GOODS MOVEMENTGOODS MOVEMENT & Air Quality & Air Quality

ConsiderationsConsiderations

Presented byPresented by

Larry Greene, Executive DirectorLarry Greene, Executive DirectorSacramento Metropolitan Air Quality Management Sacramento Metropolitan Air Quality Management

DistrictDistrict

(SMAQMD)(SMAQMD)

Goods Movement PolicyGoods Movement Policy

January 25, 2005 – State of California January 25, 2005 – State of California PolicyPolicy

Improving goods movement in California is a Improving goods movement in California is a high priority for the Governor due to high priority for the Governor due to economic & quality of life issues.economic & quality of life issues.

California will improve & expand the goods California will improve & expand the goods movement industry & infrastructure in a movement industry & infrastructure in a manner that:manner that:

Generates jobsGenerates jobs Increases mobility and reduces traffic congestionIncreases mobility and reduces traffic congestion Improves air quality and protects public healthImproves air quality and protects public health Enhances public and port safety Enhances public and port safety Improves quality of lifeImproves quality of life

What Increases are What Increases are Expected?Expected?

The Federal Highway Administration projects freight The Federal Highway Administration projects freight movement through California to increase 79% between movement through California to increase 79% between 1998 and 2025.1998 and 2025.

In the Central Valley annual truck vehicle miles are In the Central Valley annual truck vehicle miles are expected to increase 60% from 4,677 billion miles in 2005 expected to increase 60% from 4,677 billion miles in 2005 to 7,758 billion miles in 2025.to 7,758 billion miles in 2025.

Increased rail capacity and planned improvements will Increased rail capacity and planned improvements will allow utilization of railroads for transporting more goods. allow utilization of railroads for transporting more goods.

Sacramento International and Mather airports master Sacramento International and Mather airports master plans forecast a 61% (aggregated) increase in freight from plans forecast a 61% (aggregated) increase in freight from 2005 to 2020.2005 to 2020.

The Port of Sacramento will likely see increases.The Port of Sacramento will likely see increases.

Does Increased Goods Does Increased Goods Movement Mean Increased Movement Mean Increased

Emissions?Emissions? The Goods Movement Action Plan, Phase I The Goods Movement Action Plan, Phase I

recognizes the potential increase in air recognizes the potential increase in air emissions.emissions.

The Phase II Progress Report identifies the The Phase II Progress Report identifies the details needed to implement the Governor’s details needed to implement the Governor’s Policy, including… Policy, including…

The California Air Resources Board (CARB) is in The California Air Resources Board (CARB) is in the process of developing an Emissions the process of developing an Emissions Reduction Plan for Ports and International Reduction Plan for Ports and International Goods Movement to address the potential Goods Movement to address the potential increase in air emissions and related health increase in air emissions and related health impacts.impacts.

What role will the local air district, SMAQMD What role will the local air district, SMAQMD play?play?

“Achieve clean air goals by leading the region in

protecting public health and the environment through innovative and effective

programs, dedicated staff, community involvement and

public education.”

“Achieve clean air goals by leading the region in

protecting public health and the environment through innovative and effective

programs, dedicated staff, community involvement and

public education.”

SMAQMD MissionSMAQMD Mission

Air Quality IssuesAir Quality Issues

OzoneOzone Federal non-attainment areaFederal non-attainment area Must attain between 2013 and 2019Must attain between 2013 and 2019

Particulate MatterParticulate Matter State non-attainment areaState non-attainment area Under the new proposed Federal standard will Under the new proposed Federal standard will

be non-attainmentbe non-attainment

Climate ChangeClimate Change Growing awareness of urgency to reduce Growing awareness of urgency to reduce

greenhouse gas emissionsgreenhouse gas emissions Adds impetus for ozone and particulate matter Adds impetus for ozone and particulate matter

reductionsreductions

Driven By Health EffectsDriven By Health EffectsOzone is a strong irritant that can cause constriction Ozone is a strong irritant that can cause constriction of the airways, forcing the respiratory system to of the airways, forcing the respiratory system to work harder in order to provide oxygenwork harder in order to provide oxygen

Aggravated respiratory disease such as emphysema, Aggravated respiratory disease such as emphysema, bronchitis and asthma bronchitis and asthma

Reduced resistance to infection, increased fatigue, or Reduced resistance to infection, increased fatigue, or weakened athletic performanceweakened athletic performance

Particulate matter consists of very small liquid and Particulate matter consists of very small liquid and solid particles that can be inhaled deep into the lung solid particles that can be inhaled deep into the lung

Short term exposure aggravates lung disease, can create Short term exposure aggravates lung disease, can create asthma attacks or acute bronchitis, linked to heart asthma attacks or acute bronchitis, linked to heart attacks, arrhythmiasattacks, arrhythmias

Long term exposure associated with reduced lung Long term exposure associated with reduced lung function, chronic bronchitis and premature deathfunction, chronic bronchitis and premature death

Diesel particulate is a toxic air contaminant – cancer riskDiesel particulate is a toxic air contaminant – cancer risk

Environmental ImpactsEnvironmental Impacts Ozone can damage crops, forests, native Ozone can damage crops, forests, native

plants and property (rubbers and plastics)plants and property (rubbers and plastics)

Particulate contributes to reduced visibility in Particulate contributes to reduced visibility in urban and pristine areasurban and pristine areas

