalised business environment. Energy costs can affect firms’ investment decisions and their financial performance in a number of ways, given that energy serves as one of the key inputs to production processes of goods and services.
In early 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic might prove to be a game changer in clean energy investment decisions. The global recession will be deeper than the ones that followed the 2008 global financial crisis and the Great Depression in the 1930s. In parallel, global energy and commodity prices are collapsing, weakening the incentives for clean energy investments, including those in energy efficiency. In this context, a better understanding of firms’ investment decisions in energy efficiency measures and their key determinants is necessary to design appropriate policy actions and maintain the momentum for climate action.
This chapter provides a brief overview of firms’ investments in energy efficiency measures and the role of various factors in their decisions, based on the EIB Investment Survey (EIBIS). The EIBIS has been conducted annually since 2016 and includes interviews with some 12 000 firms from all EU countries, size classes and main sectors, offering qualitative and quantitative information about their investment activities, their financing needs and the difficulties they face. This chapter examines and discusses the answers given by firms concerning their spending on energy efficiency measures, the quality of their building stock, and the role of various factors in their energy efficiency investment decisions. These answers are compared across countries, sectors and firm sizes to identify areas for potential improvement and target setting.
1 European Commission, Communication "Energy prices and costs in Europe", COM (2019) 1 final.
OVERVIEW
Going green: Who is investing in energy efficiency, and why it matters
4
Energy efficiency investments are a low priority for EU firms
In 2019, more than 40% of EU firms took measures to improve energy efficiency, showing an increase over 2018 results. Slovakia displayed the highest percentage of firms investing in energy efficiency, with 61% of firms investing in those activities. Spain, the Czech Republic, Austria, Slovenia, Portugal and Sweden followed. These seven EU countries showed a greater share of firms investing in energy efficiency than in the United States, where 47% of firms invested in energy efficiency. By contrast, Lithuania, Estonia, Greece, Romania and France were at the other end of the spectrum, a ranking almost unchanged from the previous year.
Figure 1: Share of firms investing in energy efficiency measures (%)
Source: EIBIS
Base: All firms (data not shown for those who said don’t know/refused) Q: What proportion of the total investment was primarily for measures to improve energy efficiency in your
organisation?
The share of firms investing in energy efficiency appears to be positively associated with the energy intensity and size of firms. In particular, manufacturing, the most energy-intensive sector, presented the highest share of firms investing in energy efficiency (43% in 2019), followed by infrastructure (37%) and services (30%). The construction sector displayed the lowest share of firms investing in energy efficiency with 25%. Finally, large firms were twice as likely to invest in energy efficiency than SMEs.
Going green: Who is investing in energy efficiency, and why it matters
5
The untapped potential of energy savings is high, as EU firms consider their building stock of relatively low quality
In 2019, EU firms reported a third of their commercial building stock to be of high or highest energy efficiency standards, higher than in the United States Figure 2). Still, since 2016, the firms’ perceptions of the quality of their building stock has deteriorated. This seems to suggest that most of Europe’s existing building stock may not yet meet recently-adopted energy performance requirements in the Energy Performance Directive and the Energy Efficiency Directive and that we are still to witness the improvement of the stock as it is brought up to the new standards.
The opinion of firms on the quality of their building stock varies considerably across countries and regions. Firms located in the south of Europe – notably in Greece, Cyprus and Spain – believe that more than 50% of their building stock satisfies high or highest energy efficiency standards, almost four times more than firms in Lithuania, which say that only 16% of their building stock is energy-efficient. Firms in the Baltics have the most pessimistic views about the quality of their building stock than any other EU region. Part of the cross-country differences could be explained by differences in culture, expectations, technical information and environmental objectives. These factors affect firms’ beliefs on building stock performance when assessing various aspects, such as thermal comfort, air quality, activity noise, light quality and environmental control.2
Figure 2: Building stock of high or highest energy efficiency standards (%)
Source: EIBIS Base: All firms (data not shown for those who said don’t know/refused) Q: What proportion, if any, of your commercial building stock satisfies high or highest energy efficiency standards?
2 Notably, there is a strong correlation between firms’ perceptions of their buildings’ energy efficiency standards, and their perception of whether their machinery and equipment is “state-of-the-art”.
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Lithu
ania
Pola
nd
Esto
nia
Fran
ce
Finl
and
UK
Denm
ark
Czec
h Re
publ
ic
Swed
en
Port
ugal
Luxe
mbo
urg
Rom
ania
Latv
ia
USA
Italy EU
Irela
nd
Belg
ium
Hung
ary
Slov
enia
Bulg
aria
Mal
ta
Neth
erla
nds
Slov
akia
Croa
tia
Germ
any
Spai
n
Aust
ria
Cypr
us
Gree
ce
Cons
truc
tion
Man
ufac
turin
g
Infra
stru
ctur
e
Serv
ices
SME
Larg
e
Country Sector Size
2019 2016
Going green: Who is investing in energy efficiency, and why it matters
6
Differences are observed between sectors, but they are relatively small. Across sectors, EU firms in the services sector believed that 40% of their buildings satisfied higher energy efficiency standards (Figure 2). In the construction sector, this figure is lower (35%). On a positive note, the perception by firms in the construction sector about the quality of their buildings has improved over the last three years. By contrast, EIBIS data show that firms in the infrastructure and manufacturing sectors became more pessimistic about their buildings’ quality. It is possible that these perceptions may be driven by the average age of existing buildings and the share of new buildings in the total stock of firms. This means that the higher the share of recent dwellings built with more efficient standards, the higher the perceived energy performance of the stock. In 2019, SMEs and large firms had similar opinions about the quality of their building’s stock.
The share of energy efficiency improvements in total investments by firms is approximately the same on both sides of the Atlantic
In 2019, European firms spent 10% of their total investment on energy efficiency improvements, whereas this proportion for US firms was 12% (Figure 3). The good news is that both the share of EU firms that invested in energy efficiency measures, as well as their spending on such measures, increased between 2018 and 2019.
Figure 3: Share of firms’ total investment in measures to improve energy efficiency (%)
Source: EIBIS Base: All firms (data not shown for those who said don’t know/refused) Q: What proportion of the total investment was primarily for measures to improve energy efficiency in your
organisation?
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
UK
Esto
nia
Irel
and
Cypr
us
Lith
uani
a
Pola
nd
Den
mar
k
Belg
ium
Net
herla
nds
Finl
and
Rom
ania
Gre
ece
Fran
ce
Croa
tia
Ital
y
EU
Czec
h Re
publ
ic
Hun
gary
Port
ugal
Ger
man
y
USA
Luxe
mbo
urg
Mal
ta
Spai
n
Latv
ia
Slov
enia
Aus
tria
Swed
en
Slov
akia
Bulg
aria
Cons
truc
tion
Serv
ices
Man
ufac
turi
ng
Infr
astr
uctu
re
SME
Larg
e
Country Sector Size
2019 2018
Going green: Who is investing in energy efficiency, and why it matters
7
Spending on energy efficiency improvements is higher in energy-intensive sectors and larger firms, in which energy is a significant cost determinant. In 2019, firms in the infrastructure and manufacturing sectors (which are relatively energy-intensive) spent 13% and 10%, respectively, of their total investment budget on measures to improve their energy savings. By contrast, firms in the services sector and the construction sector spent less, 9% and 7.5% respectively, of their total investment budget. Similarly, the share of energy efficiency-related investment expenditure is higher for larger firms compared to smaller firms.
The share of firms’ total investment budget that goes to energy efficiency improvements varies widely across EU members. In 2019, firms in Bulgaria spent more on energy efficiency projects (16%) than firms in any other EU country and especially those in the United Kingdom, which invested only 5% of their investment budget. Firms’ spending in each country varied significantly between 2018 and 2019, possibly affected by the fact that energy efficiency investments are non-recurring investments. Generally, firms in some Southern and Eastern European countries spend relatively more on energy efficiency improvements than in other European regions, particularly the Baltics.
Firms’ awareness of energy efficiency benefits is critical for the uptake of energy efficiency measures
In 2019, the share of firms investing in energy efficiency measures was considerably higher for firms with an energy audit. On average, three in five firms that carried out an energy audit also invested in energy efficiency. The relationship between energy efficiency investments and energy audits is more pronounced in large3 firms (74%) and those that operate in the infrastructure and manufacturing sectors (around 60% for both). The crucial role of energy audits in overcoming the information barriers to energy efficiency investments is also apparent when assessing firms’ investment decisions without an energy audit (Figure 4). These firms appear to invest substantially in areas other than energy efficiency, possibly because they fail to understand the potential direct and indirect benefits of energy-saving technologies.
3 According to Article 8 of the Energy Efficiency Directive (EED 2012/27/EC), energy audits are mandatory for large firms in the EU. However, various Member States apply different criteria for granting derogations from the rule, such as annual energy consumption, share of energy costs in sales, level of sales, assets, application of an energy management system, etc.
Going green: Who is investing in energy efficiency, and why it matters
8
Figure 4: Share of firms investing in energy efficiency, with and without an energy audit (%)
Source: EIBIS Base: All firms (data not shown for those who said no/don’t know/refused) Q: Can I check, in the past three years has your company had an energy audit? By this I mean an assessment of the
energy needs and efficiency of your company’s building or buildings.
Over 2017-2019, two-fifths of European firms had an energy audit, compared to a third in the United States (Figure 5). Energy audits help firms to assess their energy consumption, understand their potential for energy savings and adopt measures (investments or behavioural changes) to improve energy performance. Their objective is to provide tailor-made recommendations and help to overcome the information gap, one of the main barriers to energy efficiency investments. This information is crucial mainly for investments in support processes, such as building insulation, lighting, ventilation and compressed air production.
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100N
o Au
dit
Audi
t
No
Audi
t
Audi
t
No
Audi
t
Audi
t
No
Audi
t
Audi
t
No
Audi
t
Audi
t
No
Audi
t
Audi
t
No
Audi
t
Audi
t
No
Audi
t
Audi
t
No
Audi
t
Audi
t
Total Large SME Construction Infrastructure Manufacturing Services Non EnergyIntensive
EnergyIntensive
Invested also in EE Invested but not in EE
Going green: Who is investing in energy efficiency, and why it matters
9
Figure 5: Share of energy audits (%) in the past three years
Source: EIBIS Base: All firms (data not shown for those who said no/don’t know/refused) Q: Can I check, in the past three years has your company had an energy audit? By this I mean an assessment of the
energy needs and efficiency of your company’s building or buildings.
Energy audits tends to be more frequent in larger firms and energy-intensive sectors across the EU members. In 2019, almost two-thirds (60%) of large firms conducted an energy audit. This share dropped from two-fifths (40%) in medium-sized firms to 22% in small firms. Firms in the manufacturing sector were keener to conduct an energy audit. Across the EU members, the implementation rate varied, with most of the countries displaying participation rates above 40%, except Estonia, Bulgaria and Luxembourg, which present rates between 20-30%. On average, firms’ participation rate in energy audits was higher in Central Europe than in the south and in the Baltics.
Advanced management practices also appear to be positively associated with energy efficiency investments. Firms that have more advanced managerial practices (strategic business monitoring system in place and/or a performance-based pay practice) have a higher probability of investing in energy efficiency versus firms with more basic managerial practices (Figure 6). This observation recurs in all EU countries, the EU as a whole and the United States.
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70Es
toni
a
Luxe
mbo
urg
Mal
ta
Bulg
aria
Irel
and
USA
Slov
enia
Rom
ania
Belg
ium
Ital
y
Slov
akia
Lith
uani
a
Net
herla
nds
Fran
ce UK
EU
Gre
ece
Den
mar
k
Latv
ia
Spai
n
Cypr
us
Port
ugal
Aus
tria
Ger
man
y
Finl
and
Swed
en
Pola
nd
Hun
gary
Czec
h Re
publ
ic
Croa
tia
Cons
truc
tion
Infr
astr
uctu
re
Serv
ices
Man
ufac
turi
ng
SME
Larg
e
Country Sector Size
2019 2017
Going green: Who is investing in energy efficiency, and why it matters
10
Figure 6: Differences in the probability that firms with advanced managerial practices invest in energy efficiency (%)
Source: EIBIS Note: Firms with advanced management practices are those that use performance pay and/or a strategic monitoring system.
Energy cost concerns are becoming an important determinant of EU firms’ investment decisions
In 2019, almost a third of European firms report energy costs as a major obstacle to investment compared to roughly a tenth in the United States. While this figure may not sound so high compared to other cited obstacles (Figure 9), such as availability of skilled staff, access to finance and critical infrastructure, it does reflect a significant change in firms’ perspectives, given that it grew steadily from roughly a fifth in 2016. In the United States, energy cost concerns seem to be less of an obstacle for investment activities, probably because shale gas causes downward pressure on domestic energy prices (Figure 7).
The role of energy cost in firms’ investment decisions differs considerably across EU members and sectors. In 2019, the share of firms that reported energy cost as a major obstacle to investment ranged from 6% in Denmark to 56% in Latvia. Geographically, this share is higher in southern countries (Italy, Greece, Spain, Portugal, Cyprus) compared to Scandinavian countries (Denmark, Finland, Sweden) and is positively correlated with the presence of higher electricity prices (Figure 8). Firms located in the south of Europe have experienced higher energy costs, despite the falling oil prices, due to higher taxes and levies aimed at supporting the deployment of renewables. Differences are also present across sectors, with firms in energy-intensive sectors, such as manufacturing, being more concerned about energy costs compared to less energy-intensive ones, such as services (Figure 7).
Going green: Who is investing in energy efficiency, and why it matters
11
Figure 7: Energy costs as major obstacle to investment (%)
Source: EIBIS Base: All firms (data not shown for those who said a minor obstacle/not an obstacle at all/don’t know/refused) Q: Thinking about your investment activities, to what extent are energy costs an obstacle? Are they a major obstacle,
a minor obstacle or not an obstacle at all?
Figure 8: Energy costs as an obstacle to investment and electricity prices
Source: EIBIS and Eurostat Note: Average share of firms that cited energy cost as a major barrier to investment and electricity prices over 2016-19. Base: All firms (data not shown for those who said a minor obstacle/not an obstacle at all/don’t know/refused) Q: Thinking about your investment activities, to what extent are energy costs an obstacle? Are they a major obstacle,
a minor obstacle or not an obstacle at all?
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70De
nmar
k
Finl
and
Neth
erla
nds
Luxe
mbo
urg
USA
Esto
nia
Swed
en
Mal
ta
Fran
ce
Hung
ary
UK
Lithu
ania
Czec
h Re
publ
ic
Irela
nd
Belg
ium
Aust
ria EU
Germ
any
Slov
enia
Slov
akia
Italy
Bulg
aria
Gree
ce
Croa
tia
Rom
ania
Spai
n
Port
ugal
Pola
nd
Cypr
us
Latv
ia
Cons
truc
tion
Serv
ices
Infra
stru
ctur
e
Man
ufac
turin
g
SME
Larg
e
Country Sector Size
2019 2016
NL
FIDK
SELU
HU
CZ EE FR
UK
LT
AT
MT
SI
IEEU
BE
RO
SK
DE
BG
HR
PL
IT EL ES PT
CY
LV
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Elec
tric
ity P
rices
(€ P
PP/M
Wh)
Share of firms (%)
Going green: Who is investing in energy efficiency, and why it matters
12
At the same time, higher energy cost concerns act as an economic incentive for investments into energy efficiency. Regardless of firm size and sector, investments in energy-saving technologies are higher where energy is considered an important cost factor (Figure 9). These firms tend to be more aware of the potential cost savings from investments in energy efficiency and are more inclined to invest in cost-saving technologies. On the contrary, there seems to be no significant difference between investment decisions in energy efficiency and other investment areas of other long-term barriers, such as access to finance, availability of skilled staff, business regulation and uncertainty about the future.
Figure 9: Long-term barriers to investment
Source: EIBIS Base: All firms (data not shown for those who said a minor obstacle/not an obstacle at all/don’t know/refused) Q: Thinking about your investment activities, to what extent are energy costs an obstacle? Are they a major obstacle,
a minor obstacle or not an obstacle at all?
Going green: Who is investing in energy efficiency, and why it matters
13
Conclusions: The European Union’s “energy efficiency first” principle and ambitious greenhouse gas emission reduction targets leave no room for complacency
EIBIS shows that energy costs are emerging as a significant concern for investment activities of European firms, especially for those located in South Europe. This is less of an issue for US firms, thanks to domestic shale gas that exerts downward pressure on energy prices. To offset the effect of higher taxes and levies, and retain their competitiveness, EU firms must become more energy-efficient, meaning that they must use less energy per unit of production. Nevertheless, EIBIS data show that only half of EU firms invest in energy efficiency measures and that this accounts for only a small share of their total investment budget. Given that they believe that only a third of their building stock satisfies the highest energy efficiency standards, on average, there is clearly great potential for further energy efficiency savings.
The good news for Europe is that between 2018 and 2019 average spending on energy efficiency measures, as a share of total investment of EU firms, slightly increased. In 2019, firms in South and North-West Europe, and those in energy-intensive sectors across Europe, appear to have invested more, displaying significant variation from the previous year, as such investments are non-recurring. Most of these investments were probably driven by the age of the building stock, the importance of energy costs in the production of goods and services and the availability of information on technology options and their related energy cost savings. Energy audits play a crucial role in this, as they highlight opportunity from energy efficiency and from advanced management practices such as strategic business monitoring systems and pay-for-performance practices. However, EIBIS reveals that less than a third of SMEs have conducted an energy audit in the past three years, particularly in the Baltics – the region where firms have the most negative perceptions about their building stock’s quality.
However, the unprecedented impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic threaten positive developments for energy efficiency investments in the European Union. The COVID-19 pandemic and climate investments are closely interlinked: as the pandemic seriously affects economies and dampens global energy commodity and carbon prices, it weakens the incentives to invest, among others, in cost-saving technologies. The European Union is struggling to mitigate the extent of the planned recession and the rising unemployment rates. Governments are responding with monetary and fiscal measures. At a time when a large portion of the economy is looking to the public sector for support, this is an excellent opportunity to ensure that the relief for current, acute strains on the economy comes with guarantees about building a secure and sustainable energy future.
There is no room for complacency if Europe is serious about moving towards a carbon-neutral economy, given that delayed actions will result in higher costs and emissions and overall lower or negative economic growth. To incentivise firms to play their part in energy conservation and equip them to adapt to a changing economy, efforts to provide clear energy policy signals should continue, along with a supportive regulatory framework and improved access to climate finance and information. Clear policies and exchange of best practices would
Going green: Who is investing in energy efficiency, and why it matters
14
enable firms to roll out strategies and investment plans in line with the commitment of the Paris Agreement. Regulations that push for higher energy building performance standards and phase out environmentally harmful subsidies to fossil fuels could indirectly influence investments and individual behaviour, as well as steer production and consumption towards a sustainable path. Last but not least, improved access to finance and favourable financing conditions for climate investments would help firms to achieve a just energy transformation, without affecting their competitiveness.
Going green: Who is investing in energy efficiency, and why it matters
15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
EnergyIntensive
Non EnergyIntensive
EnergyIntensive
Non EnergyIntensive
EnergyIntensive
Non EnergyIntensive
Austria EU US
19
40
41
81
Invested Not InvestedInvested also in EE Invested but not in EE
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
Austria EU US Construction Infrastructure Manufacturing Services SME Large
Country Sector Size
2019 2018
Summary
Energy efficiency (EE) investment
A. Share of firms investing in EE and other areas (%)
B. Share of firms investing in EE (%), by energy intensity
Q: What proportion of the total investment was for EE improvements or/and other areas in your organisation? Base: all firms Note: Investment decision is a binary variable that takes the value of one when firms surveyed have invested and 0 otherwise Note: Sectors are divided in energy intensive and non-energy intensive using clustering analysis. Energy intensive sectors are the following (using 2-digit NACE codes): 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 19, 20, 22, 23, 24, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 49, 50, 51 C. Proportion of firms’ total investment for measures to improve EE (%)
Q: What proportion of the total investment was primarily for measures to improve energy efficiency in your organisation? Base: All firms which have invested (data not shown for those who said don’t know/refused)
AUSTRIA – ENERGY EFFICIENCY
• Half of firms that invest in Austria, also invest in EE (40% of all firms). This share jumps to 65% for the energy intensive sectors.
• Firms in Austria allocate 14% of their total investment in EE improvements, more than the EU and the US average. This proportion is higher in energy intensive sectors.
• Firms in Austria report half of their building stock to be of high or highest energy efficiency (EE) standards, a share significantly above that of EU and US counterparts (two fifths and a third, respectively).
• Almost two thirds of the firms surveyed in Austria with an energy audit invest in EE improvements.
• Almost half of the firms surveyed in Austria had an energy audit in the past three years, compared to two fifths in the EU and a third in the US. The implementation rate of energy audits increases with size and is particularly high in energy intensive sectors.
• Firms in Austria are more likely to invest in EE improvements when they implement advanced management practices.
• Firms that are more affected by energy costs are more likely to invest in EE improvements.
