55

GOODYEARSUV/4x4TyresProfiles for every terrain

www.goodyear.co.za

Goodyear South Africa (Pty) LtdAlgoa Road Uitenhage6230

Contact your local Goodyear dealer for tyre availability

Telephone+27 41 994 6911Telefax+27 41 992 6306

Dealer

Introduction

Vehicle Technical Information Definitions - Still Needed Vehicle Geometric Limitations

Driving TipsMud Ruts and Sand, Soft and Rough Ground Muddy Ground, Dry Sand Driving Over Ridges, Road Gullies Crossing a Ditch, Crossing River Beds Obstacles Traction and Driving a Side Slope

Introduction to 4x4/SUV TyresProduct Application Map Product Application Map: Different Underfoot Conditions

Goodyear SUV and 4x4 Tyre Line-upOn-Road Tyres On/Off-Road Tyres Off-Road Tyres

Tyre Technical DataSidewall Markings 40-41Components of a Radial Ply 4x4 Tyre 42-43Load Index TableLoad and Speed Symbols 44-45 Tyre Labelling

Equivalency Table for Principal 4x4 Tyre Dimensions

Inflation Pressure RecommendationsOn-Road and Off-Road

Tyre MaintenanceRegular Tyre Checks Basic Rules When Changing Tyres

Goodyear and the Environment

Notes

Contents PageIntroduction

During the past twenty years, we have witnessed the 4x4 vehicle evolving from just an average size pick-up (bakkie as it is known in Southern Africa) or beach buggy to a family commuter and status symbol.

The 4x4 lifestyle has also changed dramatically over the past two decades.

Tyres have also evolved from aggressive, noisy tyres for only off-road surfaces, to a variety of smooth all-terrain tyres with fashionable rims. The new, expensive, multi-purpose vehicle with all its bells and whistles can be intimidating, but will exceed your highest expectations, once you familiarise yourself with its capabilities.

We at Goodyear have also turned our attention to this market segment and through innovation and investment we have become the market leaders, not only for 4x4, but also for SUV tyres.

This booklet will help you master the basic concepts behand 4x4 driving and will also help you to get a better understanding for the most important tyre related subjects.

32

FINA

L PAG

E NU

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S TO BE D

ON

E WH

EN LAYO

UT IS FIN

ALISED

54

Vehicle Technical InformationVehicle Geometric Limitations

It is very important to know and understand the limitations of your vehicle when travelling off-road, especially if you want to keep damage of the bodywork to a minimum.

Pay special attention to the following limitations of your vehicle:

• Under-axleclearance• Under-chassisclearance• Rampangle• Approach/departureangles• Skidplates

GROUND CLEARANCE AND ATTACKA = Approach anglea = Break-over angleB = Departure angle

• Before venturing off-road it is essential to know the ground clearance and the maximum angles

of attack and exit of your vehicle.

• Knowing how to assess the obstacles in relation to these parameters, is in fact one of the basic essentials to off-road driving.

• On rocky or very compact ground, strong impact with the under body or mechanical assemblies can cause the vehicle to stop abruptly.

Trying to overcome this type of obstacle with a sudden dash frequently leads to vehicle damage. If possible, ditches, acute gradients and immovable projecting obstacles should be avoided.

ANGLES FOR YOUR VEHICLE

Be sure to work out the angles and heights specific to your 4x4 and fill them in below.

Transmission clearance might be different.

Not applicable when tyres are deflated.

AB a

Vehicle Technical InformationVehicle Geometric Limitations

cm cm

Approach/Departure, Ramp Break-Over

Wading Depth, Ground Clearance

Maximum Gradient

Mud Ruts and Sand

Crossing deep mud may call for increased acceleration in higher gear. Drive straight through, until you reach firm ground. Shallow ruts are easy to follow, but straddle deep ruts wherever possible. When driving in sand, follow existing tracks where you can.

Soft Ground

When driving on soft ground, select second or third gear and maintain momentum by keeping a constant speed. If traction is lost, try moving the steering wheel side to side (position two o’clock to eleven o’clock) through caster motion to gain additional traction.

On soft or loose ground, off-road vehicles are generally sufficiently robust to make their own way if an error of judgement by the driver has caused interference with the chassis or the differentials.

Rough Ground

When driving over rough, rocky ground, select Low Range first gear and try to slowly ‘walk’ the vehicle across. This must be done because there could be hidden obstacles. This procedure will allow the vehicle to stall before damaging it. Keep speed low and apply a small amount of acceleration.

