Progress In Electromagnetic Research B, Vol. SUROTICAL AND EXCREMENTAL VERIFICATIO OF MICROSTRIP PATCH ANTENNA ARRAY M. Ali Soliman, W. Swelam, Ali Gomaa and T.E.Taha National Telecommunication Regulatory Authority, Cairo, Egypt Egyptian Armed Forces Shobraa Faculty of Engineering, Benha University, Cairo, Egypt. Faculty of Electronic Engineering, Menoufia University, Menouf, Egypt Abstract - A compact dual-band microstrip patch array antenna for both the MIMO 4G LTE and the WLAN systems is developed. and steerable planar microstrip dual-band phased array antenna is used to steer the main lobe beam on mobile device for directional transmission. Single element and linear sub-arrays with 1x2 and 1x4 dimensions of U-slotted rectangular patch antenna element is designed fabricated and measured. Also, Single U-slotted rectangular patch antenna element is used to build planar arrays antennas with 4x4 and 8x8 dimensions. Design simulation and optimization processes are carried out with the aid of the Advanced Design System (ADS)
Transcript
Progress In Electromagnetic Research B, Vol.
SUROTICAL AND EXCREMENTAL VERIFICATIO OF MICROSTRIP PATCH ANTENNA ARRAY
M. Ali Soliman, W. Swelam, Ali Gomaa and T.E.Taha
National Telecommunication Regulatory Authority, Cairo, EgyptEgyptian Armed ForcesShobraa Faculty of Engineering, Benha University, Cairo, Egypt. Faculty of Electronic Engineering, Menoufia University, Menouf, Egypt
Abstract - A compact dual-band microstrip patch array antenna for both the MIMO 4G LTE and the WLAN systems is developed. and steerable planar microstrip dual-band phased array antenna is used to steer the main lobe beam on mobile device for directional transmission. Single element and linear sub-arrays with 1x2 and 1x4 dimensions of U-slotted rectangular patch antenna element is designed fabricated and measured. Also, Single U-slotted rectangular patch antenna element is used to build planar arrays antennas with 4x4 and 8x8 dimensions. Design simulation and optimization processes are carried out with the aid of the Advanced Design System (ADS) electromagnetic simulator that uses the full–wave Method of Moment (MoM) numerical technique [1]. Array compactness was our target during the design process to integrate the array with the new mobile communication equipments.
By focusing the transmit power toward the right direction, beam-steering can not only improve SNR at the intended receiver but also reduces interfere to peer link, see Figure 1. Single U-slotted rectangular patch antenna element is used to build planar arrays antennas with 4x4 and 8x8 dimensions. More than +62 degrees for the 4x4 dimensions and +78 degrees for the 8x8 dimension are achieved for the main-lobe without the presence of any grating lobes. Single element, linear sub-arrays with 1x2 and 1x4 dimensions of this patch antenna element was designed fabricated and measured by authors [1], [2]. The achieved array antennas are suitable for MIMO 3G and 4G different wireless mobile applications.
M. Ali Soliman, W. Swelam, Ali Gomaa and T.E.Taha
1 . INTRODUCTION
MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) systems have been studied extensively during the recent years. It is clear from the theoretical point of view that the use of MIMO systems increases the capacity of transferred signal as compared to the use of SISO (Single Input Single Output) and SIMO (Single Input Multiple Output) systems [2]. 4G handheld telephones, iphones, and other new compact cellular equipments recommend the use of small-scale, multi-band MIMO antennas [3]. In this paper, a compact 1x4 U-slotted dual-band microstrip linear patch array antenna prototype is designed, fabricated and measured. It covers both the 4G LTE (Long-Term Evolution) and the WLAN (Wireless Local Area Network) bands and can be used in other MIMO antenna applications. Microstrip antenna type is preferable due to its easy fabrication, low cost, small-size, low weigh, integrate-ability and compatibility with standard manufacturing process [4]. Good agreement has been obtained between numerical simulations and experimental results. The paper is constructed as follows. The developed array antenna design and simulation including the single element, 1x2 and 1x4 linear arrays are presented in section 2. The fabrication and measurements are discussed in section 3. Finally, the work is concluded in section 4.
