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Food groups
Carbohydrates (eg cereals)
Protein-rich foods(eg pulses)
Fats and oils Micronutrient-rich foods(eg vegetables)
Milk
WATER? SALT?
Acids
Produce H+ (as H3O+) ions in water
Produce a negative ion (-) too
Taste sour
Corrode metals
React with bases to form salts and water
Bases
Produce OH- ions in water
Taste bitter, chalky
Are electrolytes
Feel soapy, slippery
React with acids to form salts and water
Learning CheckDescribe the solution in each of the following as: 1) acid 2) base or 3)neutral.A. ___soda
B. ___soapC. ___coffeeD. ___ wineE. ___ water
F. ___ grapefruit
SolutionDescribe each solution as: 1) acid 2) base or 3) neutral.A. _1_ soda
B. _2_ soapC. _1_ coffeeD. _1_ wineE. _3_ water
F. _1_ grapefruit
Learning Check
Identify each as characteristic of an A) acid or B) base
____ 1. Sour taste
____ 2. Produces OH- in aqueous solutions ____ 3. Chalky taste
____ 4. Is an electrolyte____ 5. Produces H+ in aqueous solutions
Solution
Identify each as a characteristic of an A) acid or B) base
_A_ 1. Sour taste
_B_ 2. Produces OH- in aqueous solutions
_B_ 3. Chalky taste
A, B 4. Is an electrolyte
_A_ 5. Produces H+ in aqueous solutions
Some Common Acids
HCl hydrochloric acid
HNO3 nitric acid
H3PO4 phosphoric acid
H2SO4 sulfuric acid
CH3COOH acetic acid
Some Common Bases
NaOH sodium hydroxide
KOH potassium hydroxide
Ba(OH)2 ________________________
Mg(OH)2 ________________________
Al(OH)3 aluminum hydroxide
Learning Check
Match the formulas with the names:
A. ___ HNO2 1) hydrochloric acid
B. ___ Ca(OH)2 2) sulfuric acid
C. ___ H2SO4 3) sodium hydroxide
D. ___ HCl 4) nitrous acid
E. ___ NaOH 5) calcium hydroxide
Solution
Match the formulas with the names:
A. _4__ HNO2 1) hydrochloric acid
B. _5__ Ca(OH)2 2) sulfuric acid
C. _2__ H2SO4 3) sodium hydroxide
D. _1__ HCl 4) nitrous acid
E. _3__ NaOH 5) calcium hydroxide
Learning Check
Acid, Base Nameor Salt
CaCl2 ______ _________________
KOH ______ _________________
Ba(OH)2 ______ _________________
HBr ______ _________________
H2SO4 ______ __________________
Solution
Acid, Base Nameor Salt
CaCl2 salt calcium chloride
KOH base potassiuim hydroxide
Ba(OH)2 base barium hydroxide
HBr acid hydrobromic acid
H2SO4acid sulfuric acid
Acid base properties
Acids are hydrogen ion (H+) donorsBases are hydrogen ion (H+) acceptors
HCl + H2O H3O+ + Cl-
donor acceptor + -
+ +
*XYLEM AND **PHLOEM-*Complex tissue; water conducting tissue, different pattern of thickenings. ** Complex tissue; food conducting tissue, different pattern of thickenings
*PLANT AND **ANIMAL CELLS*cell membrane absent, large vacuole chloroplast present
**cell membrane present chloroplast absent.
What is a Population?• A population is one species living in a
specific area.• For example, all foxes living in an area
form a population.• Another example, all dandelions
growing in an area form another population.
What is a Community?• A community is formed from all living
populations found in an area. • All the foxes, dandelions, grasshoppers,
snakes, hawks, deer, and skunks living in one area each form their individual populations, but together make up a community.
What is a Ecosystem?
• An ecosystem is formed by the interactions between all living and non-living things • How do living and non-living things
interact in an environment?
What is Ecology?
• Ecology is how living and non-living things affect each other in their environment.
• We have already named several living things found in a community. Can you name non-living things in your community?
How non-living and living things affect each other
• Building more homes drives many animals out of their natural habitats or communities.
• Littering can destroy an animals habitat.• Air pollution from automobiles and factories will
affect the quality of life for all living things in a community, including people.