With the engine idling, the vehicle will drive on its own with foot off the accelerator (diesel only).

Do not ride the clutch.

76

Driving Tips

Muddy Ground

Try and avoid muddy ground at all times. If this is not possible, walk through the mud. If it is deep mud, the vehicle will be covered up to the chassis. Reduce the tyre pressure to obtain the desired momentum. If the mud is shallow, attack the mud to obtain momentum, wheel spin and self-cleaning of the tread.

Often it will be possible to find solid surfaces at the bottom of the mud and it will then be even easier to get traction if your vehicle is fitted with narrow tyres (smaller section width) with an aggressive tread design/pattern.

In some cases the mud will be so deep that the vehicle could lodge on the chassis/axle before the wheels obtain sufficient grip. Unless high flotation tyres are fiited, it may be necessary to reduce tyre pressures.

A pressure gauge and an efficient portable foot/electrical pump for restoring the original pressure as soon as possible, are required.

Dry Sand

In these conditions, any experienced driver will know how much power is absorbed while trying to stay in motion and how the engine horse power seems to be “swallowed up” by the sand.

Select any of the 10 high gear options of Low Range, or 20 of the lower gears if your vehicle is in High Range.

In order to increase your momentum, you will need to deflate your tyres. This will lead to a longer footprint and increase the contact area of the tyre.

In all cases, where the engine permits, you should consider a higher gear selection and apply even pressure on the accelerator.

Driving Tips

98

Driving Tips

Driving Over Ridges

If you approach a ridge at the wrong angle, your vehicle will Cross Axle, resulting in two wheels loosing traction.

By engaging diff lock =, you will recover a ????? Cross Axled vehicle.

By reducing tyre pressure, you will enhance suspension travel, which will further add to traction/grip.

Road Gullies

On muddy ground, the passage of vehicles over the same path will tend to dig ruts which become wider and deeper. Where it was relatively easy to drive at first, it could later become difficult to travel.

Steering violently to get out of muddy ruts of this sort is useless because the vehicle will tend to travel inside the ruts, even with the wheels turned. This could cause sudden swerving when the front wheels regain grip or exit the ruts.

Crossing a Ditch

A ditch, roughly the same width as the diameter of the wheels, can be crossed by selecting a suitably inclined angle of approach. Correct positioning is important so that the wheels enter the ditch one at a time while the others remain outside it. A frontal approach, with both front wheels in the ditch at the same time, will generally bring the vehicle to a standstill.

Crossing River Beds

When crossing river beds, you need to get out of your vehicle and inspect the route by walking through it, marking the path you want to follow. Try and avoid deep water as far as possible. You need to keep in mind that you can cause water damage to your vehicle if you cross deep water. Drive with a wave action to create low water levels. The manufacturer states the maximum crossing depth for each vehicle. If these limits are exceeded, various problems may arise (suction of water into the engine, ignition cut outs, contamination of lubricating oil, etc.). Remember, stagnant water can conceal some tens of centimetres of treacherous mud.

Always check the consistency of the bed of water. Running water in rivers or streams generally prevents the formation of mud. Keep constant, smooth momentum.Use 1st or 2nd gear, depending on the ground. Get out and check the water level.

Cross the river bed in low gear, so that the engine is turning over at fairly high revolutions to overcome back-pressure in the exhaust when it is submerged in the water. Also be aware that at high RPM the fan is moving fast so it will move water over the engine. Use a plastic dustbin bag in the front of the grill and treat the engine with silicone spray (Q20/WD40).

Driving Tips

1110

Driving Tips

Obstacles

The driver of the vehicle must pay attention to the following, when driving through an obstacle course:

• Look for entry and exit of obstacle

• Visual inspection of the obstacle

• Know the capabilities of your vehicle

• Gear selection is crucial

For each of the obstacles i.e. gradients, rough ground, soft ground, ditches, ridges, etc. the following procedures should be adhered to:

• On foot inspection and plan of action

• Brief discussion on tactics, dynamics, procedures and emergency drills

• Demonstration

Try to maintain a combination of traction and momentum, especially on cross-over situations. If the engine stalls or if the wheels cannot find traction on a slope, apply the foot break only (not the clutch) so that vehicle stalls in gear. If vehicle stalls, indentify the cause by: i. checking gear selection or ii. checking for obstacles.

