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Drugs & SocietySOC 204
Chapter 1 Drugs in Perspective
Introductions Fill out your answers to the
questions. Partner up with someone. Discuss the first three questions. Find someone new and discuss the
next three questions. Find someone new and discuss the
last four questions. In your last partnership, prepare to:
Introduce yourselves to the group. Share one insight you had from
discussing the questions.
Happy second day! How are you?
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B. I feel nervous.C. I feel overwhelmed.D. I feel blah.
Why are you taking this class?A. Going into criminal
justice.B. Going into social
service (psychology, social work, counseling)
C. I have personal experience with addiction
D. My advisor told me to.
Going into cr
iminal ju
stice.
Going into so
cial se
rvice...
I have perso
nal exp
erien..
My advisor t
old me to
.
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What do you hope to learn in this class?
Expectations Syllabus
Writing Assignments Discussion Assignments Attendance Group Project Extra Credit Quizzes
Confidentiality Canvas Clickers
In this class, late homework:
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Canvas
Michelle’s office hours are:
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in
For class discussions:
A. I participate on Canvas
B. I must do written prep work and participate
C. I participate during class
I parti
cipate on Canva
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do writt
en prep wo..
I parti
cipate durin
g class
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If 80% of the class gets a clicker question right, each person earns an extra credit point.
A. TrueB. False
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Definitions We define a drug as any substance that alters
one’s ability to function emotionally, physically, intellectually, financially, or socially
A psychoactive drug is a substance that has the capability of altering mood, perception, or behavior
Definitions Misuse
Unintentional or inappropriate use of prescribed or over-the-counter drugs
Which of these is not an example of drug misuse?
A. Mixing drugs B. Taking medication
with foodC. Taking double the
prescribed doseD. Saving or using old
medications
Mixing d
rugs
Taking medica
tion with
...
Taking double the prescr
...
Saving o
r usin
g old medic.
..
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Definitions Abuse
Intentional and inappropriate use of a drug resulting in physical, emotional, financial, social or intellectual consequences.
Socially Acceptable vs Deviant
Which of these is NOT an example of drug abuse?
A. Taking medication in the morning
B. Crushing pills to smoke them
C. Buying someone else’s prescription medication
D. Taking a drink in the morning to cure a hangover Taking m
edication in
th...
Crush
ing pills to
smoke
...
Buying s
omeone else’s p
r...
Taking a drink in
the m
o...
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Definitions Addiction/Dependency
Physical Dependence Tolerance Withdrawal
Psychological Dependence Cravings Preoccupation
OLD LANGUAGE New: Substance Use Disorder (mild, moderate, severe)
Which of these is NOT a sign of dependency?
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Definitions Diagnostic & Statistical Manual of Mental
Disorders V Substance Use Disorder
Mild Moderate Severe
A psychiatrist can diagnose someone with addiction according to the DSM-5.
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58% A. TrueB. False
Definitions Any definition is limited and is influenced by
one’s experiences and background – and is arbitrary
Drugs Around the World in 80 Minutes
Historical Perspective A historical perspective on drugs provides
insight into the role that drugs have played over time
The problem with drugs/alcohol….
The problem with the previous slide is:
A. There are no statistics
B. It doesn’t say where the info came from
C. Correlation does not equal causation
D. All of the above There are no statisti
cs
It doesn
’t say w
here the ...
Correlation does n
ot equ..
All of th
e above
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Categories of Psychoactive DrugsDepressantsSuppress CNSAlcohol, benzodiazepines, inhalants
StimulantsAccelerate CNSCocaine, amphetamines, nicotine
NarcoticsRelieve pain, induce euphoriaHeroin, OxyContin
HallucinogensDistort the sensesLSD, peyote, psilocybin
MarijuanaCrosses several categoriesOften classified as hallucinogen or depressant
Psychotherapeutic drugsControl symptoms of mental disordersAntidepressants, antipsychotics
Alcohol Beverages may have been fermented
intentionally as early as about 10,000 BC
Early Egyptians, Hebrews, Chinese, Greek, and Romans were fond of alcohol
Egyptians developed distillation, which produces a higher alcohol content than fermentation
The Irish, Scots, Dutch, Russians, and French all developed characteristic alcoholic beverages
Alcohol Alcohol played a significant role in early US
history: Alcohol was used as a preservative Yeast in beer and wine supplied important
nutrients Rum was a central commodity in the slave trade Farmers made more money from whiskey than
from grain Excise tax on whiskey sparked the
Whiskey Rebellion Temperance Movement developed
in the 1830s 1919: national prohibition legislation
went into effect; repealed in 1933
Alcohol
Marijuana Marijuana has been cultivated for
its fiber since 8000 BC
Chinese Emperor Shen Nung prescribed marijuana for many aliments 4,700 years ago
Marijuana was used in India for festive and religious purposes by the 2nd century BC
Greeks, Romans, Persians and Assyrians all used marijuana for medical purposes
Marijuana In the 13th century, Marco Polo
recounted how hashishiyya terrorized people while under the influence of hashish
Marijuana seeds and leaves dating back to 500 BC were found near Berlin, Germany
Napoleon’s troops returned to France with hashish, and soon after other Europeans began using marijuana
Marijuana Use of marijuana was noted in the
Americas in 1545 English settlers grew marijuana
(hemp) to make clothing, rope, linens, and blankets
By the late 1800s numerous reports detailed cannabis use for many medical reasons
In the early 1900s, marijuana was used primarily by Hispanics in the Southwest and by Blacks in ghettos
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sbjHOBJzhb0
Marijuana has been used in all of the following ways except:
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depressionD. For its fibers
Narcotics The term
narcotics is used interchangeably with the terms opiates or opioids
Opiate refers to opium and the derivatives of opium
1500 BC: Egyptians used opium for medical purposes
Narcotics The Poppy
Papavar somniferum
A 6,000 year old Sumerian tablet referred to the opium poppy as the “joy plant”
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r1mdn-5E-Ao
Narcotics - Opium Opium was a staple in ancient Greece
and Rome
In the Arab world, opium was widely used because the Koran forbids alcohol use
Opium was the central factor in a war between the Chinese and the British governments
Medical uses of opium became widespread in Europe in the 16th century, when laudanum was developed
Narcotics – Morphine & Heroin In 1805, the active ingredient in opium was identified and
called morphine
During the Civil War, morphine dependency was so common that it was called soldier’s disease
An estimated 1 million Americans were dependent on morphine and other narcotics by the end of the 19th century
In 1874 a “wonder drug” was developed to relieve pain and treat morphine dependency – it was called heroin
Opium was once legal and readily available over-the-counter.
