GOVT S-1113:Does Democracy Demand Prerequisites,

part II?

Tank Man, 1989

Tiananmen Square, 1989

Tiananmen Massacre

Berlin, Nov 1989

Sinatra Doctrine, Live

Round Table, Polish Style

Where (and when) is this image from?

Parsing Democratization

Ways of thinking of democratization literature:

• Prerequisites for democratization• Actual process of democratization

(once initiated)• Stabilization/consolidation• Democratic deepening/maintenance

Parsing Democratization, II

Broadly, we’ve encountered the following:

• Social factors• Geographic factors• Historical factors• Economic factors

Parsing Democratization, III

We can further sub-divide the previous into:

• Endogenous (domestic) categories• Elite versus mass reform• Agency versus structure

• Exogenous categories• International• Transnational• Supranational

Combining All That

Teorell synthesis of approaches in the literature (2010):

• Structural approaches (e.g. Lipset 1959)• Strategic approaches (e.g. Rustow 1970)• Social force approaches (e.g. Moore 1966)• Economic approaches (e.g. Przeworski & Limongi

1997; Boix & Stokes 2003)

Linz and StepanConditions for a consolidated democracy

“State-ness” is keyFive inter-related conditions proceed from this:1) Free and lively civil society necessary2) Autonomous political society3) Rule of law4) Functioning state and bureaucracy5) Economic society

Linz and StepanDemocratization caveats

• Diverse populations = more difficult

• Democracy possible under diversity, but requires careful institutional crafting

• Some ways of dealing with state-ness issues are incompatible with democracy