Traction

The most common reasons for losing traction:

• Suspension runs out of travel (wheel in air)

• Incorrect gear selection

• If vehicle becomes unstable or breaks free, always steer down the gradient

• Keep momentum in very soft or loose ground

• Incorrect tyre pressure

• Using more power than needed

Side Slope

• Plan your route and think about entry and exit points to the obstacle

• Try to start high and finish low

• Select Low Range first gear if terrain is very uneven, or 2nd low if terrain is soft or slippery

• Keep momentum

• Pay attention to emergency procedures, when needed

Driving Tips

1312

Introduction to 4x4/SUV TyresProduct Application Map

The Goodyear SUV/4x4 product line-up offers a special tyre for each type of application.

The table below serves as a quick reference for determining the best tyre to use for any specific driving condition.

For additional information and advice on product availability, please contact your Goodyear representative.

Introduction to 4x4/SUV TyresProduct Application Map

Ultimate performance and grip fromGoodyear

On/Off-road Off-road On-road SUV4x4ON-ROAD

SUV4x4

ON/OFF-ROAD

SUV4x4OFF-ROAD

Wrangler MT/R with KevlarWrangler DuraTrac

EfficientGrip SUV

Eagle F1 Asymmetric SUV

Wrangler F1

Wrangler F1 (WRL-2)

Wrangler HP All-Weather

Wrangler AT/SA

On/Off-road On-road SUV4x4OFF-ROAD

SUV4x4

ON/OFF-ROAD

Off-road

Left to right:EfficientGrip SUV Eagle F1 Asymmetric SUV Wrangler F1 (WRL-2)Wrangler HP All-Weather

Wrangler AT/SA Left to right:Wrangler MT/R with Kevlar Wrangler DuraTrac

SUV4x4ON-ROAD

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Introduction to 4x4/SUV TyresProduct Application Map: Different Underfoot Conditions

4x4 Tyre Type

Surface

On-R

oad

Tarmac

Excellent

Good

Satisfactory

Sand

Gravel

Mud

Snow

Ice

All-P

urpose

Off-R

oad

Winter

Sp

ecial Sand

16 17

Goodyear SUV and 4x4 Tyre Line-upOn-Road Tyres

EfficientGrip SUVThe tyre that SUV drivers have been waiting for.

Following the introduction of the award winningº EfficientGrip passenger tyre, Goodyear proudly presents the EfficientGrip SUV.

Featuring Goodyear’s FuelSaving Technology and produced using the latest developments in

manufacturing techniques and advanced materials, this SUV tyre is friendly to the environment.

SUV drivers can enjoy the benefits of lower fuel consumption, CO2 emissions and a quiet ride.*

Mileage is retained without compromising performance, such as shorter braking distances on dry and wet roads and improved steering precision and handling.**

º FleetNews Awards 2010 Environmental Award.* Tested against its predecessor by TÜV SÜD Automotive in Sep-Oct 2011; Tyre Size: 215/65R16

98H; Vehicle: VW Tiguan 2.0 TDI; Location: Mireval (FR) & Garching (GE); Report nr:76247158.** Compared to the average performance of 3 leading competitors. Braking distance on wet road

from 80km/h to 20km/h, braking distance on dry road from 100 km/h to 0km/h, measured by TÜV SÜD Automotive in Sep-Oct 2011; Tyre size: 215/65R16 98H; Vehicle: VW Tiguan 2.0 TDI; Location: Mireval (FR) & Garching (GE); Report nr: 76247158.

• Treadcompoundusing traction resins

• Lowertyreweight

• Increasedtreadpattern • Lateralstiffness

• Newbeadareashape

BenefitActionFeatures and benefits Feature

• Lessmaterialinthetyre• Lessheatgenerationfromthe main construction elements• CoolCushionLayerreduces rolling resistance• Betterpolymerstability reduced heat generation

• FuelSavingTechnology

• Treadcompoundusing functionalised polymer

• Betterbrakingforce transmission

• 3Dbladesatshoulders• Increasedtreadpattern circumferential stiffness

• Increasedwetgrip

• Reducesthevehicle’s unsprung mass, the same way alloy rims do vs steel rims

• Lessblockdeformationunder steering maneuvers

• Improvedtyreseatingon the rim - more direct force transmissibility

• Reducedfuelconsumption and CO2 emissions

• Shorterbrakingdistanceon dry roads

• Shorterbrakingdistanceon wet roads

• Improvedsteeringprecision& handling

SUV4x4ON-ROAD

18 19

Goodyear SUV and 4x4 Tyre Line-upOn-Road Tyres

Eagle F1 Asymmetric SUVFor ultra-high performance Goodyear’s Eagle F1

Asymmetric SUV tyre for high-end performance SUVs.

