Good Morning/AfternoonGood Morning/Afternoon

6-5-086-5-08Warm-upWarm-up

What does it take for a society to get to this point? What does it take for a society to get to this point? How do you create change in this type of society?How do you create change in this type of society?

Civil Rights in the 1950’sCivil Rights in the 1950’s Great MigrationGreat Migration- Blacks are moving out of the - Blacks are moving out of the

south into cities in the west and north (LA, NYC, south into cities in the west and north (LA, NYC, Chicago, Detroit)Chicago, Detroit)

*Importance- creates “voting blocs” that elected *Importance- creates “voting blocs” that elected black politicians that forced the nation to focus black politicians that forced the nation to focus on and change segregation in the Southon and change segregation in the South

Jim Crow LawsJim Crow Laws- (segregation) laws that - (segregation) laws that separated blacks and whites in public places separated blacks and whites in public places (school, restaurants, theaters, bathrooms, etc.)(school, restaurants, theaters, bathrooms, etc.)

NAACPNAACP- uses courts to overturn segregation in - uses courts to overturn segregation in the 1950’sthe 1950’s

Thurgood MarshallThurgood Marshall- NAACP leading attorney, - NAACP leading attorney, traveled south in the 1930’s and 40’s defending traveled south in the 1930’s and 40’s defending black rights in courtblack rights in court

*later became first African-American Supreme *later became first African-American Supreme Court JusticeCourt Justice

Brown vs. Board of EducationBrown vs. Board of Education- - 19541954 (Topeka) (Topeka) court case that overturns segregation in schoolscourt case that overturns segregation in schools

Plessy vs. Plessy vs. FergusonFerguson- (1896) - (1896) court case that court case that allowed segregation allowed segregation as long as facilities as long as facilities were “separate but were “separate but equal”equal”

*Separate was *Separate was enforced but not the enforced but not the equal partequal part

Civil Rights in the 1950’s IICivil Rights in the 1950’s II Martin Luther King Jr. & Martin Luther King Jr. &

the Bus Boycottthe Bus Boycott New Civil Rights New Civil Rights

Strategy- Brown vs. Strategy- Brown vs. Board of Education did Board of Education did not end segregationnot end segregation

Montgomery Bus Montgomery Bus BoycottBoycott- blacks forced to - blacks forced to sit in the back of the bus sit in the back of the bus but make up a majority of but make up a majority of ridersriders

Rosa ParksRosa Parks- 43 yr, - 43 yr, old old CIVIL RIGHTS CIVIL RIGHTS ADVOCATEADVOCATE

*Refused to move *Refused to move from her seat in front from her seat in front of bus, jailed, fined of bus, jailed, fined $14 (starts the $14 (starts the boycott)boycott)

Boycott- blacks stop riding the bus, carpool to Boycott- blacks stop riding the bus, carpool to get around (MLK is the central organizer of the get around (MLK is the central organizer of the boycott)boycott)

*Importance- blacks organize to create change*Importance- blacks organize to create change

White resistance- tried to White resistance- tried to stop the boycottstop the boycott

Car insuranceCar insurance cancelled cancelled for carpoolersfor carpoolers

MLK’s house bombedMLK’s house bombed Black leaders arrested for Black leaders arrested for

organizing an illegal organizing an illegal boycottboycott

Nov. 1956 Supreme Nov. 1956 Supreme Court ruled bus Court ruled bus segregation is illegal segregation is illegal (boycott lasted 1 year)(boycott lasted 1 year)

Martin Luther King Jr.Martin Luther King Jr.- Montgomery bus - Montgomery bus boycott brought him international fameboycott brought him international fame

1. “I have a Dream”-that all people are equal 1. “I have a Dream”-that all people are equal (wanted an end to segregation without (wanted an end to segregation without punishment, forgive segregationists)punishment, forgive segregationists)

*Importance- MLK was not a threat to white *Importance- MLK was not a threat to white northerners and they supported himnortherners and they supported him

2. 2. Non-violenceNon-violence: said that history will : said that history will remember those who stood up for what remember those who stood up for what was right using peace and lovewas right using peace and love

*Importance- gave Civil Rights protesters *Importance- gave Civil Rights protesters (Af/Am) a motivation to put themselves in (Af/Am) a motivation to put themselves in harms wayharms way

**These two ideas rewrote American Race **These two ideas rewrote American Race relationsrelations

Good Morning/AfternoonGood Morning/Afternoon

5-27-085-27-08Warm-upWarm-upHow might this be a powerful way to resist How might this be a powerful way to resist

segregation? Explain.segregation? Explain.

Civil Rights- part IIICivil Rights- part III

Little Rock, Arkansas- Little Rock, Arkansas- (1957) after Brown vs. (1957) after Brown vs. Board of Education, Board of Education, schools in the south schools in the south were integrating as were integrating as slow as possibleslow as possible

Little Rock 9Little Rock 9-- nine black students nine black students

were to enroll at were to enroll at Central High SchoolCentral High School

Governor Faubus-Governor Faubus- called in the National called in the National Guard to keep students OUTGuard to keep students OUT

First day of school- 1,000 angry whites First day of school- 1,000 angry whites jeered the studentsjeered the students

TV captured the scene and made the TV captured the scene and made the nation sensitive to Civil Rightsnation sensitive to Civil Rights

US Army- TV forced President Eisenhower to US Army- TV forced President Eisenhower to react, sent in the troops to protect the react, sent in the troops to protect the students for 1 yearstudents for 1 year

Greensboro, North Carolina (1960)- lunch Greensboro, North Carolina (1960)- lunch counters and restaurants were segregatedcounters and restaurants were segregated

Sit-inSit-in- 4 college students sat down at a - 4 college students sat down at a lunch counter and asked for servicelunch counter and asked for service

*TV captures whites beating, insulting, and *TV captures whites beating, insulting, and trying to provoke the protesters who trying to provoke the protesters who refused refused to strike backto strike back

*inspired others (by the end of 1960, *inspired others (by the end of 1960, 50,000 50,000 people had demonstrated in sit-inspeople had demonstrated in sit-ins, 3,000 , 3,000 went to jailwent to jail

Good Morning/AfternoonGood Morning/Afternoon

6-3-086-3-08Warm-upWarm-up In your opinion, who’s strategy was more In your opinion, who’s strategy was more

effective in the Civil Rights Movement, effective in the Civil Rights Movement, Martin Luther King, or Malcolm X? Explain.Martin Luther King, or Malcolm X? Explain.