4G handheld telephones, iphones, and other new compact cellular equipments recommend the use of small-scale, multi-band MIMO antennas [5]. Microstrip antenna type is preferable due to its easy fabrication, low cost, small-size, low weigh, integrate-ability and compatibility with standard manufacturing process [6]. The paper is constructed as follows. Section two shows the dual-band planar 4x4 U-slotted rectangular patch phased array antenna with more than + 62 degrees of beam-steering. Section three shows the dual-band planar 8x8 U-slotted rectangular patch phased array antenna with more than + 78 degrees of beam-steering. Section four gives the conclusion.
Progress In Electromagnetic Research B, Vol.
2. DESIGN AND SIMULTION
The geometry of an antenna element is optimized and is shown in Figure 1 (in mm). Rogers substrate [5], RT-Duriod 5880 (εr =2.2) single substrate is used with 62 mil thickness. U-shaped slotted patch is used to provide the dual-band for both the LTE and WLAN applications. Figure 2 shows that the reflection coefficient S11
is -23.83dB at 3.5GHz with a frequency bandwidth of 75MHz (LTE frequency band), and is -20.88dB with a frequency bandwidth of 80MHz at 5GHz (WLAN frequency band). This ensures good matching. Figure 3 shows the meandering of the surface current on the radiating U-slot patch this result in an increase of the length of the equivalent surface current path. Figure 4 shows that the gain is better than 7dBi with antenna efficiency of 93.43% at 3.5GHz. The simulation also shows that the gain is 7.09dBi with antenna efficiency of
80% at 5GHz.
2.1 .Single Antenna Element
Figure 1. Geometry of a U-slotted antenna element
M. Ali Soliman, W. Swelam, Ali Gomaa and T.E.Taha
m1 Freq =3.500GHZ S(1,1)=-23.834 dBm2 Freq =5.000GHZ S(1,1)=-20.884 dB
Figure 2. Single element reflection coefficient S11
Figure 3. Meandering of the surface current on the radiating U-slotted patch
Figure 4. Single element gain is better than 7 dBi with antenna efficiency of 93.43 % at 3.5 GHz
Progress In Electromagnetic Research B, Vol.
2.2. 1x2 Linear Array Antenna
Figure 5. shows the 1x2 linear array antenna with edge to edge separation of 10mm and separate feeding ports. Figure 6. shows the reflection coefficients S11
and S22. Figure 7. shows that the coupling between ports 1 and 2 is better than -18.61dB at 3.5GHz and -16dB at 5GHz. Figure 8. shows that the gain is better than 9.5dBi with antenna efficiency of 98.03% at 3.5GHz.
Figure 5. The 1x2 linear array antenna
m1 Freq =3.500GHZ S(1,1)=-27.394 dBm2 Freq =5.000GHZ S(1,1)=-19.618 dB
Figure 6. The reflection coefficients S11 and S22
M. Ali Soliman, W. Swelam, Ali Gomaa and T.E.Taha
Figure 7. The coupling coefficients S12
Figure 8. The 1x2 linear array gain is better than 9.5dBi with antenna efficiency of 98.03% at 3.5GHz
Figure 9 shows the 1x4 linear array antenna. Figure10 shows the reflection coefficients S11-S44. Figure 11 shows the coupling between different ports at 3.5GHz and 5GHz. Figure 12. shows that the gain is better than 12.33dBi at 3.5GHZ. Figure13. shows the antenna efficiency of 98.46% at 3.5GHz.
Figure 11. The coupling between different ports at 3.5GHz and 5GHz
Figure 12. The 1x4 linear array antenna gain at 3.5GHz
Figure 13. The 1x4 linear array antenna efficiency of 98.46% at 3.5GHz
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Progress In Electromagnetic Research B, Vol.
3- FABRICATION AND MEASUREMENT
3.1 single element
Figure 14 shows the fabricated single element. Figure 15 shows that the measured S11 is equal to -18.98dB at 3.5GHZ with a band width of 70MHZ and equals to -27.44dB at 5GHZ with a band width of 90MHZ. Good agreement between the measured and the simulation results is achieved for the single element.