This SUV version of the award-winning Eagle F1 Asymmetric also features Goodyear’s advanced Active Cornergrip Technology and Racing Compound, providing additional grip to the road and delivering unrivalled all-round performance.

•Pitchingsequence Optimising tyre noise harmonics

BenefitActionFeatures and benefits Feature

The chipper technology in the wall of the tyre:• Ensuresevendistributionof pressure and consequently more efficient tyre/road contact patch where all tread zones are in action

• Reinforces compression of the open tread zone designed for critical wet conditions like aquaplaning

• UniqueActiveCornergrip Technology

• Asymmetrictreadpattern • Closedoutsidedesign

• Openinsidedesign

• Highperformance

• Aquaplaning,wethandling

• Forimprovedhandlingand noise reduction• Topreventaquaplaningand improve wet handling

Ensuring a smoother, quieter ride

SUV4x4ON-ROAD

20 21

Goodyear SUV and 4x4 Tyre Line-upOn-Road Tyres

Wrangler F1 (WRL-2)For ultra-high performance Goodyear’s Wrangler F1

perfectly complements the world’s most powerful SUV/4x4 vehicles with speed, style and comfort.

With the tread pattern designed to maximise water dispersion, and the tread compound helping to keep a firm grip on the wettest roads, the Wrangler F1 delivers secure performance at speeds of up to 270 km/h.

Shoulder block decoupling

Blades in groove

Optimised pressure distribution

Additional biting edge at worn stage

BenefitActionFeatures and benefits Feature

Maximised water dispersionDirectional V-type pattern

Radial cut in shoulder-to-centreline rib

Increased block edges

Resistance to aquaplaning

Improved traction

Even wear

Worn tyre performance

SUV4x4ON-ROAD

22 23

Goodyear SUV and 4x4 Tyre Line-upOn-Road Tyres

Wrangler HP All-WeatherThis all-weather tread compound offers effective traction in both summer and winter conditions, on- or off-road.

Silent block design Progressive road contact

BenefitActionFeatures and benefits Feature

Adapts to road surface contact under varying road conditions

SmartTRED Weather Reactive Technology and all-weather compound

Deep and wide grooves • Fastwaterdispersal• Mudevacuation

Optimum performance in all-weather conditions

• Resistancetoaquaplaning• Maximumgripinoff-road conditions

Quiet ride

SUV4x4ON-ROAD

The intelligent self-adapting 4x4 tyre

Wrangler HP is the true all-weather, high-performance SUV/4x4 tyre – and its secret is our unique SmartTRED Weather Reactive Technology.

24 25

Goodyear SUV and 4x4 Tyre Line-upOn/Off-Road Tyres

Wrangler AT/SAEnjoy the smooth, quiet ride that comes from the layers made with DuPont™ Kevlar® which help to absorb road noise.

With Wrangler AT/SA, you just go where you want, under any road conditions.

High blade density tread

Optimised polymer blend

Additional biting edges in radial and longitudinal direction

• Highcutresistanceintread and good interaction on wet surface• Lowpolycyclicaromaticoil content

BenefitActionFeatures and benefits Feature

• Twohigh-tensilesteelbelts and two layers made with DuPont™ Kevlar®, which is a material five times stronger than steel

• DuraWall™ sidewall reinforcement

• Reducednoisewithoptimised block sequence and shifting

• Improvestyreresistanceto punctures in the tread• Reducesnoiseforasmooth and quiet ride

• Improvestyreresistance to punctures and cuts in the sidewall

• Quietandcomfortableride

SilentArmor Technology

Deep staggered shoulder notches and traction ridges

Increased mud evacuation Improves off-road traction in mud

Better grip on wet

• Optimisedwetgripand mileage with good off-road performance• Friendly to the environment

SUV4x4ON-ROAD

The on/off-road tyre featuring SilentArmor Technology

The Wrangler AT/SA from Goodyear featuring SilentArmor Technology allows you to drive with confidence on rough roads, thanks to the durability of two

layers made with DuPont™ Kevlar®, a material stronger than steel, and Durawall™ sidewall reinforcement that enhances cut resistance in the sidewalls.