Going green: Who is investing in energy efficiency, and why it matters
16
64
36
With an Audit
Invested also in EEInvested but not in EE
38
62
Without an Audit
Invested also in EEInvested but not in EE
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Austria EU US Construction Infrastructure Manufacturing Services SME Large
Country Sector Size
2019 2017
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Austria EU US Construction Infrastructure Manufacturing Services SME Large
Country Sector Size
2019 2016
D. Perceived share of building stock of high or highest energy efficiency standards (%)
Q: What proportion, if any, of your commercial building stock satisfies high or highest energy efficiency standards? Base: All firms (data not shown for those who said don’t know/refused) Factors affecting Energy efficiency (EE) investments
A. Energy audits and energy-efficiency investment decisions Q: Can I check, in the past three years has your company had an energy audit? By this I mean an assessment of the energy needs and efficiency of your company’s building or buildings. Base: All firms which have invested (data not shown for those who said don’t know/refused) A1. Share of firms with an energy audit in the past three years (%)
Base: All firms (data not shown for those who said no/don’t know/refused)
AUSTRIA – ENERGY EFFICIENCY
Going green: Who is investing in energy efficiency, and why it matters
17
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Energy Intensive Non Energy Intensive Energy Intensive Non Energy Intensive Energy Intensive Non Energy Intensive
Austria EU US
Energy costsBusiness
regulationsUncertainty about
the futureAvailability of skilled staff
Availability of finance
Non Energy Intensive
Energy Intensive
Construction
Infrastructure
Manufacturing
Services
SME
Large
Total
81
78
78
75
76
66
73
77
75
32
49
29
39
45
28
38
33
35
46
45
38
48
46
43
43
47
45
14
15
7
18
16
11
12
17
15
31
25
18
25
33
30
26
30
28
72
53
76
72
61
69
71
65
68
9
17
8
9
19
10
11
12
11
27
27
27
26
16
33
27
23
25
12
7
11
7
6
18
12
8
10
22
23
16
26
32
20
21
35
28
Invested also in EE Invested but not in EE
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Austria
Czech Republic
Hungary
Luxembourg
France
Estonia
Greece
United Kingdom
Denmark
Finland
USA
Germany
Croatia
Portugal
Sweden
Poland
EU Latvia
Lithuania
Ireland
Netherlands
Romania
Belgium
Slovakia
Spain
Slovenia
Bulgaria
Italy
Cyprus
A2. Share of firms with an energy audit in the past three years (%), by energy intensity
Q: Can I check, in the past three years has your company had an energy audit? By this I mean an assessment of the energy needs and efficiency of your company’s building or buildings. Base: All firms (data not shown for those who said no/don’t know/refused) B. Difference in the probability of investing in EE by firms with advanced managerial practices (%)
Note: Firms with advanced management practices are those that have a pay performance practice and/or a strategic monitoring system
C. Long term barriers to investment
Q: Thinking about your investment activities, to what extent are the above-mentioned an obstacle? Is a major obstacle, a minor obstacle or not an obstacle at all? Base: All firms (data not shown for those who said a minor obstacle/not an obstacle at all/don’t know/refused)
AUSTRIA – ENERGY EFFICIENCY AUSTRIA – ENERGY EFFICIENCY
Going green: Who is investing in energy efficiency, and why it matters
18
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Austria EU US Construction Infrastructure Manufacturing Services SME Large
Country Sector Size
2019 2016
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
Energy Intensive Non Energy Intensive Energy Intensive Non Energy Intensive Energy Intensive Non Energy Intensive
Austria EU US
D. Energy costs as major obstacle to investment (%) Q: Thinking about your investment activities, to what extent are energy costs an obstacle? Is a major obstacle, a minor obstacle or not an obstacle at all? Base: All firms (data not shown for those who said a minor obstacle/not an obstacle at all/don’t know/refused) D1. Energy costs as major obstacle to investment (%), by energy intensity Base: All firms (data not shown for those who said a minor obstacle/not an obstacle at all/don’t know/refused)
AUSTRIA – ENERGY EFFICIENCY AUSTRIA – ENERGY EFFICIENCY
Going green: Who is investing in energy efficiency, and why it matters
19
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
EnergyIntensive
Non EnergyIntensive
EnergyIntensive
Non EnergyIntensive
EnergyIntensive
Non EnergyIntensive
Belgium EU US
9
36
55
91
Invested Not InvestedInvested also in EE Invested but not in EE
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Belgium EU US Construction Infrastructure Manufacturing Services SME Large
Country Sector Size
2019 2018
Summary
Energy efficiency (EE) investment
A. Share of firms investing in EE and other areas (%)
B. Share of firms investing in EE (%), by energy intensity
Q: What proportion of the total investment was for EE improvements or/and other areas in your organisation? Base: all firms Note: Investment decision is a binary variable that takes the value of one when firms surveyed have invested and 0 otherwise Note: Sectors are divided in energy intensive and non-energy intensive using clustering analysis. Energy intensive sectors are the following (using 2-digit NACE codes): 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 19, 20, 22, 23, 24, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 49, 50, 51 C. Proportion of firms’ total investment for measures to improve EE (%)
Q: What proportion of the total investment was primarily for measures to improve energy efficiency in your organisation? Base: All firms which have invested (data not shown for those who said don’t know/refused)
BELGIUM – ENERGY EFFICIENCY
• Two fifths of firms that invest in Belgium, also invest in EE (36% of all firms). This share jumps to 55% for the energy intensive sectors.
• Firms in Belgium allocate approximately 7% of their total investment in EE improvements, less than the EU and the US average. This proportion is higher in energy intensive sectors, such as manufacturing and infrastructure.
• Firms in Belgium report roughly 35% of their building stock to be of high or highest energy efficiency (EE) standards, compared to two fifths in the EU and a third in the US.
• Almost two thirds of the firms surveyed in Belgium with an energy audit invest in EE improvements.
• Almost 35% of the firms surveyed in Belgium had an energy audit in the past three years, compared to two fifths in the EU and a third in the US. The implementation rate of energy audits increases with size and is particularly high in energy intensive sectors.
• Firms in Belgium are more likely to invest in EE improvements when they implement advanced management practices.
• Firms that are more affected by energy costs are more likely to invest in EE improvements. This is the only barrier to investment that is perceived differently between firms that invested also in EE and those that did not.
Going green: Who is investing in energy efficiency, and why it matters
20
61
39
With an Audit
Invested also in EEInvested but not in EE
29
71
Without an Audit
Invested also in EEInvested but not in EE
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Belgium EU US Construction Infrastructure Manufacturing Services SME Large
Country Sector Size
2019 2017
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
Belgium EU US Construction Infrastructure Manufacturing Services SME Large
Country Sector Size
2019 2016
D. Perceived share of building stock of high or highest energy efficiency standards (%)
Q: What proportion, if any, of your commercial building stock satisfies high or highest energy efficiency standards? Base: All firms (data not shown for those who said don’t know/refused) Factors affecting Energy efficiency (EE) investments
A. Energy audits and energy-efficiency investment decisions Q: Can I check, in the past three years has your company had an energy audit? By this I mean an assessment of the energy needs and efficiency of your company’s building or buildings. Base: All firms which have invested (data not shown for those who said don’t know/refused) A1. Share of firms with an energy audit in the past three years (%)
Base: All firms (data not shown for those who said no/don’t know/refused)
BELGIUM – ENERGY EFFICIENCY
Going green: Who is investing in energy efficiency, and why it matters
21
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
Energy Intensive Non Energy Intensive Energy Intensive Non Energy Intensive Energy Intensive Non Energy Intensive
Belgium EU US
Energy costsBusiness
regulationsUncertainty about
the futureAvailability of skilled staff
Availability of finance
Non Energy Intensive
Energy Intensive
Construction
Infrastructure
Manufacturing
Services
SME
Large
Total
56
62
67
60
65
48
61
56
58
28
49
27
40
43
34
39
30
34
23
29
20
29
23
26
25
22
24
17
16
20
21
16
12
16
19
17
27
35
27
29
33
24
28
33
31
57
71
64
63
61
51
61
48
55
18
33
19
26
21
19
22
16
19
28
29
27
23
25
39
30
16
23
17
14
22
18
10
17
17
12
15
31
27
31
25
27
39
31
24
27
Invested also in EE Invested but not in EE
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Austria
Czech Republic
Hungary
Luxembourg
France
Estonia
Greece
United Kingdom
Denmark
Finland
USA
Germany
Croatia
Portugal
Sweden
Poland
EU Latvia
Lithuania
Ireland
Netherlands
Romania
Belgium
Slovakia
Spain
Slovenia
Bulgaria
Italy
Cyprus A2. Share of firms with an energy audit in the past three years (%), by energy intensity
Q: Can I check, in the past three years has your company had an energy audit? By this I mean an assessment of the energy needs and efficiency of your company’s building or buildings. Base: All firms (data not shown for those who said no/don’t know/refused) B. Difference in the probability of investing in EE by firms with advanced managerial practices (%)
Note: Firms with advanced management practices are those that have a pay performance practice and/or a strategic monitoring system
C. Long term barriers to investment
Q: Thinking about your investment activities, to what extent are the above-mentioned an obstacle? Is a major obstacle, a minor obstacle or not an obstacle at all? Base: All firms (data not shown for those who said a minor obstacle/not an obstacle at all/don’t know/refused)
BELGIUM – ENERGY EFFICIENCY BELGIUM – ENERGY EFFICIENCY
Going green: Who is investing in energy efficiency, and why it matters
22
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Belgium EU US Construction Infrastructure Manufacturing Services SME Large
Country Sector Size
2019 2016
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
Energy Intensive Non Energy Intensive Energy Intensive Non Energy Intensive Energy Intensive Non Energy Intensive
Belgium EU US
D. Energy costs as major obstacle to investment (%) Q: Thinking about your investment activities, to what extent are energy costs an obstacle? Is a major obstacle, a minor obstacle or not an obstacle at all? Base: All firms (data not shown for those who said a minor obstacle/not an obstacle at all/don’t know/refused) D1. Energy costs as major obstacle to investment (%), by energy intensity Base: All firms (data not shown for those who said a minor obstacle/not an obstacle at all/don’t know/refused)
BELGIUM – ENERGY EFFICIENCY
Going green: Who is investing in energy efficiency, and why it matters
23
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
EnergyIntensive
Non EnergyIntensive
EnergyIntensive
Non EnergyIntensive
EnergyIntensive
Non EnergyIntensive
Bulgaria EU US
17
35
48
83
Invested Not InvestedInvested also in EE Invested but not in EE
0
5
10
15
20
25
Bulgaria EU US Construction Infrastructure Manufacturing Services SME Large
Country Sector Size
2019 2018
Summary Energy efficiency (EE) investment
A. Share of firms investing in EE and other areas (%)
B. Share of firms investing in EE (%), by energy intensity
Q: What proportion of the total investment was for EE improvements or/and other areas in your organisation? Base: all firms Note: Investment decision is a binary variable that takes the value of one when firms surveyed have invested and 0 otherwise Note: Sectors are divided in energy intensive and non-energy intensive using clustering analysis. Energy intensive sectors are the following (using 2-digit NACE codes): 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 19, 20, 22, 23, 24, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 49, 50, 51 C. Proportion of firms’ total investment for measures to improve EE (%)
Q: What proportion of the total investment was primarily for measures to improve energy efficiency in your organisation? Base: All firms which have invested (data not shown for those who said don’t know/refused)
BULGARIA – ENERGY EFFICIENCY
• Two fifths of firms that invest in Bulgaria, also invest in EE (35% of all firms). This share rises to 48% for the energy intensive sectors.
• Firms in Bulgaria allocate more than 16% of their total investment in EE improvements, more than the EU and the US average. This proportion is higher in energy intensive sectors such as manufacturing and infrastructure.
• Firms in Bulgaria report two fifths of their building stock to be of high or highest energy efficiency (EE) standards, similar to the EU average and higher than that of the US.
• Two thirds of the firms surveyed in Bulgaria with an energy audit invest in EE improvements.
• Less than a third of the firms surveyed in Bulgaria had an energy audit in the past three years, compared to two fifths in the EU and a third in the US. The implementation rate of energy audits increases with size and is particularly high in energy intensive sectors.
• Firms in Bulgaria are more likely to invest in EE improvements when they implement advanced management practices.
Going green: Who is investing in energy efficiency, and why it matters
24
64
36
With an Audit
Invested also in EEInvested but not in EE
35
65
Without an Audit
Invested also in EEInvested but not in EE
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Bulgaria EU US Construction Infrastructure Manufacturing Services SME Large
Country Sector Size
2019 2017
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
Bulgaria EU US Construction Infrastructure Manufacturing Services SME Large
Country Sector Size
2019 2016
D. Perceived share of building stock of high or highest energy efficiency standards (%)
Q: What proportion, if any, of your commercial building stock satisfies high or highest energy efficiency standards? Base: All firms (data not shown for those who said don’t know/refused) Factors affecting Energy efficiency (EE) investments
A. Energy audits and energy-efficiency investment decisions Q: Can I check, in the past three years has your company had an energy audit? By this I mean an assessment of the energy needs and efficiency of your company’s building or buildings. Base: All firms which have invested (data not shown for those who said don’t know/refused) A1. Share of firms with an energy audit in the past three years (%)
Base: All firms (data not shown for those who said no/don’t know/refused)
BULGARIA – ENERGY EFFICIENCY
Going green: Who is investing in energy efficiency, and why it matters
25
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
Energy Intensive Non Energy Intensive Energy Intensive Non Energy Intensive Energy Intensive Non Energy Intensive
Bulgaria EU US
Energy costsBusiness
regulationsUncertainty about
the futureAvailability of skilled staff
Availability of finance
Non Energy Intensive
Energy Intensive
Construction
Infrastructure
Manufacturing
Services
SME
Large
Total
70
65
69
64
68
59
67
60
64
22
43
11
36
37
31
28
36
32
37
10
33
11
24
33
25
26
25
13
17
18
26
11
14
17
13
15
40
35
44
45
41
41
45
34
40
68
73
68
70
70
68
69
65
67
25
40
15
26
43
36
28
39
33
39
38
36
30
45
46
40
30
35
15
25
24
21
21
6
18
17
18
40
49
46
33
55
34
43
35
39
Invested also in EE Invested but not in EE
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Austria
Czech Republic
Hungary
Luxembourg
France
Estonia
Greece
United Kingdom
Denmark
Finland
USA
Germany
Croatia
Portugal
Sweden
Poland
EU Latvia
Lithuania
Ireland
Netherlands
Romania
Belgium
Slovakia
Spain
Slovenia
Bulgaria
Italy
Cyprus
A2. Share of firms with an energy audit in the past three years (%), by energy intensity
Q: Can I check, in the past three years has your company had an energy audit? By this I mean an assessment of the energy needs and efficiency of your company’s building or buildings. Base: All firms (data not shown for those who said no/don’t know/refused) B. Difference in the probability of investing in EE by firms with advanced managerial practices (%)
Note: Firms with advanced management practices are those that have a pay performance practice and/or a strategic monitoring system
C. Long term barriers to investment
Q: Thinking about your investment activities, to what extent are the above-mentioned an obstacle? Is a major obstacle, a minor obstacle or not an obstacle at all? Base: All firms (data not shown for those who said a minor obstacle/not an obstacle at all/don’t know/refused)
BULGARIA – ENERGY EFFICIENCY
Going green: Who is investing in energy efficiency, and why it matters
26
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
Bulgaria EU US Construction Infrastructure Manufacturing Services SME Large
Country Sector Size
2019 2016
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
Energy Intensive Non Energy Intensive Energy Intensive Non Energy Intensive Energy Intensive Non Energy Intensive
Bulgaria EU US
D. Energy costs as major obstacle to investment (%) Q: Thinking about your investment activities, to what extent are energy costs an obstacle? Is a major obstacle, a minor obstacle or not an obstacle at all? Base: All firms (data not shown for those who said a minor obstacle/not an obstacle at all/don’t know/refused) D1. Energy costs as major obstacle to investment (%), by energy intensity Base: All firms (data not shown for those who said a minor obstacle/not an obstacle at all/don’t know/refused)
BULGARIA – ENERGY EFFICIENCY
Going green: Who is investing in energy efficiency, and why it matters
27
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
EnergyIntensive
Non EnergyIntensive
EnergyIntensive
Non EnergyIntensive
EnergyIntensive
Non EnergyIntensive
Croatia EU US
6
39
54
93
Invested Not InvestedInvested also in EE Invested but not in EE
0
5
10
15
20
25
Croatia EU US Construction Infrastructure Manufacturing Services SME Large
Country Sector Size
2019 2018
Summary Energy efficiency (EE) investment
A. Share of firms investing in EE and other areas (%)
B. Share of firms investing in EE (%), by energy intensity
Q: What proportion of the total investment was for EE improvements or/and other areas in your organisation? Base: all firms Note: Investment decision is a binary variable that takes the value of one when firms surveyed have invested and 0 otherwise Note: Sectors are divided in energy intensive and non-energy intensive using clustering analysis. Energy intensive sectors are the following (using 2-digit NACE codes): 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 19, 20, 22, 23, 24, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 49, 50, 51 C. Proportion of firms’ total investment for measures to improve EE (%)
Q: What proportion of the total investment was primarily for measures to improve energy efficiency in your organisation? Base: All firms which have invested (data not shown for those who said don’t know/refused)
CROATIA – ENERGY EFFICIENCY
• Two fifths of firms in that invest in Croatia, also invest in EE (39% of all firms). This share jumps to 55% for the energy intensive sectors.
• Firms in Croatia allocate a tenth of their total investment in EE improvements, similar to the EU and the US average. This proportion is higher in energy intensive sectors such as manufacturing and infrastructure.
• Firms in Croatia report two fifths of their building stock to be of high or highest energy efficiency (EE) standards, similar to the EU average and higher than that of the US.
• More than half of the firms surveyed in Croatia with an energy audit invest in EE improvements.
• Nearly 60% of the firms surveyed in Croatia had an energy audit in the past three years, compared to two fifths in the EU and a third in the US. The implementation rate of energy audits increases with size.
• Firms in Croatia are more likely to invest in EE improvements when they implement advanced management practices.
Going green: Who is investing in energy efficiency, and why it matters
28
54
46
With an Audit
Invested also in EEInvested but not in EE
32
68
Without an Audit
Invested also in EEInvested but not in EE
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Croatia EU US Construction Infrastructure Manufacturing Services SME Large
Country Sector Size
2019 2017
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
Croatia EU US Construction Infrastructure Manufacturing Services SME Large
Country Sector Size
2019 2016
D. Perceived share of building stock of high or highest energy efficiency standards (%)
Q: What proportion, if any, of your commercial building stock satisfies high or highest energy efficiency standards? Base: All firms (data not shown for those who said don’t know/refused) Factors affecting Energy efficiency (EE) investments
A. Energy audits and energy-efficiency investment decisions Q: Can I check, in the past three years has your company had an energy audit? By this I mean an assessment of the energy needs and efficiency of your company’s building or buildings. Base: All firms which have invested (data not shown for those who said don’t know/refused) A1. Share of firms with an energy audit in the past three years (%)
Base: All firms (data not shown for those who said no/don’t know/refused)
CROATIA – ENERGY EFFICIENCY
Going green: Who is investing in energy efficiency, and why it matters
29
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Energy Intensive Non Energy Intensive Energy Intensive Non Energy Intensive Energy Intensive Non Energy Intensive
Croatia EU US
Energy costsBusiness
regulationsUncertainty about
the futureAvailability of skilled staff
Availability of finance
Non Energy Intensive
Energy Intensive
Construction
Infrastructure
Manufacturing
Services
SME
Large
Total
80
65
87
60
77
74
75
71
73
30
47
23
40
46
33
35
53
44
55
41
65
30
52
46
48
47
48
16
10
29
10
18
13
20
5
13
43
40
55
35
39
51
45
34
40
74
62
82
63
71
70
71
71
71
29
45
29
27
46
33
32
52
42
49
56
55
54
54
45
54
33
43
19
20
24
23
15
16
21
5
13
50
41
51
45
46
50
50
24
37
Invested also in EE Invested but not in EE
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Austria
Czech Republic
Hungary
Luxembourg
France
Estonia
Greece
United Kingdom
Denmark
Finland
USA
Germany
Croatia
Portugal
Sweden
Poland
EU Latvia
Lithuania
Ireland
Netherlands
Romania
Belgium
Slovakia
Spain
Slovenia
Bulgaria
Italy
Cyprus
A2. Share of firms with an energy audit in the past three years (%), by energy intensity
Q: Can I check, in the past three years has your company had an energy audit? By this I mean an assessment of the energy needs and efficiency of your company’s building or buildings. Base: All firms (data not shown for those who said no/don’t know/refused) B. Difference in the probability of investing in EE by firms with advanced managerial practices (%)
Note: Firms with advanced management practices are those that have a pay performance practice and/or a strategic monitoring system
C. Long term barriers to investment
Q: Thinking about your investment activities, to what extent are the above-mentioned an obstacle? Is a major obstacle, a minor obstacle or not an obstacle at all? Base: All firms (data not shown for those who said a minor obstacle/not an obstacle at all/don’t know/refused)
CROATIA – ENERGY EFFICIENCY
Going green: Who is investing in energy efficiency, and why it matters
30
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Croatia EU US Construction Infrastructure Manufacturing Services SME Large
Country Sector Size
2019 2016
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
Energy Intensive Non Energy Intensive Energy Intensive Non Energy Intensive Energy Intensive Non Energy Intensive
Croatia EU US
D. Energy costs as major obstacle to investment (%) Q: Thinking about your investment activities, to what extent are energy costs an obstacle? Is a major obstacle, a minor obstacle or not an obstacle at all? Base: All firms (data not shown for those who said a minor obstacle/not an obstacle at all/don’t know/refused) D1. Energy costs as major obstacle to investment (%), by energy intensity Base: All firms (data not shown for those who said a minor obstacle/not an obstacle at all/don’t know/refused)
CROATIA – ENERGY EFFICIENCY
Going green: Who is investing in energy efficiency, and why it matters
31
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
EnergyIntensive
Non EnergyIntensive
EnergyIntensive
Non EnergyIntensive
EnergyIntensive
Non EnergyIntensive
Cyprus EU US
15
33
52
85
Invested Not InvestedInvested also in EE Invested but not in EE
0
5
10
15
20
25
Cyprus EU US Construction Infrastructure Manufacturing Services SME Large
Country Sector Size
2019 2018
Summary Energy efficiency (EE) investment
A. Share of firms investing in EE and other areas (%)
B. Share of firms investing in EE (%), by energy intensity
Q: What proportion of the total investment was for EE improvements or/and other areas in your organisation? Base: all firms Note: Investment decision is a binary variable that takes the value of one when firms surveyed have invested and 0 otherwise Note: Sectors are divided in energy intensive and non-energy intensive using clustering analysis. Energy intensive sectors are the following (using 2-digit NACE codes): 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 19, 20, 22, 23, 24, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 49, 50, 51 C. Proportion of firms’ total investment for measures to improve EE (%)
Q: What proportion of the total investment was primarily for measures to improve energy efficiency in your organisation? Base: All firms which have invested (data not shown for those who said don’t know/refused)
CYPRUS – ENERGY EFFICIENCY
• Two fifths of firms that invest in Cyprus, also invest in EE (33% of all firms).
• Firms in Cyprus allocate 7% of their total investment in EE improvements, less than the EU and the US average.
• Firms in Cyprus report half of their building stock to be of high or highest energy efficiency (EE) standards, a share significantly above that of EU and US counterparts (two fifths and a third, respectively).
• Nearly 70% of the firms surveyed in Cyprus with an energy audit invest in EE improvements.
• More than two fifths of the firms surveyed in Cyprus had an energy audit in the past three years, similar to the EU and above the US average. The implementation rate of energy audits increases with size and is particularly high in energy intensive sectors but also in services.
• Firms in Cyprus are more likely to invest in EE improvements when they implement advanced management practices.
• Firms that are more affected by energy costs are more likely to invest in EE improvements.