Climate change has numerous potential Climate change has numerous potential impacts:impacts: Increases in air pollutionIncreases in air pollution Loss of snowpackLoss of snowpack Increases in heatwave days and other extreme Increases in heatwave days and other extreme

weather eventsweather events Increases in electricity demandIncreases in electricity demand Decreases in forest yields and increases in wildfire Decreases in forest yields and increases in wildfire

riskrisk Agricultural: pests and disease increasesAgricultural: pests and disease increases

OzoneOzone Current Rate of Progress Report indicates emission Current Rate of Progress Report indicates emission

reductions are occurring and we are on the right reductions are occurring and we are on the right tracktrack

New plan being developed to meet 8-hour standardNew plan being developed to meet 8-hour standard Significant new reductions will be neededSignificant new reductions will be needed New conformity baseline will be developed/evaluatedNew conformity baseline will be developed/evaluated Blueprint/land use measures will be critical for all Blueprint/land use measures will be critical for all

pollutants.pollutants. Particulate matterParticulate matter

Designations expected in November 2009Designations expected in November 2009 New plan must show attainment by 2015/2020New plan must show attainment by 2015/2020 Some control measures are already being Some control measures are already being

implementedimplemented Local transportation impact depends on state/federal Local transportation impact depends on state/federal

effortsefforts Climate changeClimate change

Pavley Bill – CO2 reductions with 2009 model yearPavley Bill – CO2 reductions with 2009 model year California Action Plan due – Mandatory registration?California Action Plan due – Mandatory registration?

State Implementation State Implementation PlansPlans

(How to Get Clean Air)(How to Get Clean Air)

Ozone Non-attainment Ozone Non-attainment AreaArea

(PM Boundaries TBD)(PM Boundaries TBD)

Ozone Non-attainment Ozone Non-attainment AreaArea

(PM Boundaries TBD)(PM Boundaries TBD)

Regional Emissions Regional Emissions InventoryInventory

Ozone PrecursorsOzone Precursors

ROG + NOx + Sunlight (heat) = Ozone

A Closer Look at Mobile A Closer Look at Mobile NOxNOx

Goods Movement

Goods Movement

Particulate Emissions Particulate Emissions InventoryInventory

Particulate Matter 2.5 Tons per Day(2005, Sacramento County)

On-Road Mobile8%

Stationary9%

Off-Road Mobile10%

Area73%

Goods M

ovem

ent

Good

s M

ovem

en

t

Particulate Reduction Particulate Reduction MeasuresMeasures

The CARB Diesel Risk Reduction Plan - The CARB Diesel Risk Reduction Plan - statewide effort that will reduce diesel statewide effort that will reduce diesel particulate from on-road, off-road and particulate from on-road, off-road and stationary engines 75% by 2010 and 85% by stationary engines 75% by 2010 and 85% by 2020.2020.

New engine standardsNew engine standards Retrofitting existing enginesRetrofitting existing engines Requiring reduction in sulfur level in diesel fuelRequiring reduction in sulfur level in diesel fuel

The CARB Air Quality and Land Use The CARB Air Quality and Land Use Handbook – Provides new guidance on Handbook – Provides new guidance on project location and impacts of diesel project location and impacts of diesel emissionsemissions

CARB has adopted anti-idling regulations CARB has adopted anti-idling regulations for some vehicle categoriesfor some vehicle categories

More Reduction More Reduction MeasuresMeasures

Local AQMD incentive programs pay the Local AQMD incentive programs pay the incremental cost to install emission incremental cost to install emission reducing technologies (low-emission reducing technologies (low-emission engines and after-treatment devices) engines and after-treatment devices) - 1998-2005 $55 Million/4.8 Tons per day of NOx- 1998-2005 $55 Million/4.8 Tons per day of NOx

Local AQMD existing regulations for Local AQMD existing regulations for stationary and area sources of particulatestationary and area sources of particulate

July 2005 local AQMD work plan to establish July 2005 local AQMD work plan to establish control requirements for control requirements for

Residential wood burningResidential wood burning Fugitive dustFugitive dust Combustion emissionsCombustion emissions Transportation emission sourcesTransportation emission sources

More Measures Are More Measures Are NeededNeeded

Additional regulations/incentive programs Additional regulations/incentive programs are needed to address idling vehiclesare needed to address idling vehicles

Multi-regional trucks and their emissions Multi-regional trucks and their emissions need multi-jurisdictional solutionneed multi-jurisdictional solution

Impact of 8-hour SIP requirements will be Impact of 8-hour SIP requirements will be known this fall. known this fall.

New conformity evaluation and baseline New conformity evaluation and baseline will be required for roads and airportswill be required for roads and airports

Will Goods Movement Will Goods Movement Affect Air Quality?Affect Air Quality?

Preliminary Emissions EstimatesPreliminary Emissions Estimates

CARB has published emission CARB has published emission estimates in its draftestimates in its draft Emissions Emissions Reduction Plan for Ports and Reduction Plan for Ports and International Goods Movement International Goods Movement 2001 vs. 20202001 vs. 2020

Not sure if CARB is catching all Not sure if CARB is catching all the expected increasesthe expected increases

Statewide Ports and International Goods Movement Emissions: 2001 v. 2020 CARB

Estimates

In SummaryIn Summary

A continued unified effort on the A continued unified effort on the part of state and local agencies is part of state and local agencies is

needed to ensure increases in needed to ensure increases in emissions that may result from emissions that may result from increases in goods movement in increases in goods movement in the Sacramento region do not the Sacramento region do not

impair the ability of the region to impair the ability of the region to attain the federal and state air attain the federal and state air

quality standards.quality standards.Questions?Questions?