26 27

Goodyear SUV and 4x4 Tyre Line-upOn/Off-Road Tyres

Wrangler DuraTracWhether you haul a heavy load to a construction site, head off for a weekend of outdoor leisure or just take your 4x4 over a challenging off-road course, Wrangler DuraTrac is the perfect choice for all work and recreational applications.

Self-cleaning shoulder blocks

Mountain Snowflake Symbol Designation

Pinned for metal studs

Mud evacuation

Bladed design and optimised tread compound for winter performances

Provides ultimate studded grip

BenefitActionFeatures and benefits Feature

Increased traction features in all conditions

Offers enhanced traction in deep mud and snow

TractiveGroove Technology™

Highly angled centre tread blocks

Maximised biting edges and optimised blocks to enter into the footprint

Help provide enhanced traction and lateral stability while reducing road noise

Help provide enhanced dirt, gravel and mud traction

Outstanding winter traction

Enhanced traction in winter driving conditions

SUV4x4ON-ROAD

The new off-road tyre for extreme 4x4 enthusiasts

Thanks to the TractiveGroove TechnologyTM the new Wrangler DuraTrac delivers you the performance you are looking for when you need to rely on the all-wheel-drive capabilities of your vehicle.

It provides enhanced traction in deep mud and snow, while the combination of highly angled centre tread blocks and zig-zag microgrooves offers improved lateral stability and traction on wet and snowy roads. A special tread rubber enhances the toughness and the longevity of the tyre.

Increase sidewall puncture resistance

Enhances sidewall traction

Contact patch adapts terrain

Low polycyclic aromatic oil content

35% less chance of a flat tyre

Better performance in deep mud, sand and rocks

Offers aggressive off-road traction while maintaining enhanced handling on the road

For superb off-road and wet traction

DuPont™ Kevlar® reinforced sidewalls

Hardworking wraparound tread

Innovative asymmetric tread design

Advanced silica rubber

28 29

Goodyear SUV and 4x4 Tyre Line-upOff-Road Tyres

Wrangler MT/R with KevlarThe MT/R (the Revolutionary Off-Road Tyre) is one of South Africa’s most distinctive tyres. The aggressive, eye-catching tread pattern and Kevlar-reinforced sidewall will help you fight through the toughest terrains.

BenefitActionFeatures and benefits Feature

Dedicated to off-road driving

The Goodyear Wrangler MT/R was specifically designed to cope with the toughest terrain your vehicle will ever encounter. The unique asymmetrical tread design offers aggressive off-road traction. The wraparound tread makes quick work of deep mud, sand and rocks.

The sidewall is reinforced with DuPont™ Kevlar® and the advanced silica rubber compound offers superb off-road and wet traction.

4x4ON-ROAD

1. Tread band: The part which comes into direct contact with the driving surface. It provides traction, braking, adherence as well as guarding against wear and protecting the carcass beneath.

2. Belt: Found immediately under the tread and running circumferentially around the tyre, the belt comprises multiple steel cord layers and nylon to give the tyre strength, hold the tread firmly on the road and to prevent penetration into the carcass.

3. Carcass: Consisting of radial plies to transmit loads, as well as braking and steering forces from the wheel to the road to withstand the burst loads of the tyre under operating pressure. The rubber filler (apex) provides progressive transition from the stiff bead area into the flexible sidewall.

4. Bead bundle: This high tensile steel bead bundle anchors the tyre on the rim and maintains it in position. A layer of hard rubber chafer prevents erosion by the rim flange.

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Tyre Technical DataComponents of a Radial Ply 4x4 Tyre

Tread Design

A 4x4 tyre is exposed to a variety of surface types and ground conditions. Its major challenge is to provide optimum performance in different driving conditions for which conflicting tread designs are ideally suited.

A vehicle manufacturer should cater for every customer’s need, although, many owners will choose their own 4x4 tyres for improved ability or for purely aesthetic reasons.

Tyre Markings

There are various tyre size markings which differentiate tyre types. Size markings should be treated in the same way as a part number on your vehicle. Ensure that your tyres carry the precise markings indicated in your vehicle handbook or are an approved alternative fitment. Most size markings indicate the dimensions, the type of structure and the speed capability of a tyre.