Figure 14. The fabricated single element
Freq =3.500GHZ S(1,1)= -18.98 dBFreq =5.000GHZ S(1,1)= -27.44 dB
Figure 15. The reflection coefficients S11
M. Ali Soliman, W. Swelam, Ali Gomaa and T.E.Taha
3.2 1x2 linear array
Figure 16 shows the fabricated 1x2 linear sub-array, while Figure 17 shows The reflection coefficients S11 , S12 and Figure 18 shows The coupling between different ports at 3.5GHz and 5GHz.
Figure 16. The fabricated 1x2 sub-array
Figure 18. The coupling between different ports at 3.5GHz and 5GHz
Figure 17. The reflection coefficients S11 , S12
138mm
Progress In Electromagnetic Research B, Vol.
3.3 1x4 linear array
Figure 19 shows the compact 1x4 linear sub-array while Figure 20 shwos The reflection coefficients S11, S22, S33, S44 and Figure 21,Figure 22 and Figure23 shows the coupling between different ports at 3.5GHz and 5GHz .
Figure 20. The reflection coefficients S11, S22, S33, S44
Design simulation and optimization processes are carried out with the aid of the Advanced Design System (ADS) electromagnetic simulator that uses the full–wave Method of Moment (MoM) numerical technique [7]. Figure 24 shows the schematic of the compact dual-band planar 4x4 U-slotted rectangular patch phased array antenna with dimensions of 137.9x171.04mm. The separation between feeding points in both vertical and horizontal dimensions are optimized to avoid grating lobes. Figure 25 shows the reflection coefficients S11-S16 16
while Figure 26 shows the coupling coefficients between different patch antenna elements, both figures show that the results are better than -15dB at the dual band of interest, 3.5GHz and 5GHz. Figure27 shows the 4x4 planar array gain which is better than 34 dBi at 3.5GHz.
Figure 24. The figure shows the direct beam-steering between the base-station BS and the mobile client MC over distance d.
M. Ali Soliman, W. Swelam, Ali Gomaa and T.E.Taha
Figure 26. The 4x4 planar array reflection coefficients S11-S16 16.
Figure 25. The compact dual-band planar 4x4 U-slotted rectangular patch phased array antenna with dimensions of 137.9x171.04mm.
Progress In Electromagnetic Research B, Vol.
M. Ali Soliman, W. Swelam, Ali Gomaa and T.E.Taha
Figure 27. The 4x4 planar array coupling coefficients between different patch antenna array elements.
Figure 28. The 4x4 planar array gain which is better than 34 dBi at 3.5GHz.
,
4.1.2 Beam steeringFigure 28 shows different gain values to the main lobe of the 4x4 sub-array with beam steering at different angels. The steering is performed by changing phases of the elements feeding signals. Beam steering of +62 degrees could be achieved without any presence of the grating lobes. Table 1 shows the required phase shift difference (Δφ) to shift the beam main lobe to the designated angle (θ). The table also shows the corresponding gain at this angle.
Table.1 The required phase shift difference (Δφ) to shift the beam main lobe to the designated angle (θ).
4.2.1 Simulation and results:Figure 29 shows the schematic of the compact dual-band planar 8x8 U-slotted rectangular patch phased array antenna with dimensions of 287 X 367 mm. Figure 30 shows the reflection coefficients S11-S64 64 while Figure 31 shows the coupling coefficients between different patch antenna elements, both figures show that the results are better than -15dB at the dual band of interest, 3.5GHz and 5GHz. Figure32 shows the 8x8 planar array gain which is better than 45 dBi at 3.5GHz.
Figure 30. The compact dual-band planar 8x8 U-slotted rectangular patch phased array antenna with dimensions of 287 X 367 mm.
M. Ali Soliman, W. Swelam, Ali Gomaa and T.E.Taha
Progress In Electromagnetic Research B, Vol.
4.2.2 Beam steering
Figure 33. The 8x8 planar array gain which is better than 45 dBi at 3.5GHz.
Figure 32. The 8x8 planar array coupling coefficients between different patch antenna array elements.