Going green: Who is investing in energy efficiency, and why it matters
32
69
31
With an Audit
Invested also in EEInvested but not in EE
24
76
Without an Audit
Invested also in EEInvested but not in EE
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Cyprus EU US Construction Infrastructure Manufacturing Services SME Large
Country Sector Size
2019 2017
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Cyprus EU US Construction Infrastructure Manufacturing Services SME Large
Country Sector Size
2019 2016
D. Perceived share of building stock of high or highest energy efficiency standards (%)
Q: What proportion, if any, of your commercial building stock satisfies high or highest energy efficiency standards? Base: All firms (data not shown for those who said don’t know/refused) Factors affecting Energy efficiency (EE) investments
A. Energy audits and energy-efficiency investment decisions Q: Can I check, in the past three years has your company had an energy audit? By this I mean an assessment of the energy needs and efficiency of your company’s building or buildings. Base: All firms which have invested (data not shown for those who said don’t know/refused) A1. Share of firms with an energy audit in the past three years (%)
Base: All firms (data not shown for those who said no/don’t know/refused)
CYPRUS – ENERGY EFFICIENCY
Going green: Who is investing in energy efficiency, and why it matters
33
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
Energy Intensive Non Energy Intensive Energy Intensive Non Energy Intensive Energy Intensive Non Energy Intensive
Cyprus EU US
Energy costsBusiness
regulationsUncertainty about
the futureAvailability of skilled staff
Availability of finance
Non Energy Intensive
Energy Intensive
Construction
Infrastructure
Manufacturing
Services
SME
Large
Total
48
55
50
36
53
44
40
69
55
60
55
60
79
53
50
58
54
56
31
18
40
43
26
28
34
23
28
26
45
20
50
32
28
34
23
28
67
55
60
57
68
75
68
69
68
54
47
57
38
50
58
53
100
76
54
71
36
38
69
61
58
29
32
29
21
13
31
42
33
16
38
24
43
50
27
36
35
100
68
65
29
79
63
50
52
58
29
Invested also in EE Invested but not in EE
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Austria
Czech Republic
Hungary
Luxembourg
France
Estonia
Greece
United Kingdom
Denmark
Finland
USA
Germany
Croatia
Portugal
Sweden
Poland
EU Latvia
Lithuania
Ireland
Netherlands
Romania
Belgium
Slovakia
Spain
Slovenia
Bulgaria
Italy
Cyprus
A2. Share of firms with an energy audit in the past three years (%), by energy intensity
Q: Can I check, in the past three years has your company had an energy audit? By this I mean an assessment of the energy needs and efficiency of your company’s building or buildings. Base: All firms (data not shown for those who said no/don’t know/refused) B. Difference in the probability of investing in EE by firms with advanced managerial practices (%)
Note: Firms with advanced management practices are those that have a pay performance practice and/or a strategic monitoring system
C. Long term barriers to investment
Q: Thinking about your investment activities, to what extent are the above-mentioned an obstacle? Is a major obstacle, a minor obstacle or not an obstacle at all? Base: All firms (data not shown for those who said a minor obstacle/not an obstacle at all/don’t know/refused)
CYPRUS – ENERGY EFFICIENCY
Going green: Who is investing in energy efficiency, and why it matters
34
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Cyprus EU US Construction Infrastructure Manufacturing Services SME Large
Country Sector Size
2019 2016
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Energy Intensive Non Energy Intensive Energy Intensive Non Energy Intensive Energy Intensive Non Energy Intensive
Cyprus EU US
D. Energy costs as major obstacle to investment (%) Q: Thinking about your investment activities, to what extent are energy costs an obstacle? Is a major obstacle, a minor obstacle or not an obstacle at all? Base: All firms (data not shown for those who said a minor obstacle/not an obstacle at all/don’t know/refused)
D1. Energy costs as major obstacle to investment (%), by energy intensity Base: All firms (data not shown for those who said a minor obstacle/not an obstacle at all/don’t know/refused)
CYPRUS – ENERGY EFFICIENCY
Going green: Who is investing in energy efficiency, and why it matters
35
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
EnergyIntensive
Non EnergyIntensive
EnergyIntensive
Non EnergyIntensive
EnergyIntensive
Non EnergyIntensive
Czech Republic EU US
9
46
45
91
Invested Not InvestedInvested also in EE Invested but not in EE
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Czech Republic EU US Construction Infrastructure Manufacturing Services SME Large
Country Sector Size
2019 2018
Summary Energy efficiency (EE) investment
A. Share of firms investing in EE and other areas (%)
B. Share of firms investing in EE (%), by energy intensity
Q: What proportion of the total investment was for EE improvements or/and other areas in your organisation? Base: all firms Note: Investment decision is a binary variable that takes the value of one when firms surveyed have invested and 0 otherwise Note: Sectors are divided in energy intensive and non-energy intensive using clustering analysis. Energy intensive sectors are the following (using 2-digit NACE codes): 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 19, 20, 22, 23, 24, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 49, 50, 51 C. Proportion of firms’ total investment for measures to improve EE (%)
Q: What proportion of the total investment was primarily for measures to improve energy efficiency in your organisation? Base: All firms which have invested (data not shown for those who said don’t know/refused)
CZECH REPUBLIC – ENERGY EFFICIENCY
• Half of firms that invest in Czech Republic, also invest in EE (46% of all firms). This share rises to 58% for the energy intensive sectors.
• Firms in Czech Republic allocate more than a tenth of their total investment in EE improvements, similar to the EU and the US.
• Firms in Czech Republic report roughly a third of their building stock to be of high or highest energy efficiency (EE) standards, compared to two fifths in the EU and similar to the US.
• Seven in ten of the firms surveyed in Czech Republic with an energy audit invest in EE improvements.
• More than half of the firms surveyed in Czech Republic had an energy audit in the past three years, compared to two fifths in the EU and a third in the US. The implementation rate of energy audits increases with size and is particularly high in energy intensive sectors.
• Firms in Czech Republic are more likely to invest in EE improvements when they implement advanced management practices.
Going green: Who is investing in energy efficiency, and why it matters
36
7030
With an Audit
Invested also in EEInvested but not in EE
42
58
Without an Audit
Invested also in EEInvested but not in EE
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Czech Republic EU US Construction Infrastructure Manufacturing Services SME Large
Country Sector Size
2019 2017
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
Czech Republic EU US Construction Infrastructure Manufacturing Services SME Large
Country Sector Size
2019 2016
D. Perceived share of building stock of high or highest energy efficiency standards (%)
Q: What proportion, if any, of your commercial building stock satisfies high or highest energy efficiency standards? Base: All firms (data not shown for those who said don’t know/refused) Factors affecting Energy efficiency (EE) investments
A. Energy audits and energy-efficiency investment decisions Q: Can I check, in the past three years has your company had an energy audit? By this I mean an assessment of the energy needs and efficiency of your company’s building or buildings. Base: All firms which have invested (data not shown for those who said don’t know/refused) A1. Share of firms with an energy audit in the past three years (%)
Base: All firms (data not shown for those who said no/don’t know/refused)
CZECH REPUBLIC – ENERGY EFFICIENCY
Going green: Who is investing in energy efficiency, and why it matters
37
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
Energy Intensive Non Energy Intensive Energy Intensive Non Energy Intensive Energy Intensive Non Energy Intensive
Czech Republic EU US
Energy costsBusiness
regulationsUncertainty about
the futureAvailability of skilled staff
Availability of finance
Non Energy Intensive
Energy Intensive
Construction
Infrastructure
Manufacturing
Services
SME
Large
Total
71
72
68
67
68
64
64
80
72
15
21
11
16
28
13
18
20
19
20
21
30
21
17
29
25
10
18
9
7
13
4
10
5
9
5
7
37
33
34
46
29
25
37
20
28
59
65
67
55
71
46
59
71
65
16
20
14
11
30
8
16
29
23
24
29
26
20
25
29
26
24
25
11
8
17
7
14
2
11
6
8
33
27
33
30
32
31
33
18
25
Invested also in EE Invested but not in EE
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Austria
Czech Republic
Hungary
Luxembourg
France
Estonia
Greece
United Kingdom
Denmark
Finland
USA
Germany
Croatia
Portugal
Sweden
Poland
EU Latvia
Lithuania
Ireland
Netherlands
Romania
Belgium
Slovakia
Spain
Slovenia
Bulgaria
Italy
Cyprus
A2. Share of firms with an energy audit in the past three years (%), by energy intensity
Q: Can I check, in the past three years has your company had an energy audit? By this I mean an assessment of the energy needs and efficiency of your company’s building or buildings. Base: All firms (data not shown for those who said no/don’t know/refused) B. Difference in the probability of investing in EE by firms with advanced managerial practices (%)
Note: Firms with advanced management practices are those that have a pay performance practice and/or a strategic monitoring system
C. Long term barriers to investment
Q: Thinking about your investment activities, to what extent are the above-mentioned an obstacle? Is a major obstacle, a minor obstacle or not an obstacle at all? Base: All firms (data not shown for those who said a minor obstacle/not an obstacle at all/don’t know/refused)
CZECH REPUBLIC – ENERGY EFFICIENCY
Going green: Who is investing in energy efficiency, and why it matters
38
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Czech Republic EU US Construction Infrastructure Manufacturing Services SME Large
Country Sector Size
2019 2016
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Energy Intensive Non Energy Intensive Energy Intensive Non Energy Intensive Energy Intensive Non Energy Intensive
Czech Republic EU US
D. Energy costs as major obstacle to investment (%) Q: Thinking about your investment activities, to what extent are energy costs an obstacle? Is a major obstacle, a minor obstacle or not an obstacle at all? Base: All firms (data not shown for those who said a minor obstacle/not an obstacle at all/don’t know/refused) D1. Energy costs as major obstacle to investment (%), by energy intensity Base: All firms (data not shown for those who said a minor obstacle/not an obstacle at all/don’t know/refused)
CZECH REPUBLIC – ENERGY EFFICIENCY
Going green: Who is investing in energy efficiency, and why it matters
39
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
EnergyIntensive
Non EnergyIntensive
EnergyIntensive
Non EnergyIntensive
EnergyIntensive
Non EnergyIntensive
Denmark EU US
5
42
53
95
Invested Not InvestedInvested also in EE Invested but not in EE
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Denmark EU US Construction Infrastructure Manufacturing Services SME Large
Country Sector Size
2019 2018
Summary Energy efficiency (EE) investment
A. Share of firms investing in EE and other areas (%)
B. Share of firms investing in EE (%), by energy intensity
Q: What proportion of the total investment was for EE improvements or/and other areas in your organisation? Base: all firms Note: Investment decision is a binary variable that takes the value of one when firms surveyed have invested and 0 otherwise Note: Sectors are divided in energy intensive and non-energy intensive using clustering analysis. Energy intensive sectors are the following (using 2-digit NACE codes): 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 19, 20, 22, 23, 24, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 49, 50, 51 C. Proportion of firms’ total investment for measures to improve EE (%)
Q: What proportion of the total investment was primarily for measures to improve energy efficiency in your organisation? Base: All firms which have invested (data not shown for those who said don’t know/refused)
DENMARK – ENERGY EFFICIENCY
• More than two fifths of firms in Denmark invest in EE (42% of all firms). This share rises to 58% for the energy intensive sectors.
• Firms in Denmark allocate 7% of their total investment in EE improvements, less than the EU and the US average. This proportion is higher in energy intensive sectors such as manufacturing.
• Firms in Denmark report less than 30% of their building stock to be of high or highest energy efficiency (EE) standards, compared to two fifths in the EU and a third in the US.
• Almost two thirds of the firms surveyed in Denmark with an energy audit invest in EE improvements.
• Two fifths of the firms surveyed in Denmark had an energy audit in the past three years, similar to the EU and compared to a third in the US. The implementation rate of energy audits increases with size and is particularly high in energy intensive sectors.
• Firms in Denmark are more likely to invest in EE improvements when they implement advanced management practices.
Going green: Who is investing in energy efficiency, and why it matters
40
61
39
With an Audit
Invested also in EEInvested but not in EE
32
68
Without an Audit
Invested also in EEInvested but not in EE
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Denmark EU US Construction Infrastructure Manufacturing Services SME Large
Country Sector Size
2019 2017
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
Denmark EU US Construction Infrastructure Manufacturing Services SME Large
Country Sector Size
2019 2016
D. Perceived share of building stock of high or highest energy efficiency standards (%)
Q: What proportion, if any, of your commercial building stock satisfies high or highest energy efficiency standards? Base: All firms (data not shown for those who said don’t know/refused) Factors affecting Energy efficiency (EE) investments
A. Energy audits and energy-efficiency investment decisions Q: Can I check, in the past three years has your company had an energy audit? By this I mean an assessment of the energy needs and efficiency of your company’s building or buildings. Base: All firms which have invested (data not shown for those who said don’t know/refused) A1. Share of firms with an energy audit in the past three years (%)
Base: All firms (data not shown for those who said no/don’t know/refused)
DENMARK – ENERGY EFFICIENCY
Going green: Who is investing in energy efficiency, and why it matters
41
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Energy Intensive Non Energy Intensive Energy Intensive Non Energy Intensive Energy Intensive Non Energy Intensive
Denmark EU US
Energy costsBusiness
regulationsUncertainty about
the futureAvailability of skilled staff
Availability of finance
Non Energy Intensive
Energy Intensive
Construction
Infrastructure
Manufacturing
Services
SME
Large
Total
35
27
44
25
26
38
38
15
26
7
12
8
13
7
8
10
4
7
6
12
11
8
7
10
10
4
7
11
8
6
8
12
13
12
4
8
15
25
14
25
16
13
15
23
19
39
44
54
46
37
25
40
43
41
3
11
6
4
6
4
4
7
6
6
15
2
4
5
3
9
14
2
18
13
9
11
5
15
17
4
22
17
18
13
43
28
Invested also in EE Invested but not in EE
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Austria
Czech Republic
Hungary
Luxembourg
France
Estonia
Greece
United Kingdom
Denmark
Finland
USA
Germany
Croatia
Portugal
Sweden
Poland
EU Latvia
Lithuania
Ireland
Netherlands
Romania
Belgium
Slovakia
Spain
Slovenia
Bulgaria
Italy
Cyprus
A2. Share of firms with an energy audit in the past three years (%), by energy intensity
Q: Can I check, in the past three years has your company had an energy audit? By this I mean an assessment of the energy needs and efficiency of your company’s building or buildings. Base: All firms (data not shown for those who said no/don’t know/refused) B. Difference in the probability of investing in EE by firms with advanced managerial practices (%)
Note: Firms with advanced management practices are those that have a pay performance practice and/or a strategic monitoring system
C. Long term barriers to investment
Q: Thinking about your investment activities, to what extent are the above-mentioned an obstacle? Is a major obstacle, a minor obstacle or not an obstacle at all?
DENMARK – ENERGY EFFICIENCY
Going green: Who is investing in energy efficiency, and why it matters
42
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Denmark EU US Construction Infrastructure Manufacturing Services SME Large
Country Sector Size
2019 2016
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Energy Intensive Non Energy Intensive Energy Intensive Non Energy Intensive Energy Intensive Non Energy Intensive
Denmark EU US
Base: All firms (data not shown for those who said a minor obstacle/not an obstacle at all/don’t know/refused)
D. Energy costs as major obstacle to investment (%) Q: Thinking about your investment activities, to what extent are energy costs an obstacle? Is a major obstacle, a minor obstacle or not an obstacle at all? Base: All firms (data not shown for those who said a minor obstacle/not an obstacle at all/don’t know/refused) D1. Energy costs as major obstacle to investment (%), by energy intensity Base: All firms (data not shown for those who said a minor obstacle/not an obstacle at all/don’t know/refused)
DENMARK – ENERGY EFFICIENCY
Going green: Who is investing in energy efficiency, and why it matters
43
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
EnergyIntensive
Non EnergyIntensive
EnergyIntensive
Non EnergyIntensive
EnergyIntensive
Non EnergyIntensive
Estonia EU US
8
25
6691
Invested Not InvestedInvested also in EE Invested but not in EE
0
5
10
15
20
25
Estonia EU US Construction Infrastructure Manufacturing Services SME Large
Country Sector Size
2019 2018
Summary Energy efficiency (EE) investment
A. Share of firms investing in EE and other areas (%)
B. Share of firms investing in EE (%), by energy intensity
Q: What proportion of the total investment was for EE improvements or/and other areas in your organisation? Base: all firms Note: Investment decision is a binary variable that takes the value of one when firms surveyed have invested and 0 otherwise Note: Sectors are divided in energy intensive and non-energy intensive using clustering analysis. Energy intensive sectors are the following (using 2-digit NACE codes): 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 19, 20, 22, 23, 24, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 49, 50, 51 C. Proportion of firms’ total investment for measures to improve EE (%)
Q: What proportion of the total investment was primarily for measures to improve energy efficiency in your organisation? Base: All firms which have invested (data not shown for those who said don’t know/refused)
ESTONIA – ENERGY EFFICIENCY
• Nearly 30% of firms that invest in Estonia, also invest in EE (25% of all firms). This share jumps to 40% for the energy intensive sectors.
• Firms in Estonia allocate 6% of their total investment in EE improvements, less than the EU and the US average.
• Firms in Estonia report a fourth of their building stock to be of high or highest energy efficiency (EE) standards, compared to two fifths in the EU and a third in the US.
• More than half of the firms surveyed in Estonia with an energy audit invest in EE improvements.
• A fifth of the firms surveyed in Estonia had an energy audit in the past three years, compared to two fifths in the EU and a third in the US. The implementation rate of energy audits increases with size and is particularly high in energy intensive sectors, but also in the services sector.
• Firms in Estonia are more likely to invest in EE improvements when they implement advanced management practices.
• Firms that are more affected by energy costs are more likely to invest in EE improvements.
Going green: Who is investing in energy efficiency, and why it matters
44
55
45
With an Audit
Invested also in EEInvested but not in EE
22
78
Without an Audit
Invested also in EEInvested but not in EE
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
Estonia EU US Construction Infrastructure Manufacturing Services SME Large
Country Sector Size
2019 2017
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
Estonia EU US Construction Infrastructure Manufacturing Services SME Large
Country Sector Size
2019 2016
D. Perceived share of building stock of high or highest energy efficiency standards (%)
Q: What proportion, if any, of your commercial building stock satisfies high or highest energy efficiency standards? Base: All firms (data not shown for those who said don’t know/refused) Factors affecting Energy efficiency (EE) investments
A. Energy audits and energy-efficiency investment decisions Q: Can I check, in the past three years has your company had an energy audit? By this I mean an assessment of the energy needs and efficiency of your company’s building or buildings. Base: All firms which have invested (data not shown for those who said don’t know/refused) A1. Share of firms with an energy audit in the past three years (%)
Base: All firms (data not shown for those who said no/don’t know/refused)
ESTONIA – ENERGY EFFICIENCY
Going green: Who is investing in energy efficiency, and why it matters
45
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
Energy Intensive Non Energy Intensive Energy Intensive Non Energy Intensive Energy Intensive Non Energy Intensive
Estonia EU US
Energy costsBusiness
regulationsUncertainty about
the futureAvailability of skilled staff
Availability of finance
Non Energy Intensive
Energy Intensive
Construction
Infrastructure
Manufacturing
Services
SME
Large
Total
52
59
54
61
55
50
55
45
50
17
27
23
30
15
7
20
10
4
22
15
22
12
10
15
9
12
25
8
46
9
21
17
26
13
17
22
23
26
21
27
27
13
60
64
64
64
57
57
62
38
50
8
34
6
21
21
12
16
8
20
12
23
16
13
19
18
13
15
19
19
28
20
16
7
19
10
19
34
23
25
21
24
24
12
Invested also in EE Invested but not in EE
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Austria
Czech Republic
Hungary
Luxembourg
France
Estonia
Greece
United Kingdom
Denmark
Finland
USA
Germany
Croatia
Portugal
Sweden
Poland
EU Latvia
Lithuania
Ireland
Netherlands
Romania
Belgium
Slovakia
Spain
Slovenia
Bulgaria
Italy
Cyprus
A2. Share of firms with an energy audit in the past three years (%), by energy intensity
Q: Can I check, in the past three years has your company had an energy audit? By this I mean an assessment of the energy needs and efficiency of your company’s building or buildings. Base: All firms (data not shown for those who said no/don’t know/refused) B. Difference in the probability of investing in EE by firms with advanced managerial practices (%)
Note: Firms with advanced management practices are those that have a pay performance practice and/or a strategic monitoring system
C. Long term barriers to investment
Q: Thinking about your investment activities, to what extent are the above-mentioned an obstacle? Is a major obstacle, a minor obstacle or not an obstacle at all? Base: All firms (data not shown for those who said a minor obstacle/not an obstacle at all/don’t know/refused)
ESTONIA – ENERGY EFFICIENCY
Going green: Who is investing in energy efficiency, and why it matters
46
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Estonia EU US Construction Infrastructure Manufacturing Services SME Large
Country Sector Size
2019 2016
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Energy Intensive Non Energy Intensive Energy Intensive Non Energy Intensive Energy Intensive Non Energy Intensive
Estonia EU US
D. Energy costs as major obstacle to investment (%) Q: Thinking about your investment activities, to what extent are energy costs an obstacle? Is a major obstacle, a minor obstacle or not an obstacle at all? Base: All firms (data not shown for those who said a minor obstacle/not an obstacle at all/don’t know/refused) D1. Energy costs as major obstacle to investment (%), by energy intensity Base: All firms (data not shown for those who said a minor obstacle/not an obstacle at all/don’t know/refused)
ESTONIA – ENERGY EFFICIENCY
Going green: Who is investing in energy efficiency, and why it matters
47
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
EnergyIntensive
Non EnergyIntensive
EnergyIntensive
Non EnergyIntensive
EnergyIntensive
Non EnergyIntensive
Finland EU US
3
45
52
97
Invested Not InvestedInvested also in EE Invested but not in EE
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Finland EU US Construction Infrastructure Manufacturing Services SME Large
Country Sector Size
2019 2018
Summary Energy efficiency (EE) investment
A. Share of firms investing in EE and other areas (%)
B. Share of firms investing in EE (%), by energy intensity
Q: What proportion of the total investment was for EE improvements or/and other areas in your organisation? Base: all firms Note: Investment decision is a binary variable that takes the value of one when firms surveyed have invested and 0 otherwise Note: Sectors are divided in energy intensive and non-energy intensive using clustering analysis. Energy intensive sectors are the following (using 2-digit NACE codes): 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 19, 20, 22, 23, 24, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 49, 50, 51 C. Proportion of firms’ total investment for measures to improve EE (%)
Q: What proportion of the total investment was primarily for measures to improve energy efficiency in your organisation? Base: All firms which have invested (data not shown for those who said don’t know/refused)
FINLAND – ENERGY EFFICIENCY
• Almost half of firms that invest in Finland, also invest in EE (45% of all firms). This share jumps to 61% for the energy intensive sectors.
• Firms in Finland allocate less than a tenth of their total investment in EE improvements, less than the EU and the US average. This proportion is higher in energy intensive sectors such as manufacturing and infrastructure.
• Firms in Finland report a fourth of their building stock to be of high or highest energy efficiency (EE) standards, compared to two fifths in the EU and a third in the US.
• Almost 60% of the firms surveyed in Finland with an energy audit invest in EE improvements.
• Half of the firms surveyed in Finland had an energy audit in the past three years, compared to two fifths in the EU and a third in the US. The implementation rate of energy audits increases with size and is particularly high in energy intensive sectors.
• Firms in Finland are more likely to invest in EE improvements when they implement advanced management practices.
• Firms that are more affected by energy costs are more likely to invest in EE improvements.