Size Definitions

Listed below are some of the popular size designations that are being used on tyres for light truck applications. With each size is an explanation of what each component the size describes:

P 215 / 75 R 15P - passenger car tyre design215 - section width in mm75 - aspect ratio (sidewall height as a percentage of the section width)R - radial construction15 - rim diameter in inches

31 x 10.50 R 15 LT31 - outer diameter in inches10.50 - section width in inchesR - radial construction15 - rim diameter in inchesLT - light truck tyre design

LT 235 / 85 R 16 95 SLT - light truck tyre235 - section width in mm85 - aspect ratioR - radial construction16 - rim diameter in inches95 - load indexS - speed rating

Tyre Technical DataSidewall Markings

1

2

34

185 R 14 C185 - section width in mmR - radial construction14 - rim diameter in inchesC - commercial (vehicle tyre with load index <=121)

7.50 R 167.50 - section width in inchesR - radial construction16 - rim diameter in inches

7.50 R 16 121 / 120 L7.50 - section width in inchesR - radial construction16 - rim diameter in inches121 - load index value (single wheel application)120 - load index value (dual application)L - speed rating

A 4x4 tyre is a composite product made up from rubbercompounds and textile, steel or synthetic reinforcements. The major components are described below:

3332

Tyre Technical DataLoad Index Table

Tyre Technical DataLoad Index Table

5051525354555657585960616263646566676869707172

7374757677

190195200206212218224230236243250257265272280290300307315325335345355365375387400412

78798081828384858687888990919293949596979899100101102103104105

106107108109110111112113114115116117118119120121122123124125126127128129130131132133

134135136137138139140141142143144145146147148149150151152153154155

156157158159160161

162163164165166167168169170171172173174175176177178179180181182183184185186187188189

190191192193194195196197198199

425437450462475487500515530545560580600615630650670690710730750775800825850875900925

95097510001030106010901120115011801210125012801325136014001450150015501600165017001750180018501900195020002060

2120218022402300236024302500257526502725280029003000307531503250335034503550365037503875400041254250437545004625

475048755000515053005450

560058006000615063006500670069007100730075007750800082508500875090009250950097501000010300

1060010900

1120011500118001210012500128001325013600

LI kg LI kg LI kg LI kg LI kg LI kg

Load Carrying Capacity TableLI = Load Index

34 35

Tyre Technical DataLoad and Speed Symbols

Tyre Technical DataLoad and Speed Symbols

Tread DesignAn Explanation of Tyre Markings together with Speed and Load Ratings 

1. Brand name of the tyre - i.e. Goodyear, Sava, Fulda

2. Tyre model. E.g. Eagle, Wrangler etc.

3. Tyre size - The width of the tyre tread expressed in millimetres, which in this illustration is 205; the aspect ratio - height of the tyre sidewall as a percentage of the width, in this case it is 55% of 205mm; and the diameter of the wheel size the tyre is designed to fit, expressed in inches. In this illustration, it is 16”. The letter between the numbers is the type of construction i.e. ‘R’ Radial. So this tyre is a 205/55 R16.

4. Service description - in this example the figure 91 denotes the maximum weight capacity of the tyre according to the official load index table, which translates to 615 kg (see diagram below). The letter V indicates the speed rating of the tyre, in this case the tyre is suitable for cars capable of reaching a maximum vehicle speed of 149.1 mph (see diagram below).

5. ECE (Economic Commission for Europe) Regulation 30 Conformity Approval Number - which means that the tyre meets the standards of the European Regulatory Authorities.

6. EEC Noise Approval Number, which means that the noise generated by the tyre is within approved European limits.

7. USA Department of Transport manufacturer’s code. This mark is not relevant to all countries. 

8. Date of manufacture. This is important as the age of a tyre can affect its performance. The first 2 numbers refer to the week and the 3rd and 4th numbers refer to the year (for example 2107 means that the tyre was manufactured in the 21st week of 2007.)

9. USA UTQG (Uniform Tyre Quality Grade) ratings. This has no significance in the UK.

10. USA maximum tyre loading. This mark is not relevant to all countries.

11. USA maximum tyre inflation pressure. This mark is not relevant to all countries.

12. Denotes tubeless construction.

13. Safety warning refers to the dangers of under-inflation/ overloading and the mounting of tyres together with the risk of severe over-inflation.