Figure 31. The 8x8 planar array reflection coefficients S11-S64 64.
Figure 33 shows different gain values to the main lobe of the 8x8 sub-array with beam steering at different angels. The steering is performed by changing phases of the elements feeding signals. Beam steering of +78 degrees could be achieved without any presence of the grating lobes. Table 2 shows the required phase shift difference (Δφ) to shift the beam main lobe to the designated angle (θ). The table also shows the corresponding gain at this angle.
Table2: The required phase shift difference (Δφ) to shift the beam main lobe to the designated angle (θ).
A compact dual-band microstrip patch array antenna that is suitable for the MIMO 4G LTE and WLAN has been developed. Single element, prototype is fabricated and measured. 1x2 and 1x4 linear sub-arrays are designed and fabricated, but still under measurements. Good agreement between the measured and simulated results is achieved. The achieved results satisfy the requirements of both the MIMO 4G LTE and WLAN antenna systems.
Beam-steering using planar microstrip dual-band phased array antenna is used to steer the main lobe beam on mobile device for directional transmission is not only feasible but also beneficial to mobile devices such as netbooks, eBook readers, and future smartphones. Focusing transmit power toward the right direction increases the SNR and suppressing interference to peers. A compact planar dual-band microstrip patch phased array antenna with dimensions of 4x4 and 8x8 are used to steer the main lobe beam to the required client at a designated angle. Client directionality through beam-steering is a radical departure from omni directionality assumed by current mobile network paradigms. The simulation results show that the reflection coefficients and coupling coefficients parameters between different patch array antenna elements are better than -15dB at the dual band of interest, 3.5GHz and 5GHz. The 4x4 planar array gain is better than 34 dBi and the 8x8 planar array gain is better than 45 dBi at 3.5GHz. More than +62 degrees for the 4x4 dimensions and +78 degrees for the 8x8 dimension are achieved for the main-lobe without the presence of any greeting lobes. The achieved array antennas are suitable for MIMO 3G and 4G different wireless mobile applications such as LTE and WLAN antenna systems.
[2] G. J. Foschini, “Layered space-time architecture for wireless communication in a fading environment when using multi-element antennas,” Bell Labs Technical Journal, Autumn 1996, pp. 41-59.
[3] Martin Sauter, Beyond 3G – Bringing Networks, Terminals and the Web Together, John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 2009.
[4] Constantine A. Balanis, Antenna Theory Analysis and Design, Third Edition, by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2005.
[2] G. J. Foschini, “Layered space-time architecture for wireless communication in a fading environment when using multi-element antennas,” Bell Labs Technical Journal, Autumn 1996, pp. 41-59.
[1] W. Swelam, M. Ali Soliman, Ali Gomaa, T. E. Taha, “Compact Dual-Band Microstrip Patch Array Antenna for MIMO 4G Communication Systems", in the proceeding of the 2010 IEEE Antennas & Propagation Symp., (IEEE AP-S/URSI 2010), Toronto, Canada, July 11-17, 2010.
[2] M. Ali Soliman, W. Swelam, Ali Gomaa, T. E. Taha, “Design, Simulation and Implementation of a Compact Dual-Band Microstrip Patch Array Antenna for MIMO 4G LTE and WLAN Systems", in the proceeding of 7th
International Conference on Electric Engineering (2010 ICEENG-7), during the 5th International Scientific Conference of the Military Technical College (ISC-MTC-5), pp.EE193-1 – EE193-13,
Military Technical College (MTC), Cairo, Egypt, 25-27 May 2010.
[3] Hang Yu, Lin Zhong, and Ashutosh Sabharwal,” Beamsteering on Mobile Devices: Network Capacity and Client Efficiency”, Technical Report 06-23-2010, Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005.
[4] G. J. Foschini, “Layered space-time architecture for wireless communication in a fading environment when using multi-element antennas,” Bell Labs Technical Journal, autumn 1996, pp. 41-59.
[5] Martin Sauter, Beyond 3G – Bringing Networks, Terminals and the Web Together, John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 2009.
[6] Constantine A. Balanis, Antenna Theory Analysis and Design, Third Edition, by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2005.