Going green: Who is investing in energy efficiency, and why it matters
48
57
43
With an Audit
Invested also in EEInvested but not in EE
42
58
Without an Audit
Invested also in EEInvested but not in EE
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Finland EU US Construction Infrastructure Manufacturing Services SME Large
Country Sector Size
2019 2017
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
Finland EU US Construction Infrastructure Manufacturing Services SME Large
Country Sector Size
2019 2016
D. Perceived share of building stock of high or highest energy efficiency standards (%)
Q: What proportion, if any, of your commercial building stock satisfies high or highest energy efficiency standards? Base: All firms (data not shown for those who said don’t know/refused) Factors affecting Energy efficiency (EE) investments
A. Energy audits and energy-efficiency investment decisions Q: Can I check, in the past three years has your company had an energy audit? By this I mean an assessment of the energy needs and efficiency of your company’s building or buildings. Base: All firms which have invested (data not shown for those who said don’t know/refused) A1. Share of firms with an energy audit in the past three years (%)
Base: All firms (data not shown for those who said no/don’t know/refused)
FINLAND – ENERGY EFFICIENCY
Going green: Who is investing in energy efficiency, and why it matters
49
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
Energy Intensive Non Energy Intensive Energy Intensive Non Energy Intensive Energy Intensive Non Energy Intensive
Finland EU US
Energy costsBusiness
regulationsUncertainty about
the futureAvailability of skilled staff
Availability of finance
Non Energy Intensive
Energy Intensive
Construction
Infrastructure
Manufacturing
Services
SME
Large
Total
35
37
52
32
24
36
39
9
24
8
29
12
28
11
7
16
3
10
15
13
17
13
13
16
15
13
14
11
14
21
13
11
7
14
9
11
26
29
27
28
23
23
24
31
28
44
33
52
40
25
47
42
31
37
5
14
5
9
9
3
7
4
9
12
16
11
4
7
9
13
11
10
16
11
3
23
5
10
13
11
16
21
17
15
14
21
17
13
15
Invested also in EE Invested but not in EE
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Austria
Czech Republic
Hungary
Luxembourg
France
Estonia
Greece
United Kingdom
Denmark
Finland
USA
Germany
Croatia
Portugal
Sweden
Poland
EU Latvia
Lithuania
Ireland
Netherlands
Romania
Belgium
Slovakia
Spain
Slovenia
Bulgaria
Italy
Cyprus
A2. Share of firms with an energy audit in the past three years (%), by energy intensity
Q: Can I check, in the past three years has your company had an energy audit? By this I mean an assessment of the energy needs and efficiency of your company’s building or buildings. Base: All firms (data not shown for those who said no/don’t know/refused) B. Difference in the probability of investing in EE by firms with advanced managerial practices (%)
Note: Firms with advanced management practices are those that have a pay performance practice and/or a strategic monitoring system
C. Long term barriers to investment
Q: Thinking about your investment activities, to what extent are the above-mentioned an obstacle? Is a major obstacle, a minor obstacle or not an obstacle at all? Base: All firms (data not shown for those who said a minor obstacle/not an obstacle at all/don’t know/refused)
FINLAND – ENERGY EFFICIENCY
Going green: Who is investing in energy efficiency, and why it matters
50
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Finland EU US Construction Infrastructure Manufacturing Services SME Large
Country Sector Size
2019 2016
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Energy Intensive Non Energy Intensive Energy Intensive Non Energy Intensive Energy Intensive Non Energy Intensive
Finland EU US
D. Energy costs as major obstacle to investment (%) Q: Thinking about your investment activities, to what extent are energy costs an obstacle? Is a major obstacle, a minor obstacle or not an obstacle at all? Base: All firms (data not shown for those who said a minor obstacle/not an obstacle at all/don’t know/refused) D1. Energy costs as major obstacle to investment (%), by energy intensity Base: All firms (data not shown for those who said a minor obstacle/not an obstacle at all/don’t know/refused)
FINLAND – ENERGY EFFICIENCY
Going green: Who is investing in energy efficiency, and why it matters
51
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
EnergyIntensive
Non EnergyIntensive
EnergyIntensive
Non EnergyIntensive
EnergyIntensive
Non EnergyIntensive
France EU US
20
27
5380
Invested Not InvestedInvested also in EE Invested but not in EE
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
France EU US Construction Infrastructure Manufacturing Services SME Large
Country Sector Size
2019 2018
Summary Energy efficiency (EE) investment
A. Share of firms investing in EE and other areas (%)
B. Share of firms investing in EE (%), by energy intensity
Q: What proportion of the total investment was for EE improvements or/and other areas in your organisation? Base: all firms Note: Investment decision is a binary variable that takes the value of one when firms surveyed have invested and 0 otherwise Note: Sectors are divided in energy intensive and non-energy intensive using clustering analysis. Energy intensive sectors are the following (using 2-digit NACE codes): 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 19, 20, 22, 23, 24, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 49, 50, 51 C. Proportion of firms’ total investment for measures to improve EE (%)
Q: What proportion of the total investment was primarily for measures to improve energy efficiency in your organisation? Base: All firms which have invested (data not shown for those who said don’t know/refused)
FRANCE – ENERGY EFFICIENCY
• A third of firms that invest in France, also invest in EE (27% of all firms). This share jumps to 47% for the energy intensive sectors.
• Firms in France allocate almost a tenth of their total investment in EE improvements, less than the EU and the US average. This proportion is higher in the services sector and in energy intensive sectors such as infrastructure.
• Firms in France report a fourth of their building stock to be of high or highest energy efficiency (EE) standards, compared to two fifths in the EU and a third in the US.
• Half of the firms surveyed in France with an energy audit invest in EE improvements.
• Two fifths of the firms surveyed in France had an energy audit in the past three years, similar to the EU and compared to a third in the US. The implementation rate of energy audits increases with size and is particularly high in energy intensive sectors, but also in the services sector.
• Firms in France are more likely to invest in EE improvements when they implement advanced management practices.
Going green: Who is investing in energy efficiency, and why it matters
52
52
48
With an Audit
Invested also in EEInvested but not in EE
25
75
Without an Audit
Invested also in EEInvested but not in EE
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
France EU US Construction Infrastructure Manufacturing Services SME Large
Country Sector Size
2019 2017
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
France EU US Construction Infrastructure Manufacturing Services SME Large
Country Sector Size
2019 2016
D. Perceived share of building stock of high or highest energy efficiency standards (%)
Q: What proportion, if any, of your commercial building stock satisfies high or highest energy efficiency standards? Base: All firms (data not shown for those who said don’t know/refused) Factors affecting Energy efficiency (EE) investments
A. Energy audits and energy-efficiency investment decisions Q: Can I check, in the past three years has your company had an energy audit? By this I mean an assessment of the energy needs and efficiency of your company’s building or buildings. Base: All firms which have invested (data not shown for those who said don’t know/refused) A1. Share of firms with an energy audit in the past three years (%)
Base: All firms (data not shown for those who said no/don’t know/refused)
FRANCE – ENERGY EFFICIENCY
Going green: Who is investing in energy efficiency, and why it matters
53
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
Energy Intensive Non Energy Intensive Energy Intensive Non Energy Intensive Energy Intensive Non Energy Intensive
France EU US
Energy costsBusiness
regulationsUncertainty about
the futureAvailability of skilled staff
Availability of finance
Non Energy Intensive
Energy Intensive
Construction
Infrastructure
Manufacturing
Services
SME
Large
Total
51
43
48
58
51
28
46
44
45
15
23
10
23
14
13
15
16
16
39
26
30
30
22
39
32
25
28
22
17
15
12
28
19
18
23
20
29
36
35
28
36
31
34
28
31
52
48
67
46
52
44
54
41
47
12
23
17
13
12
17
15
13
14
26
21
26
25
17
36
26
19
23
16
21
17
21
13
20
17
19
18
30
35
29
26
29
41
32
25
29
Invested also in EE Invested but not in EE
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Austria
Czech Republic
Hungary
Luxembourg
France
Estonia
Greece
United Kingdom
Denmark
Finland
USA
Germany
Croatia
Portugal
Sweden
Poland
EU Latvia
Lithuania
Ireland
Netherlands
Romania
Belgium
Slovakia
Spain
Slovenia
Bulgaria
Italy
Cyprus
A2. Share of firms with an energy audit in the past three years (%), by energy intensity
Q: Can I check, in the past three years has your company had an energy audit? By this I mean an assessment of the energy needs and efficiency of your company’s building or buildings. Base: All firms (data not shown for those who said no/don’t know/refused) B. Difference in the probability of investing in EE by firms with advanced managerial practices (%)
Note: Firms with advanced management practices are those that have a pay performance practice and/or a strategic monitoring system
C. Long term barriers to investment
Q: Thinking about your investment activities, to what extent are the above-mentioned an obstacle? Is a major obstacle, a minor obstacle or not an obstacle at all? Base: All firms (data not shown for those who said a minor obstacle/not an obstacle at all/don’t know/refused)
FRANCE – ENERGY EFFICIENCY
Going green: Who is investing in energy efficiency, and why it matters
54
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
France EU US Construction Infrastructure Manufacturing Services SME Large
Country Sector Size
2019 2016
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Energy Intensive Non Energy Intensive Energy Intensive Non Energy Intensive Energy Intensive Non Energy Intensive
France EU US
D. Energy costs as major obstacle to investment (%) Q: Thinking about your investment activities, to what extent are energy costs an obstacle? Is a major obstacle, a minor obstacle or not an obstacle at all? Base: All firms (data not shown for those who said a minor obstacle/not an obstacle at all/don’t know/refused) D1. Energy costs as major obstacle to investment (%), by energy intensity Base: All firms (data not shown for those who said a minor obstacle/not an obstacle at all/don’t know/refused)
FRANCE – ENERGY EFFICIENCY
Going green: Who is investing in energy efficiency, and why it matters
55
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
EnergyIntensive
Non EnergyIntensive
EnergyIntensive
Non EnergyIntensive
EnergyIntensive
Non EnergyIntensive
Germany EU US
23
32
44
76
Invested Not InvestedInvested also in EE Invested but not in EE
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
Germany EU US Construction Infrastructure Manufacturing Services SME Large
Country Sector Size
2019 2018
Summary Energy efficiency (EE) investment
A. Share of firms investing in EE and other areas (%)
B. Share of firms investing in EE (%), by energy intensity
Q: What proportion of the total investment was for EE improvements or/and other areas in your organisation? Base: all firms Note: Investment decision is a binary variable that takes the value of one when firms surveyed have invested and 0 otherwise Note: Sectors are divided in energy intensive and non-energy intensive using clustering analysis. Energy intensive sectors are the following (using 2-digit NACE codes): 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 19, 20, 22, 23, 24, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 49, 50, 51 C. Proportion of firms’ total investment for measures to improve EE (%)
Q: What proportion of the total investment was primarily for measures to improve energy efficiency in your organisation? Base: All firms which have invested (data not shown for those who said don’t know/refused)
GERMANY – ENERGY EFFICIENCY
• Two fifths of firms that invest in Germany, also invest in EE (32% of all firms). This share rises to 53% for the energy intensive sectors.
• Firms in Germany allocate almost 12% of their total investment in EE improvements, more than the EU and similar to the US average. This proportion is higher in energy intensive sectors such as manufacturing and infrastructure.
• Firms in Germany report nearly half of their building stock to be of high or highest energy efficiency (EE) standards, a share significantly above that of EU and US counterparts (two fifths and a third, respectively).
• More than 60% of firms surveyed in Germany with an energy audit invest in EE improvements.
• Half of the firms surveyed in Germany had an energy audit in the past three years, compared to two fifths in the EU and a third in the US. The implementation rate of energy audits increases with size and is particularly high in energy intensive sectors.
• Firms in Germany are more likely to invest in EE improvements when they implement advanced management practices.
Going green: Who is investing in energy efficiency, and why it matters
56
61
39
With an Audit
Invested also in EEInvested but not in EE
34
66
Without an Audit
Invested also in EEInvested but not in EE
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Germany EU US Construction Infrastructure Manufacturing Services SME Large
Country Sector Size
2019 2017
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Germany EU US Construction Infrastructure Manufacturing Services SME Large
Country Sector Size
2019 2016
D. Perceived share of building stock of high or highest energy efficiency standards (%)
Q: What proportion, if any, of your commercial building stock satisfies high or highest energy efficiency standards? Base: All firms (data not shown for those who said don’t know/refused) Factors affecting Energy efficiency (EE) investments
A. Energy audits and energy-efficiency investment decisions Q: Can I check, in the past three years has your company had an energy audit? By this I mean an assessment of the energy needs and efficiency of your company’s building or buildings. Base: All firms which have invested (data not shown for those who said don’t know/refused) A1. Share of firms with an energy audit in the past three years (%)
Base: All firms (data not shown for those who said no/don’t know/refused)
GERMANY – ENERGY EFFICIENCY
Going green: Who is investing in energy efficiency, and why it matters
57
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
Energy Intensive Non Energy Intensive Energy Intensive Non Energy Intensive Energy Intensive Non Energy Intensive
Germany EU US
Energy costsBusiness
regulationsUncertainty about
the futureAvailability of
skilled staffAvailability of
finance
Non Energy Intensive
Energy Intensive
Construction
Infrastructure
Manufacturing
Services
SME
Large
Total
70
76
71
70
71
57
70
59
65
32
43
36
26
38
31
34
27
30
36
41
27
35
31
36
34
27
31
13
26
13
12
17
11
13
17
15
23
24
11
21
30
20
22
22
22
71
78
78
76
67
72
74
67
70
21
43
21
26
22
33
25
33
29
34
45
38
28
41
38
37
28
32
11
20
14
13
17
10
13
17
15
25
25
17
24
30
28
24
33
29
Invested also in EE Invested but not in EE
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Austria
Czech Republic
Hungary
Luxembourg
France
Estonia
Greece
United Kingdom
Denmark
Finland
USA
Germany
Croatia
Portugal
Sweden
Poland
EU Latvia
Lithuania
Ireland
Netherlands
Romania
Belgium
Slovakia
Spain
Slovenia
Bulgaria
Italy
Cyprus
A2. Share of firms with an energy audit in the past three years (%), by energy intensity
Q: Can I check, in the past three years has your company had an energy audit? By this I mean an assessment of the energy needs and efficiency of your company’s building or buildings. Base: All firms (data not shown for those who said no/don’t know/refused) B. Difference in the probability of investing in EE by firms with advanced managerial practices (%)
Note: Firms with advanced management practices are those that have a pay performance practice and/or a strategic monitoring system
C. Long term barriers to investment
Q: Thinking about your investment activities, to what extent are the above-mentioned an obstacle? Is a major obstacle, a minor obstacle or not an obstacle at all? Base: All firms (data not shown for those who said a minor obstacle/not an obstacle at all/don’t know/refused)
GERMANY – ENERGY EFFICIENCY
Going green: Who is investing in energy efficiency, and why it matters
58
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
Germany EU US Construction Infrastructure Manufacturing Services SME Large
Country Sector Size
2019 2016
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
Energy Intensive Non Energy Intensive Energy Intensive Non Energy Intensive Energy Intensive Non Energy Intensive
Germany EU US
D. Energy costs as major obstacle to investment (%) Q: Thinking about your investment activities, to what extent are energy costs an obstacle? Is a major obstacle, a minor obstacle or not an obstacle at all? Base: All firms (data not shown for those who said a minor obstacle/not an obstacle at all/don’t know/refused) D1. Energy costs as major obstacle to investment (%), by energy intensity Base: All firms (data not shown for those who said a minor obstacle/not an obstacle at all/don’t know/refused)
GERMANY – ENERGY EFFICIENCY
Going green: Who is investing in energy efficiency, and why it matters
59
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
EnergyIntensive
Non EnergyIntensive
EnergyIntensive
Non EnergyIntensive
EnergyIntensive
Non EnergyIntensive
Greece EU US
16
26
5884
Invested Not InvestedInvested also in EE Invested but not in EE
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Greece EU US Construction Infrastructure Manufacturing Services SME Large
Country Sector Size
2019 2018
Summary Energy efficiency (EE) investment
A. Share of firms investing in EE and other areas (%)
B. Share of firms investing in EE (%), by energy intensity
Q: What proportion of the total investment was for EE improvements or/and other areas in your organisation? Base: all firms Note: Investment decision is a binary variable that takes the value of one when firms surveyed have invested and 0 otherwise Note: Sectors are divided in energy intensive and non-energy intensive using clustering analysis. Energy intensive sectors are the following (using 2-digit NACE codes): 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 19, 20, 22, 23, 24, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 49, 50, 51 C. Proportion of firms’ total investment for measures to improve EE (%)
Q: What proportion of the total investment was primarily for measures to improve energy efficiency in your organisation? Base: All firms which have invested (data not shown for those who said don’t know/refused)
GREECE – ENERGY EFFICIENCY
• A third of firms that invest in Greece, also invest in EE (26% of all firms).
• Firms in Greece allocate almost a tenth of their total investment in EE improvements, less than the EU and the US average. This proportion is higher in energy intensive sectors such as infrastructure.
• Firms in Greece report almost 60% of their building stock to be of high or highest energy efficiency (EE) standards, a share significantly above that of EU and US counterparts (two fifths and a third, respectively).
• Less than half of the firms surveyed in Greece with an energy audit invest in EE improvements.
• Two fifths of the firms surveyed in Greece had an energy audit in the past three years, similar to the EU and compared to a third in the US. The implementation rate of energy audits increases with size and is particularly high in energy intensive sectors.
• Firms in Greece are more likely to invest in EE improvements when they implement advanced management practices.
• Firms that are more affected by energy costs are more likely to invest in EE improvements.
Going green: Who is investing in energy efficiency, and why it matters
60
6436
With an Audit
Invested also in EEInvested but not in EE
19
81
Without an Audit
Invested also in EEInvested but not in EE
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Greece EU US Construction Infrastructure Manufacturing Services SME Large
Country Sector Size
2019 2017
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Greece EU US Construction Infrastructure Manufacturing Services SME Large
Country Sector Size
2019 2016
D. Perceived share of building stock of high or highest energy efficiency standards (%)
Q: What proportion, if any, of your commercial building stock satisfies high or highest energy efficiency standards? Base: All firms (data not shown for those who said don’t know/refused) Factors affecting Energy efficiency (EE) investments
A. Energy audits and energy-efficiency investment decisions Q: Can I check, in the past three years has your company had an energy audit? By this I mean an assessment of the energy needs and efficiency of your company’s building or buildings. Base: All firms which have invested (data not shown for those who said don’t know/refused) A1. Share of firms with an energy audit in the past three years (%)
Base: All firms (data not shown for those who said no/don’t know/refused)
GREECE – ENERGY EFFICIENCY
Going green: Who is investing in energy efficiency, and why it matters
61
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Energy Intensive Non Energy Intensive Energy Intensive Non Energy Intensive Energy Intensive Non Energy Intensive
Greece EU US
Energy costsBusiness
regulationsUncertainty about
the futureAvailability of
skilled staffAvailability of
finance
Non Energy Intensive
Energy Intensive
Construction
Infrastructure
Manufacturing
Services
SME
Large
Total
38
8
29
29
19
32
29
18
24
46
42
26
52
51
41
40
50
45
87
88
89
90
88
86
88
88
88
34
42
49
39
40
43
43
41
42
65
69
69
61
72
70
67
74
70
24
20
23
31
25
15
24
16
20
27
55
40
31
44
23
35
32
33
84
90
83
83
88
87
86
84
85
46
47
58
36
37
52
49
28
38
63
71
77
57
69
57
69
40
54
Invested also in EE Invested but not in EE
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Austria
Czech Republic
Hungary
Luxembourg
France
Estonia
Greece
United Kingdom
Denmark
Finland
USA
Germany
Croatia
Portugal
Sweden
Poland
EU Latvia
Lithuania
Ireland
Netherlands
Romania
Belgium
Slovakia
Spain
Slovenia
Bulgaria
Italy
Cyprus
A2. Share of firms with an energy audit in the past three years (%), by energy intensity
Q: Can I check, in the past three years has your company had an energy audit? By this I mean an assessment of the energy needs and efficiency of your company’s building or buildings. Base: All firms (data not shown for those who said no/don’t know/refused) B. Difference in the probability of investing in EE by firms with advanced managerial practices (%)
Note: Firms with advanced management practices are those that have a pay performance practice and/or a strategic monitoring system
C. Long term barriers to investment
Q: Thinking about your investment activities, to what extent are the above-mentioned an obstacle? Is a major obstacle, a minor obstacle or not an obstacle at all? Base: All firms (data not shown for those who said a minor obstacle/not an obstacle at all/don’t know/refused)
GREECE – ENERGY EFFICIENCY
Going green: Who is investing in energy efficiency, and why it matters
62
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Greece EU US Construction Infrastructure Manufacturing Services SME Large
Country Sector Size
2019 2016
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Energy Intensive Non Energy Intensive Energy Intensive Non Energy Intensive Energy Intensive Non Energy Intensive
Greece EU US
D. Energy costs as major obstacle to investment (%) Q: Thinking about your investment activities, to what extent are energy costs an obstacle? Is a major obstacle, a minor obstacle or not an obstacle at all? Base: All firms (data not shown for those who said a minor obstacle/not an obstacle at all/don’t know/refused) D1. Energy costs as major obstacle to investment (%), by energy intensity Base: All firms (data not shown for those who said a minor obstacle/not an obstacle at all/don’t know/refused)
GREECE – ENERGY EFFICIENCY
Going green: Who is investing in energy efficiency, and why it matters
63
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
EnergyIntensive
Non EnergyIntensive
EnergyIntensive
Non EnergyIntensive
EnergyIntensive
Non EnergyIntensive
Hungary EU US
16
35
48
83
Invested Not InvestedInvested also in EE Invested but not in EE
0
5
10
15
20
25
Hungary EU US Construction Infrastructure Manufacturing Services SME Large
Country Sector Size
2019 2018
Summary Energy efficiency (EE) investment
A. Share of firms investing in EE and other areas (%)
B. Share of firms investing in EE (%), by energy intensity
Q: What proportion of the total investment was for EE improvements or/and other areas in your organisation? Base: all firms Note: Investment decision is a binary variable that takes the value of one when firms surveyed have invested and 0 otherwise Note: Sectors are divided in energy intensive and non-energy intensive using clustering analysis. Energy intensive sectors are the following (using 2-digit NACE codes): 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 19, 20, 22, 23, 24, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 49, 50, 51 C. Proportion of firms’ total investment for measures to improve EE (%)
Q: What proportion of the total investment was primarily for measures to improve energy efficiency in your organisation? Base: All firms which have invested (data not shown for those who said don’t know/refused)
HUNGARY – ENERGY EFFICIENCY
• Two fifths of firms that invest in Hungary, also invest in EE (35% of all firms). This share jumps to 54% for the energy intensive sectors.
• Firms in Hungary allocate more than a tenth of their total investment in EE improvements, similar to the EU and the US average. This proportion is higher in energy intensive sectors such as infrastructure.
• Firms in Hungary report almost two fifths of their building stock to be of high or highest energy efficiency (EE) standards, similar to the EU and compared to a third in the US.
• Two thirds of the firms surveyed in Hungary with an energy audit invest in EE improvements.
• More than half of the firms surveyed in Hungary had an energy audit in the past three years, compared to two fifths in the EU and a third in the US. The implementation rate of energy audits increases with size and is particularly high in energy intensive sectors.
• Firms in Hungary are more likely to invest in EE improvements when they implement advanced management practices.
• Firms that are more affected by energy costs are more likely to invest in EE improvements.
