GoodRelations : An Ontology for GoodRelations : An Ontology for Describing Web Offers Describing Web Offers

Primer and User’s Guide

Draft 2008. 08. 08

Presented by Jae-won Lee

Copyright 2006 by CEBT

Introduction Introduction

The semantics of products and services are represented by UNSPSC or eClass OWL

All of these components do not provide the means required for e-commerce on the Semantic Web

“Resource A is an instance of the product class TV set”

Needs for describing offers with the same words

Customer “TV” vs Vendor “Television”

IDS Lab. Seminar - 2Center for E-Business Technology

Copyright 2006 by CEBT

Introduction Introduction

Comparison

eClass OWL

– Provides classes, attributes, and values for describing what a product or services is

GoodRelations

– Provides everything needed for describing the relationship between a business entity and a product or service

– Ontology for the relationship between goods and business entities

Any product ontology can be combined with GoodRelations, if a few constraints are met

IDS Lab. Seminar - 3Center for E-Business Technology

Copyright 2006 by CEBT

Usage Usage

Examples Scenario

The shop at the Web page http://www.electronics.com offers to sell a single instance of a TV set that has a screen size of 30 centimeters, via this pape for 200 Euros

Three parts for express this scenario

There is a business entity named Electronics.com (the company)

There exists a single TV set that has a screen size of 30 cm (the product)

There is an offer made by the Business entity to SELL this particular TV set for 200 Euros (the offering)

IDS Lab. Seminar - 4Center for E-Business Technology

Copyright 2006 by CEBT

UsageUsage

In the following example

New identifier within a namespace : http”//www.heppnetz.de/ontologies/gr#

N3 notation (breaking down statements into logical parts more easily)

IDS Lab. Seminar - 5Center for E-Business Technology

RDF/XML :

N3 :

Copyright 2006 by CEBT

UsageUsage

Step 1 : Define the relevant name space and prefixes

IDS Lab. Seminar - 6Center for E-Business Technology

Copyright 2006 by CEBT

UsageUsage

Step 2 : Choose a products and services ontology to describe the product and import GoodRelations

To describe the types and features of the actual products or services being offered, you need to import a respective ontology

– Toy ontology defines TV set types

IDS Lab. Seminar - 7Center for E-Business Technology

Copyright 2006 by CEBT

Usage Usage

Step 3 : Describe the business entity

rdfs:seeAlso

– A Web page that contains human readable content

IDS Lab. Seminar - 8Center for E-Business Technology

Copyright 2006 by CEBT

Usage Usage

Step 4 : Describe all things that are being offered

mySony 100Set is a TV set that is an actual TV set

– Has screen size 30 cm

IDS Lab. Seminar - 9Center for E-Business Technology

Copyright 2006 by CEBT

UsageUsage

Step 5 : Describe the offer and links the offer to the business entity making it

IDS Lab. Seminar - 10Center for E-Business Technology

-There is an offer to sell something -The offer is described in TypeAnd QuantityNode_1-The Price is descibed by UnitPrice Specification_1

-Electronics.com is making that offer

UnitPriceSecification_1TypeAndQuantityNode_1

Copyright 2006 by CEBT

RDF graph of the example RDF graph of the example

IDS Lab. Seminar - 11Center for E-Business Technology

Copyright 2006 by CEBT

Query Query

Example : Query for offers of TV set

IDS Lab. Seminar - 12Center for E-Business Technology

Copyright 2006 by CEBT

Advanced Topics Advanced Topics

Handling of Ranges and Intervals

Most quantitative properties of products or services are intervals and not single values

How to represent the quantitative properties ?

IDS Lab. Seminar - 13Center for E-Business Technology

a) We create an ontology class Quantitative Value

Quantitative Value

b)All properties reflecting quantitative characteristics are represented as the range of Quantitative Valuec) For each quantitative value, we create a new instance of Quantitative Value

TV Set

My TV Set

InstanceOf

value1

InstanceOf

hasWeight

d) We attach the upper and lower limits and the unit of Measurement by a datatype or object property

10.0

hasMinValue

10.5

hasMaxValue

kg

hasUnitOfMeasurement

Copyright 2006 by CEBT

Advanced Topics Advanced Topics

Products and Services: Instances, Models, and Classes

Other ontologies do not make the distinction between instances and models of product or services

GoodRelations introduces four classes for product or services classes, instances and models

owl:Class ProdcutOrService

– The superclass of all classes describing product or services types

– The union of (a) ActualProductOrServiceInstance,

(b) ProductOrServiceModel, and

(c) ProductOrServiceSomeInstancePlaceholder

IDS Lab. Seminar - 14Center for E-Business Technology

Copyright 2006 by CEBT

Advanced Topics Advanced Topics

GoodRelations introduces four classes for product or services classes, instances and models

owl:Class ActualProductOrServiceInstance

– A single identifiable object or action

– i.e. MyThinkpadd T60, my Volkswagen Golf

owl:Class ProductOrServiceModel

– An intangible entity that specifies some characteristics of a group of mass-produced Product

– i.e. Volkwagen Gold, Sony Ericsson W123 Cellphone

owl:Class ProductOrServicesSomeInstatncePlaceholder

– Dummy instance representing anonymous products or services instances

– Which are said to exist but not actually being exposed on the Web

IDS Lab. Seminar - 15Center for E-Business Technology

Copyright 2006 by CEBT

Advanced Topics Advanced Topics

IDS Lab. Seminar - 16Center for E-Business Technology

Copyright 2006 by CEBT

Critique Critique

Pros.

This paper explains on GoodRelations with several examples

– It is easy to understand the usage of GoodRelations

Cons.

This paper is a user guide

– There is no intrinsic definition of GoodRelations

What is GoodRelations ?

IDS Lab. Seminar - 17Center for E-Business Technology