14. Direction of rotation which relates to directional tyres only. These tyres are designed to rotate in one direction only which is indicated on the sidewall by an arrow.

15. Outer/inner sidewall refers to the mounting of asymmetric tyres only. These tyres have different tread patterns on their inner and outer sides, offering improved performance, and must be fitted correctly.

16. Extra load version where applicable.

16a. Reinforced construction.

17. TWI indicates the location of the tread wear indicators, which are raised areas at the base of the tread to a serve as a visual warning that the tyre is approaching or at the minimum legal tread depth. On most passenger, SUV and 4x4 tyres the TWI cuts at 1.6mm.

TWI17

17

TW

I

17

TWI

17

TWI

TW

I

TWI17

17

2

56

3

9

9

16

10

1387

15

11

1

16a

14

9

12

4

36 37

Tyre Technical DataLoad and Speed Symbols

0506

Date of Manufacturing

Speed Symbols

Date of Manufacture: 5th week 2006

Week ofManufacture5th week of a specific calendar year

Year ofManufacture2006

Speed Symbol Miles/Hour Km/Hour

N 87 140P 93 150Q 99 160R 106 170S 112 180T 118 190U 124 200H 130 210V 149 240Z 150 240W 168 270Y 186 300

Tyre Technical DataTyre Labelling

EC Regulation 1222/2009

Guideline for tyre labelling to promote the use of fuel-efficient and safe tyres with low noise levels.

The information on the three characteristics of the tyre is to be given through a system of grading.Only on tyres that are imported from Europe to South Africa. The label will be on passenger, light truck, SUV and 4x4 tyres from November 2012.

Rolling Resistance*

External noise of the tyre.All tyres must achieve the noise limit, but the fewer black waves, the quieter the tyre.

*A is the highest rating.

Wet Grip Index*

38 39

Equivalency Table for Principal 4x4 Tyre Dimensions

Equivalency Table for Principal 4x4 Tyre Dimensions

Maximum OD

85 Series and others

80 Series

75 Series

70 Series

65 Series

60 Series

55 Series

50 Series

45/40 Series

35/30 Series

681 205/70R15 685 245/45R18 690 225/55R17 696 175R16 698 215/65R16 700 235/60R16 235/55R17

215/60R17 701 205/75R15 703 235/50R18 705 195/80R15 715 215/75R15 720 215/70R16 733 225/75R15 734 225/70R16 736 225/65R17 275/40R20 315/35R20 737 215R15C 285/30ZR22740 215/75R16 746 275/55R17 747 235/75R15

LT235/75R15749 205R16 255/55R18 255/50R19 285/45R19 750 235/70R16 235/65R17 255/60R17 751 235/60ZR18752 255/65R16 753 255/70R15C754 295/40R20758 225/75R16 759 265/50R19 762 245/65R17 763 245/75R15C 245/60R18 764 245/70R16C

245/70R16 766 275/45R20 767 265/70R15 774 255/50R20 775 255/60R18 255/55R19 776 235/70R17 778 255/65R17 779 255/75R15 783 285/55R18 787 265/60R18 788 245/75R16

LT245/75R16790 265/65R17 791 31X10.50R15LT792 265/70R16 795 265/75R15C801 275/60R18 804 275/65R17 808 275/70R16 818 7.50R16C LT265/70R17820 265/75R16

LT265/75R16822 LT235/85R16852 LT285/75R16888 LT305/60R20892 LT315/70R17

THE PERSON WHO PLACES THE VEHICLE IN CIRCULATION TAKES FULL AND ENTIRE RESPONSIBILITY ESPECIALLY CONCERNING TECHNICAL ROAD VEHICLE REGULATION.

Using the table: Equivalent tyres should be chosen by using the maximum outside diameter of the original series as a starting point (based on ETRTO*) and applying a tolerance of +1.5% to –2%.

235/75R150 747

15’’ 16’’ 17’’

235/70R160 750

235/65R170 750

255/55R180 749

18’’ 20’’ 22’’

295/40R200 754

285/30R220 742

*ETRTO (The European Tyre and Rim Technical Organisation)

On-RoadTyres must always be inflated to the on-road pressure indicated in the vehicle manufacturer’s handbook.

Under-inflation is the worst enemy of your tyre on the road, and can seriously prejudice your safety. It causes premature wear, generates excessive heat and greatly reduces the performance of the vehicle.

Off-Road• Onroughterrain,slightunder-inflation(approx.10%)ispreferable.