Going green: Who is investing in energy efficiency, and why it matters
64
63
37
With an Audit
Invested also in EEInvested but not in EE
32
68
Without an Audit
Invested also in EEInvested but not in EE
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Hungary EU US Construction Infrastructure Manufacturing Services SME Large
Country Sector Size
2019 2017
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
Hungary EU US Construction Infrastructure Manufacturing Services SME Large
Country Sector Size
2019 2016
D. Perceived share of building stock of high or highest energy efficiency standards (%)
Q: What proportion, if any, of your commercial building stock satisfies high or highest energy efficiency standards? Base: All firms (data not shown for those who said don’t know/refused) Factors affecting Energy efficiency (EE) investments
A. Energy audits and energy-efficiency investment decisions Q: Can I check, in the past three years has your company had an energy audit? By this I mean an assessment of the energy needs and efficiency of your company’s building or buildings. Base: All firms which have invested (data not shown for those who said don’t know/refused) A1. Share of firms with an energy audit in the past three years (%)
Base: All firms (data not shown for those who said no/don’t know/refused)
HUNGARY – ENERGY EFFICIENCY
Going green: Who is investing in energy efficiency, and why it matters
65
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
Energy Intensive Non Energy Intensive Energy Intensive Non Energy Intensive Energy Intensive Non Energy Intensive
Hungary EU US
Energy costsBusiness
regulationsUncertainty about
the futureAvailability of skilled staff
Availability of finance
Non Energy Intensive
Energy Intensive
Construction
Infrastructure
Manufacturing
Services
SME
Large
Total
41
31
35
40
41
33
35
48
41
13
25
8
23
16
18
15
22
18
9
8
5
9
6
16
9
11
10
10
12
13
15
16
9
13
13
13
11
19
13
25
16
19
20
11
16
43
34
46
35
41
37
41
33
37
9
11
4
13
14
8
9
17
13
11
18
13
20
2
21
14
7
23
13
21
13
25
18
20
17
18
21
18
19
28
10
29
21
8
15
Invested also in EE Invested but not in EE
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Austria
Czech Republic
Hungary
Luxembourg
France
Estonia
Greece
United Kingdom
Denmark
Finland
USA
Germany
Croatia
Portugal
Sweden
Poland
EU Latvia
Lithuania
Ireland
Netherlands
Romania
Belgium
Slovakia
Spain
Slovenia
Bulgaria
Italy
Cyprus
A2. Share of firms with an energy audit in the past three years (%), by energy intensity
Q: Can I check, in the past three years has your company had an energy audit? By this I mean an assessment of the energy needs and efficiency of your company’s building or buildings. Base: All firms (data not shown for those who said no/don’t know/refused) B. Difference in the probability of investing in EE by firms with advanced managerial practices (%)
Note: Firms with advanced management practices are those that have a pay performance practice and/or a strategic monitoring system
C. Long term barriers to investment
Q: Thinking about your investment activities, to what extent are the above-mentioned an obstacle? Is a major obstacle, a minor obstacle or not an obstacle at all? Base: All firms (data not shown for those who said a minor obstacle/not an obstacle at all/don’t know/refused)
HUNGARY – ENERGY EFFICIENCY
Going green: Who is investing in energy efficiency, and why it matters
66
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
Hungary EU US Construction Infrastructure Manufacturing Services SME Large
Country Sector Size
2019 2016
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Energy Intensive Non Energy Intensive Energy Intensive Non Energy Intensive Energy Intensive Non Energy Intensive
Hungary EU US
D. Energy costs as major obstacle to investment (%) Q: Thinking about your investment activities, to what extent are energy costs an obstacle? Is a major obstacle, a minor obstacle or not an obstacle at all? Base: All firms (data not shown for those who said a minor obstacle/not an obstacle at all/don’t know/refused) D1. Energy costs as major obstacle to investment (%), by energy intensity Base: All firms (data not shown for those who said a minor obstacle/not an obstacle at all/don’t know/refused)
HUNGARY – ENERGY EFFICIENCY
Going green: Who is investing in energy efficiency, and why it matters
67
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
EnergyIntensive
Non EnergyIntensive
EnergyIntensive
Non EnergyIntensive
EnergyIntensive
Non EnergyIntensive
Ireland EU US
9
36
55
91
Invested Not InvestedInvested also in EE Invested but not in EE
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Ireland EU US Construction Infrastructure Manufacturing Services SME Large
Country Sector Size
2019 2018
Summary Energy efficiency (EE) investment
A. Share of firms investing in EE and other areas (%)
B. Share of firms investing in EE (%), by energy intensity
Q: What proportion of the total investment was for EE improvements or/and other areas in your organisation? Base: all firms Note: Investment decision is a binary variable that takes the value of one when firms surveyed have invested and 0 otherwise Note: Sectors are divided in energy intensive and non-energy intensive using clustering analysis. Energy intensive sectors are the following (using 2-digit NACE codes): 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 19, 20, 22, 23, 24, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 49, 50, 51 C. Proportion of firms’ total investment for measures to improve EE (%)
Q: What proportion of the total investment was primarily for measures to improve energy efficiency in your organisation? Base: All firms which have invested (data not shown for those who said don’t know/refused)
IRELAND – ENERGY EFFICIENCY
• Two fifths of firms that invest in Ireland, also invest in EE (36% of all firms).
• Firms in Ireland allocate approximately 7% of their total investment in EE improvements, less than the EU and the US average.
• Firms in Ireland report 35% of their building stock to be of high or highest energy efficiency (EE) standards, compared to two fifths in the EU and a third in the US.
• More than half of the firms surveyed in Ireland with an energy audit invest in EE improvements.
• Roughly a third of the firms surveyed in Ireland had an energy audit in the past three years, compared to two fifths in the EU and a third in the US. The implementation rate of energy audits increases with size and is particularly high in energy intensive sectors.
• Firms in Ireland are more likely to invest in EE improvements when they implement advanced management practices.
• Firms that are more affected by energy costs are more likely to invest in EE improvements.
Going green: Who is investing in energy efficiency, and why it matters
68
56
44
With an Audit
Invested also in EEInvested but not in EE
32
68
Without an Audit
Invested also in EEInvested but not in EE
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Ireland EU US Construction Infrastructure Manufacturing Services SME Large
Country Sector Size
2019 2017
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Ireland EU US Construction Infrastructure Manufacturing Services SME Large
Country Sector Size
2019 2016
D. Perceived share of building stock of high or highest energy efficiency standards (%)
Q: What proportion, if any, of your commercial building stock satisfies high or highest energy efficiency standards? Base: All firms (data not shown for those who said don’t know/refused) Factors affecting Energy efficiency (EE) investments
A. Energy audits and energy-efficiency investment decisions Q: Can I check, in the past three years has your company had an energy audit? By this I mean an assessment of the energy needs and efficiency of your company’s building or buildings. Base: All firms which have invested (data not shown for those who said don’t know/refused) A1. Share of firms with an energy audit in the past three years (%)
Base: All firms (data not shown for those who said no/don’t know/refused)
IRELAND – ENERGY EFFICIENCY
Going green: Who is investing in energy efficiency, and why it matters
69
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
Energy Intensive Non Energy Intensive Energy Intensive Non Energy Intensive Energy Intensive Non Energy Intensive
Ireland EU US
Energy costsBusiness
regulationsUncertainty about
the futureAvailability of skilled staff
Availability of finance
Non Energy Intensive
Energy Intensive
Construction
Infrastructure
Manufacturing
Services
SME
Large
Total
51
45
64
45
40
34
43
50
46
27
38
36
29
23
28
29
20
24
25
17
25
24
11
30
22
20
21
18
3
18
24
6
15
15
10
13
37
31
18
37
34
42
34
40
37
40
29
50
38
28
40
39
25
32
17
14
14
19
12
23
17
9
12
19
9
19
15
14
15
7
13
12
14
19
15
5
13
7
32
38
27
33
30
44
35
17
Invested also in EE Invested but not in EE
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Austria
Czech Republic
Hungary
Luxembourg
France
Estonia
Greece
United Kingdom
Denmark
Finland
USA
Germany
Croatia
Portugal
Sweden
Poland
EU Latvia
Lithuania
Ireland
Netherlands
Romania
Belgium
Slovakia
Spain
Slovenia
Bulgaria
Italy
Cyprus
A2. Share of firms with an energy audit in the past three years (%), by energy intensity
Q: Can I check, in the past three years has your company had an energy audit? By this I mean an assessment of the energy needs and efficiency of your company’s building or buildings. Base: All firms (data not shown for those who said no/don’t know/refused) B. Difference in the probability of investing in EE by firms with advanced managerial practices (%)
Note: Firms with advanced management practices are those that have a pay performance practice and/or a strategic monitoring system
C. Long term barriers to investment
Q: Thinking about your investment activities, to what extent are the above-mentioned an obstacle? Is a major obstacle, a minor obstacle or not an obstacle at all? Base: All firms (data not shown for those who said a minor obstacle/not an obstacle at all/don’t know/refused)
IRELAND – ENERGY EFFICIENCY
Going green: Who is investing in energy efficiency, and why it matters
70
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
Ireland EU US Construction Infrastructure Manufacturing Services SME Large
Country Sector Size
2019 2016
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Energy Intensive Non Energy Intensive Energy Intensive Non Energy Intensive Energy Intensive Non Energy Intensive
Ireland EU US
D. Energy costs as major obstacle to investment (%) Q: Thinking about your investment activities, to what extent are energy costs an obstacle? Is a major obstacle, a minor obstacle or not an obstacle at all? Base: All firms (data not shown for those who said a minor obstacle/not an obstacle at all/don’t know/refused) D1. Energy costs as major obstacle to investment (%), by energy intensity Base: All firms (data not shown for those who said a minor obstacle/not an obstacle at all/don’t know/refused)
IRELAND – ENERGY EFFICIENCY
Going green: Who is investing in energy efficiency, and why it matters
71
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
EnergyIntensive
Non EnergyIntensive
EnergyIntensive
Non EnergyIntensive
EnergyIntensive
Non EnergyIntensive
Italy EU US
9
40
50
90
Invested Not InvestedInvested also in EE Invested but not in EE
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Italy EU US Construction Infrastructure Manufacturing Services SME Large
Country Sector Size
2019 2018
Summary Energy efficiency (EE) investment
A. Share of firms investing in EE and other areas (%)
B. Share of firms investing in EE (%), by energy intensity
Q: What proportion of the total investment was for EE improvements or/and other areas in your organisation? Base: all firms Note: Investment decision is a binary variable that takes the value of one when firms surveyed have invested and 0 otherwise Note: Sectors are divided in energy intensive and non-energy intensive using clustering analysis. Energy intensive sectors are the following (using 2-digit NACE codes): 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 19, 20, 22, 23, 24, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 49, 50, 51 C. Proportion of firms’ total investment for measures to improve EE (%)
Q: What proportion of the total investment was primarily for measures to improve energy efficiency in your organisation? Base: All firms which have invested (data not shown for those who said don’t know/refused)
ITALY – ENERGY EFFICIENCY
• More than two fifths of firms that invest in Italy, also invest in EE (40% of all firms). This share rises to 53% for the energy intensive sectors.
• Firms in Italy allocate a tenth of their total investment in EE improvements, similar to the EU and less than the US average. This proportion is higher in energy intensive sectors such as manufacturing and infrastructure.
• Firms in Italy report 35% of their building stock to be of high or highest energy efficiency (EE) standards, compared to two fifths in the EU and a third in the US.
• Two thirds of the firms surveyed in Italy with an energy audit invest in EE improvements.
• More than a third of the firms surveyed in Italy had an energy audit in the past three years, compared to two fifths in the EU and a third in the US. The implementation rate of energy audits increases with size and is particularly high in energy intensive sectors.
• Firms in Italy are more likely to invest in EE improvements when they implement advanced management practices.
• Firms that are more affected by energy costs are more likely to invest in EE improvements. This is the only barrier to investment that is perceived differently between firms that invested also in EE and those that did not.
Going green: Who is investing in energy efficiency, and why it matters
72
63
37
With an Audit
Invested also in EEInvested but not in EE
34
66
Without an Audit
Invested also in EEInvested but not in EE
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Italy EU US Construction Infrastructure Manufacturing Services SME Large
Country Sector Size
2019 2017
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
Italy EU US Construction Infrastructure Manufacturing Services SME Large
Country Sector Size
2019 2016
D. Perceived share of building stock of high or highest energy efficiency standards (%)
Q: What proportion, if any, of your commercial building stock satisfies high or highest energy efficiency standards? Base: All firms (data not shown for those who said don’t know/refused) Factors affecting Energy efficiency (EE) investments
A. Energy audits and energy-efficiency investment decisions Q: Can I check, in the past three years has your company had an energy audit? By this I mean an assessment of the energy needs and efficiency of your company’s building or buildings. Base: All firms which have invested (data not shown for those who said don’t know/refused) A1. Share of firms with an energy audit in the past three years (%)
Base: All firms (data not shown for those who said no/don’t know/refused)
ITALY – ENERGY EFFICIENCY
Going green: Who is investing in energy efficiency, and why it matters
73
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
Energy Intensive Non Energy Intensive Energy Intensive Non Energy Intensive Energy Intensive Non Energy Intensive
Italy EU US
Energy costsBusiness
regulationsUncertainty about
the futureAvailability of
skilled staffAvailability of
finance
Non Energy Intensive
Energy Intensive
Construction
Infrastructure
Manufacturing
Services
SME
Large
Total
46
28
43
29
44
40
42
34
38
34
42
35
23
43
37
39
30
35
44
37
49
33
42
43
44
36
40
34
30
46
25
32
40
37
30
34
67
57
81
50
67
67
69
58
63
38
31
46
41
36
25
37
34
35
23
39
25
31
36
18
29
17
23
41
49
59
41
37
40
45
37
41
33
34
51
29
33
21
34
31
33
74
66
80
63
71
70
73
60
67
Invested also in EE Invested but not in EE
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Austria
Czech Republic
Hungary
Luxembourg
France
Estonia
Greece
United Kingdom
Denmark
Finland
USA
Germany
Croatia
Portugal
Sweden
Poland
EU Latvia
Lithuania
Ireland
Netherlands
Romania
Belgium
Slovakia
Spain
Slovenia
Bulgaria
Italy
Cyprus
A2. Share of firms with an energy audit in the past three years (%), by energy intensity
Q: Can I check, in the past three years has your company had an energy audit? By this I mean an assessment of the energy needs and efficiency of your company’s building or buildings. Base: All firms (data not shown for those who said no/don’t know/refused) B. Difference in the probability of investing in EE by firms with advanced managerial practices (%)
Note: Firms with advanced management practices are those that have a pay performance practice and/or a strategic monitoring system
C. Long term barriers to investment
Q: Thinking about your investment activities, to what extent are the above-mentioned an obstacle? Is a major obstacle, a minor obstacle or not an obstacle at all? Base: All firms (data not shown for those who said a minor obstacle/not an obstacle at all/don’t know/refused)
ITALY – ENERGY EFFICIENCY
Going green: Who is investing in energy efficiency, and why it matters
74
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
Italy EU US Construction Infrastructure Manufacturing Services SME Large
Country Sector Size
2019 2016
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
Energy Intensive Non Energy Intensive Energy Intensive Non Energy Intensive Energy Intensive Non Energy Intensive
Italy EU US
D. Energy costs as major obstacle to investment (%) Q: Thinking about your investment activities, to what extent are energy costs an obstacle? Is a major obstacle, a minor obstacle or not an obstacle at all? Base: All firms (data not shown for those who said a minor obstacle/not an obstacle at all/don’t know/refused) D1. Energy costs as major obstacle to investment (%), by energy intensity Base: All firms (data not shown for those who said a minor obstacle/not an obstacle at all/don’t know/refused)
ITALY – ENERGY EFFICIENCY
Going green: Who is investing in energy efficiency, and why it matters
75
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
EnergyIntensive
Non EnergyIntensive
EnergyIntensive
Non EnergyIntensive
EnergyIntensive
Non EnergyIntensive
Latvia EU US
9
34
57
91
Invested Not InvestedInvested also in EE Invested but not in EE
0
5
10
15
20
25
Latvia EU US Construction Infrastructure Manufacturing Services SME Large
Country Sector Size
2019 2018
Summary Energy efficiency (EE) investment
A. Share of firms investing in EE and other areas (%)
B. Share of firms investing in EE (%), by energy intensity
Q: What proportion of the total investment was for EE improvements or/and other areas in your organisation? Base: all firms Note: Investment decision is a binary variable that takes the value of one when firms surveyed have invested and 0 otherwise Note: Sectors are divided in energy intensive and non-energy intensive using clustering analysis. Energy intensive sectors are the following (using 2-digit NACE codes): 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 19, 20, 22, 23, 24, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 49, 50, 51 C. Proportion of firms’ total investment for measures to improve EE (%)
Q: What proportion of the total investment was primarily for measures to improve energy efficiency in your organisation? Base: All firms which have invested (data not shown for those who said don’t know/refused)
LATVIA – ENERGY EFFICIENCY
• Two fifths of firms that invest in Latvia, also invest in EE (34% of all firms).
• Firms in Latvia allocate 13% of their total investment in EE improvements, more than the EU and the US average. This proportion is higher in energy intensive sectors such as infrastructure.
• Firms in Latvia report a third of their building stock to be of high or highest energy efficiency (EE) standards, compared to two fifths in the EU and similar to the US.
• Two thirds of the firms surveyed in Latvia with an energy audit invest in EE improvements.
• Two fifths of the firms surveyed in Latvia had an energy audit in the past three years, similar to the EU and compared to a third in the US. The implementation rate of energy audits increases with size and is particularly high in energy intensive sectors.
• Firms in Latvia are more likely to invest in EE improvements when they implement advanced management practices.
• Firms that are more affected by energy costs are more likely to invest in EE improvements.
Going green: Who is investing in energy efficiency, and why it matters
76
65
35
With an Audit
Invested also in EEInvested but not in EE
31
69
Without an Audit
Invested also in EEInvested but not in EE
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Latvia EU US Construction Infrastructure Manufacturing Services SME Large
Country Sector Size
2019 2017
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Latvia EU US Construction Infrastructure Manufacturing Services SME Large
Country Sector Size
2019 2016
D. Perceived share of building stock of high or highest energy efficiency standards (%)
Q: What proportion, if any, of your commercial building stock satisfies high or highest energy efficiency standards? Base: All firms (data not shown for those who said don’t know/refused) Factors affecting Energy efficiency (EE) investments
A. Energy audits and energy-efficiency investment decisions Q: Can I check, in the past three years has your company had an energy audit? By this I mean an assessment of the energy needs and efficiency of your company’s building or buildings. Base: All firms which have invested (data not shown for those who said don’t know/refused) A1. Share of firms with an energy audit in the past three years (%)
Base: All firms (data not shown for those who said no/don’t know/refused)
LATVIA – ENERGY EFFICIENCY
Going green: Who is investing in energy efficiency, and why it matters
77
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
Energy Intensive Non Energy Intensive Energy Intensive Non Energy Intensive Energy Intensive Non Energy Intensive
Latvia EU US
Energy costsBusiness
regulationsUncertainty about
the futureAvailability of skilled staff
Availability of finance
Non Energy Intensive
Energy Intensive
Construction
Infrastructure
Manufacturing
Services
SME
Large
Total
83
73
74
71
83
85
79
86
82
50
68
41
68
62
62
59
71
65
50
52
52
55
47
59
54
29
41
39
57
48
55
49
31
47
14
31
70
68
59
68
68
87
72
57
65
79
77
82
70
79
80
79
60
69
34
54
27
48
44
43
39
80
60
50
44
59
55
39
43
48
40
44
42
57
45
48
53
41
47
40
44
66
74
67
80
69
61
70
40
55
Invested also in EE Invested but not in EE
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Austria
Czech Republic
Hungary
Luxembourg
France
Estonia
Greece
United Kingdom
Denmark
Finland
USA
Germany
Croatia
Portugal
Sweden
Poland
EU Latvia
Lithuania
Ireland
Netherlands
Romania
Belgium
Slovakia
Spain
Slovenia
Bulgaria
Italy
Cyprus
A2. Share of firms with an energy audit in the past three years (%), by energy intensity
Q: Can I check, in the past three years has your company had an energy audit? By this I mean an assessment of the energy needs and efficiency of your company’s building or buildings. Base: All firms (data not shown for those who said no/don’t know/refused) B. Difference in the probability of investing in EE by firms with advanced managerial practices (%)
Note: Firms with advanced management practices are those that have a pay performance practice and/or a strategic monitoring system
C. Long term barriers to investment
Q: Thinking about your investment activities, to what extent are the above-mentioned an obstacle? Is a major obstacle, a minor obstacle or not an obstacle at all? Base: All firms (data not shown for those who said a minor obstacle/not an obstacle at all/don’t know/refused)
LATVIA – ENERGY EFFICIENCY
Going green: Who is investing in energy efficiency, and why it matters
78
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Latvia EU US Construction Infrastructure Manufacturing Services SME Large
Country Sector Size
2019 2016
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Energy Intensive Non Energy Intensive Energy Intensive Non Energy Intensive Energy Intensive Non Energy Intensive
Latvia EU US
D. Energy costs as major obstacle to investment (%) Q: Thinking about your investment activities, to what extent are energy costs an obstacle? Is a major obstacle, a minor obstacle or not an obstacle at all? Base: All firms (data not shown for those who said a minor obstacle/not an obstacle at all/don’t know/refused) D1. Energy costs as major obstacle to investment (%), by energy intensity Base: All firms (data not shown for those who said a minor obstacle/not an obstacle at all/don’t know/refused)
LATVIA – ENERGY EFFICIENCY
Going green: Who is investing in energy efficiency, and why it matters
79
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
EnergyIntensive
Non EnergyIntensive
EnergyIntensive
Non EnergyIntensive
EnergyIntensive
Non EnergyIntensive
Lithuania EU US
12
24
6488
Invested Not InvestedInvested also in EE Invested but not in EE
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Lithuania EU US Construction Infrastructure Manufacturing Services SME Large
Country Sector Size
2019 2018
Summary Energy efficiency (EE) investment
A. Share of firms investing in EE and other areas (%)
B. Share of firms investing in EE (%), by energy intensity
Q: What proportion of the total investment was for EE improvements or/and other areas in your organisation? Base: all firms Note: Investment decision is a binary variable that takes the value of one when firms surveyed have invested and 0 otherwise Note: Sectors are divided in energy intensive and non-energy intensive using clustering analysis. Energy intensive sectors are the following (using 2-digit NACE codes): 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 19, 20, 22, 23, 24, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 49, 50, 51 C. Proportion of firms’ total investment for measures to improve EE (%)
Q: What proportion of the total investment was primarily for measures to improve energy efficiency in your organisation? Base: All firms which have invested (data not shown for those who said don’t know/refused)
LITHUANIA – ENERGY EFFICIENCY
• Less than a third of firms that invest in Lithuania, also invest in EE (24% of all firms).
• Firms in Lithuania allocate 7% of their total investment in EE improvements, less than the EU and the US average. This proportion is higher in energy intensive sectors such as manufacturing and infrastructure.
• Firms in Lithuania report 15% of their building stock to be of high or highest energy efficiency (EE) standards, a share significantly below that of EU and US counterparts (two fifths and a third, respectively).
• Half of the firms surveyed in Lithuania with an energy audit invest in EE improvements.
• Almost two fifths of the firms surveyed in Lithuania had an energy audit in the past three years, similar to the EU and compared to a third in the US. The implementation rate of energy audits increases with size and is particularly high in energy intensive sectors.
• Firms in Lithuania are more likely to invest in EE improvements when they implement advanced management practices.
