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New Frontiers in Astronomy
Hubble and Beyond
New Frontiers in Astronomy
Hubble and BeyondC. A. Christian and A.
ContiSpace Telescope Science
Institute
C. A. Christian and A. Conti
Space Telescope Science Institute
April 2006 2
QuickTime™ and aSorenson Video 3 decompressorare needed to see this picture.
April 2006 3
• Visible – Hubble Space Telescope• Gamma rays - Compton Gamma Ray Obs.• X-rays - Chandra X-ray Observatory• Infrared - Spitzer Space Telescope
April 2006 4
A New Era in AstronomyA New Era in Astronomy• 1960: astronomical data goes digital• New instruments collect 100s of GB/night• Detectors follow Moore’s law• Data avalanche: double every 2 years
Growth over 25 years is a factor of 30 in collecting area, 3000 in pixels.
Courtesy of Alex Szalay
UDFUDF
TadpoleTadpole
Egg NebulaEgg
Nebula
Cat’s EyeCat’s Eye
Hodge301/TrantulaHodge301/Trantula
Light EchoLight Echo
SombreroSombrero
Sombrero IRSombrero IR
Sombrero compositeSombrero composite
Orion NebulaOrion Nebula
QuickTime™ and aYUV420 codec decompressor
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M101M101
April 2006 20
Pillars in the Eagle Nebula
Astronomical Data & Image Collection
Public Outreach CollaborationsPublic Outreach Collaborations
Public Info Informal ScienceNews K-14 College/Univ
Museums/ Planetaria
April 2006 22
Public Data AccessPublic Data Access
• Many observatories• Individual interfaces
• Many observatories• Individual interfaces
User
Mission A
Mission B
Mission C
Observatory X
Observatory Y
April 2006 23
The Virtual ObservatoryThe Virtual Observatory
Mission A
Mission B
Mission C
Observatory X
Observatory Y
User
• Data Standards• Related tools
• Data Standards• Related tools
VO
April 2006 28
NVO Datascope InterfaceNVO Datascope Interface
April 2006 29
Hubble Sky Coverage MapHubble Sky Coverage Map
QuickTime™ and aH.264 decompressor
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April 2006 30
DSS, SDSS, 2MASS, GALEX,…
DSS, SDSS, 2MASS, GALEX,…
April 2006 31
NASA Data CentersNASA Data Centers
• MAST: Multimission Archive at STScI• HEASARC: High Energy Astrophysics Science Archive Research Center
• IRSA: Infrared Science Archives• LAMBDA: Legacy Archive for Microwave Background Data Analysis
• MSC: Michelson Science Center• NASA ADS: Astrophysics Data System• NED: NASA Extragalactic Database
• MAST: Multimission Archive at STScI• HEASARC: High Energy Astrophysics Science Archive Research Center
• IRSA: Infrared Science Archives• LAMBDA: Legacy Archive for Microwave Background Data Analysis
• MSC: Michelson Science Center• NASA ADS: Astrophysics Data System• NED: NASA Extragalactic Database
April 2006 32
The Age of Large SurveysThe Age of Large Surveys
• Large number of new surveys• multi-TB in size, 100 million objects or more
• individual archives planned, or under way• Data publication an integral part of the survey
• Multi-wavelength view of the sky
• Impressive early discoveries
• Large number of new surveys• multi-TB in size, 100 million objects or more
• individual archives planned, or under way• Data publication an integral part of the survey
• Multi-wavelength view of the sky
• Impressive early discoveries
April 2006 33
Data VolumeData Volume• Astronomers have ~ Petabytes online now.
• Mine for new or interesting objects in a 400-D space• Positions, brightness, color, type, size, etc…
• Data doubles every 2 years• Publishing data• Providing good visualization and query tools
• Astronomers have ~ Petabytes online now.
• Mine for new or interesting objects in a 400-D space• Positions, brightness, color, type, size, etc…
• Data doubles every 2 years• Publishing data• Providing good visualization and query tools
April 2006 34
International Virtual Observatory AllianceInternational Virtual Observatory Alliance
April 2006 35
Data Formats: FITSData Formats: FITS
• FITS: Flexible Image Transport System• Standard astronomical binary data format
• Composed of a sequence of Header Data Units (HDUs)
• keyword=value statements, describe the organization of the data in the HDU and the format of the contents
• HDU may contain a digital image, tables and multidimensional matrices
• FITS: Flexible Image Transport System• Standard astronomical binary data format
• Composed of a sequence of Header Data Units (HDUs)
• keyword=value statements, describe the organization of the data in the HDU and the format of the contents
• HDU may contain a digital image, tables and multidimensional matrices
April 2006 36
Data Formats: VOTableData Formats: VOTable
XML format for tabular information
• Catalog query results• List of images or spectra• List of resources
XML format for tabular information
• Catalog query results• List of images or spectra• List of resources
April 2006 37
World Coordinate SystemWorld Coordinate System
• Coordinate Systems: Galactic, Ecliptic, J2000 Equatorial, B1950 Equatorial
• WCS Projections: LIN, TAN, SIN, STG, AZP, ARC, ZPN, ZEA, AIR, CYP, CAR, MER, CEA, COP, COD, COE, COO, BON, PCO, SFL, PAR, AIT, MOL, CSC, TSC, DSS, PLT
• Coordinate Systems: Galactic, Ecliptic, J2000 Equatorial, B1950 Equatorial
• WCS Projections: LIN, TAN, SIN, STG, AZP, ARC, ZPN, ZEA, AIR, CYP, CAR, MER, CEA, COP, COD, COE, COO, BON, PCO, SFL, PAR, AIT, MOL, CSC, TSC, DSS, PLT
April 2006 38
ZIP Code in the Sky (HTM)
ZIP Code in the Sky (HTM)
April 2006 39
NVO ProtocolsSOAP Web Services
NVO ProtocolsSOAP Web Services
• Cone search• Simple query around a given region
• Simple image access• Create an image of this region.• First step produces VOTables with links to image
• User downloads images as FITS in second stage
• SkyNode• Sophisticated access to tables• Supports distributed queries• Uses ADQL• Should eventually subsume Cone-search
• Cone search• Simple query around a given region
• Simple image access• Create an image of this region.• First step produces VOTables with links to image
• User downloads images as FITS in second stage
• SkyNode• Sophisticated access to tables• Supports distributed queries• Uses ADQL• Should eventually subsume Cone-search
April 2006 41
April 2006 42
GALEX SQL FormGALEX SQL Form
April 2006 43
Sloan Digital Sky InterfaceSloan Digital Sky Interface
April 2006 44
ChallengesChallenges41,253 square degrees 2 Trillion pixels
One wavelength 4 TerabytesMulti-wavelength 10-100 TerabytesTime dimension 10 Petabytes
• Hard to publish data & programs• Hard to find/understand data & programs
• New analysis & visualization tools are required
• Transition to the new astronomy• Sociological issues
41,253 square degrees 2 Trillion pixels
One wavelength 4 TerabytesMulti-wavelength 10-100 TerabytesTime dimension 10 Petabytes
• Hard to publish data & programs• Hard to find/understand data & programs
• New analysis & visualization tools are required
• Transition to the new astronomy• Sociological issues
April 2006 45
Contact InformationContact Information
Carol Christian [email protected]
Alberto Conti [email protected]
Carol Christian [email protected]
Alberto Conti [email protected]