• Toprevent‘ploughing’overlooseground,use50%ofthe recommended inflation pressure with very low speeds on short runs to avoid heat build-up in tyres.

• Oversand,25-45%under-inflationimprovesflotation.

• Onmudandsnow,pressurereductionsover30%arenot recommended.

• Anyfurtherreductionsofpressurearenotrecommended: below 50% provides only slight traction gain while exposing the tyre to structure fatigue.

• Tyresmustalwaysbere-inflatedtocorrectworkingpressureafter off-road driving.

Regular Tyre Checks• For4x4tyresfrequentlyexposedtodifferentconditionsand extreme stresses, regular checks are advisable.

• Alwaysrememberthata4x4tyreisdesignedtoprovide performance AND safety.

• Tokeepthevehicle’scentreofgravitydown-andthereforeavoid a tendency to roll - do not excessively increase external tyre diameter.

• Whenreplacing,checktyreclearancetoavoidcontactwithfront wings on full lock, while driving through an obstacle course.

• Tyrewidthshouldnotextendoutsidewheelarches,norhave contact with suspension components on full lock.

• Sparetyreshouldbethesamedimension(towithin10% of the width) as those in use.

• Largertyresdemonstratemoreflotationcapabilityonsoftground.

• Tyretractionincreaseswithtyrewidth.

• Aloweraspectratiowithstiffsidewallismorepronetowearover abrasive terrain.

• Withoutappropriatebraketuning,anincreaseddiameterreduces braking capability.

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Tyre MaintenanceInflation Pressure RecommendationsOn-Road and Off-Road

Regular Tyre Checks (cont.)• Increasedtyrewidthmeansincreasedrollingresistanceandmore fuel consumption.

• Aftereveryoff-roadtrip,tyresmustberemovedfromthevehicle and the inside of the sidewall should be inspected.

Basic Rules When Changing TyresBefore fitting any new tyre:

• Ensurethereplacementtyrehasaloadindexandspeedsymbol equal to - or higher than - the original fitted tyres (based on ETRTO).

• Rememberthatastheaspectratioofatyrebecomessmaller, the width of the tyre increases.

• Ensurethatthediameterandwidthoftherimsconformto the recommendations of ETRTO (tyre and corresponding rim information can also be found in the rim manufacturer’s documents) and that they correspond to the tyre size chosen.

• Ensurethattheshockabsorbers’traveldistanceonthevehicle is sufficient to accept the replacement tyre size, without posing any mechanical or steering problem.

• Rememberthatadditionalspaceisrequiredifchainsaretobe fitted to tyres in winter.

• Besuretorespectallcurrentlaws.

• ETRTO(TheEuropeanTyreandRimTechnicalOrganisation).

Fitment Procedure• Use the correct bead lubrication for fitment procedure.

• After mounting the tyre one should remove the valve core and first inflate the tyre to seat properly.

• The tyre will now relax on the rim; deflate the tyre, put the valve core back and inflate it to the recommended inflation pressure.

Correct Inflation Pressure (On-road)• Tyres that are correctly inflated, as per the load it carries will have the best footprint for on-road performance.

• Under and over inflated tyres will cause irregular tyre wear and will have different behaviour to correctly inflated tyres.

CORRECT INFLATION

UNDER INFLATION

OVER INFLATION

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Respect

Respect the environment around you. Remember, you’re the guest there!

All off-road vehicles have the capability to inflict irreparable damage to sensitive eco-systems. Ruts caused by uncontrolled wheelspin can create watercourses and later cause erosion. Such ruts should be packed with rocks and logs to avoid later erosion.

Flora and groundcover help bond topsoil. Young saplings are future trees, providing food and shelter to animals and insects.

Be considerate of fauna by :

• Adhering to speed limits• Respecting their environment• Avoid making dust• Don’t use or dispose of toxic products• Wash dishes away from rivers or waterholes• Use water sparingly • Do not camp near animal drinking holes• Do not make fires under the drip line of a tree• Adhere to fire regulations• Use existing fireplaces• Remove all litter• Obey warnings• Close gates on farms / smallholdings• Use ‘cat latrines’ located well away from water• Toilet paper should be burned

Keep to existing tracks; remove fallen trees as this takes away the need to create a new track.

Beach driving is not permitted in South Africa anymore due to the mechanical and human impact on the environment.

Goodyear and the Environment Notes