Going green: Who is investing in energy efficiency, and why it matters
80
52
48
With an Audit
Invested also in EEInvested but not in EE
21
79
Without an Audit
Invested also in EEInvested but not in EE
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Lithuania EU US Construction Infrastructure Manufacturing Services SME Large
Country Sector Size
2019 2017
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
Lithuania EU US Construction Infrastructure Manufacturing Services SME Large
Country Sector Size
2019 2016
D. Perceived share of building stock of high or highest energy efficiency standards (%)
Q: What proportion, if any, of your commercial building stock satisfies high or highest energy efficiency standards? Base: All firms (data not shown for those who said don’t know/refused) Factors affecting Energy efficiency (EE) investments
A. Energy audits and energy-efficiency investment decisions Q: Can I check, in the past three years has your company had an energy audit? By this I mean an assessment of the energy needs and efficiency of your company’s building or buildings. Base: All firms which have invested (data not shown for those who said don’t know/refused) A1. Share of firms with an energy audit in the past three years (%)
Base: All firms (data not shown for those who said no/don’t know/refused)
LITHUANIA – ENERGY EFFICIENCY
Going green: Who is investing in energy efficiency, and why it matters
81
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
Energy Intensive Non Energy Intensive Energy Intensive Non Energy Intensive Energy Intensive Non Energy Intensive
Lithuania EU US
Energy costsBusiness
regulationsUncertainty about
the futureAvailability of skilled staff
Availability of finance
Non Energy Intensive
Energy Intensive
Construction
Infrastructure
Manufacturing
Services
SME
Large
Total
55
55
45
57
59
47
56
33
44
13
40
5
39
33
11
26
8
17
30
24
35
32
20
14
23
25
24
26
14
20
25
22
28
25
8
17
47
43
65
50
46
17
44
25
34
56
45
56
45
51
57
52
60
56
12
30
18
30
16
9
17
30
24
26
26
28
30
16
30
26
30
28
26
24
37
22
26
18
25
30
28
38
41
42
38
40
36
39
50
44
Invested also in EE Invested but not in EE
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Austria
Czech Republic
Hungary
Luxembourg
France
Estonia
Greece
United Kingdom
Denmark
Finland
USA
Germany
Croatia
Portugal
Sweden
Poland
EU Latvia
Lithuania
Ireland
Netherlands
Romania
Belgium
Slovakia
Spain
Slovenia
Bulgaria
Italy
Cyprus
A2. Share of firms with an energy audit in the past three years (%), by energy intensity
Q: Can I check, in the past three years has your company had an energy audit? By this I mean an assessment of the energy needs and efficiency of your company’s building or buildings. Base: All firms (data not shown for those who said no/don’t know/refused) B. Difference in the probability of investing in EE by firms with advanced managerial practices (%)
Note: Firms with advanced management practices are those that have a pay performance practice and/or a strategic monitoring system
C. Long term barriers to investment
Q: Thinking about your investment activities, to what extent are the above-mentioned an obstacle? Is a major obstacle, a minor obstacle or not an obstacle at all? Base: All firms (data not shown for those who said a minor obstacle/not an obstacle at all/don’t know/refused)
LITHUANIA – ENERGY EFFICIENCY
Going green: Who is investing in energy efficiency, and why it matters
82
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
Lithuania EU US Construction Infrastructure Manufacturing Services SME Large
Country Sector Size
2019 2016
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Energy Intensive Non Energy Intensive Energy Intensive Non Energy Intensive Energy Intensive Non Energy Intensive
Lithuania EU US
D. Energy costs as major obstacle to investment (%) Q: Thinking about your investment activities, to what extent are energy costs an obstacle? Is a major obstacle, a minor obstacle or not an obstacle at all? Base: All firms (data not shown for those who said a minor obstacle/not an obstacle at all/don’t know/refused) D1. Energy costs as major obstacle to investment (%), by energy intensity Base: All firms (data not shown for those who said a minor obstacle/not an obstacle at all/don’t know/refused)
LITHUANIA – ENERGY EFFICIENCY
Going green: Who is investing in energy efficiency, and why it matters
83
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
EnergyIntensive
Non EnergyIntensive
EnergyIntensive
Non EnergyIntensive
EnergyIntensive
Non EnergyIntensive
Luxembourg EU US
17
33
50
83
Invested Not InvestedInvested also in EE Invested but not in EE
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
Luxembourg EU US Construction Infrastructure Manufacturing Services SME Large
Country Sector Size
2019 2018
Summary Energy efficiency (EE) investment
A. Share of firms investing in EE and other areas (%)
B. Share of firms investing in EE (%), by energy intensity
Q: What proportion of the total investment was for EE improvements or/and other areas in your organisation? Base: all firms Note: Investment decision is a binary variable that takes the value of one when firms surveyed have invested and 0 otherwise Note: Sectors are divided in energy intensive and non-energy intensive using clustering analysis. Energy intensive sectors are the following (using 2-digit NACE codes): 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 19, 20, 22, 23, 24, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 49, 50, 51 C. Proportion of firms’ total investment for measures to improve EE (%)
Q: What proportion of the total investment was primarily for measures to improve energy efficiency in your organisation? Base: All firms which have invested (data not shown for those who said don’t know/refused)
LUXEMBOURG – ENERGY EFFICIENCY
• Two fifths of firms that invest in Luxembourg, also invest in EE (33% of all firms).
• Firms in Luxembourg allocate 12% of their total investment in EE improvements, more than the EU and the US average. This proportion is higher in energy intensive sectors such as manufacturing.
• Firms in Luxembourg report a third of their building stock to be of high or highest energy efficiency (EE) standards, compared to two fifths in the EU and similar to the US.
• Two thirds of the firms surveyed in Luxembourg with an energy audit invest in EE improvements.
• Almost a fourth of the firms surveyed in Luxembourg had an energy audit in the past three years, compared to two fifths in the EU and a third in the US. The implementation rate of energy audits increases with size and is particularly high in energy intensive sectors.
• Firms in Luxembourg are more likely to invest in EE improvements when they implement advanced management practices.
• Firms that are more affected by energy costs are more likely to invest in EE improvements.
Going green: Who is investing in energy efficiency, and why it matters
84
66
34
With an Audit
Invested also in EEInvested but not in EE
30
70
Without an Audit
Invested also in EEInvested but not in EE
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
Luxembourg EU US Construction Infrastructure Manufacturing Services SME Large
Country Sector Size
2019 2017
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
Luxembourg EU US Construction Infrastructure Manufacturing Services SME Large
Country Sector Size
2019 2016
D. Perceived share of building stock of high or highest energy efficiency standards (%)
Q: What proportion, if any, of your commercial building stock satisfies high or highest energy efficiency standards? Base: All firms (data not shown for those who said don’t know/refused) Factors affecting Energy efficiency (EE) investments
A. Energy audits and energy-efficiency investment decisions Q: Can I check, in the past three years has your company had an energy audit? By this I mean an assessment of the energy needs and efficiency of your company’s building or buildings. Base: All firms which have invested (data not shown for those who said don’t know/refused) A1. Share of firms with an energy audit in the past three years (%)
Base: All firms (data not shown for those who said no/don’t know/refused)
LUXEMBOURG – ENERGY EFFICIENCY
Going green: Who is investing in energy efficiency, and why it matters
85
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
Energy Intensive Non Energy Intensive Energy Intensive Non Energy Intensive Energy Intensive Non Energy Intensive
Luxembourg EU US
Energy costsBusiness
regulationsUncertainty about
the futureAvailability of skilled staff
Availability of finance
Non Energy Intensive
Energy Intensive
Construction
Infrastructure
Manufacturing
Services
SME
Large
Total
54
47
43
56
56
45
54
27
41
7
24
7
11
15
5
9
18
14
7
18
22
7
15
13
7
12
6
7
11
15
5
10
9
10
15
18
7
17
30
15
21
9
15
57
63
68
65
47
45
58
50
54
3
26
22
7
5
9
5
12
11
4
9
13
23
13
6
10
26
4
35
7
9
14
13
13
13
26
8
30
13
14
16
25
20
Invested also in EE Invested but not in EE
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Austria
Czech Republic
Hungary
Luxembourg
France
Estonia
Greece
United Kingdom
Denmark
Finland
USA
Germany
Croatia
Portugal
Sweden
Poland
EU Latvia
Lithuania
Ireland
Netherlands
Romania
Belgium
Slovakia
Spain
Slovenia
Bulgaria
Italy
Cyprus
A2. Share of firms with an energy audit in the past three years (%), by energy intensity
Q: Can I check, in the past three years has your company had an energy audit? By this I mean an assessment of the energy needs and efficiency of your company’s building or buildings. Base: All firms (data not shown for those who said no/don’t know/refused) B. Difference in the probability of investing in EE by firms with advanced managerial practices (%)
Note: Firms with advanced management practices are those that have a pay performance practice and/or a strategic monitoring system
C. Long term barriers to investment
Q: Thinking about your investment activities, to what extent are the above-mentioned an obstacle? Is a major obstacle, a minor obstacle or not an obstacle at all? Base: All firms (data not shown for those who said a minor obstacle/not an obstacle at all/don’t know/refused)
LUXEMBOURG – ENERGY EFFICIENCY
Going green: Who is investing in energy efficiency, and why it matters
86
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Luxembourg EU US Construction Infrastructure Manufacturing Services SME Large
Country Sector Size
2019 2016
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Energy Intensive Non Energy Intensive Energy Intensive Non Energy Intensive Energy Intensive Non Energy Intensive
Luxembourg EU US
D. Energy costs as major obstacle to investment (%) Q: Thinking about your investment activities, to what extent are energy costs an obstacle? Is a major obstacle, a minor obstacle or not an obstacle at all? Base: All firms (data not shown for those who said a minor obstacle/not an obstacle at all/don’t know/refused) D1. Energy costs as major obstacle to investment (%), by energy intensity Base: All firms (data not shown for those who said a minor obstacle/not an obstacle at all/don’t know/refused)
LUXEMBOURG – ENERGY EFFICIENCY
Going green: Who is investing in energy efficiency, and why it matters
87
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
EnergyIntensive
Non EnergyIntensive
EnergyIntensive
Non EnergyIntensive
EnergyIntensive
Non EnergyIntensive
Malta EU US
6
36
58
94
Invested Not InvestedInvested also in EE Invested but not in EE
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
Malta EU US Construction Infrastructure Manufacturing Services SME Large
Country Sector Size
2019 2018
Summary Energy efficiency (EE) investment
A. Share of firms investing in EE and other areas (%)
B. Share of firms investing in EE (%), by energy intensity
Q: What proportion of the total investment was for EE improvements or/and other areas in your organisation? Base: all firms Note: Investment decision is a binary variable that takes the value of one when firms surveyed have invested and 0 otherwise Note: Sectors are divided in energy intensive and non-energy intensive using clustering analysis. Energy intensive sectors are the following (using 2-digit NACE codes): 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 19, 20, 22, 23, 24, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 49, 50, 51 C. Proportion of firms’ total investment for measures to improve EE (%)
Q: What proportion of the total investment was primarily for measures to improve energy efficiency in your organisation? Base: All firms which have invested (data not shown for those who said don’t know/refused)
MALTA – ENERGY EFFICIENCY
• Two fifths of firms that invest in Malta, also invest in EE (36% of all firms). This share rises to 48% for the energy intensive sectors.
• Firms in Malta allocate 12% of their total investment in EE improvements, more than the EU and the US average. This proportion is higher in energy intensive sectors such as manufacturing and infrastructure.
• Firms in Malta report two fifths of their building stock to be of high or highest energy efficiency (EE) standards, similar to the EU and compared to a third in the US.
• Almost two thirds of the firms surveyed in Malta with an energy audit invest in EE improvements.
• A fourth of the firms surveyed in Malta had an energy audit in the past three years, compared to two fifths in the EU and a third in the US. The implementation rate of energy audits increases with size and is particularly high in energy intensive sectors.
• Firms that are more affected by energy costs are more likely to invest in EE improvements.
Going green: Who is investing in energy efficiency, and why it matters
88
62
38
With an Audit
Invested also in EEInvested but not in EE
33
67
Without an Audit
Invested also in EEInvested but not in EE
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Malta EU US Construction Infrastructure Manufacturing Services SME Large
Country Sector Size
2019 2017
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Malta EU US Construction Infrastructure Manufacturing Services SME Large
Country Sector Size
2019 2016
D. Perceived share of building stock of high or highest energy efficiency standards (%)
Q: What proportion, if any, of your commercial building stock satisfies high or highest energy efficiency standards? Base: All firms (data not shown for those who said don’t know/refused) Factors affecting Energy efficiency (EE) investments
A. Energy audits and energy-efficiency investment decisions Q: Can I check, in the past three years has your company had an energy audit? By this I mean an assessment of the energy needs and efficiency of your company’s building or buildings. Base: All firms which have invested (data not shown for those who said don’t know/refused) A1. Share of firms with an energy audit in the past three years (%)
Base: All firms (data not shown for those who said no/don’t know/refused)
MALTA – ENERGY EFFICIENCY
Going green: Who is investing in energy efficiency, and why it matters
89
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
Energy Intensive Non Energy Intensive Energy Intensive Non Energy Intensive Energy Intensive Non Energy Intensive
Malta EU US
Energy costsBusiness
regulationsUncertainty about
the futureAvailability of skilled staff
Availability of finance
Non Energy Intensive
Energy Intensive
Construction
Infrastructure
Manufacturing
Services
SME
Large
Total
88
77
100
85
76
88
83
88
85
14
27
15
24
15
20
10
14
5
33
12
18
15
8
12
23
33
23
24
15
23
11
21
23
31
24
18
21
25
23
78
70
89
73
82
72
78
33
56
13
20
7
18
19
15
8
17
10
22
7
11
21
16
8
19
30
22
13
21
26
22
33
28
16
20
11
20
29
9
17
9
Invested also in EE Invested but not in EE
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Austria
Czech Republic
Hungary
Luxembourg
France
Estonia
Greece
United Kingdom
Denmark
Finland
USA
Germany
Croatia
Portugal
Sweden
Poland
EU Latvia
Lithuania
Ireland
Netherlands
Romania
Belgium
Slovakia
Spain
Slovenia
Bulgaria
Italy
Cyprus
A2. Share of firms with an energy audit in the past three years (%), by energy intensity
Q: Can I check, in the past three years has your company had an energy audit? By this I mean an assessment of the energy needs and efficiency of your company’s building or buildings. Base: All firms (data not shown for those who said no/don’t know/refused) B. Difference in the probability of investing in EE by firms with advanced managerial practices (%)
Note: Firms with advanced management practices are those that have a pay performance practice and/or a strategic monitoring system
C. Long term barriers to investment
Q: Thinking about your investment activities, to what extent are the above-mentioned an obstacle? Is a major obstacle, a minor obstacle or not an obstacle at all? Base: All firms (data not shown for those who said a minor obstacle/not an obstacle at all/don’t know/refused)
MALTA – ENERGY EFFICIENCY
Going green: Who is investing in energy efficiency, and why it matters
90
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Malta EU US Construction Infrastructure Manufacturing Services SME Large
Country Sector Size
2019 2016
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Energy Intensive Non Energy Intensive Energy Intensive Non Energy Intensive Energy Intensive Non Energy Intensive
Malta EU US
D. Energy costs as major obstacle to investment (%) Q: Thinking about your investment activities, to what extent are energy costs an obstacle? Is a major obstacle, a minor obstacle or not an obstacle at all? Base: All firms (data not shown for those who said a minor obstacle/not an obstacle at all/don’t know/refused) D1. Energy costs as major obstacle to investment (%), by energy intensity Base: All firms (data not shown for those who said a minor obstacle/not an obstacle at all/don’t know/refused)
MALTA – ENERGY EFFICIENCY
Going green: Who is investing in energy efficiency, and why it matters
91
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
EnergyIntensive
Non EnergyIntensive
EnergyIntensive
Non EnergyIntensive
EnergyIntensive
Non EnergyIntensive
Netherlands EU US
11
34
55
89
Invested Not InvestedInvested also in EE Invested but not in EE
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Netherlands EU US Construction Infrastructure Manufacturing Services SME Large
Country Sector Size
2019 2018
Summary Energy efficiency (EE) investment
A. Share of firms investing in EE and other areas (%)
B. Share of firms investing in EE (%), by energy intensity
Q: What proportion of the total investment was for EE improvements or/and other areas in your organisation? Base: all firms Note: Investment decision is a binary variable that takes the value of one when firms surveyed have invested and 0 otherwise Note: Sectors are divided in energy intensive and non-energy intensive using clustering analysis. Energy intensive sectors are the following (using 2-digit NACE codes): 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 19, 20, 22, 23, 24, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 49, 50, 51 C. Proportion of firms’ total investment for measures to improve EE (%)
Q: What proportion of the total investment was primarily for measures to improve energy efficiency in your organisation? Base: All firms which have invested (data not shown for those who said don’t know/refused)
NETHERLANDS – ENERGY EFFICIENCY
• Less than two fifths of firms that invest in Netherlands, also invest in EE (34% of all firms).
• Firms in Netherlands allocate 8% of their total investment in EE improvements, less than the EU and the US average.
• Firms in Netherlands report two fifths of their building stock to be of high or highest energy efficiency (EE) standards, similar to the EU and compared to a third in the US.
• More than half of the firms surveyed in Netherlands with an energy audit invest in EE improvements.
• Almost two fifths of the firms surveyed in Netherlands had an energy audit in the past three years, similar to the EU and compared to a third in the US. The implementation rate of energy audits increases with size and is particularly high in energy intensive sectors.
• Firms in Netherlands are more likely to invest in EE improvements when they implement advanced management practices.
• Firms that are more affected by energy costs are more likely to invest in EE improvements.
Going green: Who is investing in energy efficiency, and why it matters
92
54
46
With an Audit
Invested also in EEInvested but not in EE
26
74
Without an Audit
Invested also in EEInvested but not in EE
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Netherlands EU US Construction Infrastructure Manufacturing Services SME Large
Country Sector Size
2019 2017
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Netherlands EU US Construction Infrastructure Manufacturing Services SME Large
Country Sector Size
2019 2016
D. Perceived share of building stock of high or highest energy efficiency standards (%)
Q: What proportion, if any, of your commercial building stock satisfies high or highest energy efficiency standards? Base: All firms (data not shown for those who said don’t know/refused) Factors affecting Energy efficiency (EE) investments
A. Energy audits and energy-efficiency investment decisions Q: Can I check, in the past three years has your company had an energy audit? By this I mean an assessment of the energy needs and efficiency of your company’s building or buildings. Base: All firms which have invested (data not shown for those who said don’t know/refused) A1. Share of firms with an energy audit in the past three years (%)
Base: All firms (data not shown for those who said no/don’t know/refused)
NETHERLANDS – ENERGY EFFICIENCY
Going green: Who is investing in energy efficiency, and why it matters
93
05
101520253035404550
Energy Intensive Non Energy Intensive Energy Intensive Non Energy Intensive Energy Intensive Non Energy Intensive
Netherlands EU US
Energy costsBusiness
regulationsUncertainty about
the futureAvailability of skilled staff
Availability of finance
Non Energy Intensive
Energy Intensive
Construction
Infrastructure
Manufacturing
Services
SME
Large
Total
43
44
49
26
49
29
40
36
38
10
22
5
9
15
13
11
10
11
16
17
20
11
13
16
16
12
14
8
14
10
9
13
2
11
3
7
8
8
7
7
7
13
7
12
9
42
38
40
39
46
37
40
46
43
4
13
2
5
8
8
7
3
8
10
5
11
6
12
8
13
10
4
8
6
9
3
5
4
5
4
8
5
8
7
5
4
5
Invested also in EE Invested but not in EE
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Austria
Czech Republic
Hungary
Luxembourg
France
Estonia
Greece
United Kingdom
Denmark
Finland
USA
Germany
Croatia
Portugal
Sweden
Poland
EU Latvia
Lithuania
Ireland
Netherlands
Romania
Belgium
Slovakia
Spain
Slovenia
Bulgaria
Italy
Cyprus
A2. Share of firms with an energy audit in the past three years (%), by energy intensity
Q: Can I check, in the past three years has your company had an energy audit? By this I mean an assessment of the energy needs and efficiency of your company’s building or buildings. Base: All firms (data not shown for those who said no/don’t know/refused) B. Difference in the probability of investing in EE by firms with advanced managerial practices (%)
Note: Firms with advanced management practices are those that have a pay performance practice and/or a strategic monitoring system
C. Long term barriers to investment
Q: Thinking about your investment activities, to what extent are the above-mentioned an obstacle? Is a major obstacle, a minor obstacle or not an obstacle at all? Base: All firms (data not shown for those who said a minor obstacle/not an obstacle at all/don’t know/refused)
NETHERLANDS – ENERGY EFFICIENCY
Going green: Who is investing in energy efficiency, and why it matters
94
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Netherlands EU US Construction Infrastructure Manufacturing Services SME Large
Country Sector Size
2019 2016
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Energy Intensive Non Energy Intensive Energy Intensive Non Energy Intensive Energy Intensive Non Energy Intensive
Netherlands EU US
D. Energy costs as major obstacle to investment (%) Q: Thinking about your investment activities, to what extent are energy costs an obstacle? Is a major obstacle, a minor obstacle or not an obstacle at all? Base: All firms (data not shown for those who said a minor obstacle/not an obstacle at all/don’t know/refused) D1. Energy costs as major obstacle to investment (%), by energy intensity Base: All firms (data not shown for those who said a minor obstacle/not an obstacle at all/don’t know/refused)
NETHERLANDS – ENERGY EFFICIENCY
Going green: Who is investing in energy efficiency, and why it matters
95
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
EnergyIntensive
Non EnergyIntensive
EnergyIntensive
Non EnergyIntensive
EnergyIntensive
Non EnergyIntensive
Poland EU US
11
33
57
90
Invested Not InvestedInvested also in EE Invested but not in EE
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Poland EU US Construction Infrastructure Manufacturing Services SME Large
Country Sector Size
2019 2018
Summary Energy efficiency (EE) investment
A. Share of firms investing in EE and other areas (%)
B. Share of firms investing in EE (%), by energy intensity
Q: What proportion of the total investment was for EE improvements or/and other areas in your organisation? Base: all firms Note: Investment decision is a binary variable that takes the value of one when firms surveyed have invested and 0 otherwise Note: Sectors are divided in energy intensive and non-energy intensive using clustering analysis. Energy intensive sectors are the following (using 2-digit NACE codes): 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 19, 20, 22, 23, 24, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 49, 50, 51 C. Proportion of firms’ total investment for measures to improve EE (%)
Q: What proportion of the total investment was primarily for measures to improve energy efficiency in your organisation? Base: All firms which have invested (data not shown for those who said don’t know/refused)
POLAND – ENERGY EFFICIENCY
• Almost two fifths of firms that invest in Poland, also invest in EE (33% of all firms).
• Firms in Poland allocate 7% of their total investment in EE improvements, less than the EU and the US average. This proportion is higher in energy intensive sectors such as infrastructure.
• Firms in Poland report a fifth of their building stock to be of high or highest energy efficiency (EE) standards, a share significantly below that of EU and US counterparts (two fifths and a third, respectively).