Freedom RidersFreedom Riders- (1961) black and white - (1961) black and white civil rights advocates who rode around the civil rights advocates who rode around the South in buses focusing attention on South in buses focusing attention on segregated facilities (especially bus stops)segregated facilities (especially bus stops)

*met by mobs (one bus was burned, police *met by mobs (one bus was burned, police refused to protect protesters in many refused to protect protesters in many Southern cities)~Southern cities)~

JFKJFK- assassinated - assassinated November 22, 1963November 22, 1963Malcolm XMalcolm X Killed by the Nation of Islam in Killed by the Nation of Islam in February February

21, 196521, 1965 FBI and CIA were tracking his every moveFBI and CIA were tracking his every move

Urban Violence- countless riots lead to Urban Violence- countless riots lead to discontented civil rights advocates and activistsdiscontented civil rights advocates and activists

Ex. Ex. Watts RiotsWatts Riots-(1965)- white policemen arrest -(1965)- white policemen arrest a young African American for drunk driving, cop a young African American for drunk driving, cop would not allow brother to drive car homewould not allow brother to drive car home

-6 day riot, 34 dead, 3,500 arrests, 900 injured, -6 day riot, 34 dead, 3,500 arrests, 900 injured, $30 million destroyed$30 million destroyed

OutcomeOutcome- even more race riots in 100+ cities, - even more race riots in 100+ cities, and new leaders emergeand new leaders emerge

Stokely CarmichaelStokely Carmichael- leader of the - leader of the Student Non-Violent Coordinating Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)Committee (SNCC)

Ideas: coined the phrase Black Power Ideas: coined the phrase Black Power after being arrested during the after being arrested during the March March Against FearAgainst Fear- 220 mile solitary march led - 220 mile solitary march led by J. Meredith, shot by a white man 1by J. Meredith, shot by a white man 1stst day day but livedbut lived

Good Morning/AfternoonGood Morning/Afternoon

6-8-096-8-09Warm-upWarm-upTurn in textbooks this week for EXTRA Turn in textbooks this week for EXTRA

CREDIT!!!! Friday is the last day for pointsCREDIT!!!! Friday is the last day for points

Carmichael, MLK, and McKiss finished Carmichael, MLK, and McKiss finished march with different tactics march with different tactics (confrontational vs. nonviolent)(confrontational vs. nonviolent)

OutcomeOutcome- Carmichael arrested and - Carmichael arrested and beaten but becomes a grassroots hero~beaten but becomes a grassroots hero~

Black Panther Party Black Panther Party BPPBPP- started in 1965 - started in 1965 in Oakland, Cain Oakland, Ca

Leaders-Leaders-Huey P Huey P Newton & Bobby Newton & Bobby SealeSeale

IdeasIdeas- fight police - fight police brutality + take control brutality + take control of the community, of the community, also preached armed also preached armed revoltrevolt

-made money by selling writings of Mao -made money by selling writings of Mao Zedong (leader of communist China)Zedong (leader of communist China)

ExamplesExamples: : breakfast programs, day breakfast programs, day carecare, and other services, and other services

StyleStyle- black Berets, - black Berets, leather jackets, leather jackets, sunglassessunglasses

OutcomeOutcome- FBI - FBI investigations to investigations to break up the party break up the party and shootouts w/ and shootouts w/ police end the partypolice end the party

Legacy of Civil Rights MovementLegacy of Civil Rights MovementEnds only one form of segregationEnds only one form of segregation

MLK Jr. assassinated- April 3, 1968, by MLK Jr. assassinated- April 3, 1968, by James Earl RayJames Earl Ray

Reaction- worst riots in US history, 125 Reaction- worst riots in US history, 125 citiescities

Civil Rights AchievementsCivil Rights Achievements

Ends Ends de jurede jure segregation ( segregation (by lawby law), but not…), but not… De FactoDe Facto segregation ( segregation (by custom)by custom)

LegislationLegislation 1. 1. Civil Rights Act of 1964, 1968- Civil Rights Act of 1964, 1968- banned banned

discrimination in public places and housingdiscrimination in public places and housing 2. 2. Voting Rights Act of 1965Voting Rights Act of 1965- guaranteed - guaranteed

African-Americans the right to vote (% of Afr/Am African-Americans the right to vote (% of Afr/Am voters triple in the South)voters triple in the South)

Unfinished WorkUnfinished Work

1970’s1970’s- changing issues like housing, jobs, - changing issues like housing, jobs, poverty, education, and racism means changes poverty, education, and racism means changes attitudes= much harderattitudes= much harder

Ex. Ex. Affirmative ActionAffirmative Action- help minorities get fair - help minorities get fair opportunities through hiring and enrollmentsopportunities through hiring and enrollments

OutcomeOutcome-to be determined (illegal in CA now)-to be determined (illegal in CA now) -Some call it reverse-discrimination-Some call it reverse-discrimination Bakke vs. UC RegentsBakke vs. UC Regents