A. TrueB. False
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Which of these is a naturally occurring part of the opium plant?
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89% A. MorphineB. CodeineC. HeroinD. OxyContin
Cocaine People were chewing coca
leaves prior to the rise of the Incan Empire, as early as 3000 BC
The first verified use of coca has been traced to a gravesite in Peru from around 500 AD
When Spaniards conquered the Incas, they realized the importance of the coca leaves to the natives
In the 19th century, a French chemist developed a popular red wine which included active ingredients from coca leaves
Cocaine Early proponents of cocaine
included Sigmund Freud, Robert Louis Stevenson, and Sir Arthur Conan Doyle
Originally, Coca-Cola contained cocaine, and was promoted as a “Nerve Stimulant”
Cocaine became a popular recreational drug in the 1970s
Variations that were smoked emerged: first freebase, then inexpensive crack cocaine
The earliest known use of cocaine was:
A. In Coca-Cola as a “nerve stimulant”
B. In ancient Greece in red wine
C. By smoking itD. Chewing coca
leaves by the Incas
In Coca-Cola as a “n
erve ...
In ancient G
reece in
red ...
By smoking it
Chewing coca
leaves b
y t..
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Amphetamines Amphetamines, first synthesized in 1887,
enlarge nasal passages, raise blood pressure, and stimulate the CNS
During World War II, troops used amphetamines to overcome fatigue and increase their endurance
Benzedrine was available over-the-counter in 1932 for treating asthma and nasal congestion
Methamphetamines appeared in the 1960s
Amphetamines are:
A. DepressantsB. Pain killersC. StimulantsD. Hallucinogens
Depressants
Pain ki
llers
Stimulants
Hallucin
ogens
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Sedative-Hypnotic Drugs Barbiturates
Barbituric acid, a class of drugs that have depressant effects
Barbital, a sedative-hypnotic drug used to treat anxiety and nervousness; the original barbiturate
Nonbarbiturate Sedatives Bromides, sedatives used to treat epileptic
convulsions Chloral hydrate, induces sleep Paraldehyde, used with severely disturbed
mental patients
Sedative-Hypnotic Drugs Minor tranquilizers, or
antianxiety agents Meprobamate, also used for
treating psychosomatic conditions
Benzodiazepines such as Librium and Valium
Inhalants Solvents, gases, and aerosols Nitrous oxide (lauhing gas) Ether, developed for medical
purposes
Medical uses of depressants include all of the following EXCEPT:
A. Relieving anxiety
B. Inducing sleepC. Increasing
attentionD. Controlling
seizures
Relieving anxie
ty
Inducing sle
ep
Increasin
g attention
Controllin
g seizu
res
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Sedative-Hypnotic Drugs - Inhalants Inhalants are
among the first drugs used by young children
Huffing Sudden death
syndrome https://
www.youtube.com/watch?v=Avcz9Z1ekcM
Hallucinogens Hallucinogens are a class of drugs that
induce perceived distortions in time and space LSD, derived from a fungus Psilocybin, found in certain mushrooms Peyote, contains mescaline isolated from cactus Over 6000 plants can alter consciousness
LSD originated from ergot fungus, which grows on grain, and causes the condition ergotism
Hallucinogens:
A. Distort the sensesB. Are usually derived
from plantsC. Have been used to
access the unconscious in therapy
D. Are thought to enhance creativity
Distort t
he sense
s
Are usuall
y derived fro
m ...
Have been used to acce
ss...
Are thought to
enhance ...
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GROUP PROJECT FORM A GROUP OF 4, organize your group on
Canvas Select a subject, decide what you want to learn Review the syllabus to be sure we are not covering it in
class SUBMIT PROPOSAL to dropbox by October 30 PRESENT your research to the class
(December 4, 7, 8, or 10 – 20 minute presentation) TURN IN
Copy of your 2-page handout (Dec 4) Your visual aids (Dec 4) Your group and self evaluation (Dec 11)
This presentation is your final exam!