• Almost half of the firms surveyed in Poland with an energy audit invest in EE improvements.
• More than half of the firms surveyed in Poland had an energy audit in the past three years, compared to two fifths in the EU and a third in the US. The implementation rate of energy audits increases with size and is particularly high in energy intensive sectors.
• Firms in Poland are more likely to invest in EE improvements when they implement advanced management practices.
Going green: Who is investing in energy efficiency, and why it matters
96
48
52
With an Audit
Invested also in EEInvested but not in EE
31
69
Without an Audit
Invested also in EEInvested but not in EE
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Poland EU US Construction Infrastructure Manufacturing Services SME Large
Country Sector Size
2019 2017
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
Poland EU US Construction Infrastructure Manufacturing Services SME Large
Country Sector Size
2019 2016
D. Perceived share of building stock of high or highest energy efficiency standards (%)
Q: What proportion, if any, of your commercial building stock satisfies high or highest energy efficiency standards? Base: All firms (data not shown for those who said don’t know/refused) Factors affecting Energy efficiency (EE) investments
A. Energy audits and energy-efficiency investment decisions Q: Can I check, in the past three years has your company had an energy audit? By this I mean an assessment of the energy needs and efficiency of your company’s building or buildings. Base: All firms which have invested (data not shown for those who said don’t know/refused) A1. Share of firms with an energy audit in the past three years (%)
Base: All firms (data not shown for those who said no/don’t know/refused)
POLAND – ENERGY EFFICIENCY
Going green: Who is investing in energy efficiency, and why it matters
97
05
101520253035404550
Energy Intensive Non Energy Intensive Energy Intensive Non Energy Intensive Energy Intensive Non Energy Intensive
Poland EU US
Energy costsBusiness
regulationsUncertainty about
the futureAvailability of skilled staff
Availability of finance
Non Energy Intensive
Energy Intensive
Construction
Infrastructure
Manufacturing
Services
SME
Large
Total
71
72
82
62
85
53
71
70
70
51
65
55
60
62
35
56
48
52
38
35
32
38
26
35
33
27
30
25
20
36
19
29
16
23
27
25
47
52
64
47
47
51
53
36
44
69
66
78
57
79
63
66
84
75
36
66
33
49
60
45
46
60
53
43
42
44
46
39
43
44
32
38
27
30
33
29
30
23
28
36
32
56
48
60
51
56
50
54
56
55
Invested also in EE Invested but not in EE
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Austria
Czech Republic
Hungary
Luxembourg
France
Estonia
Greece
United Kingdom
Denmark
Finland
USA
Germany
Croatia
Portugal
Sweden
Poland
EU Latvia
Lithuania
Ireland
Netherlands
Romania
Belgium
Slovakia
Spain
Slovenia
Bulgaria
Italy
Cyprus
A2. Share of firms with an energy audit in the past three years (%), by energy intensity
Q: Can I check, in the past three years has your company had an energy audit? By this I mean an assessment of the energy needs and efficiency of your company’s building or buildings. Base: All firms (data not shown for those who said no/don’t know/refused) B. Difference in the probability of investing in EE by firms with advanced managerial practices (%)
Note: Firms with advanced management practices are those that have a pay performance practice and/or a strategic monitoring system
C. Long term barriers to investment
Q: Thinking about your investment activities, to what extent are the above-mentioned an obstacle? Is a major obstacle, a minor obstacle or not an obstacle at all? Base: All firms (data not shown for those who said a minor obstacle/not an obstacle at all/don’t know/refused)
POLAND – ENERGY EFFICIENCY
Going green: Who is investing in energy efficiency, and why it matters
98
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Poland EU US Construction Infrastructure Manufacturing Services SME Large
Country Sector Size
2019 2016
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Energy Intensive Non Energy Intensive Energy Intensive Non Energy Intensive Energy Intensive Non Energy Intensive
Poland EU US
D. Energy costs as major obstacle to investment (%) Q: Thinking about your investment activities, to what extent are energy costs an obstacle? Is a major obstacle, a minor obstacle or not an obstacle at all? Base: All firms (data not shown for those who said a minor obstacle/not an obstacle at all/don’t know/refused) D1. Energy costs as major obstacle to investment (%), by energy intensity Base: All firms (data not shown for those who said a minor obstacle/not an obstacle at all/don’t know/refused)
POLAND – ENERGY EFFICIENCY
Going green: Who is investing in energy efficiency, and why it matters
99
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
EnergyIntensive
Non EnergyIntensive
EnergyIntensive
Non EnergyIntensive
EnergyIntensive
Non EnergyIntensive
Portugal EU US
5
45
50
95
Invested Not InvestedInvested also in EE Invested but not in EE
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
Portugal EU US Construction Infrastructure Manufacturing Services SME Large
Country Sector Size
2019 2018
Summary Energy efficiency (EE) investment
A. Share of firms investing in EE and other areas (%)
B. Share of firms investing in EE (%), by energy intensity
Q: What proportion of the total investment was for EE improvements or/and other areas in your organisation? Base: all firms Note: Investment decision is a binary variable that takes the value of one when firms surveyed have invested and 0 otherwise Note: Sectors are divided in energy intensive and non-energy intensive using clustering analysis. Energy intensive sectors are the following (using 2-digit NACE codes): 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 19, 20, 22, 23, 24, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 49, 50, 51 C. Proportion of firms’ total investment for measures to improve EE (%)
Q: What proportion of the total investment was primarily for measures to improve energy efficiency in your organisation? Base: All firms which have invested (data not shown for those who said don’t know/refused)
PORTUGAL – ENERGY EFFICIENCY
• Half of firms that invest in Portugal, also invest in EE (45% of all firms). This share jumps to 60% for the energy intensive sectors.
• Firms in Portugal allocate more than a tenth of their total investment in EE improvements, similar to the EU and the US average. This proportion is higher in energy intensive sectors such as infrastructure.
• Firms in Portugal report more than a third of their building stock to be of high or highest energy efficiency (EE) standards, compared to two fifths in the EU and similar to the US.
• Two thirds of the firms surveyed in Portugal with an energy audit invest in EE improvements.
• More than two fifths of the firms surveyed in Portugal had an energy audit in the past three years, similar to the EU and compared to a third in the US. The implementation rate of energy audits increases with size and is particularly high in energy intensive sectors.
• Firms in Portugal are more likely to invest in EE improvements when they implement advanced management practices.
• Firms that are more affected by energy costs are more likely to invest in EE improvements.
Going green: Who is investing in energy efficiency, and why it matters
100
62
38
With an Audit
Invested also in EEInvested but not in EE
38
62
Without an Audit
Invested also in EEInvested but not in EE
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Portugal EU US Construction Infrastructure Manufacturing Services SME Large
Country Sector Size
2019 2017
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
Portugal EU US Construction Infrastructure Manufacturing Services SME Large
Country Sector Size
2019 2016
D. Perceived share of building stock of high or highest energy efficiency standards (%)
Q: What proportion, if any, of your commercial building stock satisfies high or highest energy efficiency standards? Base: All firms (data not shown for those who said don’t know/refused) Factors affecting Energy efficiency (EE) investments
A. Energy audits and energy-efficiency investment decisions Q: Can I check, in the past three years has your company had an energy audit? By this I mean an assessment of the energy needs and efficiency of your company’s building or buildings. Base: All firms which have invested (data not shown for those who said don’t know/refused) A1. Share of firms with an energy audit in the past three years (%)
Base: All firms (data not shown for those who said no/don’t know/refused)
PORTUGAL – ENERGY EFFICIENCY
Going green: Who is investing in energy efficiency, and why it matters
101
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Energy Intensive Non Energy Intensive Energy Intensive Non Energy Intensive Energy Intensive Non Energy Intensive
Portugal EU US
Energy costsBusiness
regulationsUncertainty about
the futureAvailability of skilled staff
Availability of finance
Non Energy Intensive
Energy Intensive
Construction
Infrastructure
Manufacturing
Services
SME
Large
Total
53
42
59
35
49
52
52
38
45
52
68
41
57
66
61
61
51
56
46
50
46
43
51
46
51
36
44
16
21
26
20
21
9
20
16
18
49
56
38
50
59
52
52
51
51
47
40
52
38
51
42
45
47
46
39
60
30
42
60
48
43
53
48
45
44
43
38
53
45
46
37
41
17
18
17
17
23
15
17
23
20
46
45
46
38
55
45
46
43
45
Invested also in EE Invested but not in EE
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Austria
Czech Republic
Hungary
Luxembourg
France
Estonia
Greece
United Kingdom
Denmark
Finland
USA
Germany
Croatia
Portugal
Sweden
Poland
EU Latvia
Lithuania
Ireland
Netherlands
Romania
Belgium
Slovakia
Spain
Slovenia
Bulgaria
Italy
Cyprus
A2. Share of firms with an energy audit in the past three years (%), by energy intensity
Q: Can I check, in the past three years has your company had an energy audit? By this I mean an assessment of the energy needs and efficiency of your company’s building or buildings. Base: All firms (data not shown for those who said no/don’t know/refused) B. Difference in the probability of investing in EE by firms with advanced managerial practices (%)
Note: Firms with advanced management practices are those that have a pay performance practice and/or a strategic monitoring system
C. Long term barriers to investment
Q: Thinking about your investment activities, to what extent are the above-mentioned an obstacle? Is a major obstacle, a minor obstacle or not an obstacle at all? Base: All firms (data not shown for those who said a minor obstacle/not an obstacle at all/don’t know/refused)
PORTUGAL – ENERGY EFFICIENCY
Going green: Who is investing in energy efficiency, and why it matters
102
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Portugal EU US Construction Infrastructure Manufacturing Services SME Large
Country Sector Size
2019 2016
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Energy Intensive Non Energy Intensive Energy Intensive Non Energy Intensive Energy Intensive Non Energy Intensive
Portugal EU US
D. Energy costs as major obstacle to investment (%) Q: Thinking about your investment activities, to what extent are energy costs an obstacle? Is a major obstacle, a minor obstacle or not an obstacle at all? Base: All firms (data not shown for those who said a minor obstacle/not an obstacle at all/don’t know/refused) D1. Energy costs as major obstacle to investment (%), by energy intensity Base: All firms (data not shown for those who said a minor obstacle/not an obstacle at all/don’t know/refused)
PORTUGAL – ENERGY EFFICIENCY
Going green: Who is investing in energy efficiency, and why it matters
103
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
EnergyIntensive
Non EnergyIntensive
EnergyIntensive
Non EnergyIntensive
EnergyIntensive
Non EnergyIntensive
Romania EU US
20
25
5580
Invested Not InvestedInvested also in EE Invested but not in EE
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
Romania EU US Construction Infrastructure Manufacturing Services SME Large
Country Sector Size
2019 2018
Summary Energy efficiency (EE) investment
A. Share of firms investing in EE and other areas (%)
B. Share of firms investing in EE (%), by energy intensity
Q: What proportion of the total investment was for EE improvements or/and other areas in your organisation? Base: all firms Note: Investment decision is a binary variable that takes the value of one when firms surveyed have invested and 0 otherwise Note: Sectors are divided in energy intensive and non-energy intensive using clustering analysis. Energy intensive sectors are the following (using 2-digit NACE codes): 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 19, 20, 22, 23, 24, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 49, 50, 51 C. Proportion of firms’ total investment for measures to improve EE (%)
Q: What proportion of the total investment was primarily for measures to improve energy efficiency in your organisation? Base: All firms which have invested (data not shown for those who said don’t know/refused)
ROMANIA – ENERGY EFFICIENCY
• A third of firms that invest in Romania, also invest in EE (25% of all firms).
• Firms in Romania allocate a tenth of their total investment in EE improvements, similar to the EU and less than the US average.
• Firms in Romania report a third of their building stock to be of high or highest energy efficiency (EE) standards, compared to two fifths in the EU and similar to the US.
• Half of the firms surveyed in Romania with an energy audit invest in EE improvements.
• More than a third of the firms surveyed in Romania had an energy audit in the past three years, compared to two fifths in the EU and a third in the US. The implementation rate of energy audits increases with size and is particularly high in energy intensive sectors.
• Firms in Romania are more likely to invest in EE improvements when they implement advanced management practices.
• Firms that are more affected by energy costs are more likely to invest in EE improvements.
Going green: Who is investing in energy efficiency, and why it matters
104
52
48
With an Audit
Invested also in EEInvested but not in EE
25
75
Without an Audit
Invested also in EEInvested but not in EE
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
Romania EU US Construction Infrastructure Manufacturing Services SME Large
Country Sector Size
2019 2017
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Romania EU US Construction Infrastructure Manufacturing Services SME Large
Country Sector Size
2019 2016
D. Perceived share of building stock of high or highest energy efficiency standards (%)
Q: What proportion, if any, of your commercial building stock satisfies high or highest energy efficiency standards? Base: All firms (data not shown for those who said don’t know/refused) Factors affecting Energy efficiency (EE) investments
A. Energy audits and energy-efficiency investment decisions Q: Can I check, in the past three years has your company had an energy audit? By this I mean an assessment of the energy needs and efficiency of your company’s building or buildings. Base: All firms which have invested (data not shown for those who said don’t know/refused) A1. Share of firms with an energy audit in the past three years (%)
Base: All firms (data not shown for those who said no/don’t know/refused)
ROMANIA – ENERGY EFFICIENCY
Going green: Who is investing in energy efficiency, and why it matters
105
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
Energy Intensive Non Energy Intensive Energy Intensive Non Energy Intensive Energy Intensive Non Energy Intensive
Romania EU US
Energy costsBusiness
regulationsUncertainty about
the futureAvailability of skilled staff
Availability of finance
Non Energy Intensive
Energy Intensive
Construction
Infrastructure
Manufacturing
Services
SME
Large
Total
53
47
38
50
55
53
52
38
45
29
44
23
40
35
22
26
59
43
39
29
38
29
31
41
37
14
26
27
22
36
27
20
19
26
17
22
58
56
59
56
48
53
54
52
53
53
48
60
44
51
51
51
55
53
20
47
9
32
36
37
27
50
39
42
30
40
32
35
49
40
25
33
30
26
36
26
27
26
29
20
25
54
45
51
48
51
54
50
60
55
Invested also in EE Invested but not in EE
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Austria
Czech Republic
Hungary
Luxembourg
France
Estonia
Greece
United Kingdom
Denmark
Finland
USA
Germany
Croatia
Portugal
Sweden
Poland
EU Latvia
Lithuania
Ireland
Netherlands
Romania
Belgium
Slovakia
Spain
Slovenia
Bulgaria
Italy
Cyprus
A2. Share of firms with an energy audit in the past three years (%), by energy intensity
Q: Can I check, in the past three years has your company had an energy audit? By this I mean an assessment of the energy needs and efficiency of your company’s building or buildings. Base: All firms (data not shown for those who said no/don’t know/refused) B. Difference in the probability of investing in EE by firms with advanced managerial practices (%)
Note: Firms with advanced management practices are those that have a pay performance practice and/or a strategic monitoring system
C. Long term barriers to investment
Q: Thinking about your investment activities, to what extent are the above-mentioned an obstacle? Is a major obstacle, a minor obstacle or not an obstacle at all? Base: All firms (data not shown for those who said a minor obstacle/not an obstacle at all/don’t know/refused)
ROMANIA – ENERGY EFFICIENCY
Going green: Who is investing in energy efficiency, and why it matters
106
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Romania EU US Construction Infrastructure Manufacturing Services SME Large
Country Sector Size
2019 2016
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
Energy Intensive Non Energy Intensive Energy Intensive Non Energy Intensive Energy Intensive Non Energy Intensive
Romania EU US
D. Energy costs as major obstacle to investment (%) Q: Thinking about your investment activities, to what extent are energy costs an obstacle? Is a major obstacle, a minor obstacle or not an obstacle at all? Base: All firms (data not shown for those who said a minor obstacle/not an obstacle at all/don’t know/refused) D1. Energy costs as major obstacle to investment (%), by energy intensity Base: All firms (data not shown for those who said a minor obstacle/not an obstacle at all/don’t know/refused)
ROMANIA – ENERGY EFFICIENCY
Going green: Who is investing in energy efficiency, and why it matters
107
01020304050607080
EnergyIntensive
Non EnergyIntensive
EnergyIntensive
Non EnergyIntensive
EnergyIntensive
Non EnergyIntensive
Slovakia EU US
26
45
29
74
Invested Not InvestedInvested also in EE Invested but not in EE
0
5
10
15
20
25
Slovakia EU US Construction Infrastructure Manufacturing Services SME Large
Country Sector Size
2019 2018
Summary Energy efficiency (EE) investment
A. Share of firms investing in EE and other areas (%)
B. Share of firms investing in EE (%), by energy intensity
Q: What proportion of the total investment was for EE improvements or/and other areas in your organisation? Base: all firms Note: Investment decision is a binary variable that takes the value of one when firms surveyed have invested and 0 otherwise Note: Sectors are divided in energy intensive and non-energy intensive using clustering analysis. Energy intensive sectors are the following (using 2-digit NACE codes): 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 19, 20, 22, 23, 24, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 49, 50, 51 C. Proportion of firms’ total investment for measures to improve EE (%)
Q: What proportion of the total investment was primarily for measures to improve energy efficiency in your organisation? Base: All firms which have invested (data not shown for those who said don’t know/refused)
SLOVAKIA – ENERGY EFFICIENCY
• Three fifths of firms that invest in Slovakia, also invest in EE (45% of all firms). This share jumps to 74% for the energy intensive sectors.
• Firms in Slovakia allocate almost 15% of their total investment in EE improvements, more than the EU and the US average. This proportion is higher in energy intensive sectors such as infrastructure.
• Firms in Slovakia report two fifths of their building stock to be of high or highest energy efficiency (EE) standards, similar to the EU and compared to a third in the US.
• Three fourths of the firms surveyed in Slovakia with an energy audit invest in EE improvements.
• More than a third of the firms surveyed in Slovakia had an energy audit in the past three years, compared to two fifths in the EU and a third in the US. The implementation rate of energy audits increases with size.
• Firms in Slovakia are more likely to invest in EE improvements when they implement advanced management practices.
• Firms that are more affected by energy costs are more likely to invest in EE improvements.
Going green: Who is investing in energy efficiency, and why it matters
108
7525
With an Audit
Invested also in EEInvested but not in EE
55
45
Without an Audit
Invested also in EEInvested but not in EE
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Slovakia EU US Construction Infrastructure Manufacturing Services SME Large
Country Sector Size
2019 2017
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Slovakia EU US Construction Infrastructure Manufacturing Services SME Large
Country Sector Size
2019 2016
D. Perceived share of building stock of high or highest energy efficiency standards (%)
Q: What proportion, if any, of your commercial building stock satisfies high or highest energy efficiency standards? Base: All firms (data not shown for those who said don’t know/refused) Factors affecting Energy efficiency (EE) investments
A. Energy audits and energy-efficiency investment decisions Q: Can I check, in the past three years has your company had an energy audit? By this I mean an assessment of the energy needs and efficiency of your company’s building or buildings. Base: All firms which have invested (data not shown for those who said don’t know/refused) A1. Share of firms with an energy audit in the past three years (%)
Base: All firms (data not shown for those who said no/don’t know/refused)
SLOVAKIA – ENERGY EFFICIENCY
Going green: Who is investing in energy efficiency, and why it matters
109
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
Energy Intensive Non Energy Intensive Energy Intensive Non Energy Intensive Energy Intensive Non Energy Intensive
Slovakia EU US
Energy costsBusiness
regulationsUncertainty about
the futureAvailability of skilled staff
Availability of finance
Non Energy Intensive
Energy Intensive
Construction
Infrastructure
Manufacturing
Services
SME
Large
Total
69
57
71
64
60
48
59
60
60
36
37
31
26
44
25
31
40
35
39
35
34
38
32
39
38
26
32
9
6
11
16
10
13
13
9
11
30
22
31
22
31
33
32
19
25
63
47
67
29
69
61
61
50
55
26
32
10
21
45
25
27
25
26
44
42
62
36
38
39
46
13
29
10
11
19
14
3
7
11
5
32
47
43
36
31
32
37
13
25
Invested also in EE Invested but not in EE
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Austria
Czech Republic
Hungary
Luxembourg
France
Estonia
Greece
United Kingdom
Denmark
Finland
USA
Germany
Croatia
Portugal
Sweden
Poland
EU Latvia
Lithuania
Ireland
Netherlands
Romania
Belgium
Slovakia
Spain
Slovenia
Bulgaria
Italy
Cyprus
A2. Share of firms with an energy audit in the past three years (%), by energy intensity
Q: Can I check, in the past three years has your company had an energy audit? By this I mean an assessment of the energy needs and efficiency of your company’s building or buildings. Base: All firms (data not shown for those who said no/don’t know/refused) B. Difference in the probability of investing in EE by firms with advanced managerial practices (%)
Note: Firms with advanced management practices are those that have a pay performance practice and/or a strategic monitoring system
C. Long term barriers to investment
Q: Thinking about your investment activities, to what extent are the above-mentioned an obstacle? Is a major obstacle, a minor obstacle or not an obstacle at all? Base: All firms (data not shown for those who said a minor obstacle/not an obstacle at all/don’t know/refused)
SLOVAKIA – ENERGY EFFICIENCY
Going green: Who is investing in energy efficiency, and why it matters
110
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Slovakia EU US Construction Infrastructure Manufacturing Services SME Large
Country Sector Size
2019 2016
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Energy Intensive Non Energy Intensive Energy Intensive Non Energy Intensive Energy Intensive Non Energy Intensive
Slovakia EU US
D. Energy costs as major obstacle to investment (%) Q: Thinking about your investment activities, to what extent are energy costs an obstacle? Is a major obstacle, a minor obstacle or not an obstacle at all? Base: All firms (data not shown for those who said a minor obstacle/not an obstacle at all/don’t know/refused) D1. Energy costs as major obstacle to investment (%), by energy intensity Base: All firms (data not shown for those who said a minor obstacle/not an obstacle at all/don’t know/refused)
SLOVAKIA – ENERGY EFFICIENCY
Going green: Who is investing in energy efficiency, and why it matters
111
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
EnergyIntensive
Non EnergyIntensive
EnergyIntensive
Non EnergyIntensive
EnergyIntensive
Non EnergyIntensive
Slovenia EU US
7
44
49
93
Invested Not InvestedInvested also in EE Invested but not in EE
0
5
10
15
20
25
Slovenia EU US Construction Infrastructure Manufacturing Services SME Large
Country Sector Size
2019 2018
Summary Energy efficiency (EE) investment
A. Share of firms investing in EE and other areas (%)
B. Share of firms investing in EE (%), by energy intensity
Q: What proportion of the total investment was for EE improvements or/and other areas in your organisation? Base: all firms Note: Investment decision is a binary variable that takes the value of one when firms surveyed have invested and 0 otherwise Note: Sectors are divided in energy intensive and non-energy intensive using clustering analysis. Energy intensive sectors are the following (using 2-digit NACE codes): 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 19, 20, 22, 23, 24, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 49, 50, 51 C. Proportion of firms’ total investment for measures to improve EE (%)
Q: What proportion of the total investment was primarily for measures to improve energy efficiency in your organisation? Base: All firms which have invested (data not shown for those who said don’t know/refused)
SLOVENIA – ENERGY EFFICIENCY
• Half of firms that invest in Slovenia, also invest in EE (44% of all firms). This share rises to 60% for the energy intensive sectors.
