GOODNESS & EQUALITY

ETHICS PART III

Why Be Good?

Introduction Why be good? Other People Practical Answer

Goodness For its Own Sake Reformulation Practical Answer A Religious Answer Goodness for its own sake Analogies

Socrates

Background Life & Death Wisdom The Real Socrates

Ethical Theory Virtue Why be moral? Ethical Intellectualism Knowledge & Goodness, Ignorance & Evil

Socrates

Socrates’ Contributions Plato Ethical Theory

Plato

Background The Death of Socrates Life Comprehensive Philosophy

The Ring of Gyges

The Challenge Glaucon want to hear a defense of justice

Injustice & Justice The Nature & Origin of Justice The Origin & Essence of Justice Justice & Power Why People are Just

The Ring of Gyges

The Ring of Gyges The Thought Experiment The Story The Point

Choice Between Lives Face to Face The Just Man Judgment

Moral Education

Introduction Moral Education Involves Controversy Practical Matters

Nature, Possibility, Desirability Human Nature? Possible? Desirable?

Moral Education

Who, Why, What? Purpose? Educators? One Morality? Several Moralities? Content? Methods?

Habit & Virtue

The Origin & Nature of Virtue Human Nature Natural Faculties Acquiring Virtues City States Learning Crafts Learning Virtues

Habit & Virtue

General Rules General Rules Ethics is not theoretical Right Principle Outline Cardinal Rule Virtue: Excess & Deficiency Fostering of Virtues Health Analogy Fostering Virtues

Habit & Virtue

Pleasure & Pain Index of Moral Progress Moral Goodness Standards of Regulating Actions Concern

Habit & Virtue

An Objection & Replies Objection First Reply-Arts Reply-Distinguishing Reply-Distinguishing & Acquiring Medicine Analogy

Habit & Virtue

Practice Putting it into Practice Discourses on Morality The Many & Discourse All Means Analogy to Land

Habit & Virtue

Education in Goodness Education of the Youth Regulation of Life Guidance Parents-Second Choice

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

Background Life Some Works

The Corruption of Man Emotional Noble Savage Discourse on the Arts and Science Discourse on Inequality

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

The Social Contract The Work Degeneration Contracting Sovereignty and Government

Education Emile Three Sections of Growth Condemnation

Emile

The Object of Education Degeneration Needs & Education Sources of Education Nature

The Education of Emile Age 10 or 12 Result Speaking Natural Moral Ideas

Emile

Education of Emile Age 15 Result Reason Emile’s Qualities More Qualities

Equality

Introduction Equality Questions About Equality

Mary Wollstonecraft

Background Life Feminism Works

Vindication of the Rights of Women

Wealth Evil Flows from the respect paid to property Hereditary Wealth

Virtues & Impediments Acquiring Virtues-Duties Morality & Equality Dependence as impediment Impediments: Wealth, charm, hereditary property Duties Happiness

Vindication of the Rights of Women

The Slavery of Women Cause of Misery Distinction of Rank Wealth Laws

Duties & Virtues Duties Society & Duties Becoming Virtuous Wealth as an Impediment

Vindication of the Right of Women

Society Representation Problems More Problems Solution Government & Virtue

Respect & Protection Respect Protection

Vindication of the Right of Women

Conclusion Entreaty Motivation for Men

Dr. King

Background Life Education Accomplishments & Contributions

I Have a Dream

Why, When & How 100 Years Ago & Now The basis of the claim When? How? Marching Ahead

The Dream American Dream Hope, Faith & Freedom

Species Equality

Introduction Animals Common Uses of Animals Quetsions Views

Whether It Is Unlawful to Kill Any Living Thing

Thomas AquinasObjections

Objection 1: Preservation of Living Things Objection 2: Deprivation of Life Objection 3: Special Punishment

Augustine Augustine: Thou shalt not kill Answer: Purpose Use

Whether It Is Unlawful to Kill Any Living Thing

Replies Objection 1: For Man (Augustine) Objection 2: Lack Reason Objection 3: Use

Rene Descartes

Life & Works Life Published Works

The Automatism of Animals

DescartesError & Motion

Error Two Different Principles of Movements Appearance of Thought Proof Argument for Animals Thinking Criticism of the Argument

The Automatism of Animals

Bodies Bodies & Motion Argument Automata Argument Language Argument Life

Duties Towards Animals

Immanuel KantAnimals

Animals Animals are Merely Means Animal Nature Analogous to Human Nature Duties Towards Animals Hogarth’s Engravings Love of Animals Leibniz Tender Feelings Treatment of Animals Conclusion

Utilitarian Argument

Argument Introduction Principle & Scope Standard Argument for Moral Relevance Argument Template Example Example