• Firms in Slovenia allocate 13% of their total investment in EE improvements, more than the EU and the US average. This proportion is higher in energy intensive sectors such as manufacturing and infrastructure.
• Firms in Slovenia report two fifths of their building stock to be of high or highest energy efficiency (EE) standards, similar to the EU and compared to a third in the US.
• Two thirds of the firms surveyed in Slovenia with an energy audit invest in EE improvements.
• More than a third of the firms surveyed in Slovenia had an energy audit in the past three years, compared to two fifths in the EU and a third in the US. The implementation rate of energy audits increases with size and is particularly high in energy intensive sectors.
• Firms in Slovenia are more likely to invest in EE improvements when they implement advanced management practices.
• Firms that are more affected by energy costs are more likely to invest in EE improvements.
Going green: Who is investing in energy efficiency, and why it matters
112
63
37
With an Audit
Invested also in EEInvested but not in EE
40
60
Without an Audit
Invested also in EEInvested but not in EE
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
Slovenia EU US Construction Infrastructure Manufacturing Services SME Large
Country Sector Size
2019 2017
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
Slovenia EU US Construction Infrastructure Manufacturing Services SME Large
Country Sector Size
2019 2016
D. Perceived share of building stock of high or highest energy efficiency standards (%)
Q: What proportion, if any, of your commercial building stock satisfies high or highest energy efficiency standards? Base: All firms (data not shown for those who said don’t know/refused) Factors affecting Energy efficiency (EE) investments
A. Energy audits and energy-efficiency investment decisions Q: Can I check, in the past three years has your company had an energy audit? By this I mean an assessment of the energy needs and efficiency of your company’s building or buildings. Base: All firms which have invested (data not shown for those who said don’t know/refused) A1. Share of firms with an energy audit in the past three years (%)
Base: All firms (data not shown for those who said no/don’t know/refused)
SLOVENIA – ENERGY EFFICIENCY
Going green: Who is investing in energy efficiency, and why it matters
113
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
Energy Intensive Non Energy Intensive Energy Intensive Non Energy Intensive Energy Intensive Non Energy Intensive
Slovenia EU US
Energy costsBusiness
regulationsUncertainty about
the futureAvailability of
skilled staffAvailability of
finance
Non Energy Intensive
Energy Intensive
Construction
Infrastructure
Manufacturing
Services
SME
Large
Total
73
48
80
52
65
56
61
69
65
28
48
30
38
35
26
34
31
33
32
23
43
33
19
35
32
20
26
10
15
10
14
12
9
13
6
9
22
35
20
24
29
21
24
29
26
59
66
63
52
71
54
58
89
73
15
31
4
24
29
22
19
11
15
24
22
29
24
26
19
24
33
29
12
9
13
14
9
11
12
6
22
22
19
17
29
24
23
11
17
Invested also in EE Invested but not in EE
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Austria
Czech Republic
Hungary
Luxembourg
France
Estonia
Greece
United Kingdom
Denmark
Finland
USA
Germany
Croatia
Portugal
Sweden
Poland
EU Latvia
Lithuania
Ireland
Netherlands
Romania
Belgium
Slovakia
Spain
Slovenia
Bulgaria
Italy
Cyprus
A2. Share of firms with an energy audit in the past three years (%), by energy intensity
Q: Can I check, in the past three years has your company had an energy audit? By this I mean an assessment of the energy needs and efficiency of your company’s building or buildings. Base: All firms (data not shown for those who said no/don’t know/refused) B. Difference in the probability of investing in EE by firms with advanced managerial practices (%)
Note: Firms with advanced management practices are those that have a pay performance practice and/or a strategic monitoring system
C. Long term barriers to investment
Q: Thinking about your investment activities, to what extent are the above-mentioned an obstacle? Is a major obstacle, a minor obstacle or not an obstacle at all? Base: All firms (data not shown for those who said a minor obstacle/not an obstacle at all/don’t know/refused)
SLOVENIA – ENERGY EFFICIENCY
Going green: Who is investing in energy efficiency, and why it matters
114
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Slovenia EU US Construction Infrastructure Manufacturing Services SME Large
Country Sector Size
2019 2016
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
Energy Intensive Non Energy Intensive Energy Intensive Non Energy Intensive Energy Intensive Non Energy Intensive
Slovenia EU US
D. Energy costs as major obstacle to investment (%) Q: Thinking about your investment activities, to what extent are energy costs an obstacle? Is a major obstacle, a minor obstacle or not an obstacle at all? Base: All firms (data not shown for those who said a minor obstacle/not an obstacle at all/don’t know/refused) D1. Energy costs as major obstacle to investment (%), by energy intensity Base: All firms (data not shown for those who said a minor obstacle/not an obstacle at all/don’t know/refused)
SLOVENIA – ENERGY EFFICIENCY
Going green: Who is investing in energy efficiency, and why it matters
115
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
EnergyIntensive
Non EnergyIntensive
EnergyIntensive
Non EnergyIntensive
EnergyIntensive
Non EnergyIntensive
Spain EU US
15
44
41
85
Invested Not InvestedInvested also in EE Invested but not in EE
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
Spain EU US Construction Infrastructure Manufacturing Services SME Large
Country Sector Size
2019 2018
Summary Energy efficiency (EE) investment
A. Share of firms investing in EE and other areas (%)
B. Share of firms investing in EE (%), by energy intensity
Q: What proportion of the total investment was for EE improvements or/and other areas in your organisation? Base: all firms Note: Investment decision is a binary variable that takes the value of one when firms surveyed have invested and 0 otherwise Note: Sectors are divided in energy intensive and non-energy intensive using clustering analysis. Energy intensive sectors are the following (using 2-digit NACE codes): 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 19, 20, 22, 23, 24, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 49, 50, 51 C. Proportion of firms’ total investment for measures to improve EE (%)
Q: What proportion of the total investment was primarily for measures to improve energy efficiency in your organisation? Base: All firms which have invested (data not shown for those who said don’t know/refused)
SPAIN – ENERGY EFFICIENCY
• Half of firms that invest in Spain, also invest in EE (44% of all firms). This share rises to 60% for the energy intensive sectors.
• Firms in Spain allocate 12% of their total investment in EE improvements, more than the EU and the US average. This proportion is higher in energy intensive sectors such as manufacturing and infrastructure.
• Firms in Spain report half of their building stock to be of high or highest energy efficiency (EE) standards, a share significantly above that of EU and US counterparts (two fifths and a third, respectively).
• Almost three fourths of the firms surveyed in Spain with an energy audit invest in EE improvements.
• Two fifths of the firms surveyed in Spain had an energy audit in the past three years, similar to the EU and compared to a third in the US. The implementation rate of energy audits increases with size and is particularly high in energy intensive sectors.
• Firms in Spain are more likely to invest in EE improvements when they implement advanced management practices.
• Firms that are more affected by energy costs are more likely to invest in EE improvements.
Going green: Who is investing in energy efficiency, and why it matters
116
7129
With an Audit
Invested also in EEInvested but not in EE
40
60
Without an Audit
Invested also in EEInvested but not in EE
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Spain EU US Construction Infrastructure Manufacturing Services SME Large
Country Sector Size
2019 2017
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Spain EU US Construction Infrastructure Manufacturing Services SME Large
Country Sector Size
2019 2016
D. Perceived share of building stock of high or highest energy efficiency standards (%)
Q: What proportion, if any, of your commercial building stock satisfies high or highest energy efficiency standards? Base: All firms (data not shown for those who said don’t know/refused) Factors affecting Energy efficiency (EE) investments
A. Energy audits and energy-efficiency investment decisions Q: Can I check, in the past three years has your company had an energy audit? By this I mean an assessment of the energy needs and efficiency of your company’s building or buildings. Base: All firms which have invested (data not shown for those who said don’t know/refused) A1. Share of firms with an energy audit in the past three years (%)
Base: All firms (data not shown for those who said no/don’t know/refused)
SPAIN – ENERGY EFFICIENCY
Going green: Who is investing in energy efficiency, and why it matters
117
05
101520253035404550
Energy Intensive Non Energy Intensive Energy Intensive Non Energy Intensive Energy Intensive Non Energy Intensive
Spain EU US
Energy costsBusiness
regulationsUncertainty about
the futureAvailability of
skilled staffAvailability of
finance
Non Energy Intensive
Energy Intensive
Construction
Infrastructure
Manufacturing
Services
SME
Large
Total
51
51
58
56
53
40
51
51
51
55
67
46
62
67
62
63
56
60
61
70
65
71
64
65
70
56
63
35
38
46
38
30
39
38
35
37
62
72
63
70
77
60
70
65
67
53
42
46
49
54
50
51
38
44
39
55
52
41
48
34
43
46
45
60
53
63
53
65
53
59
54
57
46
42
48
57
41
38
48
25
37
70
62
73
67
67
64
68
63
65
Invested also in EE Invested but not in EE
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Austria
Czech Republic
Hungary
Luxembourg
France
Estonia
Greece
United Kingdom
Denmark
Finland
USA
Germany
Croatia
Portugal
Sweden
Poland
EU Latvia
Lithuania
Ireland
Netherlands
Romania
Belgium
Slovakia
Spain
Slovenia
Bulgaria
Italy
Cyprus
A2. Share of firms with an energy audit in the past three years (%), by energy intensity
Q: Can I check, in the past three years has your company had an energy audit? By this I mean an assessment of the energy needs and efficiency of your company’s building or buildings. Base: All firms (data not shown for those who said no/don’t know/refused) B. Difference in the probability of investing in EE by firms with advanced managerial practices (%)
Note: Firms with advanced management practices are those that have a pay performance practice and/or a strategic monitoring system
C. Long term barriers to investment
Q: Thinking about your investment activities, to what extent are the above-mentioned an obstacle? Is a major obstacle, a minor obstacle or not an obstacle at all? Base: All firms (data not shown for those who said a minor obstacle/not an obstacle at all/don’t know/refused)
SPAIN – ENERGY EFFICIENCY
Going green: Who is investing in energy efficiency, and why it matters
118
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Spain EU US Construction Infrastructure Manufacturing Services SME Large
Country Sector Size
2019 2016
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Energy Intensive Non Energy Intensive Energy Intensive Non Energy Intensive Energy Intensive Non Energy Intensive
Spain EU US
D. Energy costs as major obstacle to investment (%) Q: Thinking about your investment activities, to what extent are energy costs an obstacle? Is a major obstacle, a minor obstacle or not an obstacle at all? Base: All firms (data not shown for those who said a minor obstacle/not an obstacle at all/don’t know/refused) D1. Energy costs as major obstacle to investment (%), by energy intensity Base: All firms (data not shown for those who said a minor obstacle/not an obstacle at all/don’t know/refused)
SPAIN – ENERGY EFFICIENCY
Going green: Who is investing in energy efficiency, and why it matters
119
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
EnergyIntensive
Non EnergyIntensive
EnergyIntensive
Non EnergyIntensive
EnergyIntensive
Non EnergyIntensive
Sweden EU US
9
43
48
91
Invested Not InvestedInvested also in EE Invested but not in EE
0
5
10
15
20
25
Sweden EU US Construction Infrastructure Manufacturing Services SME Large
Country Sector Size
2019 2018
Summary Energy efficiency (EE) investment
A. Share of firms investing in EE and other areas (%)
B. Share of firms investing in EE (%), by energy intensity
Q: What proportion of the total investment was for EE improvements or/and other areas in your organisation? Base: all firms Note: Investment decision is a binary variable that takes the value of one when firms surveyed have invested and 0 otherwise Note: Sectors are divided in energy intensive and non-energy intensive using clustering analysis. Energy intensive sectors are the following (using 2-digit NACE codes): 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 19, 20, 22, 23, 24, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 49, 50, 51 C. Proportion of firms’ total investment for measures to improve EE (%)
Q: What proportion of the total investment was primarily for measures to improve energy efficiency in your organisation? Base: All firms which have invested (data not shown for those who said don’t know/refused)
SWEDEN – ENERGY EFFICIENCY
• Almost half of firms that invest in Sweden, also invest in EE (43% of all firms).
• Firms in Sweden allocate 14% of their total investment in EE improvements, more than the EU and the US average. This proportion is higher in energy intensive sectors such as manufacturing and infrastructure.
• Firms in Sweden report roughly a third of their building stock to be of high or highest energy efficiency (EE) standards, compared to two fifths in the EU and similar to the US.
• More than half of the firms surveyed in Sweden with an energy audit invest in EE improvements.
• Half of the firms surveyed in Sweden had an energy audit in the past three years, compared to two fifths in the EU and a third in the US. The implementation rate of energy audits increases with size and is particularly high in energy intensive sectors.
• Firms in Sweden are more likely to invest in EE improvements when they implement advanced management practices.
• Firms that are more affected by energy costs are more likely to invest in EE improvements.
Going green: Who is investing in energy efficiency, and why it matters
120
54
46
With an Audit
Invested also in EEInvested but not in EE
40
60
Without an Audit
Invested also in EEInvested but not in EE
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Sweden EU US Construction Infrastructure Manufacturing Services SME Large
Country Sector Size
2019 2017
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
Sweden EU US Construction Infrastructure Manufacturing Services SME Large
Country Sector Size
2019 2016
D. Perceived share of building stock of high or highest energy efficiency standards (%)
Q: What proportion, if any, of your commercial building stock satisfies high or highest energy efficiency standards? Base: All firms (data not shown for those who said don’t know/refused) Factors affecting Energy efficiency (EE) investments
A. Energy audits and energy-efficiency investment decisions Q: Can I check, in the past three years has your company had an energy audit? By this I mean an assessment of the energy needs and efficiency of your company’s building or buildings. Base: All firms which have invested (data not shown for those who said don’t know/refused) A1. Share of firms with an energy audit in the past three years (%)
Base: All firms (data not shown for those who said no/don’t know/refused)
SWEDEN – ENERGY EFFICIENCY
Going green: Who is investing in energy efficiency, and why it matters
121
05
101520253035404550
Energy Intensive Non Energy Intensive Energy Intensive Non Energy Intensive Energy Intensive Non Energy Intensive
Sweden EU US
Energy costsBusiness
regulationsUncertainty about
the futureAvailability of skilled staff
Availability of finance
Non Energy Intensive
Energy Intensive
Construction
Infrastructure
Manufacturing
Services
SME
Large
Total
41
31
62
27
35
30
41
24
33
15
28
14
22
17
17
20
11
16
15
17
24
16
6
15
15
13
14
8
6
7
6
6
9
7
7
7
20
24
29
24
11
20
20
20
20
39
26
56
37
30
26
36
29
32
11
26
6
15
20
13
16
5
10
16
7
28
4
17
11
16
8
13
11
3
4
23
9
11
14
13
22
9
13
20
20
21
18
24
21
Invested also in EE Invested but not in EE
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Austria
Czech Republic
Hungary
Luxembourg
France
Estonia
Greece
United Kingdom
Denmark
Finland
USA
Germany
Croatia
Portugal
Sweden
Poland
EU Latvia
Lithuania
Ireland
Netherlands
Romania
Belgium
Slovakia
Spain
Slovenia
Bulgaria
Italy
Cyprus
A2. Share of firms with an energy audit in the past three years (%), by energy intensity
Q: Can I check, in the past three years has your company had an energy audit? By this I mean an assessment of the energy needs and efficiency of your company’s building or buildings. Base: All firms (data not shown for those who said no/don’t know/refused) B. Difference in the probability of investing in EE by firms with advanced managerial practices (%)
Note: Firms with advanced management practices are those that have a pay performance practice and/or a strategic monitoring system
C. Long term barriers to investment
Q: Thinking about your investment activities, to what extent are the above-mentioned an obstacle? Is a major obstacle, a minor obstacle or not an obstacle at all? Base: All firms (data not shown for those who said a minor obstacle/not an obstacle at all/don’t know/refused)
SWEDEN – ENERGY EFFICIENCY
Going green: Who is investing in energy efficiency, and why it matters
122
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Sweden EU US Construction Infrastructure Manufacturing Services SME Large
Country Sector Size
2019 2016
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Energy Intensive Non Energy Intensive Energy Intensive Non Energy Intensive Energy Intensive Non Energy Intensive
Sweden EU US
D. Energy costs as major obstacle to investment (%) Q: Thinking about your investment activities, to what extent are energy costs an obstacle? Is a major obstacle, a minor obstacle or not an obstacle at all? Base: All firms (data not shown for those who said a minor obstacle/not an obstacle at all/don’t know/refused) D1. Energy costs as major obstacle to investment (%), by energy intensity Base: All firms (data not shown for those who said a minor obstacle/not an obstacle at all/don’t know/refused)
SWEDEN – ENERGY EFFICIENCY
Going green: Who is investing in energy efficiency, and why it matters
123
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
EnergyIntensive
Non EnergyIntensive
EnergyIntensive
Non EnergyIntensive
EnergyIntensive
Non EnergyIntensive
UK EU US
14
34
52
86
Invested Not InvestedInvested also in EE Invested but not in EE
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
UK EU US Construction Infrastructure Manufacturing Services SME Large
Country Sector Size
2019 2018
Summary Energy efficiency (EE) investment
A. Share of firms investing in EE and other areas (%)
B. Share of firms investing in EE (%), by energy intensity
Q: What proportion of the total investment was for EE improvements or/and other areas in your organisation? Base: all firms Note: Investment decision is a binary variable that takes the value of one when firms surveyed have invested and 0 otherwise Note: Sectors are divided in energy intensive and non-energy intensive using clustering analysis. Energy intensive sectors are the following (using 2-digit NACE codes): 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 19, 20, 22, 23, 24, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 49, 50, 51 C. Proportion of firms’ total investment for measures to improve EE (%)
Q: What proportion of the total investment was primarily for measures to improve energy efficiency in your organisation? Base: All firms which have invested (data not shown for those who said don’t know/refused)
UNITED KINGDOM – ENERGY EFFICIENCY
• Two fifths of firms in the UK invest in EE improvements (34% of all firms). This share jumps to 50% for the energy intensive sectors.
• Firms in the UK allocate 5% of their total investment in EE improvements, substantially less than the EU and the US average.
• Firms in the UK report a fourth of their building stock to be of high or highest energy efficiency (EE) standards, a share significantly below that of EU and US counterparts (two fifths and a third, respectively).
• Half of the firms surveyed in the UK with an energy audit invest in EE improvements.
• Two fifths of the firms surveyed in the UK had an energy audit in the past three years, similar to the EU and a third in the US. The implementation rate of energy audits increases with size and is particularly high in energy intensive sectors.
• Firms in the UK are more likely to invest in EE improvements when they implement advanced management practices.
• Firms that are more affected by energy costs are more likely to invest in EE improvements.
Going green: Who is investing in energy efficiency, and why it matters
124
50
50
With an Audit
Invested also in EEInvested but not in EE
32
68
Without an Audit
Invested also in EEInvested but not in EE
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
UK EU US Construction Infrastructure Manufacturing Services SME Large
Country Sector Size
2019 2017
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
UK EU US Construction Infrastructure Manufacturing Services SME Large
Country Sector Size
2019 2016
D. Perceived share of building stock of high or highest energy efficiency standards (%)
Q: What proportion, if any, of your commercial building stock satisfies high or highest energy efficiency standards? Base: All firms (data not shown for those who said don’t know/refused) Factors affecting Energy efficiency (EE) investments
A. Energy audits and energy-efficiency investment decisions Q: Can I check, in the past three years has your company had an energy audit? By this I mean an assessment of the energy needs and efficiency of your company’s building or buildings. Base: All firms which have invested (data not shown for those who said don’t know/refused) A1. Share of firms with an energy audit in the past three years (%)
Base: All firms (data not shown for those who said no/don’t know/refused)
UNITED KINGDOM – ENERGY EFFICIENCY
Going green: Who is investing in energy efficiency, and why it matters
125
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
Energy Intensive Non Energy Intensive Energy Intensive Non Energy Intensive Energy Intensive Non Energy Intensive
UK EU US
Energy costsBusiness
regulationsUncertainty about
the futureAvailability of
skilled staffAvailability of
finance
Non Energy Intensive
Energy Intensive
Construction
Infrastructure
Manufacturing
Services
SME
Large
Total
38
44
38
41
34
38
38
38
38
20
37
4
23
25
30
25
15
20
15
15
14
29
10
12
16
14
15
5
10
8
9
9
7
8
8
8
38
34
42
39
40
32
37
39
38
40
24
41
39
31
41
39
28
34
16
22
10
14
15
25
17
16
16
19
15
17
19
9
29
20
9
15
14
10
19
11
12
14
14
9
12
38
39
29
30
40
49
38
44
41
Invested also in EE Invested but not in EE
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Austria
Czech Republic
Hungary
Luxembourg
France
Estonia
Greece
United Kingdom
Denmark
Finland
USA
Germany
Croatia
Portugal
Sweden
Poland
EU Latvia
Lithuania
Ireland
Netherlands
Romania
Belgium
Slovakia
Spain
Slovenia
Bulgaria
Italy
Cyprus
A2. Share of firms with an energy audit in the past three years (%), by energy intensity
Q: Can I check, in the past three years has your company had an energy audit? By this I mean an assessment of the energy needs and efficiency of your company’s building or buildings. Base: All firms (data not shown for those who said no/don’t know/refused) B. Difference in the probability of investing in EE by firms with advanced managerial practices (%)
Note: Firms with advanced management practices are those that have a pay performance practice and/or a strategic monitoring system
C. Long term barriers to investment
Q: Thinking about your investment activities, to what extent are the above-mentioned an obstacle? Is a major obstacle, a minor obstacle or not an obstacle at all? Base: All firms (data not shown for those who said a minor obstacle/not an obstacle at all/don’t know/refused)
UNITED KINGDOM – ENERGY EFFICIENCY
Going green: Who is investing in energy efficiency, and why it matters
126
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
UK EU US Construction Infrastructure Manufacturing Services SME Large
Country Sector Size
2019 2016
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Energy Intensive Non Energy Intensive Energy Intensive Non Energy Intensive Energy Intensive Non Energy Intensive
UK EU US
D. Energy costs as major obstacle to investment (%) Q: Thinking about your investment activities, to what extent are energy costs an obstacle? Is a major obstacle, a minor obstacle or not an obstacle at all? Base: All firms (data not shown for those who said a minor obstacle/not an obstacle at all/don’t know/refused) D1. Energy costs as major obstacle to investment (%), by energy intensity Base: All firms (data not shown for those who said a minor obstacle/not an obstacle at all/don’t know/refused)
UNITED KINGDOM – ENERGY EFFICIENCY
twitter.com/EIB
facebook.com/EuropeanInvestmentBank
youtube.com/EIBtheEUbank
European Investment Bank98 -100, boulevard Konrad AdenauerL-2950 Luxembourg3 +352 4379-1www.eib.org – U [email protected]
06/2020 – ENeBook: ISBN 978-92-861-4711-1pdf: ISBN 978-92-861-4712-8
Go
ing
green
: wh
o is in
vesting
in en
ergy efficien
cy, and
wh
y it matters